内容正文:
教科版五年级上册
Unit 7 Make a Bird Feeder 单元解读
一、新课标理念体现
本单元话题为“制作鸟食器”(making a bird feeder),围绕利用废旧塑料瓶为冬天的小鸟制作鸟食器、制作步骤描述与不同鸟食器设计展开,属于“人与自然”主题范畴“自然生态、环境保护、灾害防范、宇宙探索”主题群,涉及“人与自然相互依存,绿色生活的理念和行为”子主题——教材以冬天小鸟觅食困难为问题起点(Today, it is not easy for birds to find food. It is even more difficult during cold, snowy winters.),引导学生利用废旧塑料瓶制作鸟食器帮助小鸟(You only need to find a used plastic bottle.),体现人与自然相互依存和变废为宝的绿色生活理念;同时涉及“人与自我”主题范畴“生活与学习”主题群,“劳动习惯与技能,热爱劳动”子主题——从画切割线(draw cutting lines)、沿线剪裁(cut along the lines)、放入食物(put some bird food into the bottle)到固定在树上(find a tree to place it on),全单元围绕动手制作鸟食器的劳动技能展开,学生在真实制作过程中培养劳动习惯和动手能力。五年级属新课标二级(5~6年级),二级要求学生“能就熟悉的话题进行简单的交流”“能在语境中理解并运用常见表达”——本单元通过Get Started(制作步骤排序与Nikki-Yafei对话跟读)、Close Reading(鸟食器制作说明文阅读与Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格归纳)、Active Listening(不同鸟食器设计听力与步骤填写)、Your Turn(水瓶喂食器六步制作与个性化制作方案写作)、Portfolio(流浪猫保暖窝设计迁移任务)、Spotlight(will句式主语缩略与顺序词与提问表达聚焦)和Wonderland(Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix设计思维阅读与语音学习)七个板块的递进设计,让学生在制作鸟食器的真实劳动情境中运用will句式描述步骤、用First/Next/Then/Finally顺序词组织语言,体现了新课标“在做中学、在劳动中学习语言”的理念。
二、课时划分
第1课时:Get Started & Close Reading(教材第74—77页)
第2课时:Active Listening—Wonderland(教材第78—84页)
三、单元内容分析
本单元由Get Started、Close Reading、Active Listening、Your Turn、Portfolio、Spotlight和Wonderland七个板块构成,课时之间呈现从制作步骤语块输入(Get Started四步排序与Nikki-Yafei对话跟读)到制作说明文阅读理解(Close Reading三段式鸟食器制作说明文与Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格归纳),再到听力训练与设计探讨(Active Listening不同鸟食器设计听力与步骤填写)、写作输出(Your Turn六步水瓶喂食器制作与个性化制作方案写作)、自我评价(Portfolio流浪猫保暖窝设计迁移任务)、语言聚焦(Spotlight will句式主语缩略与顺序词与提问表达)和拓展阅读(Wonderland Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix设计思维阅读与语音学习)的递进逻辑。单元开篇页(教材第73页)呈现单元标题Make a Bird Feeder和单元问题Why do birds need bird feeders on snowy days?,设三条单元目标:Describe the steps to make a bird feeder with used plastic bottles / Talk to your friends about different ways of making a bird feeder / Watch the birds and enjoy the birdsong in the trees。
第1课时涵盖Get Started和Close Reading两个板块。Get Started板块(教材第74—75页)承担制作步骤语言输入功能,以冬天为小鸟制作鸟食器为情境。Task A以图示呈现四个制作步骤——Step 1: draw cutting lines(画切割线)/ Step: put food inside(放入食物)/ Step: place it on a tree(放在树上)/ Step: cut along the lines(沿线剪裁)——要求学生排序,句型框架First, you’ll need to ... Next, ...。Task B为听力任务,训练学生通过听Nikki和爸爸的对话验证步骤排序。Task C提供Nikki和Yafei的对话跟读语篇,呈现制作步骤对话流程(Can you teach me how to make a bird feeder? → First, draw cutting lines on the bottle, and then cut along the lines. → Okay, what’s next? → Next, you will need to put some bird food into the bottle. → What else? → Finally, find a tree to place it on.),Role-play板块提供第三人称转述模板(To make a bird feeder, Yafei will first ... / Next, ... / Yes, then he will ... / Finally, he will ...)。Close Reading板块(教材第76—77页)为主课文阅读板块,以How to Make a Bird Feeder为标题的三段式制作说明文为阅读语篇——第一段(问题背景): Today, it is not easy for birds to find food. It is even more difficult during cold, snowy winters. / 第二段(制作方法): You only need to find a used plastic bottle. Then, cut a hole in the side of the bottle, put some food inside, and place the bottle on a tree. Birds will love your feeder! / 第三段(拓展延伸): There are different kinds of bird feeders. Some will keep food dry. Others will stay still on windy days or last for weeks. Make your own feeder and place it in a tree. Then, you’ll have many new friends!——设Think板块(What else do you think birds need during cold winters?)培养发散思维。Task B要求学生以三栏表格(Ask: What problems are birds facing? / Think: What can you do? / Plan: What are the steps?)归纳语篇信息,训练问题-思考-计划的结构化思维。Tell me more板块提供鸟食器评价对话模板(Do you think birds will like this one? / Which one do you like? What do you think of it? / Hmm, ..., because it ... / For me, I like this one because it will ...)。
第2课时涵盖Active Listening至Wonderland五个板块。Active Listening板块(教材第78—79页)为听力训练课,Task A呈现Nikki在网上找到另一种鸟食器设计的情境,要求学生看图猜测制作步骤(I guess she’ll first ... / Then, she’ll ...)。Task B为听音填写步骤——To make this bird feeder, I will first ___ on a water bottle. Next, I will ___. Then, I’ll just ___ and ___.——训练听力信息提取能力。Think板块(What does Nikki like about this bird feeder? Will it work?)培养评价思维。Chunk Store输入语块last for weeks / easy to make / keep food dry / stay still on windy days。Task C为听音回答任务——Why do Yafei and Nikki like this bird feeder?——呈现三条理由填空(It can ___ on rainy days. / Also, birds can ___. / There are ___. / ___ together.)。Role-play板块以讨论鸟食器制作计划为情境,提供对话模板(Look, I want to make a bird feeder like this! The food inside can ... / First, I will need to ... / Next, I should ... / Then, I will ... / After that, I can ... / This looks great! How will you make it? / That sounds great!)。Your Turn板块(教材第80—81页)为写作输出课,Task A呈现水瓶喂食器(water feeder)的六步制作图示——Step 1: Draw cutting dots. / Step 2: Make holes along the dots. / Step 3: Glue it to a plate. / Step 4: Put water in the bottle. / Step 5: Put them back together. / Step 6: Done!——并设Questions板块(What do you like or don’t you like about the idea in Task A? / Can you make a water feeder in a different way? How?)。Task B要求学生写个性化制作方案(My Bird Feeder or Water Feeder)——含Name / Date / Where I will put it / How I will make it(I will first ___. / Next, I will need to ___. / Then, I’ll just ___. / Finally, ___.)/ I want to make my bird feeder like this because ___——训练步骤描写和理由表达。Think板块(What do your friends think of your idea?)引导同伴评价。Portfolio板块(教材第82页)为自我评价板块,将制作对象从小鸟迁移到流浪猫——It’s not easy for street cats to stay warm during cold winters. Sometimes, they stay under cars, but it’s dangerous. Can you help them?——要求学生以Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格(What problems are cats facing? / What can you do? / What are the steps?)规划猫窝制作方案,物品提示a box / old clothes / paper。More ideas提供检查鸟食器并记录日记(Keep a diary and make sure your bird feeder is never empty!)和关注身边其他动物的延伸任务。Spotlight板块(教材第83页)为语言聚焦板块,总结三组核心句式——will句式主语缩略(He will need to cut along the lines. / She will place it on a tree. / It’ll keep food dry. / he’ll即he will / she’ll即she will / it’ll即it will),顺序表达(To talk about things in order, you can use: I will first ... / Next, I will need to ... / Then, I’ll just ... / Finally, ...),提问与表达观点(To ask and give opinions, you can say: What do you think of this bird feeder? / For me, it’s really great because it’ll stand on its own!)。Wonderland板块(教材第84页)为拓展阅读板块,设Hi! Phonics语音板块(x / y / z字母发音)和设计思维阅读语篇——When you want to come up with something new, try the following steps.——呈现Ask: What is the problem? / Think: What can I do? / Plan: What are the steps? / Make: How is the plan going? / Fix: How can I make it better?五步设计思维循环,引导学生将鸟食器制作经验提炼为通用的问题解决流程。
四、单元教学目标
通过本单元的学习,学生能够:在语言知识方面,掌握制作步骤语块——draw cutting lines、cut along the lines、put food inside、place it on a tree、make holes along the dots、glue it to a plate、put them back together,掌握鸟食器功能语块——keep food dry、stay still on windy days、last for weeks、easy to make、stand on its own,掌握will句式主语缩略——He will need to... / She will place it on a tree. / It’ll keep food dry. / he’ll即he will / she’ll即she will / it’ll即it will,掌握顺序表达——I will first ... / Next, I will need to ... / Then, I’ll just ... / Finally, ...,掌握提问与表达观点——What do you think of...? / For me, it’s really great because...,感知语块used plastic bottle / bird food / bird feeder / birdsong / come up with something new;在语言技能方面,能用will句式和顺序词描述制作鸟食器的步骤,能用功能语块评价不同鸟食器设计,能阅读三段式制作说明文并提取Ask-Think-Plan三栏信息,能听音填写制作步骤并回答理由,能写个性化制作方案并说明理由;在文化意识方面,了解废旧物品再利用的绿色生活理念,感受“劝君莫打枝头鸟,子在巢中望母归”的关爱生命传统,理解“亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物”的仁爱推及万物思想;在思维品质方面,通过Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格培养问题-思考-计划的结构化思维,通过不同鸟食器设计比较培养评价思维,通过Portfolio迁移制作(从鸟食器到猫窝)培养迁移创新思维,通过Wonderland五步设计思维培养问题解决思维。
五、单元重难点
重点:
掌握制作步骤语块与鸟食器功能语块——draw cutting lines / cut along the lines / put food inside / place it on a tree / keep food dry / stay still on windy days / last for weeks
能用will句式和顺序词描述制作步骤——I will first ... / Next, I will need to ... / Then, I’ll just ... / Finally, ...
能用will句式主语缩略描述他人行为——He will need to cut along the lines. / She will place it on a tree. / It’ll keep food dry.
难点:
will句式主语缩略形式——he’ll即he will / she’ll即she will / it’ll即it will——五年级学生需掌握will与不同主语的缩略形式
制作说明文阅读与信息提取——Close Reading三段式语篇含问题背景、制作方法和设计拓展三类信息,Task B的Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格需结构化归纳
个性化制作方案写作——Your Turn Task B要求学生写自己的鸟食器制作方案,需运用顺序词组织步骤并用because表达理由
Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix设计思维——Wonderland呈现五步设计思维循环,学生需将制作鸟食器的经验提炼为通用的问题解决流程
六、学情分析
五年级学生对动手制作活动有天然兴趣——制作鸟食器是具体的劳动实践,单元问题Why do birds need bird feeders on snowy days?直接关联学生的冬天生活体验。学生在U4-U6已学will句式表预测、疑问词提问和主语缩略——本单元进一步拓展will的第三人称主语缩略形式(He will need to... → He’ll... / She will place it... → She’ll... / It will keep food dry. → It’ll...),教师可引导学生从I’ll / You’ll过渡到He’ll / She’ll / It’ll。Close Reading的三段式制作说明文是本册特色阅读语篇——含问题背景(鸟在冬天觅食困难)、制作方法(废旧塑料瓶制作鸟食器步骤)和设计拓展(不同鸟食器功能)三类信息,Task B的Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格归纳需要学生按问题-思考-计划结构整理信息。Your Turn Task B的个性化制作方案写作需要学生综合运用顺序词和will句式——I will first ___ / Next, I will need to ___ / Then, I’ll just ___ / Finally, ___——并写出制作理由(I want to make my bird feeder like this because ___),对五年级学生的语言整合能力有较高要求。Active Listening Task B的步骤填写需要学生听音并准确填写多步制作流程——涉及动词短语(cut / put / glue等)和顺序词的综合运用。Portfolio的流浪猫保暖窝设计是迁移任务——学生需将鸟食器制作经验迁移到新的问题情境(street cats need warmth),并用Ask-Think-Plan框架规划新方案。Wonderland的Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix五步设计思维是本单元的认知提升——学生需从具体的鸟食器制作经验中提炼出通用的问题解决流程,培养元认知能力。
七、教学策略
情境教学法——创设“冬天为小鸟制作鸟食器”(Make a Bird Feeder)的真实情境,让学生在模拟的劳动制作场景中操练步骤表达——如看图排序制作步骤(First, draw cutting lines. / Next, cut along the lines.)、跟读制作对话(Can you teach me how to make a bird feeder?)、评价不同鸟食器设计(What do you think of this bird feeder? / For me, it’s really great because it’ll stand on its own!)——学生在情境中自然使用He will need to... / She will place it on a tree. / It’ll keep food dry.等核心句式;教师可在课堂展示废旧塑料瓶、剪刀等制作材料和小鸟冬天觅食的图片,营造关爱动物和动手制作的氛围。
任务驱动法——本单元每个板块均以Task A / Task B / Task C的任务结构推进:Get Started的Task A要求排序四个制作步骤,Close Reading的Task B要求填写Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格,Active Listening的Task B要求听音填写制作步骤,Your Turn的Task B要求写个性化制作方案——每个任务有明确的语言输出目标,任务产出可独立检查。
合作学习法——Get Started的Role-play(第三人称转述Yafei制作步骤)、Close Reading的Tell me more(评价三种鸟食器设计)、Active Listening的Role-play(讨论鸟食器制作计划)、Your Turn的Think(同伴评价制作方案)均设计为pair work,学生在合作中互问互答、讨论设计、评价方案——Portfolio的流浪猫保暖窝设计也可在小组合作中完成Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格;More ideas的“What other animals live around you? What can you do to help them?”明确要求学生交流讨论。
直观演示法——利用Get Started Task A的四个步骤图示直观呈现制作流程(draw cutting lines → cut along the lines → put food inside → place it on a tree),利用Close Reading Task B的Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格直观呈现问题-思考-计划结构,利用Your Turn Task A的六步制作图示(Draw cutting dots → Make holes → Glue it to a plate → Put water in the bottle → Put them back together → Done!)直观呈现完整制作过程,利用Wonderland的五步设计思维循环图直观呈现问题解决流程——教师可在课堂展示真实鸟食器实物或制作视频,帮助学生将步骤语块与实际操作对应。
项目式学习法——本单元以制作鸟食器为贯穿项目,形成完整的项目学习链条:Get Started学习基本制作步骤(输入阶段)→ Close Reading阅读制作说明文理解制作原理和设计差异(理解阶段)→ Active Listening听不同鸟食器设计的制作步骤(拓展阶段)→ Your Turn制作水瓶喂食器并写个性化方案(产出阶段)→ Portfolio迁移到流浪猫保暖窝制作(迁移阶段)→ Wonderland提炼Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix设计思维(反思阶段)——每个板块对应项目学习的不同环节,学生在完整的项目推进中习得语言、锻炼动手能力、培养设计思维;教师可在课堂设置“Make Your Own Bird Feeder”项目,让学生在课堂上实际制作并展示自己的鸟食器。
八、教学准备
教师准备:教材配套音视频资源(2个课时的听力音频,含Get Started Task B、Active Listening Task A/B/C),制作材料实物或图示(used plastic bottle / scissors / bird food / plate / glue),步骤图示卡(draw cutting lines / cut along the lines / put food inside / place it on a tree / make holes / glue it to a plate),will句型卡(He will need to... / She will place it on a tree. / It’ll keep food dry. / he’ll即he will / she’ll即she will / it’ll即it will),顺序词卡(First / Next / Then / Finally / After that),功能语块卡(keep food dry / stay still on windy days / last for weeks / easy to make / stand on its own),Ask-Think-Plan三栏表格模板,六步制作图示卡,个性化制作方案写作模板,Ask-Think-Plan-Make-Fix五步设计思维循环图,废旧塑料瓶和小鸟食物(用于课堂实际制作演示)。
学生准备:想想自己在冬天见过的小鸟——它们吃什么、住哪里;收集家里的废旧塑料瓶,想想能用它做什么有用的东西。
九、跨学科整合建议
劳动:动手制作与劳动技能——本单元以制作鸟食器为贯穿项目,涉及画切割线(draw cutting lines)、沿线剪裁(cut along the lines)、打孔(make holes along the dots)、粘贴固定(glue it to a plate)、组装(put them back together)等动手操作——这正是劳动课“手工制作”内容的直接运用。劳动课强调“运用常见工具和材料进行简单的手工制作,培养动手能力和劳动习惯”,而本单元从Get Started的四步排序到Your Turn的六步制作图示再到Task B的个性化制作方案,正是手工制作劳动在英语学习中的体现——教师可与劳动老师合作,在劳动课指导学生使用剪刀和胶水制作鸟食器或水瓶喂食器,在英语课用draw cutting lines / cut along the lines / glue it to a plate / put them back together等语块描述制作步骤——实现跨学科的动手实践训练。
道德与法治:关爱动物与环保责任——本单元以冬天小鸟觅食困难为问题起点(Today, it is not easy for birds to find food. It is even more difficult during cold, snowy winters.),引导学生制作鸟食器帮助小鸟,并利用废旧塑料瓶作为材料(You only need to find a used plastic bottle.)——这正是道德与法治课“关爱生命”和“保护环境”内容的直接运用。道德与法治课强调“了解人与自然相互依存的关系,培养关爱动物和节约资源的意识”,而本单元的鸟食器制作正是关爱动物(帮助小鸟过冬)和绿色生活(废旧塑料瓶再利用)在英语学习中的体现——教师可与道德与法治老师合作,在道德与法治课指导学生了解冬天动物生存困难和废物再利用的意义,在英语课用It is not easy for birds to find food. / You only need to find a used plastic bottle. / Birds will love your feeder!等句式表达关爱动物和绿色生活理念——Portfolio的流浪猫保暖窝设计更将关爱对象从小鸟扩展到身边的其他动物,进一步深化环保责任教育。
十、文化拓展延伸
“劝君莫打枝头鸟,子在巢中望母归”——关爱生命的千年智慧:唐代白居易在《鸟》中写道“谁道群生性命微?一般骨肉一般皮。劝君莫打枝头鸟,子在巢中望母归”——谁说小鸟的生命微不足道?它们和人类一样有血有肉。劝你不要打枝头上的鸟儿,幼鸟还在巢中盼望着母亲归来——这与本单元Why do birds need bird feeders on snowy days?的单元问题高度契合。白居易呼吁人们关爱鸟类、尊重生命——与本单元制作鸟食器帮助小鸟过冬的主题一脉相承。教学中可在Close Reading Task A阅读制作说明文后介绍:中国唐代诗人白居易一千多年前就写了“劝君莫打枝头鸟,子在巢中望母归”——劝大家不要伤害枝头上的鸟儿,因为小鸟宝宝还在巢里等妈妈回来——我们今天做鸟食器帮小鸟过冬,正是对这份关爱生命的传承。
“亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物”——仁爱推及万物的千年智慧:《孟子·尽心上》中说“君子之于物也,爱之而弗仁;于民也,仁之而弗亲。亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物”——君子爱惜万物但不施仁德,对百姓施仁德但不亲爱;从亲爱自己的亲人推及对百姓仁爱,从对百姓仁爱推及爱惜万物——这与本单元从制作鸟食器(爱物)到Portfolio为流浪猫做保暖窝(爱物拓展)的递进设计高度契合。孟子提出仁爱应从亲人推及百姓、从百姓推及万物——与本单元从关注小鸟到关注身边所有动物的拓展逻辑一致。教学中可在Portfolio流浪猫保暖窝设计任务后介绍:中国古人孟子说“亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物”——从爱自己的家人,到爱身边的人,再到爱世间万物——我们做鸟食器帮小鸟,做猫窝帮流浪猫,就是“仁民而爱物”的体现。
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