Unit 1 A New Start.语法精讲精练2025-2026学年外研版七年级上册英语

该初中英语知识清单聚焦外研版七上Unit 1“人称代词与物主代词”语法点，涵盖主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词四大类，按“人称×单复数”建立完整词形矩阵，搭建从词形记忆到句法应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词形总表+记忆要点+句法规则”系统呈现知识，如标注主格I永远大写、you/it主宾同形等记忆技巧，提炼“主格句首当主语，动介之后用宾格”口诀，配套典型例题解析和综合演练，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，教师可直接用于课堂精讲，学生能自主对照练习，高效掌握语法要点。

外研版 七上 Unit 1 A New Start.语法精讲精练 —— 人称代词与物主代词（四大类完整体系）—— 使用说明 代词是英语句子的基本构件。本讲整合人称代词与物主代词的四大类——人称代词主格、人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词，按「人称 × 单复数」建立完整词形矩阵，核心方法是「看代词在句中的位置（句法成分）来选择形式」：句首作主语用主格，动词/介词后作宾语用宾格，名词前用形容词性物主代词，独立使用用名词性物主代词。配套四大类混合训练，答案与解析附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、四大类代词完整词形总表 人称/数 主格（作主语） 宾格（作宾语） 形容词性物主（+名词） 名词性物主（独立） 含义 第一人称单数 I me my mine 我 第一人称复数 we us our ours 我们 第二人称单数 you you your yours 你 第二人称复数 you you your yours 你们 第三人称单数（男） he him his his 他 第三人称单数（女） she her her hers 她 第三人称单数（物） it it its its 它 第三人称复数 they them their theirs 他/她/它们 【注】记忆要点：① 主格 I 永远大写；② you、it 主宾同形；③ his、its 形容词性与名词性同形；④ my→mine 特殊，其余名词性多为「形容词性 + s」。 二、人称代词主格：位于句首作主语 主格代词在句中作主语，一般位于谓语动词之前。 人称 单数 复数 例句 第一人称 I（我） we（我们） I am a girl. We are good friends. 第二人称 you（你） you（你们） You are a student. You are classmates. 第三人称 he/she/it（他/她/它） they（他/她/它们） He/She is fine. They are friends. It is a cat. She is a doctor and he is a teacher. 她是医生，他是老师。 It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。（it 指天气） 三、人称代词宾格：位于动词或介词后作宾语 宾格代词在句中作宾语，位于及物动词之后（动宾）或介词之后（介宾）。 人称 单数 复数 例句 第一人称 me（我） us（我们） Can you help me? Please look after us. 第二人称 you（你） you（你们） Nice to meet you. I will call you later. 第三人称 him/her/it（他/她/它） them（他/她/它们） You can ask them for help. I like him/her/it. （一）作动词宾语（动宾） Our teacher often praises us. 我们老师经常表扬我们。（动词 praises 后） I met him at the school gate. 我在校门口遇见了他。 （二）作介词宾语（介宾） Please look after them while I'm away. 我不在时请照看他们。（介词 after 后） This gift is for you, not for me. 这份礼物是给你的，不是给我的。 【易错警示】介词 to/for/with/about/after/at 等后面必须用宾格。不能说 *with he，必须说 with him；不能说 *for I，必须说 for me。 四、形容词性物主代词：用在名词前作定语 形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表示该名词的归属。 人称 单数（+名词） 复数（+名词） 例句 第一人称 my our This is my book. These are our books. 第二人称 your your Is this your book? Are these your books? 第三人称 his/her/its their His coat is blue. Her coat is yellow. Its name is Mimi. Their classroom is clean. I have a cat. Its name is Mimi. 我有一只猫，它的名字叫咪咪。 Their classroom is very clean. 他们的教室很干净。 五、名词性物主代词：独立使用，起名词作用 名词性物主代词相当于「形容词性物主代词 + 前面出现过的名词」，可独立作主语、表语、宾语，后面绝不能再接名词。 人称 单数（独立） 复数（独立） 例句 第一人称 mine ours This book is mine. These books are ours. 第二人称 yours yours Is this book yours? Are these books yours? 第三人称 his/hers/its theirs The blue coat is his. The yellow one is hers. This ball is its. These flowers are theirs. My bike is new, but hers is old. (= her bike) 我的自行车新，但她的旧。 These flowers are theirs. 这些花是他们的。 六、核心方法：看位置，选形式 代词在句中的位置/成分 选用形式 示例 句首、谓语动词前（作主语） 主格 I/He/She/We/They like music. 及物动词之后（动宾） 宾格 help me / like him / ask them 介词之后（介宾） 宾格 for us / with her / after them 名词之前（作定语） 形容词性物主 my book / his pen / their room 独立使用，作主语/表语/宾语，后无名词 名词性物主 The book is mine. Mine is red. 【易错警示】一句口诀定形式：「主格句首当主语，动介之后用宾格，名词前面形容词性，独立使用名词性」。 七、并列人称代词的排列顺序 多个代词并列时，单数通常按「第二人称 → 第三人称 → 第一人称（you, he/she and I）」排列；复数按「一、二、三（we, you and they）」排列。 You, he and I are good friends. 你、他和我是好朋友。（单数 2→3→1） We, you and they should work together. 我们、你们和他们应该合作。（复数 1→2→3） 【注】承认错误或承担责任时，第一人称 I 放在最前：I and my brother broke the window. 我和弟弟打碎了窗户。 八、it 的特殊用法 用法 说明 例句 指人（不明身份） 敲门、打电话时指人 Who is it? It's me. 是谁？是我。 指时间/天气/距离 无实际词义，作形式主语 It is sunny today. It's five o'clock. It's far from here. 作形式主语 代替真正的主语（不定式/从句） It is easy to learn English. 作形式宾语 find/think it + adj. + to do I find it hard to get up early. 九、典型例题精讲 【例1】______ are good friends. I often play basketball with ______. A. They; they B. Them; them C. They; them D. Them; they 【答案】C 【解析】第一空句首作主语用主格 They；第二空介词 with 后作宾语用宾格 them，故选 C。 【例2】This isn't ______ pen. ______ is in the bag. A. her; Her B. hers; Hers C. her; Hers D. hers; Her 【答案】C 【解析】第一空后有名词 pen 用形容词性 her；第二空独立作主语、后无名词用名词性 Hers，故选 C。 【例3】My mother bought a new schoolbag for ______ and ______ brother. A. I; my B. me; my C. me; mine D. I; mine 【答案】B 【解析】第一空介词 for 后用宾格 me；第二空后有名词 brother 用形容词性 my，故选 B。 【例4】—Who taught ______ English? —Nobody. ______ learned it by ______. A. your; I; me B. you; I; myself C. your; Me; myself D. you; Me; me 【答案】B 【解析】taught 后接宾格 you；第二空句首作主语用主格 I；by oneself 独自，用 myself，故选 B。 【例5】Our classroom is bigger than ______. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them 【答案】C 【解析】比较对象对等，their classroom = theirs，后无名词独立使用用名词性，故选 C。 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共20分） 1. ______ often help ______ with ______ English after class. A. They; we; our B. Them; us; our C. They; us; our D. They; us; ours 2. This is ______ sister. ______ is a nurse. A. my; She B. mine; Her C. my; Her D. mine; She 3. —Is this ______ umbrella? —No, it's not ______. A. your; my B. yours; mine C. your; mine D. yours; my 4. Please give ______ the book. ______ need it now. A. me; I B. I; Me C. me; Me D. I; I 5. The little boy is too young to dress ______. A. him B. himself C. his D. he 6. ______ classroom is bigger than ______. A. Our; their B. Ours; theirs C. Our; theirs D. Ours; their 7. My parents love ______ very much, and ______ love them too. A. I; I B. me; me C. me; I D. I; me 8. These are ______ desks. ______ are over there. A. our; Your B. ours; Yours C. our; Yours D. ours; Your 9. The dog wagged ______ tail when ______ saw ______ owner. A. its; it; its B. it's; it; it's C. its; it; it's D. it's; its; its 10. —Who is knocking at the door? —______ must be Tom. A. He B. She C. It D. They 11. A friend of ______ will come to see ______ this Sunday. A. me; me B. mine; me C. my; I D. mine; my 12. ______ and ______ are in the same class. (你和我) A. I; you B. You; I C. You; me D. Me; you 13. This pen isn't ______. Is it ______? A. his; her B. him; hers C. his; hers D. him; her 14. Could you help ______ with ______ homework, please? A. we; our B. us; ours C. us; our D. we; ours 15. The flowers are for ______. Do you like ______? A. you; them B. your; they C. you; they D. your; them 16. ______ is a lovely cat. ______ name is Snowball and I love ______ very much. A. It; Its; it B. It; It's; it C. Its; Its; it D. It; Its; its 17. Tom is a friend of ______. ______ often play together. A. me; We B. mine; We C. my; Us D. mine; Us 18. This is not ______ classroom. ______ is on the second floor. A. their; Their B. theirs; Theirs C. their; Theirs D. theirs; Their 19. Don't worry about ______. ______ can look after ______. A. me; I; me B. me; I; myself C. myself; I; me D. I; Me; myself 20. His answer is right, but ______ is wrong. Let ______ correct it. A. her; she B. hers; her C. hers; she D. her; hers 二、用所给代词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. ______ (we) should learn to look after ______ (we). 2. The bike over there is ______ (he), not ______ (she). 3. Can you tell ______ (I) the way to the station? 4. These are ______ (they) toys. ______ (they) like ______ (they) very much. 5. ______ (you) may ask ______ (he) for help if ______ (you) need. 6. This is ______ (I) pen. Where is ______ (you)? 7. The baby is crying. ______ (it) must be hungry. Please feed ______ (it). 8. Miss Li teaches ______ (we) English. ______ (she) is kind to ______ (we). 9. My watch is broken. Can ______ (I) use ______ (you)? 10. ______ (they) team won the game, and ______ (we) lost ______ (we). 11. The cat is washing ______ (it) face with ______ (it) paws. 12. Lucy and Lily are twins. ______ (they) mother often dresses ______ (they) in the same clothes. 13. This dictionary is ______ (I). ______ (it) cover is blue. 14. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, kids; make ______ (you) at home. 三、改错（每小题2分，共10分） 下列各句均有一处代词错误，请找出并改正。 1. Him and me are good friends. ______ → ______ 2. This isn't my book; my is in the bag. ______ → ______ 3. Please look after they when I'm away. ______ → ______ 4. Our school is bigger than their. ______ → ______ 5. The dog is chasing it's tail. ______ → ______ 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】C 【解析】句首作主语 They；help 后宾格 us；English 前形容词性 our 2. 【答案】A 【解析】sister 前用 my；句首作主语用主格 She 3. 【答案】C 【解析】umbrella 前用 your；独立作表语用 mine 4. 【答案】A 【解析】give 后宾格 me；句首主语用主格 I 5. 【答案】B 【解析】dress oneself 自己穿衣，用反身代词 himself 6. 【答案】C 【解析】classroom 前用 our；独立使用用 theirs 7. 【答案】C 【解析】love 后宾格 me；句首主语用主格 I 8. 【答案】C 【解析】desks 前用 our；独立作主语用 Yours 9. 【答案】A 【解析】tail/owner 前用 its；句中主语用 it 10. 【答案】C 【解析】不明身份敲门人用 it 指代 11. 【答案】B 【解析】双重所有格 a friend of mine；see 后宾格 me 12. 【答案】B 【解析】单数并列 2→3→1，You and I 13. 【答案】C 【解析】两空均独立使用，用名词性 his/hers 14. 【答案】C 【解析】help 后宾格 us；homework 前形容词性 our 15. 【答案】A 【解析】for 后宾格 you；like 后宾格 them 16. 【答案】A 【解析】句首主语 It；name 前 Its；love 后宾格 it 17. 【答案】B 【解析】双重所有格 of mine；句首主语 We 18. 【答案】C 【解析】classroom 前 their；独立主语 Theirs 19. 【答案】B 【解析】about 后宾格 me；句首主语 I；look after oneself 用 myself 20. 【答案】B 【解析】独立主语用 hers；let 后宾格 her 二、适当形式填空 1. 【答案】We; ourselves 【解析】句首主语主格 We；look after oneself 用反身代词 2. 【答案】his; hers 【解析】两空独立作表语，用名词性 3. 【答案】me 【解析】tell 后双宾语，用宾格 4. 【答案】their; They; them 【解析】toys 前 their；句首主语 They；like 后宾格 them 5. 【答案】You; him; you 【解析】句首主语 You；ask 后宾格 him；从句主语 you 6. 【答案】my; yours 【解析】pen 前 my；独立使用 yours = your pen 7. 【答案】It; it 【解析】句首主语 It；feed 后宾格 it 8. 【答案】us; She; us 【解析】teaches 后宾格 us；句首主语 She；to 后宾格 us 9. 【答案】I; yours 【解析】从句主语 I；独立宾语 yours = your watch 10. 【答案】Their; we; ours 【解析】team 前 Their；句中主语 we；独立宾语 ours = our game 11. 【答案】its; its 【解析】face、paws 前都用形容词性 its 12. 【答案】Their; them 【解析】mother 前 Their；dresses 后宾格 them 13. 【答案】mine; Its 【解析】独立表语 mine；cover 前 Its 14. 【答案】yourselves; yourselves 【解析】help oneself / make oneself at home，kids 复数用 yourselves 三、改错 1. 【答案】Him and me → He and I 【解析】并列主语都用主格 2. 【答案】my (第二个) → mine 【解析】独立作主语用名词性 mine 3. 【答案】they → them 【解析】介词 after 后用宾格 4. 【答案】their → theirs 【解析】比较对等，独立使用用名词性 5. 【答案】it's → its 【解析】「它的」用物主代词 its，无撇号 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $