精品解析：北京市第十五中学2026-2027学年高三年级上学期开学阶段测试英语试卷

北京十五中高三年级阶段测试试卷 英语 2026.08 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，每题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 1. When did the movie begin? A. At 7:45. B. At 7:50. C. At 8:15. 2. What did the woman do? A. She bought a new house. B. She had her house decorated. C. She took a long vacation. 3. What is the woman? A. A coach. B. A doctor. C. A saleswoman. 4. What does the man mean? A. The woman should look on the door. B. The woman should open the door. C. The woman should ask someone else. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. The man’s clothes. B. The man’s brother. C. A shopping experience. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. Who could the man probably be? A. A patient. B. A repairman. C. A house owner. 7. What is the woman’s problem? A. She is too busy. B. She has caught a bad cold. C. She is annoyed at the broken glass. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Colleagues. C. Father and daughter. 9. What is the man going to do next? A. Leave home. B. Go to the office. C. Watch a dance competition. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does Patrick think of the match? A. Just so-so. B. Fantastic. C. Disappointing. 11. What has Jenny been doing recently? A. Playing football. B. Preparing for her exams. C. Taking science classes. 12. Where will the speakers probably go? A. To a college. B. To a stadium. C. To a cafe. 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13. What kind of tour is the speaker conducting? A. A walking tour. B. A cycling tour. C. A bus tour. 14. What was on the site of the Bicentennial Park in the past? A. A sports center. B. Factories. C. Shops. 15. What will the speaker do next? A. Tour around the nature reserve. B. Find the formal gardens. C. Go up The Tower. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 South Coast Gardens Built time 1932 Founder The Gilson 16 Area 17 acres (英亩) Collections Rare books, 18th-century British, European, and American paintings, rare 18 , furniture, etc. Gardens An Eastern tea garden, tropical (热带的) 19 , Southwestern desert, and an English 20 garden 第二部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分） 第一节 词汇填空（共25小题。每小题0.5分，满分12.5分） 1. After a certain age, you have to work hard to keep your ________. A. height B. figure C. expression D. length 2. I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my ________ one. A. previous B. obvious C. curious D. generous 3. Actually, I do know I need to ________ myself away from the online world. A. reduce B. supply C. arise D. drag 4. He ________ himself comfortably in his usual chair and began his reading. A. shared B. achieved C. required D. settled 5. It is some old-fashioned ________ that make the English poem hard to understand. A. generations B. visions C. expressions D. vocations 6. He is a computer ________ and he nearly knows everything about computers. A. expert B. pilot C. architect D. merchant 7. He was ________ manager of the new workshop because of his strong sense of duty. A. handled B. controlled C. performed D. promoted 8. The company manages to help each employee to achieve their full ________. A. opportunity B. stress C. potential D. cooperation 9. A (n) ________ between two cultures may lead to some misunderstanding. A. consequence B. aspect C. conflict D. effect 10. There is no fixed standard to ________ whether a person is a success or a failure. A. assess B. desire C. seek D. abandon 11. The information on the Internet ________ so rapidly that it will be known worldwide once released. A. exposes B. spreads C. analyses D. picks 12. Many reporters from different media groups competed to ________ the hot issue. A. cover B. appeal C. call D. pull 13. The English ________ of the novel is due for publication next year. A. version B. apartment C. approach D. way 14. She sought a famous literary critic to write a(n) ________ for her new book. A. conductor B. band C. review D. audience 15. You can’t really ________ foreign literature in translation. A. tie B. accuse C. involve D. appreciate 16. I am always ________ in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I am interested in after school. A. attentive B. attractive C. competitive D. respective 17. ________ is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness. A. Stress B. Balance C. Combination D. Assignment 18. The power and water supplies were ________, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook. A. unnecessary B. unstable C. unbelievable D. unpredictable 19. A ceremony will be held to ________ the 50th anniversary of the end of the war. A. behave B. fight C. mark D. charge 20. When the storm ________, there were crashes of thunder coming one right after another. A. struck B. blamed C. accused D. interrupted 21. My parents have opened an ________ for me to save my lucky money of each year. A. resource B. account C. license D. budget 22. She now has ________ over the people who used to be her bosses. A. authority B. passport C. permission D. remark 23. Police are trying to discover the ________ of a baby found by the side of a road. A. certificate B. identity C. reference D. occasion 24. The president issued a formal ________ on television last night. A. dictation B. declaration C. translation D. modernization 25. The soldiers bravely fought against the enemies for the ________ of their homeland. A. participation B. conference C. honor D. confidence 第二节 语法填空（共25小题。每小题0.5分，满分12.5分） 26. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change 27. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 28. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 29. I have an appointment________Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. A. to B. off C. with D. from 30. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 31. When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 32. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 33. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 34. --- So what is the procedure? --- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 35. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what 36. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 37. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 38. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 39. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each 40. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels. A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 41. I’ll give you my friend’s home address ______ I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where 42. No decision __about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 43. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury. A. which B. that C. what D. who 44. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ____ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out 45. I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time ________ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 46. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ______ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 47. During the Spring Festival this year, many people _________ to foreign countries for a holiday. A. flew B. have flown C. had flown D. fly 48. Apple Company has begun its Apple Pay service, _________ you can buy what you need more quickly and conveniently. A. for B. or C. so D. but 49. Nowadays more and more people _________ clothes online to save time and money and there will be more in the future. A. bought B. had bought C. will buy D. are buying 50. My teacher helped me a lot with my English last term, _________ made my mother moved. A. who B. which C. where D. when 第二节 完形填空（共20小题。每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的题号涂黑。 A As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ____51____ this summer. I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ____52____, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ____53____ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ____54____ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community. The response to my business was ____55____. On the first three days alone, I made $406.Thai initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ____56____ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the centre, grateful for the charging service, ____57____ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others. The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ____58____ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which ____59____ my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities. The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these _____60_____ lessons have set a stage for the future. 51. A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science 52. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable 53. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address 54. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide 55. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing 56. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear 57. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed 58. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit 59. A. estimated B. provided C. doubled D. reduced 60. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural B The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He ____61____ me with a puzzle — all because he waved to me like someone does on seeing a close friend. A big, bright smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to ____62____ his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had mistaken me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the conclusion that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends. Then one day the ____63____ was solved. As I ____64____ the school he was standing in the middle of the road ____65____ his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. Once the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars through. To the first he waved and ____66____ in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same ____67____ from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking (表情刻板的) businessman, gave a brief, almost ____68____ wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school responded more heartily. Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest. So far I haven’t seen anyone ____69____ to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a (n) ____70____ to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the feelings of the whole neighbourhood. 61. A. disappointed B. hit C. presented D. bored 62. A. research B. study C. recognize D. explore 63. A. argument B. disagreement C. mystery D. task 64. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left 65. A. drawing back B. holding out C. handing in D. putting on 66. A. cried B. cheered C. gestured D. smiled 67. A. greeting B. reply C. notice D. idea 68. A. elegant B. angry C. awkward D. patient 69. A. fail B. try C. wish D. bother 70. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference 第三部分 阅读理解（共25小题。每小题2分，满分50分） 第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） A The AI Scholars Programme (AISP) offers high school students worldwide a four-week, on-campus experience in artificial intelligence (AI) at Westbridge Technology University (WTU), connecting them with leading AI researchers. This fully-funded programme covers course fees, housing and programme-related field trips. Course Plan A virtual Python preparation course begins one month prior to the start of the campus programme. Coding experience is not required, and instructor support will be available for all students. Core academic modules include lectures on using AI fairly and safely, along with in-depth seminars led by WTU teaching staff that explore current AI research projects. Students will apply newly acquired AI skills to real-world challenges in a hands-on group project, which will be presented at the AISP closing ceremony. Site visits with industry leaders are also included to explore emerging career paths in the AI field, along with academic writing workshops for college application. Application Requirements Students applying for AISP must be at least 16 years old. The complete application for AISP will consist of： an online application form; official high school records of academic performance and extra-curricular activities; a personal statement demonstrating curiosity in AI research and commitment to socially responsible innovation. Applicants are strongly encouraged to submit a one-page maximum summary of the research proposal, clarifying how the project uses AI, its importance and intended outcomes. This will provide valuable information about the applicant’s research potential, technical skills, and ability to plan and communicate their research goals. Applications of 2025 programme close on April 15, 2025, with interviews conducted through May. Click here to start your application. 71. What is the main purpose of the AISP? A. To engage students in AI exploration. B. To advocate cooperation in AI research. C. To provide career guidance in AI industry. D. To promote the principles of AI applications. 72. What can students learn from the programme? A. Academic writing on AI development. B. Ways to write an AI research proposal. C. AI skills for solving problems in reality. D. Advanced maths and physics with AI focus. 73. To be considered for the programme, students should . A. pay the tuition fees in advance B. upload a recommendation letter C. submit an online application form in May D. provide school records and a personal statement B I’m walking around the house with a severe limp (跛行) and actively second-guessing every decision I’ ve ever made. That can only mean one thing: I just ran my one race for the year. The 7-mile race is in my hometown in Illinois, and I’ ve been doing it almost every year since I was a 12-year-old boy. I reached my peak about 15 years ago and have been performing poorly ever since. Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly. Besides, I don’t dislike the whole race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ ve known since childhood, and I love the free beer afterward. Running is just a minor block on the way to the good stuff. That day, I was accompanied to the race by a group of three extremely in-shape people. We all live in the same Indianapolis suburb. These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me. I didn’t hold much hope for the race— no one puts less pressure on me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt so good that I wondered why I only do this once a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done. Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line. Still, I can honestly say I gave everything I had. My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir. A day later, even as my entire body tells me I’m an idiot, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided to keep doing this race as long as my legs can support me. 74. The author ran the race because . A. he wanted to keep the old custom B. he wanted to compete with friends C. he intended to build up his body D. he enjoyed long-distance running 75. Why did the author mention the in-shape people? A. To give his reason for low self-expectation. B. To show his envy of their athletic abilities. C. To emphasize his strong will to win the race. D. To express his confidence in finishing the race. 76. What do we know about the author during the race? A. He struggled from beginning to end. B. He broke his leg at the finishing line. C. He experienced pressure from himself. D. He pushed himself to the limits to make it. 77. How did the author feel after the race? A. Surprised. B. Satisfied. C. Regretful. D. Grateful. C Physarum polycephalum, a single-celled slime mold (黏菌), lacks a brain and survives on rotting vegetables, but it may hold valuable insights for city planning, according to the researchers from University of Toronto. This greenish-yellow organism forms a complex network that can transfer nutrients efficiently, which researchers believe could model efficient networks for moving people and goods in urban settings. “Humans aren’t the only ones facing the challenge of designing efficient, tough networks,” says Raphael Kay, a master in engineering. “The slime mold has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of evolution (进化), so in that sense, it is far more experienced at network design than we humans ever could be.” This idea isn’t new. In 2010, Japanese and U. K. researchers created a nutrient layout resembling the Tokyo subway nodes (节点), and the slime mold grew a network similar to the real system. This experiment sparked biologically inspired adaptive network design, leading to studies of rail and road networks using slime molds. Building on this, Kay and an architecture student Anthony developed a computer model that simulates (模拟) slime molds’ network-building process, aimed at architects, city planners, and other professionals. Their model allows users to specify factors like maximum cost or minimum travel time, generating networks that meet these criteria. To test it, they applied the model to Canada’s Wonderland amusement park and Toronto’s subway system. For Wonderland, their network offered 10% faster travel time at the same cost as the existing setup and was 80% more resilient at maintaining functionality if a part was blocked. For Toronto’ s subway, they found that a network with the same travel time as the real one was 40% less easily affected to disruption. While Kay and his team aren’t suggesting a complete redesign of current networks, their model offers insights for improvements. For instance, it could pinpoint the best places to add nodes or help in planning future layouts. The model can also autonomously generate network nodes based on data like population concentration, adapting to serve specific needs. Hatton, a collaborator, believes this tool could benefit diverse fields, not just those related to the movement of people or goods, but also fields like genetic engineering and energy networks, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches. 78. What unique feature of the slime mold interests city planners? A. Its reliance on nutrients to survive. B. Its ability to form efficient networks. C. Its nature to grow in rotting vegetables. D. Its adaptive skill in a new environment. 79. Why does the author mention the experiment with Tokyo’s subway nodes? A. To highlight that the Tokyo subway system is efficient. B. To show that slime molds can recognize urban structures. C. To argue that Tokyo subway system needs to be improved. D. To suggest that slime molds can inspire unban network design. 80. What does the underlined word “resilient” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Reliable. B. Relevant. C. Accurate. D. Advanced. 81. What can we learn from Kay and his team’s model? A. It can be applied beyond transportation. B. It can predict population growth patterns. C. It is limited to networks with simple layouts. D. It is recommended to redesign current networks. D In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s son cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox. It worked and cowpox as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccination”, from the Latin word for cow, soon became commonplace. Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment. Things have changed a lot since Jenner’s time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to conduct this kind of research. Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making someone ill on purpose. But this shouldn’t blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly important weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of diseases jumping from animals into human beings is increasing. Much has been done to reduce the risks of challenge trials. Like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have involved adults who are at a low risk of severe illness. These acts have already cut down a massive range of vaccine candidates. With their help, the world will soon have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens of thousands of newborn babies each year. But not all diseases are like these ones. We don’t always know the dangers volunteers might face; we don’t always have treatments ready. What then? We could, of course, just avoid these questions entirely, and rely on other types of research.But that doesn’t always work: sometimes, animal testing is tricky and uninformative, because the disease doesn‘t develop in the same way as it would in humans. In contrast, challenge trials can be deeply informative within weeks, with far fewer volunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end of last year, as the number of deaths is estimated to have reached about 17.8 million, it’s also estimated that 20 million had been saved by vaccines.In the years to come, they will hopefully save millions more. In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future threats, we should try to get rid of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar part of our tool kits. Perhaps the greatest reward of all would be to make sure participants’ efforts are worthwhile: by designing trials to be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In short, by helping them to save thousands, if not millions of lives. 82. The author tells the story of Edward Jenner mainly to______. A. give a definition of challenge trials B. introduce the topic of challenge trials C. highlight the effectiveness of his vaccine D. explain the origin of the word “vaccination” 83. What can we infer from the passage? A. The issues behind challenge trials can be solved. B. The dangers of challenge trials outweigh the benefits they bring. C. Challenge trials can benefit numerous lives in spite of their risks. D. Challenge trials can set back the development of vaccine technologies. 84. What does the author intend to tell us? A. People should still be careful about challenge trials. B. A more open attitude should be taken towards challenge trials. C. Challenge trials guarantee participants protection against threats. D. More volunteers involved can improve the accuracy of challenge trials. 85. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Should we use challenge trials to find cures? B. Can challenge trials be a block to medical progress? C. Can challenge trials be the end of infectious diseases? D. Should we replace animal testing with challenge trials? E This year, like lots of other people, I’m going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It’s not the first time that I’ve promised myself this. Being a milliner, and an all-round crafty type, I’ve often thought I should put my money where my mouth is. But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight. I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country--making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople--sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I’d pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I’d go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response. My tasks ranged from darning (缝补) a moth-eaten monk’s jumper to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains. I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a WI group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing by the week. Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick. Sue Pilchard is curator (管理者) of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she’ll be putting on the museum’s first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting is wrapped up in how we are redefining ourselves. “There’s certainly a movement, towards a new domesticity. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It’s 40 years since the first women’s liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we’ve been in the workplace, and we’ve had the opportunity of choice. Now we’re deliberately choosing to go back into the home.” Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic bent in everyone. Whether it’s baking mince pies or decking the halls, we’re all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal stocking fillers or small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols, settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You’ll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too! 86. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly because ________ A. she wanted to save money. B. she couldn’t afford to buy one. C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program. D. A lot of people make presents themselves. 87. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author’s trip to Britain? A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain. B. She spent a whole summer in Britain making crafts. C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune. D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves. 88. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain? A. Late Autumn. B. Late Summer. C. Spring. D. Winter. 89. According to the passage, through crafting people learn to ________. A. appreciate the efforts in handmade things. B. keep up with fashion. C. stick to something interesting. D. understand craft better. 90. What is the author’s view on homemade Christmas presents? A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love. B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present. C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make preparations. D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents. 第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题。每小题2分。满分10分） Does Using Technology in the Classroom Help College Students? Almost anywhere in the world, you are likely to find people doing the same thing in public places, on trains and buses or wherever else you look. They spend their day looking at laptop computers, smartphones or other personal electronic devices. They are thinking mainly about their electronic devices, and not much else. ___91___. More and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and immediately opening their laptops. Others may spend an entire study period with a smartphone in hand. ___92___ But recent research suggests that using technology during class time may harm college students’ ability to remember and process the subject material they are learning. Arnold Glass, a professor in Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and a student researcher investigated the issue of divided student attention. During half of their daily class periods, the students in their study were permitted to use any electronic device as much as they wanted. ___93___ The students’ academic performance was measured in several ways throughout the semester. They took a short test every day, longer tests every few weeks and a final exam covering all the class material. The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use of technology. ___94___ They showed that all the students performed poorly on questions covering material taught on days when they were permitted to use technology in the classroom. Glass says that it shows the use of electronic devices in the classroom prevents students from processing information. The students hear what the professor is saying. But they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time, for example. So they are not thinking deeply about the subject matter as they are hearing it. ___95___ A. The same can be said about the world of college education. B. However, the average results of the larger tests and final exam told a different story. C. And that, Glass says, makes it harder for the information to enter their long-term memory. D. Technology, in general, is not the only way that students find to distract themselves in class. E. But even if technology is helpful to some students, there are times when it needs to be turned off. F. Some students argue that the increasing use of technology can have many helpful effects on society. G. During the other half, researchers closely watched them to make sure no one was using any technology. 第四部分：语法填空（每题1.5分，满分15分） A Spring is coming. Everything is waking from its winter sleep. The fields ___96___(dress) in a fresh robe of green. The wild flowers begin to peep forth(隐隐露出). Birds sing among the trees, and begin to get their nests ready ___97___ summer. Men are now sowing seeds in the fields. The days are ___98___(warm), for brighter sunshine has come again. Everything is full of life and joy. B Astronauts are people who go out into space. Being an astronaut is an exciting job. While in space, astronauts can look down and see ___99___（cloud）, land, and water. They can even see the moon up close. Astronauts get the chance ___100___(see) more stars than you or I have ever seen. Being an astronaut may be exciting, ___101___ it is not an easy job. A person who ___102___(want) to be an astronaut has to study for years. There are many things an astronaut must learn to do before going into space. C Today, our class went to “The Fishery”, ___103___ is a local fish store, because we are learning about fish: where they live and how they are different from people. Inside the store it was very dark, except for the bright lights on top of each tank. The girl ___104___(work) in the store told me that the lights are neon, and they are used to show off the bright colours of each fish. Under the lights, the fish were blue, purple, yellow, and green. They ___105___(look) so beautiful that I wanted to take all of them home. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京十五中高三年级阶段测试试卷 英语 2026.08 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，每题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 1. When did the movie begin? A. At 7:45. B. At 7:50. C. At 8:15. 2. What did the woman do? A. She bought a new house. B. She had her house decorated. C. She took a long vacation. 3. What is the woman? A. A coach. B. A doctor. C. A saleswoman. 4. What does the man mean? A. The woman should look on the door. B. The woman should open the door. C. The woman should ask someone else. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. The man’s clothes. B. The man’s brother. C. A shopping experience. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. Who could the man probably be? A. A patient. B. A repairman. C. A house owner. 7. What is the woman’s problem? A. She is too busy. B. She has caught a bad cold. C. She is annoyed at the broken glass. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Colleagues. C. Father and daughter. 9. What is the man going to do next? A. Leave home. B. Go to the office. C. Watch a dance competition. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does Patrick think of the match? A. Just so-so. B. Fantastic. C. Disappointing. 11. What has Jenny been doing recently? A. Playing football. B. Preparing for her exams. C. Taking science classes. 12. Where will the speakers probably go? A. To a college. B. To a stadium. C. To a cafe. 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13. What kind of tour is the speaker conducting? A. A walking tour. B. A cycling tour. C. A bus tour. 14. What was on the site of the Bicentennial Park in the past? A. A sports center. B. Factories. C. Shops. 15. What will the speaker do next? A. Tour around the nature reserve. B. Find the formal gardens. C. Go up The Tower. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 South Coast Gardens Built time 1932 Founder The Gilson 16 Area 17 acres (英亩) Collections Rare books, 18th-century British, European, and American paintings, rare 18 , furniture, etc. Gardens An Eastern tea garden, tropical (热带的) 19 , Southwestern desert, and an English 20 garden 第二部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分） 第一节 词汇填空（共25小题。每小题0.5分，满分12.5分） 1. After a certain age, you have to work hard to keep your ________. A. height B. figure C. expression D. length 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：到了一定年龄之后，你必须努力来保持身材。A. height身高；B. figure身材；C. expression表情；D. length长度。根据句中“After a certain age”以及生活常识可知，人到一定年纪需要努力维持的是身材。 2. I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my ________ one. A. previous B. obvious C. curious D. generous 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很兴奋，因为这所学校在很多方面与我以前的那所学校不同。A. previous以前的；B. obvious明显的；C. curious好奇的；D. generous慷慨的。句中“differ from”意为“与……不同”，此处表示现在的学校与“以前的”学校不同。 3. Actually, I do know I need to ________ myself away from the online world. A. reduce B. supply C. arise D. drag 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：实际上，我确实知道我需要把自己从网络世界中拉出来。A. reduce减少；B. supply供应；C. arise出现；D. drag拖，拉。 根据“myself away from the online world.”可知，此处指把自己从网络世界中拉出来。 4. He ________ himself comfortably in his usual chair and began his reading. A. shared B. achieved C. required D. settled 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：他舒舒服服地坐在他常坐的椅子上，开始阅读。A. shared分享；B. achieved实现；C. required要求；D. settled安顿。句中“settle oneself comfortably in...”为固定搭配，意为“舒舒服服地坐在……”，因此空格处是settled。 5. It is some old-fashioned ________ that make the English poem hard to understand. A. generations B. visions C. expressions D. vocations 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是由于一些老式的表达方式，使得这首英文诗很难理解。A.generations几代人；B. visions视力；C. expressions表达； D. vocations职业。根据“make the English poem hard to understand.”可知，正是由于一些老式的表达方式，使得这首英文诗很难理解。 6. He is a computer ________ and he nearly knows everything about computers. A. expert B. pilot C. architect D. merchant 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：他是一名计算机专家，他几乎了解关于计算机的所有知识。A. expert专家；B. pilot飞行员；C. architect建筑师；D. merchant商人。根据后文“he nearly knows everything about computers”可知，他几乎通晓计算机相关的一切知识，说明他是计算机专家。 7. He was ________ manager of the new workshop because of his strong sense of duty. A. handled B. controlled C. performed D. promoted 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：因为他强烈的责任感，他被提拔为新车间的经理。A. handled处理；B. controlled控制；C. performed执行；D. promoted升职。根据manager of the new workshop可知，此处表示提升为新车间的经理，用promote。 8. The company manages to help each employee to achieve their full ________. A. opportunity B. stress C. potential D. cooperation 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这家公司设法帮助每位员工发挥他们的全部潜力。A. opportunity机会；B. stress压力；C. potential潜力；D. cooperation合作。由help each employee to achieve their full可知，此处表达“帮助每位员工发挥他们的全部潜力”，achieve one’s full potential意为“充分发挥某人的潜力”，因此空格处是potential。 9. A (n) ________ between two cultures may lead to some misunderstanding. A. consequence B. aspect C. conflict D. effect 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：两种文化之间的冲突可能会导致一些误解。A. consequence后果；B. aspect方面；C. conflict冲突；D. effect影响。根据may lead to some misunderstanding可知，两种文化之间的冲突会导致误解。 10. There is no fixed standard to ________ whether a person is a success or a failure. A. assess B. desire C. seek D. abandon 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：没有固定的标准来评估一个人是成功还是失败。A. assess评估；B. desire渴望；C. seek寻找；D. abandon放弃。根据后文“whether a person is a success or a failure.”可知，此处指没有固定的标准来评估一个人是成功还是失败。 11. The information on the Internet ________ so rapidly that it will be known worldwide once released. A. exposes B. spreads C. analyses D. picks 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：互联网上的信息传播得如此之快，以至于一旦发布就会全世界皆知。A. exposes暴露；B. spreads传播；C. analyses分析；D. picks挑选。根据so rapidly that it will be known worldwide once released可知，互联网上的信息传播很快。 12. Many reporters from different media groups competed to ________ the hot issue. A. cover B. appeal C. call D. pull 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：来自不同媒体集团的许多记者争相报道这一热点事件。A. cover报道；B. appeal呼吁；C. call呼叫；D. pull拉。根据句中“Many reporters from different media groups”可知，主语是记者，记者的工作就是报道热点事件。 13. The English ________ of the novel is due for publication next year. A. version B. apartment C. approach D. way 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这部小说的英文版本预计明年出版。A. version版本；B. apartment公寓；C. approach方法；D. way方式。根据后文“of the novel is due for publication next year”可知，小说即将出版，此处指小说的英文版本。 14. She sought a famous literary critic to write a(n) ________ for her new book. A. conductor B. band C. review D. audience 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：她寻找一位著名的文学评论家为她的新书写一篇评论。A. conductor指挥；B. band乐队；C. review评论；D. audience观众。根据sought a famous literary critic可知，此处表示文学评论家帮助写一份评论。 15. You can’t really ________ foreign literature in translation. A. tie B. accuse C. involve D. appreciate 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在翻译作品中你不能真正欣赏到外国文学。A. tie系；B. accuse指控；C. involve包含；D. appreciate欣赏。根据句意和句中“in translation”可知，在翻译作品中不能真正欣赏到外国文学的美妙之处。 16. I am always ________ in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I am interested in after school. A. attentive B. attractive C. competitive D. respective 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我总是在所有课上专心听讲，积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多的空闲时间做我感兴趣的其他事情。A. attentive专心的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. competitive竞争的；D. respective分别的。 空格处与“think actively”并列，表示上课专心。 17. ________ is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness. A. Stress B. Balance C. Combination D. Assignment 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：压力往往是发展长期疾病的一个因素。A. Stress压力；B. Balance平衡；C. Combination结合；D. Assignment任务。根据后文“a factor in the development of long-term sickness”可知，此处指造成长期疾病的诱因，“压力”符合语境。 18. The power and water supplies were ________, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook. A. unnecessary B. unstable C. unbelievable D. unpredictable 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：水电供应不稳定，所以他只能每三四天洗一次澡，而且他不得不学习如何做饭。 A. unnecessary不必要的；B. unstable不稳定的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. unpredictable不可预测的。根据“so he could only shower every three or four days”可知，水电供应是不稳定的。 19. A ceremony will be held to ________ the 50th anniversary of the end of the war. A. behave B. fight C. mark D. charge 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：一场仪式将会举办，以此纪念战争结束50周年。A. behave表现；B. fight战斗；C. mark纪念，标志；D. charge收费，指控。根据句中“ceremony”和“50th anniversary”可知，仪式是用来纪念周年的。 20. When the storm ________, there were crashes of thunder coming one right after another. A. struck B. blamed C. accused D. interrupted 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：当暴风雨来袭时，雷声一阵紧接着一阵轰隆作响。A. struck袭来，撞击；B. blamed责备；C. accused指控；D. interrupted打断。根据后文“there were crashes of thunder coming one right after another”可知，雷声接连响起，说明暴风雨来临了。 21. My parents have opened an ________ for me to save my lucky money of each year. A. resource B. account C. license D. budget 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我父母为我开了一个账户，用来存我每年的压岁钱。A. resource资源；B. account账户；C. license执照；D. budget预算。根据后文“save my lucky money of each year.”可知，此处指开了一个账户。 22. She now has ________ over the people who used to be her bosses. A. authority B. passport C. permission D. remark 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：她现在对那些曾经是她上司的人拥有管辖权。A. authority权力；B. passport护照；C. permission允许；D. remark评论。根据over the people who used to be her bosses可知，她现在对那些曾经是她上司的人拥有管辖权。have authority over sb“对某人有管辖权；掌控某人”。 23. Police are trying to discover the ________ of a baby found by the side of a road. A. certificate B. identity C. reference D. occasion 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：警方正在试图查明在路边发现的婴儿的身份。A. certificate证明；B. identity身份；C. reference参考；D. occasion场合。根据a baby found by the side of a road可知，警方在路边发现不明婴儿时，首先要查明的是婴儿的身份。 24. The president issued a formal ________ on television last night. A. dictation B. declaration C. translation D. modernization 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：总统昨晚在电视上发表了一份正式声明。A. dictation听写；B. declaration声明，宣告；C. translation翻译；D. modernization现代化。根据句中“The president”以及“formal”可知，此处指总统发表正式声明。 25. The soldiers bravely fought against the enemies for the ________ of their homeland. A. participation B. conference C. honor D. confidence 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：士兵们为了祖国的荣誉英勇地与敌人作战。A. participation参与；B. conference会议；C. honor荣誉；D. confidence信心。根据“bravely fought against the enemies”和“their homeland”可知，士兵们英勇作战是为了保卫祖国的荣誉。 第二节 语法填空（共25小题。每小题0.5分，满分12.5分） 26. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：做志愿者工作给你一个改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。名词chance后面通常用动词不定式作后置定语。故选D。 27. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态与语态。句意：在过去的几年里，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。over the past years表示的是从过去到现在的动作，所以句子用现在完成时；Shakespeare’s play Hamlet与谓语make为被动关系，因此选择现在完成时被动语态。故选C。 28. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在发现课程非常难的同时，她决定转移到较低层次。