Unit 3 Celebrations (知识清单) 英语北师大版必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 3 Celebrations知识清单系统梳理“庆祝活动”主题的语言知识与技能，涵盖词汇（阅读/写作/变形/拓展/短语）、语法（被动语态/动词短语）、写作（叙事写作）等核心范畴，搭建从基础积累到语用能力的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（如ion后缀名词、“说”法荟萃）、关联对比（易错点scare/scared/scary配速记口诀）、分步指导（写作“句式升级”步骤）构建知识体系，培养语言能力与思维品质。设“即时训练”“课文语法填空”等实用模块，助力学生自主学习，为教师提供精准教学资源。

Unit 3 Celebrations 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1．dragon n. 龙 2．barbecue n. 烧烤野餐 3．lantern n. 灯笼，提灯 4．turkey n. 火鸡 5．monster n. 怪兽，怪物 6．flight n. 航班 7．wine n. 葡萄酒 8．accent n. 口音 9．hotpot n. 火锅 10．firecracker n. 鞭炮，爆竹 11．buzz vi. 闹哄哄，喧闹 12．beer n. 啤酒 13．studio n. 录音室 14．jeans n. 牛仔裤 15．stocking n. 长筒袜 16．envelope n. 信封 17．lap n. 大腿部 18．ballet n. 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演 19．downstairs adv. 往楼下，在楼下 二、写作词汇： 1．adult n. 成人，成年人 2．immediately adv. 即刻，马上 3．snack n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心 4．character n. 字，字体；人物，角色 5．attach vt. 贴；固定；附上 6．wedding n. 婚礼 7．teenager n. 青少年，十几岁的孩子 8．specific adj. 具体的，特定的 9．neat adj. 整洁的 10．extend vt. 提供，给予，表示 11．pole n. 地极，北/南极 12．eve n. 前夕；前一天 13．branch n. 树枝 14．plate n. 盘；碟 15．whisper vi. & vt. 低声说，低语 16．merry adj. 快乐的 17．roll vt. 使成筒形(球形) n. 一卷；面包卷 18．wave vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 19．affair n. 事件 20．swallow vi. & vt. 吞下，咽下 21．uniform n. 制服 22．tear n. 眼泪，泪水 三、词汇变形： 1．occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→occasional adj. 偶尔的，临时的→occasionally adv. 有时，偶尔，间或 2．graduation n. 毕业→graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 3．congratulation n. 恭喜，祝贺→congratulate vt. 祝贺 4．decorate vi. & vt. 装饰，布置，美化→decoration n. 装饰物；装饰品 5．tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的→traditionally adv. 传统地 6．account n. 描述，报道→accountant n. 会计 7．expectant adj. 期待的，期望的→expect v. 期待；预料→expectation n. 期待；预料 8．scare vt. 吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→scared adj. 害怕的→scary adj. 可怕的 9．surround vt. 环绕，围绕→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围环境 10．retired adj. 退休的→retire vi. & vt. 退休→retirement n. 退休 11．joy n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦→joyful adj. 高兴的→joyfully adv. 高兴地，喜悦地 12．original adj. 原先的，最早的，最初的→originally adv. 起初→origin n. 起源；由来→originate v. 起源；创立→originality n. 独创性，创意 13．greet vt. 问候，欢迎；打招呼→greeting n. 问候 14．suit n. 套装→suitable adj. 合适的 15．represent vt. 代表→representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 代表→representation n. 代表 16．patience n. 耐心；耐力→impatience n. 不耐烦→patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人→impatient adj. 不耐烦的→patiently adv. 耐心地 17．behaviour n. 行为，举止→behave vi. 表现 18．description n. 描述，描写→describe vt. 描述，描写 19．summarise vi.& vt.总结，概括→summary n．总结；摘要；概要 四、拓展词汇 常见含­ion后缀的名词 ①occasion 特别的事情(仪式、庆典)；时刻，时候 ②graduation 毕业 ③congratulation 恭喜，祝贺 ④expectation 期待；预料，预期 ⑤information 消息 ⑥accommodation 住处，膳宿 ⑦acquisition 获得，获得物 “说”法荟萃 ①whisper v. & n. 小声说；耳语 ②murmur v. & n. 低语；喃喃细语 ③chat vi. & n. 聊天 ④claim v. & n. 声称；要求 ⑤inform v. 通知；告诉 ⑥announce v. 宣告；宣布 ⑦speak v. 说话；演讲 ⑧declare v. 声明；宣告 与put有关的短语 ①put up 张贴 ②put away存起来；收起来 ③put forward提出；提前 ④put off推迟；延期 ⑤put on穿上；戴上；上演；发动 ⑥put out熄灭；扑灭；出版 ⑦put aside储存；保留 五、一词多义/熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．attach A.vt.贴上；附上　B．vt.认为有(重要性等)　 C．vt.使依恋　D．v.使成为一部分，使附属 (1)Do you attach much importance to what he says？B (2)This middle school is attached to a normal college.D (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.A (4)Ever since the last date, she has been deeply attached to that boy.C 2．put up A.张贴　B．建造　C．举起　D．留宿　E．提出 (1)He put up his hand to ask a question.C (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.B (3)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？D (4)Clare first put up the idea of holding a concert to raise money for the school.E (5)(2023·全国甲卷)I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures.A 3．account A.n.描述，叙述　B．n.账目，账户　C．n.考虑 D．v.解释，说明　E．v.占……比例 (1)Recent pressure at work may account for his abnormal behavior.D (2)(2023·全国乙卷)When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.A (3)She sticks to putting the money into her saving account．B (4)In the school shop, students account for 50% of the customers.E (5)The direction of the prevailing winds (盛行风) should be taken into account．C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The experts all believe that this painting is the right original of the famous painter.n.原作 [点拨]original (熟义) adj.原来的；在本句中用作名词，意为“原作”。 2．I'm sure this tie suits you well.vt.相配；合身 [点拨]suit (熟义) n．套装；在本句中用作动词，意为“相配；合身”。 3．Such a boat is only fit for a calm sea.adj.风平浪静的 [点拨]calm(熟义) vt.使平静；在本句中用作形容词，意为“风平浪静的”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　课本重点短语 1.Dragon­Boat Festival 端午节 2.lunar month 阴历月，农历月 3.put up 张贴 4.let off 使某物爆炸 5.sweep away 扫除；清除 6.upside down 倒置地，颠倒地 7.scare sb./sth.away 把……吓跑 8.as far as 就……而言 9.in general 普遍地 10.make an effort 尽力 11.move in 搬来(和某人)一起居住 12.over and over 再三地，重复地 13.catch sb.'s eye 吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意 14.pass away 去世 15.no longer 不再 16.calm down 冷静下来 第二组　课文必背词块 1.get ready for the new year 为新的一年做好准备 2.light up the night sky 照亮夜空 3.a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year 我们期望来年健康和幸福的标志 4.put a stocking at the end of my bed 在我的床头放一只长袜 5.put up the Christmas tree 把圣诞树立起来 6.sweep away the dirt of the past year 清除过去一年的积尘 7.scare away the monster Nian 吓跑年兽 8.make an effort to help me 尽力帮助我 9.sing it over and over again 一遍又一遍地唱 10.catch her eye through the window 透过窗户吸引她的目光 写作 句型 1．人们相信“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句) It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 2．每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。(the moment引导时间状语从句) Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. 3．随着我年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了(春节)最重要的一部分。(as引导时间状语从句) As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it. 4．大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。(so…that…) David put so much pudding in his mouth that he couldn't swallow. 5．当我思考是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，进入脑海的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。(强调句型) When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind. 语法 被动语态、动词短语 写作 叙事写作 一、知识点精讲 occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 【词汇拓展】 (1)on one occasion 有一次 on no occasion 任何场合都不 on occasion 偶尔 on that/this occasion 那/这时，在那/这种情况下 on the occasion of... 在……之际；在……之时 (2)an occasional talk 临时谈话 graduation n. 毕业 【词汇拓展】 (1)after graduation 毕业后 graduation day 毕业日 (2)graduate from... 从……毕业 graduate in... 获得……学位 a graduate student/course研究生/研究生课程 an inexperienced graduate 无经验的毕业生 congratulation n. 恭喜；祝贺 【词汇拓展】 (1)congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 express/offer one's congratulations on (doing) sth 对(做)某事表示祝贺 (2)congratulate sb on (doing) sth 就(做)某事向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth 为(做)某事高兴 account n. 描述，报道；账户 vt.(accounted, accounted, accounting) 认为是，视为；解释 (1)account for 解释；是……的原因；占……(比例) (2)on account of 由于；因为 on no account 决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装) give (sb) a(n)... account of... (向某人)描述…… (3)考虑…… attach vt.(attached, attached, attaching) 贴，固定；附上 【词汇拓展】 (1)attach... to... 把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……有意义 (2)be attached to sb/sth 依恋；附属于；爱慕某人/某物 surround vt.(surrounded, surrounded, surrounding)环绕，围绕 【词汇拓展】 (1)surround oneself with sb/sth 和某人/某物待在一起 be surrounded by/with... 被……围绕；周围是…… (2)the surrounding air 周围的空气 the surrounding country 附近的国家 suit n. 套装 vt.(suited, suited, suiting) 满足(某人)需要；适合 【词汇拓展】 (1)a protective suit 防护服 (2)suit one's needs 满足某人的需要 suit sb (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人 suit... to... 使……适合…… (3)be suitable for sb/sth适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 (4)fit vt. 合(某人)的身；适合 match vt. 和……相配，和……一致 effort n. 努力；力气 【词汇拓展】 (1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth (尽一切)努力做某事 put effort into (doing) sth 将精力投入到(做)某事之中 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 (2)with/without effort 费劲地/轻松地 through one's efforts 通过某人的努力 in an effort to do sth 为了做某事 represent vt.(represented, represented, representing) 代表 【词汇拓展】 represent sb/sth 代表某人/某物 represent... as/to be...把……描述为……；宣称……为…… represent sth to sb 向某人说明/传达某事 patience n. 耐心；耐力 【词汇拓展】 (1)with patience＝patiently 耐心地 out of patience 没有耐心 run out of/lose patience 失去耐心 have the/no patience to do sth 有/没有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with sb 受不了某人 (2)be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 忍受/忍耐某事 behaviour n．举止，行为 【词汇拓展】 (1)mind one's behavior注意举止 (2)behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself/well 守规矩；表现得体 behave like... 表现得像…… (3)well­behaved/badly­behaved adj. 守规矩的/不守规矩的；表现好的/差的 whisper vi.&vt.(whispered, whispered, whispering) 低声说，低语 n．低语，耳语 【词汇拓展】 (1)whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事 whisper to sb that... 轻声对某人说…… whisper about sth 嘀咕某事 It is whispered that... 私下说……；秘密告诉…… (2)in a whisper/in whispers小声地，低声地 description n．描述，描写 【词汇拓展】 (1)beyond description难以描述 give a description of描述…… (2)describe... as... 把……描述成…… select vt.(selected, selected, selecting) 挑选，选拔 【词汇拓展】 select... for... 为……而挑选 select... from... 从……中挑选/选出 select... as/to be 选择……作为 select sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 calm vi.&vt.(calmed, calmed, calming) (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词汇拓展】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 tear n. 眼泪，泪水 v．(tore, torn, tearing) 撕碎，扯开 【词汇拓展】 (1)in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 (2)tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 (3)tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 二、核心语法精讲 被动语态 一、被动语态的概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 ◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： They prohibit smoking in public areas. 谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即they是prohibit smoking这个动作的执行者。 ◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas. 主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 构成形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done 过去将来时 would/should＋be done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done 过去进行时 was/were＋being done 现在完成时 have/has＋been done 过去完成时 had＋been done 含情态动词 情态动词＋be done The boy is often seen to play basketball on the court. 人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。 The athlete was seen to enter the gym just now. 刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。 A new apartment will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新公寓。 The news would be sent to the volunteer’s mother the moment it arrived. 消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting at the moment. 目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。 An informal boxing match was being held when I arrived there. 我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。 People’s living quality has been greatly improved in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。 By the end of last year，another company had been completed. 到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。 The new teaching equipment must be sent to the rural school in no time. 这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。 三、在下列情况下使用被动语态 1．不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 The charity organization was built ten years ago. 这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。 2．强调动作的承受者。 Your plan is considered to be practical. 你的计划被认为是实用的。 3．在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。 The International Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit. 国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。 4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。 四、使用被动语态的注意问题 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 He looks strong and energetic after going jogging regularly. 进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。 The problem proves tough and is difficult to deal with. 这个问题证明很难，并且很难处理。 (2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 You can depend on it that this kind of cloth washes well.你可以相信这种布料很好洗。 To our disappointment，the engine won’t start. 让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。 (3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 (4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult，easy，comfortable，hard，convenient，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 We find the guy is difficult to get along with. 我们发现这个家伙很难相处。 Our apartment is comfortable to live in. 我们的公寓住起来很舒服。 (5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting. ＝The plan required to be discussed on schedule at the meeting. 这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。 (6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等。 The gym opens at 8 a．m.and closes at 10 p．m.every day. 这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。 2．不用被动语态的情况 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。 Owing to the heavy snow，the price of vegetable has risen recently. 由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。 To our satisfaction，our dream came true at last. 令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Great changes (take) place in China in the past twenty years. 2．Because the surroundings are beautiful，the apartment building (sell) well. 3．As a result of the serious flood，the muddy roads in the rural area need (repair)． 4．I have no time to go with you because our new house (decorate) now. 5．It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal (serve)． 6．How many magazines can (borrow) from your library every week? 7．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in the near future. 8．I had not (wake) up by the alarm，so I was late for school this morning. 9．The expert said that a new hospital (build) near this village soon. 10．That company，though small，is pleasant (deal) with. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．We must healthy food，regular exercise and reasonable schedules. 我们必须重视健康的饮食、规律的运动和合理的日程安排。 2．Red lanterns are and firecrackers are let off to scare away the monster Nian. 红灯笼被挂起来，并且燃放鞭炮以吓走怪兽“年”。 3． ignore the importance of education. 我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 4． ，the boy arose from his chair immediately. 他妈妈一到家，这个男孩就赶快从椅子上起来了。 5． is of great benefit to your growth. 让你的周围都是积极向上的人对你的成长是有益的。 【答案】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．have taken 2．sells 3．repairing/to be repaired 4．is being decorated 5．is served 6．be borrowed 7．will be built 8．been woken 9．would be built 10．to deal Ⅱ.完成句子 1．attach great importance to 2．put up 3．On no account can we 4．The moment his mother returned home 5．Surrounding yourself with positive people 动词短语 一、含义 动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。 二、动词短语分类 1．动词＋介词　此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。 suffer from遭受……；graduate from毕业于……；apply for申请；adapt to适应；benefit from从……中获益 2．动词＋副词 (1)动词＋副词(不接宾语) pass away去世；pay off取得成功；come about发生；get ahead取得进步 (2)动词＋副词(接宾语) put up张贴；sweep away打扫；清除；put off推迟；throw away扔掉 3．动词＋副词＋介词 look forward to期盼……；try out for 参加……的选拔；sign up for报名参加……；keep up with跟上…… 4．动词＋名词 surf the Internet网上冲浪；remove one’s doubt消除某人的疑虑；make an effort尽力；catch sb.’s eye吸引某人的注意；earn one’s living谋生 5．动词＋名词＋介词 take advantage of利用；pay attention to注意；take part in参加 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The crowd waited (patient) in a line for the main character’s coming. 2．The teacher behaved well his students，all of whom liked him very much. 3．Faced with such a rude man，I can’t find (suit) words to make a response. 4．It’s polite for you to make an effort (talk) to others in a new place. 5．It was in this rural village the girl was born and grew up. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The school was built who had made significant contributions to society. 为了纪念对社会做出巨大贡献的那位科学家而建了这所学校。 2．Success depends on whether you simple things perfectly. 成功取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做完美。 3．Parents are responsible for making sure their children . 父母都有责任保证他们的孩子行为端正。 4． not what you say but what you do that counts. 不是你说了什么而是你做了什么很重要。 【答案】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．patiently 2．towards/to 3．suitable 4．to talk 5．that Ⅱ.完成句子 1．in memory of the scientist 2．have the patience to do 3．behave well. 4．It’s 单元写作清单 一、 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是描述一个事件。应注意以下几点： 1．写明你要描述该事件的原因； 2．写明事件发生的地点、时间、场合和人物； 3．用行为动词和连词把它们按正确的顺序排列起来； 4．最后描述自己的感受。 常用表达： 1．It was a fine day and I．.. 2．One day，I happened to do... 3．When I was walking in the street... 4．Last week，my friend and I．.. 5．On my way to school，I came across... 6．In the end，I succeeded in doing... 7．To my relief，it... 8．From this experience，I learned that... 9．This is how I．.. 10．I was deeply moved by his... 二、写作实践 分布演练 假如你是李华，上周日是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸还有弟弟一起为妈妈庆祝了生日。请根据下面的提示，用英语把这件事描述一下。 1．上周日是妈妈的五十岁生日； 2．家人都为她准备了生日礼物； 3．爸爸下厨做了好吃的饭菜； 4．大家一起祝妈妈生日快乐，感谢她为家里所做的一切。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是描述为妈妈庆祝生日的事情。写作时应注意以下几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是描写为妈妈过生日的事情，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代背景； 第二段：描述庆祝生日的过程； 第三段：表达自己的感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．度过快乐的一天 2．秘密地进行交谈 3．零花钱 4．对……惊讶 5．下班回家 6．因某事而感谢某人 [连词成句] 1．我爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地进行了交谈。 My father，brother and I secretly. 2．我们讨论了怎样庆祝妈妈的生日。(疑问词＋不定式) We discussed . 3．我们到家时，看到一张桌子已经摆好了。(主谓宾宾补) When we got home， . 4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。(there be句型) . 5．我们都对她说：“生日快乐！” . 6．我们感谢她为家里所做的一切。(what宾语从句) We all thanked her for . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把句1和句2用现在分词作伴随状语合成一句话。 My father，brother and I had a talk secretly， . 2．请把句3和句4用with复合结构合成一句话。 When we got home，we saw a table laid . 3．请把句5和句6用现在分词短语作伴随状语合成一句话。 We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her， . 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是描述为妈妈庆祝生日的事情。写作时应注意以下几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是描写为妈妈过生日的事情，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代背景； 第二段：描述庆祝生日的过程； 第三段：表达自己的感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．have a merry day 2．have a talk secretly 3．pocket money 4．be surprised at 5．come back from work 6．thank sb.for sth. [连词成句] 1． had a talk 2． how to celebrate my mother’s birthday. 3．we saw a table laid. 4．There were many delicious foods on the table. 5．We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her. 6． what she had done for our family. 第三步　句式升级 1．discussing how to celebrate my mother’s birthday. 2．with many delicious foods on it. 3．thanking her for what she had done for our family. 第四步　组句成篇 参考范文 We had a merry day last Sunday，for it was my mother’s fiftieth birthday! Several days before，my father，brother and I had a talk secretly，discussing how to celebrate my mother’s birthday.On Sunday morning，my brother and I got up early and went to buy some flowers using our pocket money.When we got home，we saw a table laid with many delicious foods on it.My mother was so surprised at what she saw when she came back from work! We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her，thanking her for what she had done for our family. I love my family and I will remember the happy day forever! 易错点01 defeat / beat / win / earn 的区别 【一句话辨异】Our team defeated the strong opponent (打败了对手) and won the championship (赢得了冠军), which earned us great respect (为我们赢得了尊重), though we had never beaten them in the previous three years (此前三年从未击败过他们). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 例句 defeat 战胜（对手/队伍），后接人/团队 We defeated the visiting team 3:0. beat 打败（对手），后接人/团队；也可指"心跳/敲打" He beat me in the final match. win 赢得（比赛/奖牌/荣誉），后接事/物 She won the gold medal. earn 赢得/博得（尊重/名声）；挣得（钱） His performance earned him great respect. 【速记】 defeat / beat + 人/队伍（打败某人） win + 比赛/奖牌/荣誉（赢得某物） earn + 尊重/名声/金钱（博得/赚得抽象事物） 【对点训练】 1.The underdog team ______ the champion in the final. A. won B. defeated C. earned 2.She ______ the first prize in the national competition. A. won B. beat C. defeated 3.His kindness ______ him a good reputation among the villagers. A. won B. defeated C. earned 【答案】1. B（对手/队伍 → defeated） 2. A（prize → won） 3. C（reputation → earned） 易错点02 prevent / protect / defend 的区别 【一句话辨异】 To prevent the spread of the virus (防止病毒传播), we should protect ourselves from infection by wearing masks (保护自己免受感染), and the medical workers are fighting bravely to defend the city against the disease (保卫这座城市抵御疾病). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 搭配 例句 prevent 阻止/防止（某事发生） prevent sb/sth from doing Regular exercise can prevent us from getting fat.（预防发胖） protect 保护（免受伤害） protect sb/sth from/against Wearing a helmet can protect your head from injury.（保护头部免受伤害） defend 保卫/防守（对抗攻击） defend sb/sth from/against； in defence of The team defended well in the second half.（防守）＝ The team played in defence of their goal. 【速记口诀】 prevent + 事情（阻止某事发生） → prevent sb/sth from doing protect + 人或物（保护其免受伤害） → protect sb/sth from/against defend + 目标（保卫/防守，对抗攻击） → defend sb/sth from/against；in defence of 【对点训练】 1.Eating more vegetables helps ______ us from many diseases. A. prevent B. protect C. defend 2.The soldiers fought bravely in ______ of their country. A. prevention B. protection C. defence 【答案】 1. A（prevent from + 疾病） 2. C（in defence of 为固定搭配） 易错点03 to be frank / in other words / according to / in person 的用法辨析 【一句话辨异】 To be frank (坦白说), I don't fully agree with the coach's decision; in other words (换句话说), I think he should have given the young player a chance. But according to (根据) the team rules, the final say belongs to him, and he will announce the lineup in person (亲自) at the press conference tomorrow. 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 在句中的位置与作用 例句 to be frank 坦白说 插入语，通常置于句首，用逗号隔开 To be frank, I don't think he can win the match.（坦白说） in other words 换句话说 插入语，用于解释或重述前文 He is an underdog. In other words, nobody expects him to win.（换句话说） according to 根据…… 后接信息来源，不接第一人称（不说 according to me） According to the coach, the team will start training next week.（根据教练所说） in person 亲自 副词短语，修饰动词，表"亲自做某事" The champion received the medal in person.（亲自） 【速记口诀】 to be frank → 坦白说（句首插入语，表坦诚观点） in other words → 换句话说（用于解释或重述前文） according to → 根据……（后接信息来源，不接第一人称） in person → 亲自（副词短语，修饰动作） 【对点训练】 1.______, I don't believe he can break the record. A. In person B. To be frank C. According to 2.______ me, it is important to keep a balanced diet. A. According to B. To be frank C. To 3.The manager will attend the press conference ______. A. in person B. in other words C. to be frank 【答案】 1.B（坦白说） 2. C（不说 according to me，应说 To me / In my opinion） 3. A（亲自） 易错点04 not everything / not all / not every（部分否定的句式辨析） 【一句话辨异】Not all sports are suitable for everyone (并非所有运动都适合每个人), and not every athlete can become a champion (并非每位运动员都能成为冠军); not everything the coach said was practical (教练说的并非全都实用), but most of his advice was truly inspiring. 【错因辨析】 结构 后接名词 谓语动词 例句 not everything 不可数名词或单数概念 单数 Not everything the coach said was right. not all 复数名词或不可数名词 与名词一致 Not all athletes are professional. not every 单数名词 单数 Not every sport suits everyone. 【速记口诀】 not all + 复数/不可数名词 → 并非所有……（谓语与名词一致） not every + 单数名词 → 并非每个……（谓语单数） not everything → 并非每件事……（谓语单数，后接不可数或单数概念） 【对点训练】 1.______ that he said at the meeting was practical, but some was really inspiring. A. Not all B. Not everything C. Not every 2.______ exercise is suitable for people with heart disease. A. Not all B. Not every C. Not everything 【答案】 1. B（后接 that he said，用 Not everything） 2. B（后接单数名词 exercise → Not every） 易错点05 定语从句：关系代词的混用 【错因辨析】 【宜用 that 的6种情况】（高频考点） ①先行词为不定代词（all, little, much, something, anything, nothing等） ②先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 ③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 ④先行词既有人又有物 ⑤主句以 who 或 which 开头（避免重复） ⑥关系代词在从句中作表语 【宜用 which 的2种情况】 ①关系代词前有介词（in which, of which等） ②引导非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开） 【对点训练】 1.The only thing ______ really matters to an athlete is the performance on the court. A. which B. that C. what 2.The stadium ______ the final match was held can hold 80,000 people. A. in which B. which C. that 3.The team won the championship, ______ was beyond everyone's expectation. A. that B. which C. what 4.They talked about the coaches and the training methods ______ were unique to their club. A. that B. which C. who 【答案】 1.B（先行词被 the only 修饰 → that） 2.A（介词 in 提前，只能用 which → in which） 3.B（非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句 → which） 4.A（先行词既有人又有物 → that） 易错点06 other / another / the other / others / the others 【一句话辨异】Among all the sports in the Olympic Games, some are individual events like tennis, while others are team events like basketball（一些……另一些……，泛指）; another sport worth mentioning is skateboarding, which made its debut recently（另一个，三者以上中的又一个）; and among the two most popular events, one is athletics, and the other is swimming（两者中的另一个）. Of the 50 athletes on our team, 20 have participated before, and the others are freshmen（特定范围内的其余人）. We also have other sports clubs besides these（其他的，后接复数名词作定语）. 【错因辨析】 不定代词 含义 范围 数量 another 另一个（泛指） 三者以上 单个 the other 另一个（特指） 两者之间 单个 others 另一些（泛指） 不限定 复数 the others 其余的（特指） 特定范围 复数 other 其他的（作定语） 不限定 后接复数名词 【速记口诀】 两者之间用 one...the other； 三者以上用 one...another...the other； 泛指用 some...others； 特指用 some...the others。 【对点训练】 1.There are two pools. One is for professionals, and ______ is for beginners. A. another B. the other C. others 2.Some athletes are training, and ______ are resting. A. the other B. another C. others 3.The coach needs ______ two volunteers. A. other B. the other C. another 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C（another + 数字 + 复数名词 = 还需要……） 一、单元知识回顾 1． 写出与account相关的短语 (1)__________________把……考虑在内　　 (2)__________________因为，由于 (3)__________________决不 (4)__________________报告；叙述；说明 (5)__________________解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占 2．写出与attach/attached相关的短语 (1)__________________把…附在…上，把…固定到…上 (2)__________________认为…重要/有意义 (3)__________________附属于；依恋 3．写出与put相关的短语 (1)put up__________________ (2)put away__________________ (3)put down __________________ (4)put forward __________________ (5)put off __________________ (6)put on __________________ (7)put out __________________ (8)put aside __________________ 4．写出与effort相关的短语 (1)make an effort__________________ (2)make an/every effort/efforts to do sth __________________ (3)spare no efforts to do sth__________________ (4)with (an) effort_________________ (5)without effort__________________ 5．写出与as...as... 相关的短语 (1)as far as__________________ (2)as long as_________________ (3)as soon as__________________ (4)as well as __________________ 6．写出与intend/intention 相关的短语 (1)hang out__________________ (2)hang on to sth.__________________ (3)hang up__________________ (4)hang on__________________ (5)hang about/around__________________ 7．写出与mess相关的短语 (1)in a mess__________________ (2)make a mess of_________________ (3)mess up__________________ 8． 写出与catch相关的短语 (1)catch sb's eye __________________ (2)keep an eye out for__________________ (3)have an eye for __________________ (4)fix sb's eyes on__________________ (5)look sb in the eye__________________ 【答案】 Ⅰ.单元知识回顾 1. (1)take ...into account/consideration　 (2)on account of (3)on no account (4(4)give an account of (5)account for 2． (1)attach ...to .. (2)attach importance/significance to (3)be attached to 3． (1)张贴；竖起；举起；建造；搭建； (为……)提供膳宿；提高(价钱等) (2)存起来；收拾起来 (3) 写下来；镇压 (4) 提出；提前 (5)推迟；延期 (6)穿(戴)上；上演；打开(开关等) (7)熄灭；扑灭；出版 (8) 储存；保留 4． (1)尽力 (2)努力做某事 (3)不遗余力去做某事 (4)艰难地 (5)轻而易举地 5． (1)就……而言；远到 (2)和……一样长；只要 (3)一……就…… (4)和……一样好；和，同 6． (1) 常去某处 (2)抓紧某物；不放弃 (3)挂断电话 (4)等一下，别挂电话；坚持；抓紧 (5)(在某处附近)等待，逗留，闲满 7． (1)杂乱.混乱：陷人困境 (2)弄乱…，把…弄糟 (3)把…弄糟；弄脏，弄乱 8. (1)遇到某人的目光；吸引某人的注意 (2)注意，警惕 (3) 对某事物有鉴赏力和判断力 (4)某人凝视…… (5)直视某人(一般用于否定句) 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She has a strong desire (渴望) to study abroad, but her family can't afford it. 2．All the children are too active to keep still because they are full of energy (精力)． 3．All the audience (观众) were moved into tears since the lecture was too moving. 4．I think the medicine will soon relieve (缓解) your sharp pain in the head. 5．Children usually get sick easily because their immune (免疫的) system doesn't work well. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The doctor suggests him taking more sports to strengthen (strong) his health so as to become much stronger. 2．The daughter's success in her study is a real relief (relieve) for the hard­working parents. 3．Children usually can't keep still for too long since they are very energetic (energy)． 4．We should walk or ride bikes as much as we can.This is because by doing this，we can reduce the emission of CO2. 5．Don't be too concerned about stress，which is beneficial (benefit) to us to some extent actually. Ⅲ.选词填空 try out for; let sb.down; keep up with; sign up; in particular 1．This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. 2．Weather can be really tough in this city all the year round, in winter in particular． 3．Some teenage art lovers will try out for the school Drama Club next week. 4．They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain. 5．Taking his advantage into account，his adviser recommended that he sign up for Advanced Literature. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．史密斯先生失业了，这使得他们的生活更加困难了。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Mr Smith is out of work, which makes their life more difficult． 2．在我看来，没有比打排球更好的运动了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) As far as I'm concerned, there is no sport better than playing volleyball． 3．努力学习，否则你下次考试就会不及格。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Study hard, or you won't pass the next test． 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 Paul and I were on our school basketball team，The Lions.We were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James while Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues,1. was the shortest player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise 2. (much) than other players on the team.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench，being just a 3. (replace)．Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4. (play) for the team.Later，The Lions 5. (play) The Bears，whose record had been perfect this season.During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6. (bad) hurt.I had to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7. (wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8. (practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and when the game ended，our team had won 9. 2 points.After the game，our coach hit Paul on 10. shoulder and said that Paul had earned his place on the team. 答案:1.who 2.more 3.replacement4.to play5.were playing 6.badly 7.had been waiting8.practising 9.by 10.the Lesson 3: Long-distance running has a lot of benefits.1. particular，it is a great sport for beginners，because you needn’t a membership of a gym and do not need any special 2. (equip)．It is a good way 3. (know) yourself and understand 4. you are capable of. Running can help you be 5. (health) and prevent diseases.It can increase the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain and can also make your heart 6. (strong)．It can also strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of 7. (get) health problems.Long-distance running can cheer you 8. and make you 9. (relief) from aches or tension because of stress. If you are a beginner for running，it is important to warm up and cool down properly before and after running to avoid 10. (hurt)yourself.After a long run，you should not stop immediately. 【答案】 1.In 2.equipment3.to know 4.what5.healthy6.stronger 7.getting 8.up 9.relieve 10.hurting 五、阅读理解 A You can’t imagine how terrible I felt at that time. A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet，I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first PE class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”． The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realised running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon，I dreamed that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！” By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starving! As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． 1．A month before the marathon，the author . A．lost hope B．felt scared C．was well trained D．made up his mind to run 2．Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year? A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B．To amuse the readers with a funny story. C．To show he was not talented in sports. D．To share a precious memory. 3．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He made it. B．He quitted halfway. C．He got the first prize. D．He walked to the end. 4．What does the story mainly tell us? A．One is never too old to learn. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．A winner is one with a great effort of will. D．A man owes his success to his family support. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己成功完成马拉松比赛的经历，他觉得跑马拉松不是与他人的竞争，而是在与自己的身体和思想作斗争，是一场意志的考验。 1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的A month before my first marathon one of my ankles was injured  and this  meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined  to go ahead.（在我第一次参加马拉松比赛的前一个月，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着两周内不能参加比赛，只剩下两周的训练时间了，然而，我决心继续比赛。）可知，作者尽管脚踝受伤，但是仍然下定决心继续跑步，故选D。 2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的In my first P．E．class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was "not athletic"．（在我的第一堂体育课上，老师要求我们跑几圈，然后打垒球。我两个都做得不好。后来他告诉我说我"不擅长运动"。）可知，作者提到七年级的事情，是为了说明自己不是一个擅长运动的人。故选C。 3. A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!（我是最后一个跑完的选手之一。但我跑完了！）可知，作者最终跑完了马拉松，他做到了。故选A。 4. C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签），I can now call myself a "marathon winner" .（我决心做我自己，继续前进，摆脱羞耻和世俗的标签，我现在可以称自己为"马拉松冠军"。）以及通过整体分析可知本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者认为跑步是对自己的一种较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动的。这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌。可知作者通过这篇文章告诉我们胜利者是意志坚强的人。故选C。 B Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience.If you're planning to run a race，check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations. Inca Trail Marathon Are you up for a challenge？Hosted at Cusco，Peru，the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world.With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire，participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.During the run，participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the "Lost City of the Incas"，Machu Picchu，and the Sacred Valley. Athens Marathon Held in Greece，the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history，mythology（神话），and architecture.There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens.During the race，audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics. Big Sur International Marathon Held at Carmel，California，the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world's largest rural marathon.Before the race，participants generally visit the world﹣famous Monterey Bay Aquarium（水族馆），which owns rich animals.The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3000﹣foot mountain ridges（山脉） to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs. Big Five Marathon Located at Limpopo，South Africa，participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah.The marathon is held in one of the "Big Five" game reserves in Africa.There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife.Make sure to keep your mind clear.You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes. 5.At Inca Trail Marathon，participants can 　 　. A.make the best performance B.enjoy ancient architecture C.learn about the Inca Empire D.run through the Sacred Valley 6.What do participants often do before Big Sur International Marathon starts？ 　 　 A.They go up 3000﹣foot mountain ridges. B.They see all kinds of sea creatures. C.They visit underwater canyons. D.They climb rocky seaside cliffs. 7.If you are interested in buildings，you are advised to take part in 　 　. A.Athens Marathon B.Inca Trail Marathon C.Big Sur International Marathon D.Big Five Marathon 8.What should runners do when participating in Big Five Marathon？ 　 　 A.Protect the wild animals. B.Avoid meeting wild animals. C.Keep watch for wild animals. D.Be careful not to fall into rivers. 【答案】CBAC 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个与众不同的马拉松比赛。 5.C. 细节理解题。根据Inca Trail Marathon部分"With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire，participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.库斯科曾经是印加帝国的首都，有着丰富的历史，参与者可以探索几个古代考古遗址。"可知在印加马拉松比赛中，参赛者可以了解印加帝国。故选C。 6. B. 细节理解题。根据Big Sur International Marathon部分"Before the race，participants generally visit the world﹣famous Monterey Bay Aquarium（水族馆），which owns rich animals.在比赛之前，参赛者通常会参观世界闻名的蒙特利湾水族馆，那里拥有丰富的动物。"可知在大苏尔国际马拉松比赛开始前，参赛者通常会看到各种海洋生物。故选B。 7. A. 细节理解题。根据部分"Held in Greece，the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history，mythology（神话），and architecture.雅典马拉松在希腊举行，对于那些对历史、神话和建筑感兴趣的人来说是完美的。"可知如果你对建筑感兴趣，建议你参加雅典马拉松。故选A。 8. C. 推理判断题。根据Big Five Marathon部分"There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife.Make sure to keep your mind clear.You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes.没有栅栏或河流将跑步者与非洲野生动物隔开。一定要保持头脑清醒。你可能会发现一头大象，甚至发现自己和长颈鹿一起奔跑。"可知参加五大马拉松时，运动员应该注意野生动物。故选C。 六、七选五 You may think that choosing to lose weight requires a lot of effort and pain. The truth is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day. （1）　 　 .When you're ready to lose a few pounds，check out these five small everyday things you can do. （2）　 　. Believe it or not，the diameter of your dinner plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day.The bigger your plate，the more you can fit on it，and the more you put into your body. Use a Food Diary or App It's so easy to sit at your desk or on the couch eating up an entire bag of potato chips，or a full packet of cookies. （3）　 　. If you keep a food diary or app outlining what you eat，how much of it，and how many calories it has，you may be more inclined to control your food intake. Drink More Water （4）　 　.Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it，and you may be reading the signs all wrong.Keep a water bottle on hand，drinking water throughout the day.By doing so，you can control your appetite while also making sure your body is not lack of water. Exercise More It seems like a given ﹣ you exercise，you lose weight.However，it's not only those 10﹣mile runs that make all the difference.（5）　 　.For instance，park further away at the grocery store，take the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favorite show. A.Use Smaller Dishes B.Control your food intake C.You have to make plans for exercise. D.All too often，we mistake thirst for hunger. E.Many small changes can make a significant difference. F.Exercise doesn't have to be something you have to think about to do，and it can be fun. G.However，if you knew how many calories were in them，you may decide to change your mind. 【答案】EAGDF 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。你可能认为选择减肥需要很多努力和痛苦，但是事实上，你可以通过每天做一些小事来减肥。本文介绍你每天能做的五件小事。 【解答】（1）E.细节理解题。根据前句The truth is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day."事实上，你可以通过每天做一些小事来减肥、感觉更健康、看起来更迷人"，可知表示"许多微小的变化可以产生显著的变化"的选项E符合前后的语境，doing small things every day和small changes是关联词，故选E。 （2）A.主旨判断题。根据后句Believe it or not，the diameter of your dinner plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day.The bigger your plate，the more you can fit on it，and the more you put into your body."信不信由你，你餐盘的直径会对你一天中的任何时候吃多少食物产生巨大的影响。你的餐盘越大，你能吃的越多，你放在身体里的食物也越多"，可知表示"用小一点的盘子"的选项A符合本段的主题，the diameter of your dinner plate和Use Smaller Dishes是关联词，故选A。 （3）G.细节理解题。根据后句If you keep a food diary or app outlining what you eat，how much of it，and how many calories it has，you may be more inclined to control your food intake."如果你用一本食物日记或一个应用程序来描述你吃了什么，吃了多少，有多少卡路里，你可能更倾向于控制你的食物摄入量"，可知表示"然而，如果你知道其中含有多少卡路里，你可能会改变主意"的选项G符合前后的语境，how many calories it has和how many calories were in them是关联词，故选G。 （4）D.细节理解题。根据后句Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it，and you may be reading the signs all wrong."你的身体需要的水比你可能给的要多，你可能看错了信号"，可知表示"我们常常误以为口渴就是饥饿"的选项D符合前后的语境，be reading the signs all wrong和mistake thirst for hunger是关联词，故选D。 （5）F.推理判断题。根据后句For instance，park further away at the grocery store，take the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favorite show."例如，把车停在离你更远的杂货店，用台阶代替电梯，在你最喜欢的电视节目的电视广告休息时间，在现场慢跑"，可知表示"锻炼不一定是你必须考虑去做的事情，而且可以很有趣"的选项F符合前后的语境，对后面的例子的解释，故选F。 七、完形填空 (2025·T8联考) If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U．S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 1 ， it's this：“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day—and bite.” Snyder speaks from 2 ． In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 3 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 4 she had time to react, a 70­pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 5 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 6 my hand open pretty severely，”she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover. This wasn't the first or last 7 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 8 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 9 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 10 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 11 ： according to Postal Service data, there were 5，800 reported dog­related incidents involving postal workers in 2023. This brings us to the 12 paw­print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 13 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 14 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的)， 15 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers. 1. A.employer B．customer C．trainee D．neighbour 2. A.experience B．capability C．knowledge D．profession 3. A.kicked B．opened C．blocked D．approached 4. A.Until B．Before C．Since D．Immediately 5. A.failed B．managed C．attempted D．resolved 6. A.pushed B．tore C．threw D．speared 7. A.bond B．encounter C．disagreement D．competition 8. A.cornered B．discouraged C．squeezed D．accompanied 9. A.urged B．empowered C．directed D．persuaded 10. A.turn B．energy C．measure D．course 11. A.unique B．simple C．common D．frequent 12. A.plain B．sketched C．faded D．colored 13. A.hides B．signals C．flashes D．introduces 14. A.prospect B．occupation C．expectation D．intention 15. A.especially B．reasonably C．occasionally D．constantly 【答案及详解】 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是美国邮局的邮递员Snyder给新来的培训生分享送件时遭遇恶犬并受伤的经历。这次经历也推动了美国邮局采取措施来保护邮递员。他们想到的方法是在邮箱上贴“狗狗贴纸”，来提醒邮递员注意恶犬。 1. 答案：C 解析：根据前文中的“seasoned（有经验的）mail carrier”可知，Snyder在给新来的培训生（trainee）做经验分享。employer意为“雇主”，customer意为“顾客”，neighbour意为“邻居”，均不符合语境。 2. 答案：A 解析：根据后文提到的2024年4月发生的被恶狗撕咬的故事可知，此处表示Snyder是结合个人经历（experience）来讲述的。speak from experience为固定搭配，意为“凭经验说话”。capability意为“能力”，knowledge意为“知识”，profession意为“职业”。 3. 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，Snyder是走向（approach）大门，获得邮件的签名。approach意为“走近，靠近”。kicked意为“踢”，opened意为“打开”，blocked意为“阻挡”，均不符合语境。 4. 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示她还没来得及（before）反应，一只70磅重的狗就冲了出来。Before she had time to react意为“在她还没来得及反应之前”。Until意为“直到”，Since意为“自从”，Immediately意为“立即”，均不符合句意。 5. 答案：C 解析：根据后文中的“but it was too late”可知，她尝试（attempt）去保护自己，但没有成功。attempt to do sth.意为“尝试去做某事”；manage to do sth.意为“设法成功做成某事”，与后文“但为时已晚”矛盾。failed意为“失败”，后面应接不定式to do；resolved意为“决心”，不符合语境。 6. 答案：B 解析：根据句意可知，此处表示狗撕咬她的手。tear…open为固定搭配，意为“将……撕开”。pushed意为“推”，threw意为“扔”，speared意为“用尖物刺穿”，均不符合语境。 7. 答案：B 解析：根据前文内容可知，此处表示这不是第一次或最后一次与恶狗的对峙（encounter）。encounter意为“遭遇，邂逅”，此处指人与狗之间的冲突遭遇。bond意为“纽带”，disagreement意为“分歧”，competition意为“竞争”，均不符合语境。 8. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示另一只狗把她堵在门廊。corner作为动词，意为“将……逼入死角；使……走投无路”。discouraged意为“使气馁”，squeezed意为“挤压”，accompanied意为“陪伴”，均不符合语境。 9. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示此事件促使动物控制部门去调查狗主人。urge sb. to do sth.意为“鼓动/敦促某人做某事”。empower sb. to do sth.意为“给某人权力去做某事，增加（某人的）自主权”，directed意为“指示”，persuaded意为“说服”。此处强调的是事件的推动力，故选A。 10. 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示美国邮局采取措施保护邮递员。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”。take a turn意为“转弯；转变”，take energy意为“花费精力”，take course意为“修课程；采取路线”，均不符合搭配。 11. 答案：A 解析：后文介绍了2023年有5，800起与狗有关的事件涉及邮递员。因此，此处表示Snyder的故事并不是唯一的。far from unique为常用表达，意为“并不独特”。simple意为“简单的”，common意为“常见的”，frequent意为“频繁的”，均不符合句意。 12. 答案：D 解析：根据后文中的“orange”和“yellow”可知，此处指涂成不同颜色的贴纸。colored在此处为形容词，意为“有颜色的”。plain意为“素色的，无花纹的”，sketched意为“素描的”，faded意为“褪色的”，均不符合语境。 13. 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，一个橘色贴纸表示（signal）这家有狗，黄色的表示附近有狗。signal意为“表明，表示”。hides意为“隐藏”，flashes意为“闪烁”，introduces意为“介绍”，均不符合语境。 14. 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示贴不同颜色的贴纸的目的（intention）是提醒邮局的工作人员和其他送货员保持警惕。intention意为“意图，目的”。prospect意为“前景”，occupation意为“职业，占领”，expectation意为“期望”，均不符合语境。 15. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示特别是（especially）在对邮递员有负面反应历史的狗的周围保持警惕。especially意为“尤其，特别”，强调在特定情况下要格外注意。reasonably意为“合理地”，occasionally意为“偶尔”，constantly意为“不断地”，均不符合句意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Celebrations 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1．dragon n. __________ 2．barbecue n. __________ 3．lantern n. __________ 4．turkey n. __________ 5．monster n. __________ 6．flight n. __________ 7．wine n. __________ 8．accent n. __________ 9．hotpot n. __________ 10．firecracker n. __________ 11．buzz vi. __________ 12．beer n. __________ 13．studio n. __________ 14．jeans n. __________ 15．stocking n. __________ 16．envelope n. __________ 17．lap n. __________ 18．ballet n. __________ 19．downstairs adv. __________ 二、写作词汇： 1.__________ n. 成人，成年人 2.__________ adv. 即刻，马上 3.__________ n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心 4.__________ n. 字，字体；人物，角色 5.__________ vt. 贴；固定；附上 6.__________ n. 婚礼 7.__________ n. 青少年，十几岁的孩子 8.__________ adj. 具体的，特定的 9.__________ adj. 整洁的 10.__________ vt. 提供，给予，表示 11.__________ n. 地极，北/南极 12.__________ n. 前夕；前一天 13.__________ n. 树枝 14.__________ n. 盘；碟 15.__________ vi. & vt. 低声说，低语 16.__________ adj. 快乐的 17.__________ vt. 使成筒形(球形)；n. 一卷；面包卷 18.__________ vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 19.__________ n. 事件 20.__________ vi. & vt. 吞下，咽下 21.__________ n. 制服 22.__________ n. 眼泪，泪水 三、词汇变形： 1．__________ n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 → __________ adj. 偶尔的，临时的 → __________ adv. 有时，偶尔，间或 2．__________ n. 毕业 → __________ v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 3．__________ n. 恭喜，祝贺 → __________ vt. 祝贺 4．__________ vi. & vt. 装饰，布置，美化 → __________ n. 装饰物；装饰品 5．__________ n. 传统 → __________ adj. 传统的 → __________ adv. 传统地 6．__________ n. 描述，报道 → __________ n. 会计 7．__________ adj. 期待的，期望的 → __________ v. 期待；预料 → __________ n. 期待；预料 8．__________ vt. 吓唬；使(某人)惊恐 → __________ adj. 害怕的 → __________ adj. 可怕的 9．__________ vt. 环绕，围绕 → __________ adj. 周围的 → __________ n. 周围环境 10．__________ adj. 退休的 → __________ vi. & vt. 退休 → __________ n. 退休 11．__________ n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦 → __________ adj. 高兴的 → __________ adv. 高兴地，喜悦地 12．__________ adj. 原先的，最早的，最初的 → __________ adv. 起初 → __________ n. 起源；由来 → __________ v. 起源；创立 → __________ n. 独创性，创意 13．__________ vt. 问候，欢迎；打招呼 → __________ n. 问候 14．__________ n. 套装 → __________ adj. 合适的 15．__________ vt. 代表 → __________ adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 代表 → __________ n. 代表 16．__________ n. 耐心；耐力 → __________ n. 不耐烦 → __________ adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 → __________ adj. 不耐烦的 → __________ adv. 耐心地 17．__________ n. 行为，举止 → __________ vi. 表现 18．__________ n. 描述，描写 → __________ vt. 描述，描写 19．__________ vi. & vt. 总结，概括 → __________ n. 总结；摘要；概要 四、拓展词汇 常见含­ion后缀的名词 ①occasion 特别的事情(仪式、庆典)；时刻，时候 ②graduation 毕业 ③congratulation 恭喜，祝贺 ④expectation 期待；预料，预期 ⑤information 消息 ⑥accommodation 住处，膳宿 ⑦acquisition 获得，获得物 “说”法荟萃 ①whisper v. & n. 小声说；耳语 ②murmur v. & n. 低语；喃喃细语 ③chat vi. & n. 聊天 ④claim v. & n. 声称；要求 ⑤inform v. 通知；告诉 ⑥announce v. 宣告；宣布 ⑦speak v. 说话；演讲 ⑧declare v. 声明；宣告 与put有关的短语 ①put up 张贴 ②put away存起来；收起来 ③put forward提出；提前 ④put off推迟；延期 ⑤put on穿上；戴上；上演；发动 ⑥put out熄灭；扑灭；出版 ⑦put aside储存；保留 五、一词多义/熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．attach A.vt.贴上；附上　B．vt.认为有(重要性等)　 C．vt.使依恋　D．v.使成为一部分，使附属 (1)Do you attach much importance to what he says？_______ (2)This middle school is attached to a normal college._______ (3)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose._______ (4)Ever since the last date, she has been deeply attached to that boy._______ 2．put up A.张贴　B．建造　C．举起　D．留宿　E．提出 (1)He put up his hand to ask a question._______ (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017._______ (3)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？____ (4)Clare first put up the idea of holding a concert to raise money for the school._______ (5)(2023·全国甲卷)I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures._______ 3．account A.n.描述，叙述　B．n.账目，账户　C．n.考虑 D．v.解释，说明　E．v.占……比例 (1)Recent pressure at work may account for his abnormal behavior._______ (2)When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue._______ (3)She sticks to putting the money into her saving account．_______ (4)In the school shop, students account for 50% of the customers._______ (5)The direction of the prevailing winds (盛行风) should be taken into account．_______ Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The experts all believe that this painting is the right original of the famous painter._______ [点拨]original (熟义) adj.原来的；在本句中用作名词，意为“原作”。 2．I'm sure this tie suits you well._______ [点拨]suit (熟义) n．套装；在本句中用作动词，意为“相配；合身”。 3．Such a boat is only fit for a calm sea._______ [点拨]calm(熟义) vt.使平静；在本句中用作形容词，意为“风平浪静的”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　课本重点短语 1._____________________ 端午节 2._____________________ 阴历月，农历月 3._____________________ 张贴 4._____________________ 使某物爆炸 5._____________________ 扫除；清除 6._____________________ 倒置地，颠倒地 7._____________________ 把……吓跑 8._____________________ 就……而言 9._____________________ 普遍地 10._____________________ 尽力 11._____________________ 搬来(和某人)一起居住 12._____________________ 再三地，重复地 13._____________________ 吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意 14._____________________ 去世 15._____________________ 不再 16._____________________ 冷静下来 第二组　课文必背词块 1.get ready for the new year _____________ 2.light up the night sky _____________ 3.a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year _____________ 4.put a stocking at the end of my bed _____________ 5.put up the Christmas tree _____________ 6.sweep away the dirt of the past year _____________ 7.scare away the monster Nian _____________ 8.make an effort to help me _____________ 9.sing it over and over again _____________ 10.catch her eye through the window _____________ 写作 句型 1．人们相信“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句) _____________ when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 2．每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。(the moment引导时间状语从句) Every year, _____________, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. 3．随着我年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了(春节)最重要的一部分。(as引导时间状语从句) _____________, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it. 4．大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。(so…that…) David put _____________ he couldn't swallow. 5．当我思考是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，进入脑海的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。(强调句型) When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, _____________ come to mind. 语法 被动语态、动词短语 写作 叙事写作 一、知识点精讲 occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候 【词汇拓展】 (1)on one occasion 有一次 on no occasion 任何场合都不 on occasion 偶尔 on that/this occasion 那/这时，在那/这种情况下 on the occasion of... 在……之际；在……之时 (2)an occasional talk 临时谈话 graduation n. 毕业 【词汇拓展】 (1)after graduation 毕业后 graduation day 毕业日 (2)graduate from... 从……毕业 graduate in... 获得……学位 a graduate student/course研究生/研究生课程 an inexperienced graduate 无经验的毕业生 congratulation n. 恭喜；祝贺 【词汇拓展】 (1)congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 express/offer one's congratulations on (doing) sth 对(做)某事表示祝贺 (2)congratulate sb on (doing) sth 就(做)某事向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth 为(做)某事高兴 account n. 描述，报道；账户 vt.(accounted, accounted, accounting) 认为是，视为；解释 (1)account for 解释；是……的原因；占……(比例) (2)on account of 由于；因为 on no account 决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装) give (sb) a(n)... account of... (向某人)描述…… (3)考虑…… attach vt.(attached, attached, attaching) 贴，固定；附上 【词汇拓展】 (1)attach... to... 把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……有意义 (2)be attached to sb/sth 依恋；附属于；爱慕某人/某物 surround vt.(surrounded, surrounded, surrounding)环绕，围绕 【词汇拓展】 (1)surround oneself with sb/sth 和某人/某物待在一起 be surrounded by/with... 被……围绕；周围是…… (2)the surrounding air 周围的空气 the surrounding country 附近的国家 suit n. 套装 vt.(suited, suited, suiting) 满足(某人)需要；适合 【词汇拓展】 (1)a protective suit 防护服 (2)suit one's needs 满足某人的需要 suit sb (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人 suit... to... 使……适合…… (3)be suitable for sb/sth适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 (4)fit vt. 合(某人)的身；适合 match vt. 和……相配，和……一致 effort n. 努力；力气 【词汇拓展】 (1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth (尽一切)努力做某事 put effort into (doing) sth 将精力投入到(做)某事之中 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 (2)with/without effort 费劲地/轻松地 through one's efforts 通过某人的努力 in an effort to do sth 为了做某事 represent vt.(represented, represented, representing) 代表 【词汇拓展】 represent sb/sth 代表某人/某物 represent... as/to be...把……描述为……；宣称……为…… represent sth to sb 向某人说明/传达某事 patience n. 耐心；耐力 【词汇拓展】 (1)with patience＝patiently 耐心地 out of patience 没有耐心 run out of/lose patience 失去耐心 have the/no patience to do sth 有/没有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with sb 受不了某人 (2)be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 忍受/忍耐某事 behaviour n．举止，行为 【词汇拓展】 (1)mind one's behavior注意举止 (2)behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself/well 守规矩；表现得体 behave like... 表现得像…… (3)well­behaved/badly­behaved adj. 守规矩的/不守规矩的；表现好的/差的 whisper vi.&vt.(whispered, whispered, whispering) 低声说，低语 n．低语，耳语 【词汇拓展】 (1)whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事 whisper to sb that... 轻声对某人说…… whisper about sth 嘀咕某事 It is whispered that... 私下说……；秘密告诉…… (2)in a whisper/in whispers小声地，低声地 description n．描述，描写 【词汇拓展】 (1)beyond description难以描述 give a description of描述…… (2)describe... as... 把……描述成…… select vt.(selected, selected, selecting) 挑选，选拔 【词汇拓展】 select... for... 为……而挑选 select... from... 从……中挑选/选出 select... as/to be 选择……作为 select sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 calm vi.&vt.(calmed, calmed, calming) (使)平静，(使)镇定 【词汇拓展】 calm down 冷静下来 keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静 tear n. 眼泪，泪水 v．(tore, torn, tearing) 撕碎，扯开 【词汇拓展】 (1)in tears 流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 (2)tear sth apart 撕碎某物 tear sth down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物) tear sth up 把(纸/布)撕碎 (3)tear oneself away 勉强使自己离开 二、核心语法精讲 被动语态 一、被动语态的概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 ◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： They prohibit smoking in public areas. 谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即they是prohibit smoking这个动作的执行者。 ◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas. 主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 构成形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done 过去将来时 would/should＋be done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done 过去进行时 was/were＋being done 现在完成时 have/has＋been done 过去完成时 had＋been done 含情态动词 情态动词＋be done The boy is often seen to play basketball on the court. 人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。 The athlete was seen to enter the gym just now. 刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。 A new apartment will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新公寓。 The news would be sent to the volunteer’s mother the moment it arrived. 消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting at the moment. 目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。 An informal boxing match was being held when I arrived there. 我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。 People’s living quality has been greatly improved in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。 By the end of last year，another company had been completed. 到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。 The new teaching equipment must be sent to the rural school in no time. 这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。 三、在下列情况下使用被动语态 1．不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 The charity organization was built ten years ago. 这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。 2．强调动作的承受者。 Your plan is considered to be practical. 你的计划被认为是实用的。 3．在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。 The International Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit. 国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。 4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。 四、使用被动语态的注意问题 1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 He looks strong and energetic after going jogging regularly. 进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。 The problem proves tough and is difficult to deal with. 这个问题证明很难，并且很难处理。 (2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 You can depend on it that this kind of cloth washes well.你可以相信这种布料很好洗。 To our disappointment，the engine won’t start. 让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。 (3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 (4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult，easy，comfortable，hard，convenient，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 We find the guy is difficult to get along with. 我们发现这个家伙很难相处。 Our apartment is comfortable to live in. 我们的公寓住起来很舒服。 (5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting. ＝The plan required to be discussed on schedule at the meeting. 这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。 (6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等。 The gym opens at 8 a．m.and closes at 10 p．m.every day. 这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。 2．不用被动语态的情况 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。 Owing to the heavy snow，the price of vegetable has risen recently. 由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。 To our satisfaction，our dream came true at last. 令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Great changes (take) place in China in the past twenty years. 2．Because the surroundings are beautiful，the apartment building (sell) well. 3．As a result of the serious flood，the muddy roads in the rural area need (repair)． 4．I have no time to go with you because our new house (decorate) now. 5．It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal (serve)． 6．How many magazines can (borrow) from your library every week? 7．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in the near future. 8．I had not (wake) up by the alarm，so I was late for school this morning. 9．The expert said that a new hospital (build) near this village soon. 10．That company，though small，is pleasant (deal) with. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．We must healthy food，regular exercise and reasonable schedules. 我们必须重视健康的饮食、规律的运动和合理的日程安排。 2．Red lanterns are and firecrackers are let off to scare away the monster Nian. 红灯笼被挂起来，并且燃放鞭炮以吓走怪兽“年”。 3． ignore the importance of education. 我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 4． ，the boy arose from his chair immediately. 他妈妈一到家，这个男孩就赶快从椅子上起来了。 5． is of great benefit to your growth. 让你的周围都是积极向上的人对你的成长是有益的。 动词短语 一、含义 动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。 二、动词短语分类 1．动词＋介词　此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。 suffer from遭受……；graduate from毕业于……；apply for申请；adapt to适应；benefit from从……中获益 2．动词＋副词 (1)动词＋副词(不接宾语) pass away去世；pay off取得成功；come about发生；get ahead取得进步 (2)动词＋副词(接宾语) put up张贴；sweep away打扫；清除；put off推迟；throw away扔掉 3．动词＋副词＋介词 look forward to期盼……；try out for 参加……的选拔；sign up for报名参加……；keep up with跟上…… 4．动词＋名词 surf the Internet网上冲浪；remove one’s doubt消除某人的疑虑；make an effort尽力；catch sb.’s eye吸引某人的注意；earn one’s living谋生 5．动词＋名词＋介词 take advantage of利用；pay attention to注意；take part in参加 [重点三]　动词短语 1．常考动词的固定结构和搭配 (1)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： accuse 控告　　　　　cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知 remind 使想起 rob 抢劫 warn 警告 rid 使摆脱 suspect 怀疑 persuade 说服 convince 使信服 You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 (2)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： blame 责备 criticize 批评 forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅 pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚 scold 责备 thank 感谢 praise 赞扬 respect 尊重 admire 钦佩；赞赏 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，广受赞誉。 (3)★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing)sth.”结构的常见动词有： prevent 阻止 stop 阻止 keep 阻止 protect 保护 preserve 保护；保存 defend 保卫 ban 禁止 prohibit 阻止；禁止 shelter 保护 You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold. 你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。 2．常考的动词短语 remind sb.of sth.　提醒某人某事 result from 由……造成，因……而产生 call at 访问(某地) add to 增加 call for 要求；需要 care about 关心 end up with 以……结束 fix one’s eyes on 注视 give in 屈服；上交 get rid of 免除；摆脱 look down on/upon 轻视；看不起 make use of 利用 run out of 用完 take pride in 因……而自豪 live up to 不辜负 come up with 提出 take on 呈现 put forward 提出 put up with 忍受 make fun of 取笑 adapt to 适应 refer to 涉及；查阅；指的是 come across (偶然)遇见 pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；偶然习得 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Giant pandas also serve 　________　 an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 2．According to satellite monitoring results，the increase of vegetation in China accounted 　________　25 percent of the world’s total new greenery. 3．The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom　________　 building a community of shared future for humanity. 4．Museums must compete 　________　 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 5．It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and　________　work. 6．It was built originally to protect the city 　________　 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The school was built who had made significant contributions to society. 为了纪念对社会做出巨大贡献的那位科学家而建了这所学校。 2．Success depends on whether you simple things perfectly. 成功取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做完美。 3．Parents are responsible for making sure their children . 父母都有责任保证他们的孩子行为端正。 4． not what you say but what you do that counts. 不是你说了什么而是你做了什么很重要。 单元写作清单 一、 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是描述一个事件。应注意以下几点： 1．写明你要描述该事件的原因； 2．写明事件发生的地点、时间、场合和人物； 3．用行为动词和连词把它们按正确的顺序排列起来； 4．最后描述自己的感受。 常用表达： 1．It was a fine day and I．.. 2．One day，I happened to do... 3．When I was walking in the street... 4．Last week，my friend and I．.. 5．On my way to school，I came across... 6．In the end，I succeeded in doing... 7．To my relief，it... 8．From this experience，I learned that... 9．This is how I．.. 10．I was deeply moved by his... 二、写作实践 分布演练 假如你是李华，上周日是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸还有弟弟一起为妈妈庆祝了生日。请根据下面的提示，用英语把这件事描述一下。 1．上周日是妈妈的五十岁生日； 2．家人都为她准备了生日礼物； 3．爸爸下厨做了好吃的饭菜； 4．大家一起祝妈妈生日快乐，感谢她为家里所做的一切。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是描述为妈妈庆祝生日的事情。写作时应注意以下几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是描写为妈妈过生日的事情，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代背景； 第二段：描述庆祝生日的过程； 第三段：表达自己的感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．度过快乐的一天 2．秘密地进行交谈 3．零花钱 4．对……惊讶 5．下班回家 6．因某事而感谢某人 [连词成句] 1．我爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地进行了交谈。 My father，brother and I secretly. 2．我们讨论了怎样庆祝妈妈的生日。(疑问词＋不定式) We discussed . 3．我们到家时，看到一张桌子已经摆好了。(主谓宾宾补) When we got home， . 4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。(there be句型) . 5．我们都对她说：“生日快乐！” . 6．我们感谢她为家里所做的一切。(what宾语从句) We all thanked her for . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把句1和句2用现在分词作伴随状语合成一句话。 My father，brother and I had a talk secretly， . 2．请把句3和句4用with复合结构合成一句话。 When we got home，we saw a table laid . 3．请把句5和句6用现在分词短语作伴随状语合成一句话。 We all said “Happy Birthday！” to her， . 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 易错点01：scare / scared / scary 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 The scary (令人害怕的) monster in the film scared (吓到了) the children so much that they felt extremely scared (感到害怕的) and were almost scared to death (吓得要死), though their mother tried to scare away (吓跑) their fear by turning on all the lights. 【错因辨析】 词条 词性 用法 例句 scare vt. 吓唬，使惊恐（强调动作/行为） The loud noise scared me. scared adj. 感到害怕的（修饰人，描述心理状态） I'm scared of snakes. scary adj. 令人害怕的（修饰事物，描述性质） That was a scary movie. scare away/off 短语 把……吓跑（强调结果） The dog scared away the thief. scare sb into doing 短语 恐吓某人做某事 He scared her into telling the truth. be scared to death 短语 吓得要死（夸张表达恐惧） I was scared to death. be scared to do 短语 害怕/不敢做某事 She is scared to go out alone. 【速记口诀】 事物用 scary ，人用 scared scare 是动作，scared 是感受 吓跑用 away ，吓死用 to death 害怕做某事，记住 to do 【对点训练】 用 scare / scared / scary 的适当形式填空： ①　The dark cave looked so ______ that nobody dared to enter it. ②　The sudden thunder ______ the little girl and she burst into tears. ③　All the children were deeply ______ by the horror film. ④　It's a ______ experience to walk alone in the forest at midnight. ⑤　The straw man looked so ______ in the field that all the birds were ______ away. 易错点02：attach / stick / fasten 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 We usually attach (附上，强调"附属/重视") great importance to the character "Fu", which is attached (粘贴，强调"用胶水等粘附") to the door upside down, and fasten (系紧，强调"牢固地固定") red lanterns to the ceiling with strings. 【错因辨析】 词条 搭配 用法 例句 attach attach A to B 把A连接到B上（可用胶水、绳子等）；引申为"重视/附上" Attach a stamp to the envelope. / attach importance to health stick stick A to B / stick to 用胶水等粘住；粘附；坚持 Stick the picture to the wall. / stick to your dream fasten fasten A to B 系紧、扣住（强调牢固固定） Fasten your seat belt. 【速记口诀】 重视用 attach ，粘贴也用 attach 胶水粘住用 stick ，系紧扣牢用 fasten attached to 表爱慕，介词 to 不能丢 【对点训练】 用 attach / stick / fasten 的适当形式填空： ①　Please find my article in the ______ (attach). ②　He ______ the kite with a string to the post. ③　We should ______ great importance to protecting our traditional culture. ④　The old man ______ the photo to the wall with glue. ⑤　The middle school is ______ to a normal college. 易错点03：congratulation / celebrate / honour 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 We celebrated (庆祝节日/活动) the Spring Festival by holding a family gathering, and I sent congratulations (祝贺信/贺词) to my cousin who won the first prize, which honoured (给……带来荣誉/尊敬) our whole family. 【错因辨析】 词条 词性 搭配 用法 congratulate vt. congratulate sb on sth 动词形式，向某人祝贺 celebrate v. celebrate + 节日/事件 庆祝节日、生日、胜利等（以活动形式） honour vt./n. in honour of; It's an honour to do 给……带来荣誉；尊敬；纪念 【速记口诀】 节日活动用 celebrate ，成功祝贺 congratulate congratulations 常用复数，on 接事别忘记 honour 表尊敬和荣誉，纪念某人 in honour of 【对点训练】 一、用 congratulate / celebrate / honour 的适当形式填空： ①　We ______ the Lantern Festival by eating sweet dumplings. ②　I'm writing to ______ you on your success in the competition. ③　______ to you on your graduation! ④　A statue was built in ______ of the great scientist. 二、单句语法填空： ①　I offered my sincere ______ (congratulate) on their wedding. ②　It is a great ______ (honour) to be invited to speak here. 易错点04：account / account for / on account of / take...into account 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 On account of (由于) the bad weather, many flights were cancelled, which accounted for (占……比例/解释) the long delay at the airport, so we should take this factor into account (考虑) when making travel plans. 【错因辨析】 词条 词性/搭配 含义 例句 account n. 描述，报道；账目，账户 give a vivid account of the trip account for 动词短语 占……比例；说明/解释 Students account for 50% of the customers. on account of 介词短语 由于，因为（= because of） He was late on account of the heavy rain. take...into account 动词短语 考虑到；把……考虑进去 You should take your health into account. on no account 介词短语 决不（位于句首倒装） On no account should we give up. 【速记口诀】 叙述账目用 account ，解释原因 account for on account of 表原因，take into account 是考虑 on no account 表决不，句首倒装要牢记 【对点训练】 一、完成句子： ①　请把这次事故描述一下。 Please give an ______ of the accident. ②　年轻人占这家公司员工的大多数。 Young people ______ most of the staff in this company. ③　由于生病，他没能参加聚会。 He didn't attend the party ______ his illness. ④　考虑到他的年龄，我们应该对他更耐心些。 We should be more patient with him, ______ his age ______. 二、翻译： 我们决不应以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。 ______ should we develop economy at the cost of the environment. 易错点05：surround / surrounding / surroundings 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 I was surrounded by (被……包围) my friends in the beautiful and peaceful surroundings (周围环境), and the surrounding (周围的) mountains added to the charm of the small village. 【错因辨析】 词条 词性 用法 例句 surround vt. 环绕，围绕 Trees surround the house. surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 the surrounding areas surroundings n. (pl.) 周围环境 adapt to new surroundings 【速记口诀】 动词 surround 表环绕，被动 by 加被包围 surrounding 作形容词，放在名词前作定语 surroundings 是环境，复数形式记心里 【对点训练】 用 surround / surrounding / surroundings 的适当形式填空： ①　The small village is ______ by beautiful mountains. ②　The ______ scenery is beyond description. ③　We should learn to adapt to new ______ quickly. ④　______ with friends and relatives, people feel warm and happy. ⑤　The ______ buildings were damaged in the earthquake. 易错点06：put up / put on / put away / put out / put forward 的辨析 【一句话辨异】 We put up (张贴/建造) red couplets on the door, put on (上演/穿上) a wonderful performance, put away (收好) the tools after work, and put out (扑灭) the firecrackers carefully, while the expert put forward (提出) a new plan for the celebration. 【错因辨析】 词条 含义 例句 put up 张贴；举起；留宿；建造，搭起 put up a notice / put up your hand put on 上演；穿上；增加 put on a play / put on weight put away 收好，放好 put away your toys put out 扑灭 put out the fire put forward 提出（建议/意见等） put forward a good idea put aside 储存；留出；搁置 put aside some money 【速记口诀】 张贴举起 put up ，上演穿上 put on 收好放好 put away ，扑灭火苗 put out 提出建议 put forward ，储存留出 put aside 【对点训练】 用 put up / put on / put away / put out / put forward 填空： ①　It's a tradition to ______ red couplets to celebrate the Spring Festival. ②　The students ______ an excellent show at the school art festival. ③　Please ______ your toys and keep the room tidy. ④　The firefighters tried hard to ______ the big fire. ⑤　He ______ a new plan for the project at the meeting. 一、单元知识回顾 1． 写出与account相关的短语 (1)__________________把……考虑在内　　 (2)__________________因为，由于 (3)__________________决不 (4)__________________报告；叙述；说明 (5)__________________解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占 2．写出与attach/attached相关的短语 (1)__________________把…附在…上，把…固定到…上 (2)__________________认为…重要/有意义 (3)__________________附属于；依恋 3．写出与put相关的短语 (1)put up__________________ (2)put away__________________ (3)put down __________________ (4)put forward __________________ (5)put off __________________ (6)put on __________________ (7)put out __________________ (8)put aside __________________ 4．写出与effort相关的短语 (1)make an effort__________________ (2)make an/every effort/efforts to do sth __________________ (3)spare no efforts to do sth__________________ (4)with (an) effort_________________ (5)without effort__________________ 5．写出与as...as... 相关的短语 (1)as far as__________________ (2)as long as_________________ (3)as soon as__________________ (4)as well as __________________ 6．写出与intend/intention 相关的短语 (1)hang out__________________ (2)hang on to sth.__________________ (3)hang up__________________ (4)hang on__________________ (5)hang about/around__________________ 7．写出与mess相关的短语 (1)in a mess__________________ (2)make a mess of_________________ (3)mess up__________________ 8． 写出与catch相关的短语 (1)catch sb's eye __________________ (2)keep an eye out for__________________ (3)have an eye for __________________ (4)fix sb's eyes on__________________ (5)look sb in the eye__________________ 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Air is so fresh in this small village _____________ (围绕) with high mountains. 2．You should remember to mind your own _____________ (行为) no matter where you go. 3．The _____________ (退休的) worker still pays great attention to his former company though he is old. 4．The young lady _____________ (问候) her neighbours with sweet smiles whenever she meets them. 5．Being a good teacher calls for a wide range of knowledge as well as great _____________ (耐心)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We meet for a _____________ (gather) from time to time to promote our friendship. 2．These happy childhood _____________ (memory) frequently flash in his mind. 3．_____________ (origin), this school was a small temple, but now it turns out to be a large modern school. 4．This text clearly accounts ______ the accident which took place in the gas station last week. 5．With time going by, more and more people attach great importance _______ their health. Ⅲ.选词填空 make an effort; calm down; put up; over and over; catch sb.'s eye 1．You'll have to _____________ and devote yourself before you can reach your goal. 2．Soon the big fire _____________ and all the passers­by went up and put it out together. 3．The little boy read the text _____________ and finally he was able to recite it. 4．The company _____________an advertisement on the evening news to call for new hands. 5．The little boy cried so hard and it took him a long time before he finally _____________． Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．人们相信，有朝一日，人类将移居到其他星球上去。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句) _____________ one day, human beings will move to live on other planets. 2．我一到火车站，火车就离开了。(the moment引导时间状语从句) The train left _____________． 3．这个小孩是如此伤心，以至于他一见到母亲就扑了过去。(so…that…) The child was _____________ he threw himself to his mother the moment he saw her. 4．前天，正是在这条大道上我遇见了我的大学同学。(强调句型) _____________ I met my school friend in university the day before yesterday. 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 The Spring Festival is highly valued in China. People begin to prepare a week 1._____________the festival, cleaning their homes. This means 2._____________ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year. Also, the Chinese character Fu is often put upside down, which means 3._____________(happy) arrives. For people 4._____________work outside, they start planning their trip home early. When they get home, it is great 5._____________ (hear) what everyone's been up to. Weeks before the festival, parents start to think about what they need to buy and what dishes need to 6._____________(prepare)．Houses always buzz with 7._____________(activity) when everyone comes home. The greatest 8._____________(excite) begins when people sit together to enjoy a big dinner. They always have jiaozi, a sign of their wishes for health and happiness in the 9._____________(come) year. However, what they eat isn't the most important thing. 10._____________is important is who they eat it with. To everyone, the Spring Festival is the joy of a family gathering. Lesson 3 It was a 1_____________(wind) November day when Granny came. Somehow, I didn't know she was sick. She spent most of her time on the sofa by the fire.2_____________ I wrote a letter to Father Christmas, Granny tried to help me. In December, 3_____________ (we) excitement grew each day. Granny and I made sugar biscuits and we sang Christmas songs. 4_____________Christmas Eve, we put a stocking at the end of my bed. I remember Granny 5_____________(sit) on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleep. My stocking was full of gifts the next morning, and there were 6 _____________ (present) under the tree. I was on my best 7 _____________ (behave) as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me over.“I have something special for you,” she 8_____________ (whisper)． Before long she passed away. I think of her often though, 9 _____________ (especial) at Christmas. Now I'm the one 10_____________ makes sugar biscuits each year, and I always make one in a G­shape — G for Granny. 五、阅读理解 A Winter Solstice Celebrations from Around the World The winter solstice, the longest night of the year, falls on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and June 20 or 21 in the Southern.Since ancient times, people all over the world have recognized this important occurrence and celebrated the following “return” of the Sun in a variety of different ways.Old solstice traditions have influenced holidays we celebrate now, such as Christmas and Hanukkah.Here are some solstice traditions both new and old to help light your way to longer days. Soyal Soyal is the winter solstice celebration of the Hopi Indians of northern Arizona.Ceremonies include purification, dancing, and sometimes gift－giving.At the time of the solstice, Hopi welcome the kachinas, some protective gods from the mountains.Prayer sticks are crafted and used for various blessings and other ceremonies. Yalda The Persian festival Yalda, or Shab－e Yalda, is a celebration of the winter solstice in Iran that started in ancient times.It marks the last day of the Persian month of Azar.Yalda is viewed traditionally as the victory of light over dark, and the birthday of the sun god Mithra.Families celebrate together with special foods like nuts and some stay awake all night long to welcome the morning sun. Midwinter in Antarctica Even Antarctica gets its share of solstice celebration, thanks to the researchers staying there over the long, dangerously cold season.While those of us in the Northern Hemisphere are enjoying the most daylight hours, in the Southern Hemisphere they are celebrating Midwinter.Festivities include special meals, films, and sometimes even handmade gifts. 1．What can be learned about winter solstice？ A.It is a traditional Christmas celebration. B.It is a big event only in Southern globe. C.It has a great influence on the climate. D.It enjoys global recognition. 2．How do Hopi Indians observe Soyal？ A.By making prayers in the day. B.By wandering the wilderness. C.By dancing and sending gifts. D.By staying up all night long. 3．Where can you expect films during winter solstice？ A.In Antarctica. B．In China. C.In India. D．In Iran. B Two years ago, my friend Terry and I were living in our dormitory at our university.With his birthday approaching, he came to me with an unusual request.Instead of receiving presents and getting drunk (like most every other 21－year－old would), he wanted to do some acts of kindness.I was struck with such an idea.He told me about a TED talk he had watched online, which had inspired him. Our university is not located in the safest area in Los Angeles.In fact, its location is so unsafe that the school employs the second largest private legal militia (民兵队伍) in the United States to protect its students.They have to work around the clock, standing on street corners throughout the university keeping watch.It's a thankless job as most students grow used to seeing officers all around and finally hardly even notice their presence. How could we show them our appreciation? We rented a truck and asked its driver to drive us around the place where we knew the officers would be and we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate.The truck driver was a bit hesitant (犹豫的) about our plan at first but after a while he was helping us spot officers and our lively spirits had spread to him as well.Smiles and appreciative words from the officers impressed us a lot.Soon they were talking about us over their radio and we were the ones being spotted and called over.Finally, the hot chocolate seemed secondary (次要的) to their interest in meeting us, the two boys that went around with hot chocolate expecting to share some late－night laughter.It was amazing to see how a small simple act could lift everyone's spirits. 4．What inspired Terry to celebrate his birthday in a different way？ A.A radio speech. B.An online video. C.His concern for other people. D.Every other 21－year－old's birthday celebrations. 5．What do most students think of the officers？ A.They don't think the officers perform their duty well. B.They feel frightened to see the officers around. C.They are not used to being watched by the officers. D.They seldom appreciate the officers' hard work. 6．How did the truck driver respond to the idea at first？ A.He was unwilling to accept the idea. B.He couldn't wait to join the two boys. C.He was strongly against the idea. D.He was struck with the idea. 7．What would be the best title for the text？ A.Lovely officers around the school B.Importance of school safety C.A unique birthday request D.Late－night laughter 六、七选五 Join the Friends and find the place that's right for you ●Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum? Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families, students, scholars, and alumni (校友).1( )．Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you. ● 2( )? As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum's educational programs.By joining the Friends, you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience, to enjoy, and to love. ●What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy? 3( )．When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum, you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum, but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like­minded individuals.4( ), and they get invitations to exhibition openings, lectures, travel opportunities, and lively social gatherings. ●How do I join the Friends? Becoming a Friend is easy.5( ), return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer, you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become­a­member, or when you visit the Museum Store. A.Why does membership matter B.How can I learn about the Friends C.Simply complete the membership form D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum's quarterly magazine G.Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds 七、完形填空 A Wish with Wings, our organization, grants wishes for children with serious illnesses.Each year Wish also gives a Christmas party, where 1 are distributed.But this year, Wish had 2 170 gifts, wrapped and ready for the party, in a theft, just nine hours before the party was to 3 . About an hour after we called the local 4 and TV stations, a family who had heard the radio report arrived with gifts already wrapped.Other people soon 5 .We began to feel 6 ：Maybe we could still have the party. Phone calls flooded in and the city came 7 .More strangers had arrived, offering gifts and labor.Nothing I had ever 8 could have prepared me for what I saw there—people lined up at the door, arms 9 with gifts.One was a little boy who had brought things from his own room.One family in which the father had been laid off brought the presents from under their own 10 .By 5：50 pm, just before the first of the more than 100 children arrived, 11 presents had been delivered to us.Somehow, workers had 12 the donated items with the youngsters' wishes, so many received just what they wanted.Their faces shone with 13 as they opened the packages. When I was 14 by the local news, I summed up everyone's feeling: “It's really Christmas now.” We had all caught the 15 of the season. 1．A.food B．money C.gifts D．cards 2．A.lost B．sold C.destroyed D．hidden 3．A.cancel B．postpone C.arrange D．begin 4．A.radio B．hospital C.railway D．school 5．A.cheered B．followed C.fled D．relaxed 6．A.hope B．doubt C.warmth D．panic 7．A.awake B．aware C.alert D．alive 8．A.achieved B．witnessed C.expected D．guessed 9．A.decorated B．tied C.loaded D．covered 10．A.table B．sofa C.bed D．tree 11．A.delicate B．expensive C.enough D．unique 12．A.matched up B．linked up C.added up D．packed up 13．A.shock B．delight C.eagerness D．curiosity 14．A.investigated B．questioned C.interviewed D．applauded 15．A.spirit B．difference C.secret D．change 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $