内容正文:
一般过去时知识讲义
一、什么是一般过去时?
概念:表示过去某个时间发生的行为或存在的状态,动作已经完成,和现在没有关系。
I visited my grandparents last weekend. 上周末我看望了爷爷奶奶。
She was at home yesterday. 她昨天在家。
记忆口诀:过去的事,用过去式;昨天、上周、前年,句句不离过去式。
2、 时间标志词(看到它们,就要想到一般过去时)
类别
常见标志词
yesterday 系列
yesterday(昨天) / yesterday morning / afternoon / evening
last 系列
last night(昨晚) last week / month / year / Sunday / term
ago 系列
two days ago(两天前) three years ago a moment ago(刚才)
其他
in 2020 / just now(刚才) / this morning / in the past(在过去)
3、 动词过去式的规则变化(动词 + ed)
变化规则
例词
① 一般情况直接加 ed
play → played watch → watched
② 以 e 结尾只加 d
like → liked live → lived
③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 ed
study → studied cry → cried
④ 重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母再加 ed
stop → stopped plan → planned
小贴士:-ed 的读音
清辅音后读 /t/,
浊辅音和元音后读 /d/,/t/ /d/ 后读 /ɪd/
四、四种基本句型(重点掌握)
1. 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
I went to the park yesterday. 我昨天去了公园。
They played football after school. 放学后他们踢了足球。
★ be 动词用过去式:am / is → was,are → were (I was... / He was... / We were...)
2. 否定句:主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他。
I didn't go to the park yesterday. 我昨天没有去公园。
注意:用了 didn't,动词就要变回原形,不能再写过去式!
★ be 动词的否定直接在其后加 not:was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't)
3. 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他?
— Did you go to the park yesterday? 你昨天去公园了吗?
— Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。
★ 回答只用 Yes/No + 主语 + did/didn't,不再重复动词。
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他?
What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?
Where did she go last Sunday? 她上周日去了哪里?
五、句型转换“三步法”(答题技巧)
第一步:看时间标志词,确定时态;
第二步:找动词,肯定句变过去式;否定句、疑问句变回原形;
第三步:查did / didn't是否加对,首字母是否大写,句末标点是否正确。
6、 易错点提醒
错误示范
正确说法 / 原因
I didn't went to school. (×)
I didn't go to school. (√) didn't 后面用原形
Did you watched TV? (×)
Did you watch TV? (√) Did 后面用原形
He play basketball last week. (×)
He played basketball last week. (√)last week 提示用过去式
I was go to the zoo. (×)
I went to the zoo. (√) was 不能和行为动词连用
附录:常用动词不规则变化表
(六年级常用 · 按变化特点分组 · 需熟记)
第一组 · 原形与过去式相同(最容易记)
原形
过去式
中文
原形
过去式
中文
cut
cut
切、剪
let
let
让
put
put
放
read
read
读
hurt
hurt
受伤、疼
cost
cost
花费
第二组 · 词尾变 -ought / -aught
原形
过去式
中文
原形
过去式
中文
buy
bought
买
bring
brought
带来
think
thought
想、认为
catch
caught
抓住
teach
taught
教
fight
fought
打架
第三组 · 变化中间的元音字母
原形
过去式
中文
原形
过去式
中文
begin
began
开始
come
came
来
drink
drank
喝
drive
drove
驾驶
eat
ate
吃
fall
fell
落下、跌倒
fly
flew
飞
forget
forgot
忘记
give
gave
给
go
went
去
know
knew
知道
ride
rode
骑
ring
rang
响铃
run
ran
跑
see
saw
看见
sing
sang
唱歌
sit
sat
坐
swim
swam
游泳
take
took
拿走
write
wrote
写
第四组 · 变化末尾的辅音字母
原形
过去式
中文
原形
过去式
中文
build
built
建造
lend
lent
借出
make
made
制作
send
sent
发送
spend
spent
花费
sleep
slept
睡觉
第五组 · 其他高频必背
原形
过去式
中文
原形
过去式
中文
am / is
was
是
are
were
是
do / does
did
做
have / has
had
有
can
could
能
will
would
将要
find
found
找到
feel
felt
感觉
keep
kept
保持
leave
left
离开
lose
lost
丢失
meet
met
遇见
say
said
说
speak
spoke
说话
stand
stood
站
tell
told
告诉
win
won
赢
hear
heard
听见
wear
wore
穿
draw
drew
画
grow
grew
生长
hold
held
握住
break
broke
打破
choose
chose
选择
记忆小妙招:
① 每天读 3 遍,边读边写;
② 同一组的动词一起背,越背越快;
③ 把这些词放进句子里记:I went to school. I saw a dog. I ate an apple.
④ 考试前重点复习 was / were, went, did, had, saw, ate 这几个“老熟人”。
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