find与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动和进行，做伴随状语。故选B。 【点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是做伴随状语，she和find是主动关系，用现在分词做状语。 29. I have an appointment________Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. A. to B. off C. with D. from 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：我和史密斯医生有个预约，但我需要改期。have an appointment with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人有个约定/预约”，因此空格处是介词with，故选C。 30. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以得到保护。先行词为parks，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D。 31. When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到路上被雪覆盖时，我们决定在家里度假。此处用非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系，构成短语see sb/ sth done。故选D。 32. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：我假期里带着我的驾驶证，以免我想租车。A以免，万一；B即使；C自从；D以便。这里指带驾照以防要租车。故选A。 33. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：让这本书出色的地方是作者富有创造力的想象。is之前为主语从句，主语从句中缺主语，指的是事物，用what，故选B。 【点睛】 34. --- So what is the procedure? --- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：————那么，程序是怎样的呢？——在管理局做出最终决定之前，所有申请人都会接受面试。applicant申请人和interview面试之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，因此排除A和B项。根据问句，“那么，程序是怎样的呢？”可知，整个过程还尚未开始，D项是现在进行时，表示正在发生，因此排除D项，此处用一般现在时强调客观性，故选C。 【考点定位】考察时态语态。 35. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：专家们相信，人们只有当有必要购物时去买东西，这样才可以少浪费食物。believe后跟宾语从句，且宾语从句句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C项。 36. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：约翰向医生许诺将不吸烟，而且从那以后就没有再吸烟。could是can的过去式，表示“能够，可以，推测”等意义，而would 表示“将，愿意”。根据句意“约翰向医生许诺将不吸烟，而且从那以后就没有再吸烟”。故选D。 37. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：——你给Fred回电话了吗？——我没必要，因为明天我要去见他。A. though虽然；B.unless除非；C.when当……时；D.because因为。分析句意可知，本句为原因状语从句。故选B项。 38. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到她要睡觉了，我问她是否喜欢她床上的那个小娃娃。分析句子可知，“(See) that she was going off to sleep,”在句中作时间状语，动词see是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，且“see”和主句谓语动词“asked”同时发生，应用现在分词形式，表主动和同时发生。故选A项。 39. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：在一个父母都不会说英语的家庭里，他很难学会英语。A. none三者或三者以上都不；B. neither 两者都不；C. both 两者都；D. each每个。根据“It was hard for him to learn English in a family”以及“the parents”可知，neither “两者都不”。故选B项。 40. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels. A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态辨析。句意：这家旅馆不是特别好。但是我住过很多更差的旅馆。从句意可知动词stay是发生在说话之前，这家旅馆不是特别好用的一般过去时，故stay表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选D。 41. I’ll give you my friend’s home address ______ I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我给你我朋友的家庭住址，晚上大部分时间在那里都能联系到我。home address为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故选D项。 42. No decision __about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在所有候选人面试完毕之前，不会对未来的任何任命做出决定。主语是decision和动词make是动宾关系，所以用被动式，因为后面的句子about any future appointment可以知道动作未发生，所以用将来时的被动语态。故选A。 43. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：众公司正在齐心协力地工作，以创造出它们希望会是21世纪最佳运输方式（的东西）。此题考查宾语从句的引导词.1.to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century为不定式短语,做主句的目的状语从句.其中create后面为宾语从句.2.宾语从句中,忽略插入语they hope,即从句变成：______ will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.很明显,该从句缺少一个表sth的主语,所以只能用what来代替并引导该宾语从句。故选C项。 44. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ____ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：如果你真的必须在会议期间离开，你最好通过后门离开。介词by表示“通过”，for 表示“目的”，across 表示“横穿”，out 表示“在外面”。开会期间离开最后通过后门离开。故选B。 45. I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time ________ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：对不起让你久等了，但是还得再过一段时间Brian才回来。it will be+一段时间+before...为固定句型，意为“要过多久……才……”。故选A。 46. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ______ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：值得考虑是什么使快餐食品如此受欢迎，也值得介绍你自己觉得较好的快餐食品。根据and 可知空格处和 considering构成并列关系。结合be worth doing(值得做）可知空格处要用动名词。故选C。 47. During the Spring Festival this year, many people _________ to foreign countries for a holiday. A. flew B. have flown C. had flown D. fly 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：今年春节期间，许多人飞往国外度假。句中的时间状语“During the Spring Festival this year(今年春节期间)”表示过去某个具体的时间段，说明动作已经发生并结束，因此谓语动词需用一般过去时。动词fly的过去式为flew。 48. Apple Company has begun its Apple Pay service, _________ you can buy what you need more quickly and conveniently. A. for B. or C. so D. but 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：苹果公司已经开始提供Apple Pay服务，因此你可以更快捷、更方便地购买你需要的东西。A. for因为；B. or或者；C. so所以；D. but但是。空格前后两个分句之间为因果逻辑关系，前句为因（提供服务），后句为果（购物更快捷方便），应用表示结果的连词so。 49. Nowadays more and more people _________ clothes online to save time and money and there will be more in the future. A. bought B. had bought C. will buy D. are buying 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：如今越来越多的人在网上买衣服以节省时间和金钱，而且未来会有更多。根据句中的时间状语“Nowadays”以及“more and more”表示现阶段正在不断发展的趋势，应用现在进行时。 50. My teacher helped me a lot with my English last term, _________ made my mother moved. A. who B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的老师上学期在英语方面帮了我很多，这让我妈妈很感动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句“My teacher helped me a lot with my English last term”，且关系词在从句中作主语，指代前面整件事情，需用关系代词which引导。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题。每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的题号涂黑。 A As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ____51____ this summer. I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ____52____, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ____53____ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ____54____ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community. The response to my business was ____55____. On the first three days alone, I made $406.Thai initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ____56____ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the centre, grateful for the charging service, ____57____ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others. The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ____58____ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which ____59____ my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities. The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these _____60_____ lessons have set a stage for the future. 51. A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science 52. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable 53. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address 54. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide 55. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing 56. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear 57. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed 58. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit 59. A. estimated B. provided C. doubled D. reduced 60. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural 【答案】51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了在大学前积累市场相关经验，开始创业经营充电站的过程和感悟。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渴望在大学前获得与市场相关的经验，今年夏天我踏入了商业世界。A. medicine医学；B. literature文学；C. business商业；D. science科学。根据上文“Eager to gain market-related experience”可知，作者想要获得与市场相关的经验，因此踏入了商业世界。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我的社区存在一个问题：电力供应不可靠，经常不足，导致频繁停电，影响日常生活。A. reliable可靠的；B. private私人的；C. affordable负担得起的；D. renewable可再生的。根据下文“often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts”可知，电力供应不足，导致频繁停电，说明电力供应不可靠。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这产生了对充电站的明显需求，所以我决定开设一个来解决这个问题。A. discuss讨论；B. raise提高；C. report报告；D. address解决。根据上文“This created a clear need for a charging station”可知，社区需要充电站，所以作者决定开设一个来解决这个问题。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个最初只是为了为大学做准备的项目，很快变成了一个有意义的项目，塑造了我对商业如何不仅能满足实际需求，还能在社区中产生持久影响的理解。A. promote促进；B. replace替换；C. meet满足；D. guide指导。根据下文“practical needs”可知，此处指满足实际需求。故选C。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生意反响令人难以置信。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. strange奇怪的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“On the first three days alone, I made $406.”可知，作者三天就赚了406美元，说明生意反响令人难以置信。故选B。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一初步的成功不仅仅是鼓舞人心的——它证明了我正在解决一个真正的问题，而且我的服务有市场。A. proof证明；B. doubt怀疑；C. hope希望；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services”可知，作者的生意成功证明了他正在解决一个真正的问题，而且他的服务有市场。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们涌入中心，对充电服务表示感谢，这证实了我的信念：商业就是满足需求，为他人服务。A. confused使困惑；B. challenged挑战；C. confirmed证实；D. changed改变。根据下文“my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others”可知，人们的反应证实了作者对商业的信念。故选C。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我需要资金来创业时，我与亲戚谈判，让他们给我两头牛，然后我把牛卖掉来筹集资金。A. income收入；B. capital资金；C. price价格；D. profit利润。根据下文“which I then sold to raise funds”可知，作者卖掉牛来筹集资金，说明他创业时需要资金。故选B。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还利用技术技能自己处理电工工作，这降低了我的创业成本。A. estimated估计；B. provided提供；C. doubled加倍；D. reduced减少。根据上文“I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself”可知，作者自己处理电工工作，这降低了他的创业成本。故选D。 【60题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我可以看到这些实践课程如何为未来奠定了基础。A. practical实际的；B. classic经典的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文作者创业的经历可知，作者从中学到了实际的经验，这些实践课程为他的未来奠定了基础。故选A。 B The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He ____61____ me with a puzzle — all because he waved to me like someone does on seeing a close friend. A big, bright smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to ____62____ his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had mistaken me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the conclusion that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends. Then one day the ____63____ was solved. As I ____64____ the school he was standing in the middle of the road ____65____ his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. Once the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars through. To the first he waved and ____66____ in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same ____67____ from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking (表情刻板的) businessman, gave a brief, almost ____68____ wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school responded more heartily. Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest. So far I haven’t seen anyone ____69____ to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a (n) ____70____ to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the feelings of the whole neighbourhood. 61. A. disappointed B. hit C. presented D. bored 62. A. research B. study C. recognize D. explore 63. A. argument B. disagreement C. mystery D. task 64. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left 65. A. drawing back B. holding out C. handing in D. putting on 66. A. cried B. cheered C. gestured D. smiled 67. A. greeting B. reply C. notice D. idea 68. A. elegant B. angry C. awkward D. patient 69. A. fail B. try C. wish D. bother 70. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference 【答案】61. C 62. B 63. C 64. B 65. B 66. D 67. A 68. C 69. A 70. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是作者偶然发现学校的交通协管员每天会像老友一样，微笑着向开车送孩子上学的司机挥手。一个简单温暖的微笑和挥手，给许多人的清晨带来好心情。 【61题详解】 考查动词‌。句意：他让我心生疑惑——他朝我挥手的样子，就像见到密友时的举动一样。A. disappointed使失望；B. hit击打；C. presented使产生（某种感受）；D. bored使厌烦。根据后文“a puzzle”可知，他的举动给作者带来了困惑感，present sb. with sth.是固定搭配，表示“给某人带来某物”。 【62题详解】 考查动词‌。句意：接下来的几天里，我仔细端详他的脸，想确认自己是否认识他。A. research研究；B. study端详、仔细察看；C. recognize认出；D. explore探索。根据后文“to see if I knew him”可知，作者是反复观察他的面部特征来判断是否相识，study侧重专注地细看。 【63题详解】 考查名词‌。句意：后来有一天，这个谜团解开了。A. argument争论；B. disagreement分歧；C. mystery谜团；D. task任务。前文提到作者一直困惑那个人为什么像老朋友一样和作者打招呼，这个未解的疑问对应mystery，后文的真相揭晓也呼应了“谜团被解开”的描述。 【64题详解】 考查动词‌。句意：当我驶近学校时，他正站在路中间举着停止通行的标志牌。A. visited拜访；B. approached靠近、驶近；C. passed经过；D. left离开。结合前文“drove my son to school”的场景，作者是在开车前往学校、逐渐靠近校门的过程中看到那个人的，approached符合通勤送孩子的行进逻辑。 【65题详解】 考查动词短语‌。句意：当我驶近学校时，他正站在路中间举着停止通行的标志牌。A. drawing back后退；B. holding out举着、伸出；C. handing in上交；D. putting on穿上。根据后文“he lowered his sign and let the cars through”可知，他之前是举着标志牌拦停车辆，holding out符合交通协管员的工作动作。 【66题详解】 考查动词‌。句意：他对着第一辆车的司机挥手微笑，和前几天对我做的动作一模一样。A. cried哭喊；B. cheered欢呼；C. gestured打手势；D. smiled微笑。根据第一段“A big, bright smile accompanied his wave”可知，他挥手时总是伴着灿烂的笑容，这里的动作和之前保持一致，smiled完全呼应前文细节。 【67题详解】 考查名词‌。句意：第二辆车也收到了交通协管员同样的问候，那位表情刻板的商人司机只简短地、几乎略显尴尬地回挥了一下手。A. greeting问候；B. reply回复；C. notice通知；D. idea想法。根据上文“To the first he waved and ___ in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days”可知，协管员的挥手微笑是向每一位过路司机传递友好的问候，greeting精准对应这个友好互动的行为。 【68题详解】 考查形容词‌。句意：第二辆车也收到了交通协管员同样的问候，那位表情刻板的商人司机只简短地、几乎略显尴尬地回挥了一下手。A. elegant优雅的；B. angry生气的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. patient耐心的。根据上文“the driver, a stiff-looking (表情刻板的) businessman”可知，这位司机本身表情刻板，不习惯这种突如其来的热情问候，所以他的回礼会显得生硬又尴尬，awkward符合人物状态。 【69题详解】 考查动词‌。句意：到目前为止，我还没见过有谁不挥手回应的。A. fail未能（做某事）；B. try尝试；C. wish希望；D. bother费心做。根据上文“Each following car of kids on their way to school responded more heartily.”可知，这里指没有任何人不回应协管员的友好示意，fail to do意为“未能做某事”。 【70题详解】 考查名词‌。句意：我觉得很有意思的是，一个人仅仅通过挥手和热情微笑这样简单的举动，就能给这么多人的生活带来如此大的影响。A. offer提议；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. promise承诺；D. difference影响、改变。根据后文“changed the feelings of the whole neighbourhood”可知，那个人的举动对人们的生活带来了改变，造成了影响，make a difference意为“带来改变，产生影响”。 第三部分 阅读理解（共25小题。每小题2分，满分50分） 第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） A The AI Scholars Programme (AISP) offers high school students worldwide a four-week, on-campus experience in artificial intelligence (AI) at Westbridge Technology University (WTU), connecting them with leading AI researchers. This fully-funded programme covers course fees, housing and programme-related field trips. Course Plan A virtual Python preparation course begins one month prior to the start of the campus programme. Coding experience is not required, and instructor support will be available for all students. Core academic modules include lectures on using AI fairly and safely, along with in-depth seminars led by WTU teaching staff that explore current AI research projects. Students will apply newly acquired AI skills to real-world challenges in a hands-on group project, which will be presented at the AISP closing ceremony. Site visits with industry leaders are also included to explore emerging career paths in the AI field, along with academic writing workshops for college application. Application Requirements Students applying for AISP must be at least 16 years old. The complete application for AISP will consist of： an online application form; official high school records of academic performance and extra-curricular activities; a personal statement demonstrating curiosity in AI research and commitment to socially responsible innovation. Applicants are strongly encouraged to submit a one-page maximum summary of the research proposal, clarifying how the project uses AI, its importance and intended outcomes. This will provide valuable information about the applicant’s research potential, technical skills, and ability to plan and communicate their research goals. Applications of 2025 programme close on April 15, 2025, with interviews conducted through May. Click here to start your application. 71. What is the main purpose of the AISP? A. To engage students in AI exploration. B. To advocate cooperation in AI research. C. To provide career guidance in AI industry. D. To promote the principles of AI applications. 72. What can students learn from the programme? A. Academic writing on AI development. B. Ways to write an AI research proposal. C. AI skills for solving problems in reality. D. Advanced maths and physics with AI focus. 73. To be considered for the programme, students should . A. pay the tuition fees in advance B. upload a recommendation letter C. submit an online application form in May D. provide school records and a personal statement 【答案】71. A 72. C 73. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了西桥科技大学的 AI 学者项目，含课程计划、申请要求，旨在让高中生体验 AI，项目全资助，2025 年 4 月 15 日截止申请 。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The AI Scholars Programme (AISP) offers high school students worldwide a four-week, on-campus experience in artificial intelligence (AI) at Westbridge Technology University (WTU), connecting them with leading AI researchers.(人工学者项目（AISP）为全球高中生提供为期四周的Westbridge Technology University（WTU）人工智能校园体验，将他们与领先的AI研究人员联系起来)”可知，整个项目围绕让学生体验和探索 AI 展开，其主要目的是让学生参与到AI 探索中。故选A项。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据Course Plan部分“Students will apply newly acquired AI skills to real-world challenges in a hands-on group project, which will be presented at the AISP closing ceremony.(学生将在AISP闭幕式上展示的实践小组项目中，将新获得的人工智能技能应用于现实世界的挑战)”可知，学生们将在一个实际操作的小组项目中，把新学到的人工智能技能应用到现实世界的挑战中，这表明学生可以从该项目中学到用于解决现实问题的 AI 技能。故选C项。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据Application Requirements部分“ The complete application for AISP will consist of : an online application form; official high school records of academic performance and extra-curricular activities; a personal statement demonstrating curiosity in AI research and commitment to socially responsible innovation.(申请AISP的学生必须年满16岁。AISP的完整申请将包括：在线申请表；官方高中学业成绩和课外活动记录；一份个人陈述，展示了对人工智能研究的好奇心和对社会责任创新的承诺)”可知，要申请该项目，学生应该提供学校记录和个人陈述。故选D项。 B I’m walking around the house with a severe limp (跛行) and actively second-guessing every decision I’ ve ever made. That can only mean one thing: I just ran my one race for the year. The 7-mile race is in my hometown in Illinois, and I’ ve been doing it almost every year since I was a 12-year-old boy. I reached my peak about 15 years ago and have been performing poorly ever since. Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly. Besides, I don’t dislike the whole race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ ve known since childhood, and I love the free beer afterward. Running is just a minor block on the way to the good stuff. That day, I was accompanied to the race by a group of three extremely in-shape people. We all live in the same Indianapolis suburb. These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me. I didn’t hold much hope for the race— no one puts less pressure on me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt so good that I wondered why I only do this once a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done. Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line. Still, I can honestly say I gave everything I had. My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir. A day later, even as my entire body tells me I’m an idiot, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided to keep doing this race as long as my legs can support me. 74. The author ran the race because . A. he wanted to keep the old custom B. he wanted to compete with friends C. he intended to build up his body D. he enjoyed long-distance running 75. Why did the author mention the in-shape people? A. To give his reason for low self-expectation. B. To show his envy of their athletic abilities. C. To emphasize his strong will to win the race. D. To express his confidence in finishing the race. 76. What do we know about the author during the race? A. He struggled from beginning to end. B. He broke his leg at the finishing line. C. He experienced pressure from himself. D. He pushed himself to the limits to make it. 77. How did the author feel after the race? A. Surprised. B. Satisfied. C. Regretful. D. Grateful. 【答案】74. A 75. A 76. D 77. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。 【74题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly.( 如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗。故选A。 【75题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me.( 这些人日复一日地骑行和跑步，里程数多达数百公里。其中一人已经完成了数十场斯巴达勇士赛，这些比赛要求参赛者穿越泥潭，翻转轮胎和投掷长矛。还有一个人正在为一场铁人三项赛做准备。除了在陆地、水域和骑行方面比我跑得快，他还能比我举得更重。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。 【76题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。 【77题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir.( 我缓慢、步履艰难的完赛实际上是一场胜利，证明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一个巨大的杯子来纪念我的英雄事迹。我疼痛的膝盖足以作为纪念。)”可知，尽管作者身体疼痛，但作者仍然认为比赛是成功的，因为他已经竭尽全力，故推断作者在比赛结束后是十分满意的。故选B。 C Physarum polycephalum, a single-celled slime mold (黏菌), lacks a brain and survives on rotting vegetables, but it may hold valuable insights for city planning, according to the researchers from University of Toronto. This greenish-yellow organism forms a complex network that can transfer nutrients efficiently, which researchers believe could model efficient networks for moving people and goods in urban settings. “Humans aren’t the only ones facing the challenge of designing efficient, tough networks,” says Raphael Kay, a master in engineering. “The slime mold has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of evolution (进化), so in that sense, it is far more experienced at network design than we humans ever could be.” This idea isn’t new. In 2010, Japanese and U. K. researchers created a nutrient layout resembling the Tokyo subway nodes (节点), and the slime mold grew a network similar to the real system. This experiment sparked biologically inspired adaptive network design, leading to studies of rail and road networks using slime molds. Building on this, Kay and an architecture student Anthony developed a computer model that simulates (模拟) slime molds’ network-building process, aimed at architects, city planners, and other professionals. Their model allows users to specify factors like maximum cost or minimum travel time, generating networks that meet these criteria. To test it, they applied the model to Canada’s Wonderland amusement park and Toronto’s subway system. For Wonderland, their network offered 10% faster travel time at the same cost as the existing setup and was 80% more resilient at maintaining functionality if a part was blocked. For Toronto’ s subway, they found that a network with the same travel time as the real one was 40% less easily affected to disruption. While Kay and his team aren’t suggesting a complete redesign of current networks, their model offers insights for improvements. For instance, it could pinpoint the best places to add nodes or help in planning future layouts. The model can also autonomously generate network nodes based on data like population concentration, adapting to serve specific needs. Hatton, a collaborator, believes this tool could benefit diverse fields, not just those related to the movement of people or goods, but also fields like genetic engineering and energy networks, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches. 78. What unique feature of the slime mold interests city planners? A. Its reliance on nutrients to survive. B. Its ability to form efficient networks. C. Its nature to grow in rotting vegetables. D. Its adaptive skill in a new environment. 79. Why does the author mention the experiment with Tokyo’s subway nodes? A. To highlight that the Tokyo subway system is efficient. B. To show that slime molds can recognize urban structures. C. To argue that Tokyo subway system needs to be improved. D. To suggest that slime molds can inspire unban network design. 80. What does the underlined word “resilient” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Reliable. B. Relevant. C. Accurate. D. Advanced. 81. What can we learn from Kay and his team’s model? A. It can be applied beyond transportation. B. It can predict population growth patterns. C. It is limited to networks with simple layouts. D. It is recommended to redesign current networks. 【答案】78. B 79. D 80. A 81. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了来自多伦多大学的研究人员如何从单细胞黏菌的网络结构中得到启发，用于城市规划和网络设计。 【78题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This greenish-yellow organism forms a complex network that can transfer nutrients efficiently, which researchers believe could model efficient networks for moving people and goods in urban settings.(这种绿黄色的生物形成了一个可以有效传输营养的复杂网络，研究人员认为可以为在城市环境中转移人员和货物提供高效的网络模型)”可知，黏菌形成高效网络的能力引起了城市规划者的兴趣。故选B。 【79题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This experiment sparked biologically inspired adaptive network design, leading to studies of rail and road networks using slime molds.(这一实验引发了生物启发的自适应网络设计，导致了对使用黏菌研究铁路和道路网络的研究) ”可知，提到东京的地铁节点实验是为了表明黏菌可以激发城市网络设计的灵感。故选D。 【80题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“For Wonderland, their network offered 10% faster travel time at the same cost as the existing setup and was 80% more resilient at maintaining functionality if a part was blocked.(对于Wonderland amusement park，他们的网络在成本不变的情况下提供了10%的更快旅行时间，并且如果一部分被阻塞，它在保持功能方面的resilient提高了80%。）可知，这里的“resilient”是指这个网络体系在受阻时保持功能的能力，即可靠的。故选A。 【81题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hatton, a collaborator, believes this tool could benefit diverse fields, not just those related to the movement of people or goods, but also fields like genetic engineering and energy networks, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches.(合作者哈顿认为，这种工具可以使不同的领域受益，不仅仅是那些与人员或货物流动有关的领域，还包括基因工程和能源网络等领域，强调了跨学科方法的重要性) ”可知，Kay和他团队的模型不仅可以应用于交通领域。故选A。 D In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s son cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox. It worked and cowpox as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccination”, from the Latin word for cow, soon became commonplace. Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment. Things have changed a lot since Jenner’s time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to conduct this kind of research. Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making someone ill on purpose. But this shouldn’t blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly important weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of diseases jumping from animals into human beings is increasing. Much has been done to reduce the risks of challenge trials. Like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have involved adults who are at a low risk of severe illness. These acts have already cut down a massive range of vaccine candidates. With their help, the world will soon have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens of thousands of newborn babies each year. But not all diseases are like these ones. We don’t always know the dangers volunteers might face; we don’t always have treatments ready. What then? We could, of course, just avoid these questions entirely, and rely on other types of research.But that doesn’t always work: sometimes, animal testing is tricky and uninformative, because the disease doesn‘t develop in the same way as it would in humans. In contrast, challenge trials can be deeply informative within weeks, with far fewer volunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end of last year, as the number of deaths is estimated to have reached about 17.8 million, it’s also estimated that 20 million had been saved by vaccines.In the years to come, they will hopefully save millions more. In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future threats, we should try to get rid of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar part of our tool kits. Perhaps the greatest reward of all would be to make sure participants’ efforts are worthwhile: by designing trials to be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In short, by helping them to save thousands, if not millions of lives. 82. The author tells the story of Edward Jenner mainly to______. A. give a definition of challenge trials B. introduce the topic of challenge trials C. highlight the effectiveness of his vaccine D. explain the origin of the word “vaccination” 83. What can we infer from the passage? A. The issues behind challenge trials can be solved. B. The dangers of challenge trials outweigh the benefits they bring. C. Challenge trials can benefit numerous lives in spite of their risks. D. Challenge trials can set back the development of vaccine technologies. 84. What does the author intend to tell us? A. People should still be careful about challenge trials. B. A more open attitude should be taken towards challenge trials. C. Challenge trials guarantee participants protection against threats. D. More volunteers involved can improve the accuracy of challenge trials. 85. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Should we use challenge trials to find cures? B. Can challenge trials be a block to medical progress? C. Can challenge trials be the end of infectious diseases? D. Should we replace animal testing with challenge trials? 【答案】82. B 83. C 84. B 85. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效益。 【82题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s son cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that people who were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox.(18世纪70年代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)的英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。 【83题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making someone ill on purpose.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“But this shouldn’t blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly important weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of diseases jumping from animals into human beings is increasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。 【84题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future threats, we should try to get rid of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar part of our tool kits. Perhaps the greatest reward of all would be to make sure participants’ efforts are worthwhile: by designing trials to be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In short, by helping them to save thousands, if not millions of lives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。故选B项。 【85题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment. Things have changed a lot since Jenner’s time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to conduct this kind of research. Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making someone ill on purpose.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Should we use challenge trials to find cures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。 E This year, like lots of other people, I’m going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It’s not the first time that I’ve promised myself this. Being a milliner, and an all-round crafty type, I’ve often thought I should put my money where my mouth is. But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight. I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country--making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople--sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I’d pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I’d go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response. My tasks ranged from darning (缝补) a moth-eaten monk’s jumper to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains. I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a WI group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing by the week. Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick. Sue Pilchard is curator (管理者) of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she’ll be putting on the museum’s first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting is wrapped up in how we are redefining ourselves. “There’s certainly a movement, towards a new domesticity. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It’s 40 years since the first women’s liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we’ve been in the workplace, and we’ve had the opportunity of choice. Now we’re deliberately choosing to go back into the home.” Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic bent in everyone. Whether it’s baking mince pies or decking the halls, we’re all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal stocking fillers or small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols, settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You’ll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too! 86. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly because ________ A. she wanted to save money. B. she couldn’t afford to buy one. C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program. D. A lot of people make presents themselves. 87. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author’s trip to Britain? A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain. B. She spent a whole summer in Britain making crafts. C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune. D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves. 88. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain? A. Late Autumn. B. Late Summer. C. Spring. D. Winter. 89. According to the passage, through crafting people learn to ________. A. appreciate the efforts in handmade things. B. keep up with fashion. C. stick to something interesting. D. understand craft better. 90. What is the author’s view on homemade Christmas presents? A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love. B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present. C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make preparations. D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents. 【答案】86. C 87. D 88. A 89. A 90. D 【解析】 【导语】本文通过自身经历，介绍当下手工制作热度回升，人们愈发喜爱动手创作。手工不仅是潮流，也让人们懂得珍惜劳动与品质，还反映出人们生活观念的改变。作者鼓励大家动手制作简单的圣诞礼物，以此传递温情。 【86题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight.(但今年我真的要坚持做到。一方面是因为我手头拮据，另一方面，我刚结束一趟启发良多的英国之行，为英国广播公司二台《新闻之夜》栏目调研“修旧利废、物尽其用”的主题。)”可知，作者今年承诺要自己制作一份圣诞礼物，主要是因为她受到BBC2节目旅行的启发。 【87题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things.(人们对手工制作日益高涨的热情让我感触很深。)”可知，作者在英国旅行时发现许多人表现出对亲手制作的兴趣。 【88题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task.(可当我敲定计划、踏上旅途的时候，脚下的落叶已经踩得沙沙作响。寒冬将至，再露营简直荒唐；于是《新闻之夜》的观众为我提供食宿，而我则要帮忙做手工活作为回报。)”可知，作者去英国旅行的时间可能是在深秋。 【89题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again.(目前，手工艺确实正流行起来。但除了时尚之外，我们正在重新学会欣赏努力与品质。)”可知，通过手工制作，人们可以学会欣赏手工艺品背后的努力。 【90题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic bent in everyone.(无论你是否认同这一观点，圣诞节总能唤起每个人内心的艺术天赋。)”可知，作者对自制圣诞礼物的看法是人们可以在制作圣诞礼物的过程中发现自己的艺术天赋。 第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题。每小题2分。满分10分） Does Using Technology in the Classroom Help College Students? Almost anywhere in the world, you are likely to find people doing the same thing in public places, on trains and buses or wherever else you look. They spend their day looking at laptop computers, smartphones or other personal electronic devices. They are thinking mainly about their electronic devices, and not much else. ___91___. More and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and immediately opening their laptops. Others may spend an entire study period with a smartphone in hand. ___92___ But recent research suggests that using technology during class time may harm college students’ ability to remember and process the subject material they are learning. Arnold Glass, a professor in Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and a student researcher investigated the issue of divided student attention. During half of their daily class periods, the students in their study were permitted to use any electronic device as much as they wanted. ___93___ The students’ academic performance was measured in several ways throughout the semester. They took a short test every day, longer tests every few weeks and a final exam covering all the class material. The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use of technology. ___94___ They showed that all the students performed poorly on questions covering material taught on days when they were permitted to use technology in the classroom. Glass says that it shows the use of electronic devices in the classroom prevents students from processing information. The students hear what the professor is saying. But they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time, for example. So they are not thinking deeply about the subject matter as they are hearing it. ___95___ A. The same can be said about the world of college education. B. However, the average results of the larger tests and final exam told a different story. C. And that, Glass says, makes it harder for the information to enter their long-term memory. D. Technology, in general, is not the only way that students find to distract themselves in class. E. But even if technology is helpful to some students, there are times when it needs to be turned off. F. Some students argue that the increasing use of technology can have many helpful effects on society. G. During the other half, researchers closely watched them to make sure no one was using any technology. 【答案】91. A 92. F 93. G 94. B 95. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一片议论文。文章讨论了在课堂上使用科技，对大学生有帮助吗这个话题。 【91题详解】 下文More and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and immediately opening their laptops.说越来越多的大学生毫不费力地走进教室，立刻打开他们的笔记本电脑。该空引出下文，A选项“大学教育的世界也是如此。”切题，故选A。 【92题详解】 上文Others may spend an entire study period with a smartphone in hand.说另一些人可能会在整个学习期间都拿着智能手机。下文 But recent research suggests that using technology during class time may harm college students’ ability to remember and process the subject material they are learning.说但最近的研究表明，在课堂上使用科技可能会损害大学生记忆和处理所学主题材料的能力。该空承上启下，F选项“一些学生认为，技术的日益使用可以对社会产生许多有益的影响。”故选F。 【93题详解】 上文During half of their daily class periods, the students in their study were permitted to use any electronic device as much as they wanted.说在他们每天上课的一半时间里，学生们被允许使用任何他们想要的电子设备。该空承接上文，G选项“在另一半时间里，研究人员密切观察他们，以确保没有人在使用任何技术。”切题，故选G。 【94题详解】 上文The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use of technology. 说研究人员发现，平均每天的测验结果显示，没有证据表明使用科技产品会产生有害影响。下文They showed that all the students performed poorly on questions covering material taught on days when they were permitted to use technology in the classroom.说他们发现，在涉及到被允许在课堂上使用技术的日子里，所有学生都表现不佳。该空承上启下，B选项“然而，大型考试和期末考试的平均成绩却不尽相同。”切题，故选B。 【95题详解】 上文But they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time, for example. So they are not thinking deeply about the subject matter as they are hearing it.说但他们可能会在网上购物或同时阅读不相关的电子邮件。所以他们并没有像他们听到的那样深入思考这个主题。该空承接上文，C选项“这使得信息更难进入他们的长期记忆。”切题，故选C。 第四部分：语法填空（每题1.5分，满分15分） A Spring is coming. Everything is waking from its winter sleep. The fields ___96___(dress) in a fresh robe of green. The wild flowers begin to peep forth(隐隐露出). Birds sing among the trees, and begin to get their nests ready ___97___ summer. Men are now sowing seeds in the fields. The days are ___98___(warm), for brighter sunshine has come again. Everything is full of life and joy. 【答案】96. are dressed 97. for 98. warmer 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了春天来到，万物复苏的景象。 【96题详解】 考查时态，语态。田野上穿着一件新鲜的绿色长袍。dress意为“给……穿衣服”。表示“穿着……”，应用be dressed结构。根据前两句可知，该空应用一般现在时态。且主语是复数名词fields，故填are dressed。 【97题详解】 考查介词。ready常和介词for搭配，表示“为……做好准备”，故填介词for。 【98题详解】 考查形容词比较级。根据后面的brighter sunshine可知，该句表达：因为更明亮的阳光又来了，所以天更暖和了。且该空作表语，故填形容词的比较级warmer。 B Astronauts are people who go out into space. Being an astronaut is an exciting job. While in space, astronauts can look down and see ___99___（cloud）, land, and water. They can even see the moon up close. Astronauts get the chance ___100___(see) more stars than you or I have ever seen. Being an astronaut may be exciting, ___101___ it is not an easy job. A person who ___102___(want) to be an astronaut has to study for years. There are many things an astronaut must learn to do before going into space. 【答案】99. clouds 100. to see 101. but 102. wants 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中见到的景象，宇航员工作的特点等相关信息。 【99题详解】 考查名词。该空作see的宾语，应用名词，且空中的云彩不止一朵，故应用名词复数形式。故填clouds。 【100题详解】 考查非谓语动词。the chance后常接动词不定式作定语，故填to see。 【101题详解】 考查连词。前句句意：当宇航员可能是令人兴奋的。空后句意：当宇航员不容易。前后两句之间是转折关系，故填连词but。 【102题详解】 考查主谓一致。who ___4___(want) to be an astronaut是定语从句，修饰a person，引导词在从句中作主语，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填wants。 C Today, our class went to “The Fishery”, ___103___ is a local fish store, because we are learning about fish: where they live and how they are different from people. Inside the store it was very dark, except for the bright lights on top of each tank. The girl ___104___(work) in the store told me that the lights are neon, and they are used to show off the bright colours of each fish. Under the lights, the fish were blue, purple, yellow, and green. They ___105___(look) so beautiful that I wanted to take all of them home. 【答案】103. which 104. working 105. looked 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者和同学们去一个名叫“The Fishery”的鱼店的所见所闻。 【103题详解】 考查定语从句。___1___ is a local fish store是非限制性定语从句，修饰The Fishery，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【104题详解】 考查非谓语动词。“___2___(work) in the store”是定语，修饰the girl，the girl和work之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填working。 【105题详解】 考查时态。根据后面的“I wanted to…”和前文语境可知，该句叙述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时态。故填looked。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $