Unit 5 The power of plants.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语讲义以思维导图为框架，结合对比表格系统梳理一般将来时知识体系，涵盖be going to与will的用法、句式结构、时间状语及核心区别，重点呈现there be将来时、位移动词现在进行时表将来等考点，清晰展现知识内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，包含单选、动词填空、句型转换等题型，典型例题如条件句“主将从现”辨析，培养学生语言运用与逻辑思维能力。答案解析详细，基础学生可掌握基础用法，优秀学生能深化辨析，助力自主复习，也为教师提供精准教学支持。

外研版 七上 Unit 5 The power of plants.语法精讲精练 —— 一般将来时：be going to 与 will 对比辨析 —— 使用说明 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，初中阶段有两大核心结构：be going to 与 will/shall。本讲严格对照教材思维导图，平行讲解两大结构的用法与句式，重点突破 there be 的将来时、位移动词用现在进行时表将来，以及 be going to 与 will 的三点区别（尤其条件状语从句主句用 will），配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、be going to 结构 （一）两大用法 用法 含义 例句 用法① 计划、打算 表示事先计划、打算好要做某事（主观安排） We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们要开一个班会。 用法② 有迹象预测 根据眼前迹象判断「很快就要发生」 Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些云，要下雨了。 （二）be going to 的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + be(am/is/are) going to + 动词原形 + 其他 They are going to swim next week. 下周他们打算去游泳。 否定句 主语 + be + not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 They aren't going to swim next week. 下周他们不打算去游泳。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? —Are they going to swim next week? 他们下周要去游泳吗？ 简略回答 Yes, 主语 + be. / No, 主语 + be not. —Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 是的。/不，他们不去。 【易错警示】be going to 中的 be 动词必须随主语人称和数变化（I am / he,she,it is / we,you,they are），to 后必须接动词原形，不能漏 be 或 to。 （三）两点注意 1. there be 句型的将来时：There is/are going to be + 主语 + 其他。 结构中第二个 be 是 there be 句型的「存在」动词，不能用 have；且遵循「就近原则」，be 的数与最近的主语一致。 There is going to be a concert tonight. 今晚将有一场音乐会。（a concert 单数用 is，不能说 *There is going to have） There are going to be two parties next week. 下周将有两场聚会。（two parties 复数用 are） 2. come, go, leave, arrive, fly, start 等表示位置移动的动词，常用现在进行时（be + v.-ing）表示按计划即将发生的动作。 My uncle is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要动身去上海。 The train is arriving in five minutes. 火车五分钟后到达。 二、will / shall 结构 （一）含义 will + 动词原形，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，多指客观趋势或临时决定。主语是第一人称（I/we）时，可用 shall 代替 will。 （二）will 的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他 They will get there in three days. 他们将于三天后到达那里。 否定句 主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形 + 其他 They won't get there in three days. 他们三天后到不了那里。 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? —Will they get there in three days? 他们三天后会到吗？ 简略回答 Yes, 主语 + will. / No, 主语 + won't. —Yes, they will. / No, they won't. 是的，会到。/不，不会。 【注】缩写：will 与主语连写为 'll（I'll, you'll, he'll）；will not = won't；shall not = shan't。shall 多用于第一人称 I/we，疑问句 Shall I/we...? 常用来征求对方意见。 Shall we go to the park this Sunday? 我们这周日去公园好吗？（征求意见） 三、一般将来时的标志性时间状语 类别 标志词 / 短语 tomorrow 系列 tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening next 系列 next week/month/year/term/Monday in 系列 in an hour, in three days, in the future, in 2030 其他 the day after tomorrow 后天；soon 不久；from now on 从现在起；in the end 最终 【注】「in + 时间段」表示「……以后」，用于将来时（in three days 三天后）；「after + 时间点」也可表将来，而「时间段 + later」多用于过去时叙述。 四、be going to 与 will 的三点区别（核心考点） 比较角度 be going to will ① 时间远近与依据 表示近期、眼下就要发生，或根据主观判断、眼前迹象肯定要发生 表示的将来时间相对远一些，或客观上将来势必发生 ② 是否含计划 含有「计划、准备」之意（事先安排好） 只表将来，不含事先计划；多表示临时决定、意愿或客观趋势 ③ 条件/时间状语从句的主句 条件状语从句的主句中一般不用 be going to 条件/时间状语从句遵循「主将从现」，主句多用 will —I forgot my wallet at home. —Never mind. I will pay for you. ——我钱包落家了。——没关系，我替你付。（说话时临时决定，用 will，不能用 be going to） If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。（条件从句 rains 用一般现在，主句用 will，即「主将从现」） My brother will be ten years old next year. 我弟弟明年就十岁了。（年龄增长是客观势必，用 will） 【易错警示】「主将从现」：在 if（如果）、as soon as（一……就）、when（当……时）、until（直到）等引导的条件/时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用 will + 动词原形。 五、一般将来时的多种表达法汇总 结构 适用 例句 will + 动词原形 客观将来、临时决定、意愿 I will call you later. be going to + 动词原形 计划打算、有迹象预测 It is going to snow. be + v.-ing（现在进行时） come/go/leave/arrive 等位移动词表将来 They are leaving tonight. be about to + 动词原形 即将、马上（很近的将来） The meeting is about to begin. 一般现在时表将来 按时刻表发生的车、船、飞机、节目 The plane takes off at 7. 六、典型例题精讲 【例1】Look at the dark clouds! It ______ rain. A. will B. is going to C. goes to D. shall 【答案】B 【解析】眼前乌云密布是即将下雨的迹象，「有迹象预测」用 be going to，故选 B。 【例2】There ______ a football match in our school the day after tomorrow. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be 【答案】C 【解析】there be 将来时用 There is/are going to be，第二个 be 不能用 have；a match 单数就近用 is，故选 C。 【例3】We ______ hiking if it ______ fine this Sunday. A. will go; is B. are going; will be C. go; is D. will go; will be 【答案】A 【解析】if 条件句「主将从现」：主句用 will go，从句用一般现在 is，故选 A。 【例4】—My pen is broken. —Don't worry. I ______ you mine. A. am going to lend B. will lend C. lend D. am lending 【答案】B 【解析】听到对方困难后当场做出的临时决定，用 will，不含事先计划，故选 B。 【例5】Hurry up! The train ______. Please get on board quickly. A. leaves B. is leaving C. will leaving D. left 【答案】B 【解析】leave 为位移动词，用现在进行时 is leaving 表示马上就要发生，故选 B。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. —Why are you in such a hurry? —I ______ an English class. It begins in five minutes. A. will have B. am going to have C. have D. had 2. Look at the dark clouds in the sky! I think it ______ rain. A. will B. is going to C. goes to D. shall 3. There ______ a football match on TV tonight. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be 4. —______ you ______ your grandparents tomorrow? —Yes, I am. A. Will; visit B. Are; going to visit C. Do; visit D. Are; visit 5. I believe people ______ live longer in the future with better medicine. A. are going to B. will C. were going to D. / 6. We ______ camping if it ______ sunny next Saturday. A. will go; is B. are going; will be C. go; is D. will go; will be 7. —My bike is broken. —Don't worry. I ______ lend you mine. A. am going to B. will C. am D. was 8. The Greens ______ for Xi'an tomorrow. Their plane tickets are ready. A. leave B. leaves C. are leaving D. will leaving 9. There ______ two English parties in our grade next week. A. is going to be B. are going to be C. will have D. is going to have 10. —Shall we go shopping this afternoon? —Sorry, I ______ my dentist. A. visit B. visited C. am going to visit D. will visiting 11. If he ______ harder from now on, he ______ catch up with his classmates. A. works; will B. will work; will C. works; is going to D. work; will 12. My little sister ______ twelve years old next birthday. A. is going to be B. will be C. is D. was 13. Hurry up! The train ______. We have only two minutes left. A. leaves B. is leaving C. will leave D. left 14. —I forgot to bring my pen. —I ______ one for you. Wait here, please. A. am going to buy B. will buy C. buy D. bought 15. ______ open the window for you? It's a little hot here. A. Will I B. Shall I C. Am I going to D. Do I 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共12分） 1. Look! The wind is blowing hard. It ______ (rain) soon. 2. We ______ (have) a picnic this Sunday. We have prepared enough food. 3. There ______ (be) a school trip in our grade next month. 4. If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, we ______ (climb) the hill. 5. —Where are you going? —I ______ (visit) my sick teacher in hospital. 6. People ______ (use) clean energy more and more widely in the future. 7. My brother ______ (leave) for Beijing tonight. His train leaves at 10. 8. Don't worry. I ______ (help) you with your math after school. 9. ______ there ______ (be) more parks in our city in the future? 10. The kids ______ (not stay) at home tomorrow. They plan to go camping. 11. Be careful! You ______ (break) the glass if you touch it so hard. 12. Next term, she ______ (study) in a new school in another city. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 看那些乌云，马上就要下雨了。 Look at the dark clouds. It ______ ______ ______ rain soon. 2. 明天下午我们学校将有一场篮球赛。 There ______ ______ ______ ______ a basketball match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 3. 如果明天天气好，我们就去公园。 We ______ ______ to the park if it ______ fine tomorrow. 4. 我叔叔明天将动身飞往上海。 My uncle ______ ______ for Shanghai by plane tomorrow. 5. 别担心，我会帮你学英语的。 Don't worry. I ______ ______ you with your English. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. They are going to visit the science museum next Friday.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ going to visit the science museum next Friday. 7. She will study in London next year.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） ______ ______ study in London next year? —______, she ______. 8. We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.（对划线部分 this afternoon 提问） ______ ______ you ______ ______ have a class meeting? 9. There will be more trees in the park.（改为 be going to 同义句） There ______ ______ ______ ______ more trees in the park. 10. He is going to buy a new bike next week.（用 will 改写为同义句） He ______ ______ a new bike next week. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】课五分钟后开始，是事先计划好的安排，用 be going to 2. 【答案】B 【解析】眼前乌云是下雨的迹象，有迹象预测用 be going to 3. 【答案】C 【解析】there be 将来时 is going to be，不用 have；a match 单数 4. 【答案】B 【解析】答语 I am 提示 be going to 疑问结构 Are...going to 5. 【答案】B 【解析】in the future 较远的客观趋势，用 will 6. 【答案】A 【解析】if 条件句主将从现：主句 will go，从句一般现在 is 7. 【答案】B 【解析】当场做出的临时决定，用 will 8. 【答案】C 【解析】leave 位移动词，现在进行时表计划好的将来，Greens 一家复数 are leaving 9. 【答案】B 【解析】there be 将来时就近 two parties 复数，用 are going to be 10. 【答案】C 【解析】已计划好去看牙医，用 be going to 11. 【答案】A 【解析】主将从现：从句一般现在 works，主句 will 12. 【答案】B 【解析】年龄增长客观势必，用 will be 13. 【答案】B 【解析】位移动词进行时表马上发生，is leaving 14. 【答案】B 【解析】当场临时决定去买，用 will buy 15. 【答案】B 【解析】Shall I...? 主动提出帮忙、征求意见，第一人称用 shall 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】is going to rain 【解析】风大是迹象，有迹象预测 2. 【答案】are going to have 【解析】已备好食物，计划好，we 用 are 3. 【答案】is going to be 【解析】there be 将来时，a trip 单数就近 is 4. 【答案】doesn't rain; will climb 【解析】主将从现：从句一般现在否定，主句 will 5. 【答案】am going to visit 【解析】计划去看望生病的老师，I 用 am 6. 【答案】will use 【解析】in the future 客观趋势，用 will 7. 【答案】is leaving 【解析】位移动词 leave 进行时表将来，单数 is leaving 8. 【答案】will help 【解析】当场承诺，用 will 9. 【答案】Will; be 【解析】there be 将来时疑问，will 提前，第二个 be 保留 10. 【答案】aren't going to stay 【解析】plan 提示计划，否定 aren't going to 11. 【答案】will break 【解析】if 条件句主句用 will，主将从现 12. 【答案】will study 【解析】next term 客观将来安排，用 will 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】is going to 【解析】有迹象预测，be going to + 动词原形 rain 2. 【答案】is going to be 【解析】there be 将来时，a match 单数 is going to be 3. 【答案】will go; is 【解析】主将从现：主句 will go，从句一般现在 is 4. 【答案】is leaving/flying 【解析】位移动词现在进行时表将来，单数 is leaving 5. 【答案】will help 【解析】当场承诺帮忙用 will 6. 【答案】aren't 【解析】be going to 否定在 be 后加 not，they 用 aren't 7. 【答案】Will she; No; won't 【解析】will 一般疑问句将 will 提前；否定回答 No, she won't 8. 【答案】When are; going to 【解析】对时间 this afternoon 提问用 when，be going to 结构保留 9. 【答案】are going to be 【解析】more trees 复数，there be 将来时 are going to be 10. 【答案】will buy 【解析】be going to 与 will 同义改写，will + 动词原形 buy 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $