应用文--运动与体育比赛（背诵版）清单 -2027届安徽省高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦运动与体育比赛应用文备考，系统涵盖高分词汇与句型两大核心模块，词汇按运动项目、比赛竞争、身体素质、体育精神四大维度细分，句型分为描述比赛、表达看法、体育精神呼吁三类。 清单采用★★★★标注核心词汇，配套实用搭配短语如“score a goal”“fair play”，句型结合场景化表达培养语言能力与思维品质，如描述比赛的终场哨声欢呼场景。助力学生构建完整知识体系，提升自主复习效率，为教师提供精准教学支持。

2027届安徽省高中英语--应用文运动与体育比赛（背诵版） 第一部分：运动与体育比赛高分词汇（★★★★） 一、运动项目类（替换sport，按维度细分） 1. sport /spɔːt/ n/v. 运动、体育、炫耀 2. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ n/v. 锻炼、运动、练习 3. workout /ˈwɜːkaʊt/ n. 锻炼、训练、测验 4. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康、健身、适合 5. athletics /æθˈletɪks/ n. 田径、体育运动、竞技 6. running /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ n. 跑步、赛跑、运转 7. jogging /ˈdʒɒɡɪŋ/ n. 慢跑、轻跑 8. swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ n. 游泳、游泳运动 9. cycling /ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ n. 骑自行车、骑行 10. hiking /ˈhaɪkɪŋ/ n. 徒步旅行、远足 11. climbing /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/ n. 攀登、登山、攀岩 12. basketball /ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/ n. 篮球、篮球运动 13. football /ˈfʊtbɔːl/ n. 足球、橄榄球 14. soccer /ˈsɒkə/ n. 足球、英式足球 15. tennis /ˈtenɪs/ n. 网球、网球运动 16. volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔːl/ n. 排球、排球运动 17. badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球、羽毛球运动 18. table tennis /ˈteɪbl ˈtenɪs/ n. 乒乓球、桌球 19. baseball /ˈbeɪsbɔːl/ n. 棒球、棒球运动 20. golf /ɡɒlf/ n. 高尔夫球、高尔夫球运动 21. boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. 拳击、拳击运动 22. wrestling /ˈreslɪŋ/ n. 摔跤、摔跤运动 23. skating /ˈskeɪtɪŋ/ n. 滑冰、溜冰 24. skiing /ˈskiːɪŋ/ n. 滑雪、滑雪运动 25. surfing /ˈsɜːfɪŋ/ n. 冲浪、冲浪运动 26. yoga /ˈjəʊɡə/ n. 瑜伽、瑜伽术 27. gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 体操、体操运动 28. martial arts /ˈmɑːʃl ɑːts/ n. 武术、格斗术 29. marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松、马拉松赛跑 30. relay /ˈriːleɪ/ n/v. 接力赛、接力、传递 搭配短语： - play basketball/football 打篮球/足球 - play tennis/badminton 打网球/羽毛球 - go swimming/running 去游泳/跑步 - go hiking/climbing 去远足/爬山 - work out at the gym 在健身房锻炼 - do yoga 做瑜伽 - take up a sport 开始一项运动 - compete in a race 参加赛跑 - win a match/game 赢得比赛 - lose a match/game 输掉比赛 - score a goal 进球得分 - score a point 得分 - break a record 打破纪录 - set a new record 创造新纪录 - hold a record 保持纪录 - a team sport 团队运动 - an individual sport 个人运动 - outdoor sports 户外运动 - indoor sports 室内运动 - physical education (PE) 体育 二、比赛与竞争类（替换match，按维度细分） 1. match /mætʃ/ n/v. 比赛、竞赛、匹配 2. game /ɡeɪm/ n. 游戏、比赛、运动 3. race /reɪs/ n/v. 赛跑、比赛、竞争 4. competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. 比赛、竞争、竞赛 5. contest /ˈkɒntest/ n/v. 竞赛、比赛、争夺 6. tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛、联赛、比赛 7. championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n. 冠军赛、锦标赛、冠军地位 8. league /liːɡ/ n. 联盟、联赛、社团 9. cup /kʌp/ n. 奖杯、杯子、杯赛 10. final /ˈfaɪnl/ n/adj. 决赛、最终的、最后的 11. semifinal /ˌsemiˈfaɪnl/ n. 半决赛、准决赛 12. quarterfinal /ˌkwɔːtəˈfaɪnl/ n. 四分之一决赛 13. round /raʊnd/ n. 轮次、回合、圆形 14. heat /hiːt/ n. 预赛、小组赛、热度 15. qualifier /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪə/ n. 预选赛、资格赛、合格者 16. knockout /ˈnɒkaʊt/ n. 淘汰赛、击倒 17. playoff /ˈpleɪɒf/ n. 季后赛、附加赛 18. draw /drɔː/ n/v. 平局、抽签、画 19. tie /taɪ/ n/v. 平局、领带、系 20. victory /ˈvɪktəri/ n. 胜利、成功、战胜 21. defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v/n. 击败、战胜、失败 22. win /wɪn/ v. 赢、获胜、赢得 23. lose /luːz/ v. 输、失去、失败 24. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军、优胜者、战士 25. runner-up /ˌrʌnər ˈʌp/ n. 亚军、第二名 26. winner /ˈwɪnə/ n. 获胜者、赢家、成功者 27. loser /ˈluːzə/ n. 失败者、输家、遗失者 28. rival /ˈraɪvl/ n/v. 对手、竞争者、竞争 29. opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手、反对者、敌手 30. team /tiːm/ n. 队、团队、队伍 31. player /ˈpleɪə/ n. 运动员、选手、玩家 搭配短语： - compete in a tournament 参加锦标赛 - win the championship 赢得冠军 - reach the final 进入决赛 - be eliminated in the first round 在第一轮被淘汰 - advance to the next round 晋级下一轮 - qualify for the finals 获得决赛资格 - beat the opponent 击败对手 - defeat the rival team 战胜对手队伍 - draw with the opponent 与对手打平 - score a winning goal 踢进制胜球 - miss a penalty 罚失点球 - save a shot 扑出射门 - a close match 势均力敌的比赛 - a one-sided game 一边倒的比赛 - a thrilling match 激动人心的比赛 - home team 主队 - away team 客队 - home advantage 主场优势 - fair play 公平竞赛 - sportsmanship 体育精神 三、身体素质与训练类（替换fitness，按维度细分） 1. strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量、力气、优势 2. power /ˈpaʊə/ n. 力量、能力、权力 3. speed /spiːd/ n/v. 速度、快速、加速 4. agility /əˈdʒɪləti/ n. 敏捷、灵活、机敏 5. flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 柔韧性、灵活性、弹性 6. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 耐力、持久力、忍耐 7. stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/ n. 体力、耐力、持久力 8. balance /ˈbæləns/ n/v. 平衡、均衡、使平衡 9. coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 协调、配合、协作 10. reflex /ˈriːfleks/ n. 反射、反应能力、本能反应 11. reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应、回应、反作用 12. training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n. 训练、培训、锻炼 13. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n/v. 练习、实践、做法 14. drill /drɪl/ n/v. 训练、操练、钻孔 15. warm-up /ˈwɔːm ʌp/ n. 热身、准备活动 16. cool-down /ˈkuːl daʊn/ n. 放松、整理活动 17. stretch /stretʃ/ v/n. 伸展、拉伸、延伸 18. conditioning /kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ n. 体能训练、调节、适应 19. repetition /ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/ n. 重复、反复、副本 20. set /set/ n/v. 组、套、设置 21. intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ n. 强度、剧烈、紧张 22. interval /ˈɪntəvl/ n. 间隔、间歇、幕间休息 23. circuit /ˈsɜːkɪt/ n. 循环、巡回、电路 24. cardio /ˈkɑːdiəʊ/ n. 有氧运动、心肺训练 25. aerobic /eəˈrəʊbɪk/ adj. 有氧的、需氧的 26. anaerobic /ˌænəˈrəʊbɪk/ adj. 无氧的、厌氧的 27. muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. 肌肉、体力、力量 28. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害、损伤、受伤 29. sprain /spreɪn/ v/n. 扭伤、拉伤 30. strain /streɪn/ v/n. 拉伤、劳损、拉紧 31. recover /rɪˈkʌvə/ v. 恢复、康复、找回 搭配短语： - build up strength 增强力量 - improve endurance 提高耐力 - increase flexibility 增加柔韧性 - enhance speed 提高速度 - develop agility 培养敏捷性 - improve balance 改善平衡 - train hard 刻苦训练 - practice regularly 定期练习 - warm up before exercise 运动前热身 - cool down after workout 锻炼后放松 - stretch muscles 拉伸肌肉 - avoid injury 避免受伤 - recover from injury 从伤病中恢复 - high-intensity training 高强度训练 - interval training 间歇训练 - circuit training 循环训练 - cardiovascular exercise 心血管运动 - strength training 力量训练 - physical condition 身体状况 - peak performance 最佳表现 四、体育精神与观赛类（替换spirit，按维度细分） 1. spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神、灵魂、情绪 2. sportsmanship /ˈspɔːtsmənʃɪp/ n. 体育精神、运动家精神 3. fairness /ˈfeənəs/ n. 公平、公正、正直 4. honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n. 诚实、正直、老实 5. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v/n. 尊重、尊敬、方面 6. discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n/v. 纪律、自律、训练 7. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心、决定、确定 8. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力、坚持不懈、坚韧 9. persistence /pəˈsɪstəns/ n. 坚持、持续、固执 10. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气、胆量、勇敢 11. confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. 信心、自信、信任 12. teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ n. 团队合作、协作 13. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作、协作、配合 14. unity /ˈjuːnəti/ n. 团结、统一、一致 15. solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ n. 团结、团结一致、休戚相关 16. leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导力、领导才能、领导地位 17. spectator /spekˈteɪtə/ n. 观众、旁观者 18. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 观众、听众、读者 19. fan /fæn/ n. 粉丝、爱好者、扇子 20. supporter /səˈpɔːtə/ n. 支持者、拥护者、抚养者 21. cheer /tʃɪə/ v/n. 欢呼、喝彩、加油 22. applause /əˈplɔːz/ n. 掌声、喝彩、赞许 23. stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 体育场、运动场 24. arena /əˈriːnə/ n. 竞技场、舞台、领域 25. venue /ˈvenjuː/ n. 举办地点、会场、场馆 26. referee /ˌrefəˈriː/ n/v. 裁判、仲裁、担任裁判 27. umpire /ˈʌmpaɪə/ n/v. 裁判、仲裁、担任裁判 28. coach /kəʊtʃ/ n/v. 教练、训练、指导 29. captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n. 队长、船长、首领 30. manager /ˈmænɪdʒə/ n. 经理、主教练、管理者 31. medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖牌、勋章、奖章 搭配短语： - good sportsmanship 良好的体育精神 - fair play 公平竞赛 - play by the rules 按规则比赛 - respect the referee 尊重裁判 - respect opponents 尊重对手 - never give up 永不放弃 - fight until the end 战斗到最后 - show determination 展现决心 - demonstrate perseverance 展现毅力 - work as a team 团队协作 - team spirit 团队精神 - cheer for the team 为球队加油 - a large crowd of spectators 一大群观众 - home crowd 主场观众 - win a gold medal 赢得金牌 - win a silver medal 赢得银牌 - win a bronze medal 赢得铜牌 - award a medal 颁发奖牌 - the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 - the World Cup 世界杯 第二部分：运动与体育比赛高分句型（★★★★） 一、描述运动与比赛 1. The moment the referee blew the final whistle, the entire stadium erupted in cheers, as the home team had secured a hard-fought victory after ninety minutes of intense competition. 当裁判吹响终场哨声的那一刻，整个体育场爆发出欢呼声，因为主队在九十分钟的激烈竞争后取得了一场来之不易的胜利。 2. With only ten seconds remaining on the clock, the point guard dribbled past three defenders and sank a buzzer-beating three-pointer, sending the crowd into a frenzy. 比赛只剩十秒时，控球后卫运球过掉三名防守队员，投中压哨三分球，让观众陷入疯狂。 3. The marathon runner, her legs burning and her lungs screaming for oxygen, pushed through the pain barrier and crossed the finish line, collapsing into the arms of her waiting coach. 马拉松选手双腿灼烧，肺部渴望氧气，她冲破痛苦障碍，冲过终点线，倒在等待她的教练怀中。 4. In the final set of the tennis match, with the score tied at five games all, both players displayed incredible skill and determination, trading powerful serves and precise volleys. 在网球比赛的最后一盘，比分战成五平，两位选手都展现了令人难以置信的技术和决心，互相交换着有力的发球和精准的截击。 5. The underdog team, written off by every sports analyst before the tournament, defeated the defending champions in a stunning upset that will be remembered for years to come. 这支在赛前被每位体育分析师都不看好的弱队，以令人震惊的冷门击败了卫冕冠军，这场比赛将被铭记多年。 6. As the swimmer touched the wall first, breaking the world record by nearly half a second, the crowd rose to its feet, roaring with admiration for the incredible feat they had just witnessed. 当游泳选手第一个触壁，以将近半秒的优势打破世界纪录时，观众们站起身，为他们刚刚目睹的不可思议的壮举咆哮喝彩。 7. The football match was a tale of two halves: the visiting team dominated the first forty-five minutes with fluid passing and clinical finishing, while the home team came back fighting in the second half with renewed energy and determination. 这场足球比赛是上下半场的故事：客队在上半场以流畅的传球和精准的射门占据主导，而主队在下半场以 renewed 的能量和决心奋起反击。 8. In the dying minutes of the game, the striker, who had been quiet all match, suddenly sprang to life, receiving a perfect cross from the left wing and heading the ball into the top corner of the net. 在比赛的最后几分钟，整场比赛都默默无闻的前锋突然活跃起来，接到左路的完美传中，将球顶入网窝的上角。 9. The gymnast's floor routine was a masterpiece of strength, flexibility, and artistry, as she tumbled across the mat with breathtaking precision and grace, earning a near-perfect score from the judges. 体操运动员的自由体操是力量、柔韧性和艺术性的杰作，她以令人惊叹的精准和优雅在垫子上翻腾，从裁判那里获得了近乎完美的分数。 10. What had begun as a casual game of basketball among friends soon turned into a fierce competition, with every player giving their all, diving for loose balls and contesting every rebound as if a championship were on the line. 最初只是朋友间的一场随意篮球赛，很快变成了一场激烈的竞争，每个球员都全力以赴，扑抢失控球，争夺每一个篮板，仿佛冠军就在眼前。 二、表达对体育的看法与态度 1. I firmly believe that sports are far more than a form of entertainment — they are a powerful force that unites people, builds character, and teaches invaluable life lessons. 我坚信体育远不止是一种娱乐形式——它们是一种强大的力量，团结人们，塑造品格，教授宝贵的人生经验。 2. In my opinion, the true value of sports lies not in winning or losing, but in the journey — the discipline, the perseverance, and the friendships forged through shared struggle and triumph. 在我看来，体育的真正价值不在于输赢，而在于旅程——纪律、毅力，以及通过共同的奋斗和胜利建立的友谊。 3. It is my conviction that every child should have the opportunity to participate in sports, for physical activity is essential not only for physical health but also for mental well-being and social development. 我深信每个孩子都应该有机会参加体育运动，因为体育活动不仅对身体健康至关重要，对心理健康和社会发展也至关重要。 4. I hold the view that teamwork is the most important lesson sports can teach us, for in learning to cooperate with others, to set aside personal glory for the good of the team, we develop skills that serve us in every area of life. 我认为团队合作是体育能教给我们的最重要的一课，因为在学会与他人合作、为了团队利益放下个人荣耀的过程中，我们培养了在生活各个领域都有用的技能。 5. From my perspective, the rise of professional sports has both positive and negative aspects: while it has brought greater visibility and resources to athletics, it has also led to an unhealthy obsession with winning at all costs. 在我看来，职业体育的兴起有积极和消极两个方面：虽然它为体育运动带来了更高的知名度和更多资源，但也导致了一种不惜一切代价取胜的不健康痴迷。 6. I am convinced that sports have the unique power to bridge cultural divides and bring people together, as we have seen time and again in international competitions where athletes from rival nations compete with mutual respect and admiration. 我深信体育具有弥合文化分歧、团结人们的独特力量，正如我们在国际比赛中反复看到的那样，来自敌对国家的运动员以相互尊重和钦佩的态度竞争。 7. It seems to me that in our increasingly sedentary society, the importance of regular physical activity cannot be overstated, for exercise is one of the most effective ways to prevent chronic diseases, improve mental health, and enhance quality of life. 在我看来，在我们这个日益久坐的社会中，定期体育活动的重要性怎么强调都不为过，因为运动是预防慢性病、改善心理健康和提高生活质量的最有效方法之一。 8. I strongly believe that fair play and good sportsmanship are more important than any trophy or medal, for it is how we conduct ourselves in victory and defeat that truly defines our character. 我坚信公平竞赛和良好的体育精神比任何奖杯或奖牌都更重要，因为我们在胜利和失败中的表现才真正定义了我们的品格。 9. As far as I am concerned, the best athletes are not those who win the most, but those who inspire others — through their dedication, their humility, and their unwavering commitment to excellence. 就我而言，最好的运动员不是赢得最多的人，而是激励他人的人——通过他们的奉献、谦逊和对卓越的坚定承诺。 10. I take the view that sports should be accessible to everyone, regardless of age, gender, or physical ability, and that we should work harder to create inclusive environments where everyone can experience the joy of physical activity. 我认为体育应该对每个人开放，无论年龄、性别或身体能力，我们应该更加努力创造包容的环境，让每个人都能体验体育活动的乐趣。 三、体育精神与呼吁 1. In conclusion, sports are a mirror of society, reflecting our highest ideals of fair play, perseverance, and unity, as well as our deepest struggles with greed, prejudice, and the desire to win at all costs. 总之，体育是社会的一面镜子，反映了我们对公平竞赛、毅力和团结的最高理想，也反映了我们与贪婪、偏见和不惜一切代价取胜的欲望之间最深刻的斗争。 2. Let us remember that the true spirit of sports is not about being the best, but about becoming the best version of ourselves — through hard work, through dedication, and through the willingness to get back up every time we fall. 让我们记住，体育的真正精神不是成为最好的，而是成为最好的自己——通过努力工作，通过奉献，通过每次跌倒后都愿意重新站起来。 3. I call upon schools, communities, and governments to invest more in sports facilities and programs, for the benefits of physical activity extend far beyond the playing field, contributing to healthier, happier, and more cohesive societies. 我呼吁学校、社区和政府在体育设施和项目上投入更多，因为体育活动的好处远远超出运动场，有助于建设更健康、更快乐、更有凝聚力的社会。 4. It is my sincere hope that we can return to the true spirit of sports — where effort is valued as much as outcome, where opponents are respected as fellow competitors, and where the joy of participation takes precedence over the pressure to win. 我真诚地希望我们能回归体育的真正精神——在这种精神中，努力与结果同样受到重视，对手作为同场竞技者受到尊重，参与的快乐优先于取胜的压力。 5. The lessons we learn on the playing field — discipline, teamwork, resilience, and humility — are the same lessons that serve us in the classroom, in the workplace, and in our relationships with others. 我们在运动场上学到的教训——纪律、团队合作、韧性和谦逊——也是我们在课堂、工作场所以及与他人关系中受益的同样教训。 6. Let us work together to build a world where every person has the opportunity to discover the transformative power of sports, where physical activity is celebrated as a fundamental human right, and where the spirit of fair play guides everything we do. 让我们共同努力建设一个世界，在这个世界里，每个人都有机会发现体育的变革力量，体育活动作为一项基本人权受到颂扬，公平竞赛的精神指导我们所做的一切。 7. As we look to the future of sports, let us not forget the words of the ancient Olympic creed: the most important thing is not to win, but to take part; just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. 当我们展望体育的未来时，让我们不要忘记古代奥林匹克信条的话：最重要的不是取胜，而是参与；正如生命中最重要的不是胜利，而是奋斗。 8. I urge athletes, coaches, and fans alike to uphold the values of integrity, respect, and fair play, for when we compromise these values for the sake of victory, we lose something far more precious than any game or championship. 我敦促运动员、教练和球迷都坚持诚信、尊重和公平竞赛的价值观，因为当我们为了胜利而妥协这些价值观时，我们失去的远比任何比赛或冠军更珍贵。 9. The time has come for us to recognize that sports are not a distraction from the important issues of our time, but a powerful tool for addressing them — for promoting health, for fostering social inclusion, and for building bridges between communities. 现在是我们认识到体育不是对我们时代重要问题的分心，而是解决这些问题的有力工具的时候了——促进健康，促进社会包容，在社区之间建立桥梁。 10. In closing, I would like to leave you with this thought: the playing field is one of the few places in our world where people from all walks of life can come together as equals, united by a shared passion, and it is this unique power that makes sports one of humanity's greatest inventions. 最后，我想留给你们这样一个想法：运动场是我们世界上少数几个各行各业的人可以平等地聚在一起的地方之一，因共同的热情而团结，正是这种独特的力量使体育成为人类最伟大的发明之一。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $