内容正文:
新人教版七年级下册英语 Unit 3 Keep Fit 语法精讲与专项练习
📚 语法精讲部分
第一板块:频度副词——描述“多久一次”
在 Unit 3 中,我们围绕“保持健康”这一主题,学习如何用频度副词描述运动、饮食等健康习惯的频率。频度副词是本单元的核心语法考点。
1.1 频度副词的含义与分类
频度副词表示动作或状态发生的频率,用来回答 How often...? 的提问。按频率从高到低排列如下:
频度副词
含义
大致频率
always
总是;一直
100%
usually
通常
80%
often
经常
60%
sometimes
有时
40%
seldom
很少
20%
hardly ever
几乎从不
10%
never
从不
0%
📌 记忆口诀:频率从高到低,always > usually > often > sometimes > seldom > hardly ever > never。
1.2 频度副词在句中的位置(核心考点)
频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,be动词/助动词/情态动词之后。这是选择题和改错题的高频考点!
位置规则
示例
be动词之后
She is always late for school.
助动词(do/does)之后
He does often go there.
情态动词(can/must)之后
I can never forget it.
实义动词之前
I always get up early.
sometimes 比较灵活
Sometimes I go there. / I sometimes go there. / I go there sometimes.
⚠️ 真题陷阱:
❌ She gets up always at six.
✅ She always gets up at six.
⚠️ 特别提醒:never、hardly ever、seldom 等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,句子要用倒装语序,但初中阶段了解即可,不要求掌握。
1.3 对频度副词提问:How often
How often + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形?
问句
答语
How often do you exercise?
Every day. / Once a week. / Twice a week.
How often does she play badminton?
She plays it three times a week.
1.4 次数表达法
次数
表达方式
一次
once
两次
twice
三次及以上
three times / four times...
例句:
I go to the gym once a week.(一周一次)
She plays badminton twice a week.(一周两次)
He exercises three times a week.(一周三次)
1.5 how often / how long / how soon / how many times 辨析
疑问词组
提问对象
答语特征
例句
How often
频率(多久一次)
once/twice a week, every day
How often do you exercise? —Once a week.
How long
时间段(多久)
for + 一段时间
How long do you sleep? —For 8 hours.
How soon
将来时间(多久以后)
in + 一段时间
How soon will you come back? —In 3 days.
How many times
次数(多少次)
once, twice, three times
How many times have you been there? —Twice.
第二板块:物主代词——表示“……的”
2.1 物主代词家族全览
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词(后面必须接名词)和名词性物主代词(后面不能接名词,独立使用)。
人称
形容词性物主代词(+名词)
名词性物主代词(单独使用)
第一人称单数
my 我的
mine 我的
第二人称单数
your 你的
yours 你的
第三人称单数
his 他的
his 他的
第三人称单数
her 她的
hers 她的
第三人称单数
its 它的
its 它的
第一人称复数
our 我们的
ours 我们的
第二人称复数
your 你们的
yours 你们的
第三人称复数
their 他们的
theirs 他们的
2.2 核心区分规则(高频考点)
🔑 形容词性物主代词 = “形容词”,后面必须跟名词!
🔑 名词性物主代词 = “名词”,可以单独使用!
转换公式:形容词性物主代词 + 名词 = 名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词(修饰名词)
名词性物主代词(独立使用)
This is my baseball glove.
This baseball glove is mine.
That is her jump rope.
That jump rope is hers.
These are their running shoes.
These running shoes are theirs.
⚠️ 记忆规律:my→mine, his/its 不变形,其余在形容词性物主代词后加 -s!
my → mine (加 n)
your → yours(加 s)
her → hers(加 s)
our → ours(加 s)
their → theirs(加 s)
his → his(不变)
its → its(不变)
2.3 本单元高频句型:Whose 问句
Whose 用于询问物品的所属关系,意为“谁的”。
句型
示例
Whose + 名词 + is/are + 其他?
Whose football is this?
Whose + is/are + 名词?
Whose is this football?
答语
It’s mine / Yaming‘s.
区分“Whose”和“Who’s”:
词
含义
例句
Whose
谁的(所属关系)
Whose badminton racket is this?
Who‘s
Who is 的缩写
Who’s that boy?
第三板块:形容词性物主代词 vs. 名词性物主代词(综合对比)
3.1 对比表格
对比项
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
后接名词
必须接名词
不能接名词
功能
作定语
作主语/宾语/表语
常见错误
❌ This is mine book.
❌ This is my.
3.2 考点例句
考点
例句
解析
形容词性 + 名词
This is my baseball glove.
空后有名词 glove,用形容词性 my
名词性(独立使用)
This baseball glove is mine.
空后无名词,用名词性 mine
名词性作宾语
Could I use yours?
“我能用你的吗?” 相当于 your baseball glove
Whose 问答
—Whose football is it? —It‘s his.
无名词,用名词性 his
3.3 易错点警示
⚠️ 易错点一:形容词性/名词性物主代词混淆
❌ 错误写法
✅ 正确写法
This is mine book.
This is my book.
This book is my.
This book is mine.
⚠️ 易错点二:Whose 和 Who’s 混淆
❌ 错误写法
✅ 正确写法
Who‘s baseball glove is this?
Whose baseball glove is this?
Whose that boy?
Who’s that boy?
⚠️ 易错点三:名词性物主代词的使用
名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,后面不能接名词。
✅ Yours are right here.(你的在这儿,指 your tennis shoes)
✅ His are over there.(他的在那边,指 his badminton rackets)
第四板块:本单元核心短语与句型
4.1 核心短语速查表
短语
含义
例句
keep fit
保持健康
We should exercise to keep fit.
play sports / do exercise
做运动
I play sports every day.
baseball glove
棒球手套
This is my baseball glove.
badminton racket
羽毛球拍
Whose badminton racket is this?
jump rope
跳绳
She uses a jump rope to exercise.
running shoes
跑鞋
We need running shoes for PE class.
belong to
属于
This football belongs to Tom.
full of
充满……的
Life is full of energy.
healthy habits
健康习惯
Good healthy habits help us keep fit.
junk food
垃圾食品
Don‘t eat too much junk food.
enough sleep
充足的睡眠
We need enough sleep every day.
once a week
一周一次
I play badminton once a week.
twice a week
一周两次
She exercises twice a week.
three times a week
一周三次
He runs three times a week.
stay up late
熬夜
Don’t stay up late.
4.2 本单元核心句型
场景
句型
回答
询问运动频率
How often do you do sports?
Twice a week.
询问物品归属
Whose baseball glove is this?
It‘s mine.
表达健康习惯
I always get up early.
—
提健康建议
You should drink more water.
—
表达运动偏好
I prefer to run in the morning.
—
表达所属关系
This badminton racket belongs to me.
—
询问对方运动习惯
Do you often play badminton?
Yes, I do. / No, I seldom do.
4.3 同义句转换
原句
同义句
This is my baseball glove.
This baseball glove is mine.
That is his badminton racket.
That badminton racket is his.
These are their running shoes.
These running shoes are theirs.
The football belongs to Tom.
The football is Tom‘s.
第五板块:易错点警示
⚠️ 易错点一:频度副词位置错误
❌ 错误写法
✅ 正确写法
She gets up usually at six.
She usually gets up at six.
He is always late.
He is always late.(✓,但注意位置在be后)
⚠️ 易错点二:How often 与 How many times 混淆
❌ 错误写法
✅ 正确写法
How many times do you exercise a week?
How often do you exercise? —Once a week.
How often have you been to the gym?
How many times have you been to the gym? —Three times.
⚠️ 易错点三:Whose 问句的语序
❌ 错误写法
✅ 正确写法
Whose is this baseball glove?
Whose baseball glove is this?
Whose this baseball glove is?
Whose baseball glove is this?
⚠️ 易错点四:belong to 的用法
belong to 意为“属于”,后接宾语(名词或宾格代词)。
✅ The football belongs to Tom.(属于某人)
✅ The football belongs to him.(用宾格 him)
❌ The football belongs to mine.(✗ 不用名词性物主代词)
📝 专项练习部分
一、用方框中的频度副词填空
备选词: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never
1. I ______ get up at 6:30. I never get up late.(总是)
2. He ______ eats junk food, so he is very healthy.(几乎从不)
3. My mom ______ walks after dinner, about four times a week.(经常)
4. I ______ watch TV on weekends, but not every weekend.(有时)
5. She ______ exercises, so she is a little weak.(很少)
6. We ______ have PE class on Monday morning.(通常)
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(物主代词)
7. This is ______ (my / mine) baseball glove.
8. This baseball glove is ______ (my / mine).
9. —Whose badminton racket is that? —It’s ______ (her / hers).
10. My running shoes are here. ______ (His / His shoes) are over there.
11. That is not ______ (your / yours) football. ______ (Your / Yours) is under the chair.
12. The jump rope is ______ (our / ours). We use it every day.
13. This T-shirt belongs to ______ (me / mine).
14. —Is this ______ (your / yours) tennis racket? —No, it‘s not ______ (my / mine).
15. She can’t find ______ (her / hers) running shoes.
16. These footballs are ______ (their / theirs). ______ (Our / Ours) are in the classroom.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(动词形式)
17. He ______ (exercise) every morning.
18. She ______ (play) badminton twice a week.
19. My father ______ (go) running every day.
20. I ______ (have) breakfast at 7:00 every day.
21. We ______ (not eat) junk food.
22. ______ (do) she ______ (like) playing sports?
23. They ______ (run) in the park every morning.
24. My sister ______ (not play) football. She ______ (play) tennis.
四、按要求完成句子
25. I exercise every day.(对划线部分提问)
→ _________________________________________________________________
26. This is my baseball glove.(改为同义句,用名词性物主代词)
→ _________________________________________________________________
27. The badminton racket is his.(改为同义句,用 belong to)
→ _________________________________________________________________
28. She plays tennis every Sunday.(改为一般疑问句)
→ _________________________________________________________________
五、单项选择
29. —______ do you exercise?
—Every day.
· A. How long
· B. How soon
· C. How often
· D. How many times
30. This is not ______ jump rope. ______ is on the chair.
· A. her; Her
· B. hers; Her
· C. her; Hers
· D. hers; Hers
31. —Whose football is this?
—It‘s ______.
· A. my brother
· B. my brother’s
· C. of my brother
· D. to my brother
32. She ______ late for school. She is always the first to come.
· A. is never
· B. never is
· C. is always
· D. always is
33. These are ______ running shoes. They are not ______.
· A. my; your
· B. mine; yours
· C. my; yours
· D. mine; your
34. The baseball glove ______ Tom.
· A. belong
· B. belongs to
· C. belongs
· D. belong to
35. My sister ______ eats breakfast, so she is very healthy.
· A. seldom
· B. never
· C. always
· D. hardly ever
六、完形填空
阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Hello! I‘m Zhang Wei. I’m a middle school student. I love sports and I want to stay healthy. Every morning, I (36) ______ at 6:30 and go for a run in the park near my home. Running makes me feel energetic for the whole day.
I play badminton (37) ______ a week, usually on Saturday mornings. I also enjoy playing basketball with my classmates (38) ______ school. We often play together on the playground. It’s great fun.
My sister Mary is very different from me. She (39) ______ exercises. She prefers to stay at home and watch TV. I often say to her, “(40) ______ you go out and do some sports with me?” But she always says no. She thinks sports are too tiring.
I also have good eating habits. I eat vegetables and fruit every day. I (41) ______ eat junk food because it is bad for my health. I drink a lot of water, (42) ______.
Good habits help us (43) ______ fit and strong. I also get (44) ______ sleep every night. I go to bed before 10:00. I think good rest is also very (45) ______ for our health. Let‘s start exercising together from today!
36. A. get up B. gets up C. get to D. gets to
37. A. one B. once C. two D. twice
38. A. before B. after C. at D. in
39. A. always B. usually C. often D. seldom
40. A. Why don’t B. Why not C. What about D. Would you like
41. A. always B. often C. never D. sometimes
42. A. also B. too C. either D. neither
43. A. keep B. keeps C. keeping D. to keep
44. A. many B. much C. enough D. little
45. A. bad B. important C. different D. difficult
📖 参考答案与详细解析
一、用方框中的频度副词填空
1.
【答案】always
【解析】“I never get up late”表明从不晚起,说明总是6:30起床,用 always。always 表示100%的频率。
2.
【答案】hardly ever
【解析】“so he is very healthy”说明他几乎不吃垃圾食品,用 hardly ever。hardly ever 表示“几乎从不”,频率约10%。
3.
【答案】often
【解析】“about four times a week”表示一周四次,属于“经常”的频率,用 often。often 表示约60%的频率。
4.
【答案】sometimes
【解析】“but not every weekend”说明不是每个周末都看,只是有时看,用 sometimes。sometimes 表示约40%的频率。
5.
【答案】seldom
【解析】“so she is a little weak”说明她很少锻炼导致身体较弱,用 seldom。seldom 表示“很少”,频率约20%。
6.
【答案】usually
【解析】“on Monday morning”表示通常周一早上有体育课,用 usually。usually 表示约80%的频率。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(物主代词)
7.
【答案】my
【解析】空后有名词 baseball glove,用形容词性物主代词 my。形容词性物主代词必须接名词。
8.
【答案】mine
【解析】空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 mine,相当于 my baseball glove。名词性物主代词独立使用。
9.
【答案】hers
【解析】空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 hers,相当于 her badminton racket。
10.
【答案】His
【解析】空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 His,相当于 His running shoes。句首首字母大写。
11.
【答案】your;Yours
【解析】第一空后有名词 football,用 your;第二空后无名词,用 Yours。句首首字母大写。
12.
【答案】ours
【解析】空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 ours,相当于 our jump rope。
13.
【答案】me
【解析】belong to 为固定搭配,to 为介词,后接宾格代词 me。不能用名词性物主代词 mine。
14.
【答案】your;mine
【解析】第一空后有名词 tennis racket,用 your;第二空后无名词,用 mine。
15.
【答案】her
【解析】空后有名词 running shoes,用形容词性物主代词 her。
16.
【答案】theirs;Ours
【解析】两空后均无名词,用名词性物主代词 theirs 和 Ours。Ours 句首大写。
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(动词形式)
17.
【答案】exercises
【解析】He 为第三人称单数,exercise 加 -s 变为 exercises。一般现在时三单变化规则:直接加 -s。
18.
【答案】plays
【解析】She 为第三人称单数,play 加 -s 变为 plays。注意:play 以元音+y 结尾,直接加 -s。
19.
【答案】goes
【解析】My father 为第三人称单数,go 以 o 结尾加 -es 变为 goes。go running 为固定搭配,意为“去跑步”。
20.
【答案】have
【解析】主语 I 用动词原形 have。have breakfast 为固定搭配,意为“吃早餐”。
21.
【答案】don‘t eat
【解析】We 为第一人称复数,否定句用 don’t + 动词原形 eat。don‘t eat 表示“不吃”。
22.
【答案】Does;like
【解析】she 为第三人称单数,一般疑问句用 Does 开头,后接动词原形 like。Does she like...?表示“她喜欢……吗?”
23.
【答案】run
【解析】They 为复数主语,用动词原形 run。every morning 提示一般现在时。
24.
【答案】doesn’t play;plays
【解析】My sister 为第三人称单数,否定句用 doesn‘t + 动词原形 play;肯定句用 plays。前后形成对比。
四、按要求完成句子
25.
【答案】How often do you exercise?
【解析】对频率(every day)提问用 How often;主语 I 变为 you,助动词用 do,动词 exercise 用原形。
26.
【答案】This baseball glove is mine.
【解析】my baseball glove 改为名词性物主代词 mine,置于 be 动词后作表语。
27.
【答案】The badminton racket belongs to him.
【解析】his 改为 belongs to him。belong to 后接宾格代词 him。注意:主语为单数,belong 加 -s。
28.
【答案】Does she play tennis every Sunday?
【解析】She 为第三人称单数,一般疑问句用 Does 开头,动词 play 用原形。Does she play...?表示“她打……吗?”
五、单项选择
29.
【答案】C
【解析】回答为“Every day.”(每天),表示频率,用 How often 提问。How long 问时间段,How soon 问多久以后,How many times 问次数。
30.
【答案】C
【解析】第一空后有名词 jump rope,用形容词性物主代词 her;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 Hers。Hers 相当于 her jump rope。
31.
【答案】B
【解析】名词所有格表示“我哥哥的”,用 my brother’s。A 缺少所有格符号,C/D 介词使用错误。
32.
【答案】A
【解析】频率副词 never 放在 be 动词 is 之后,构成 is never。“从不迟到”与后文“总是第一个到”逻辑一致。B 语序错误,C/D 与句意矛盾。
33.
【答案】C
【解析】第一空后有名词 running shoes,用形容词性物主代词 my;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 yours。my running shoes 与 yours 对应。
34.
【答案】B
【解析】The baseball glove 为第三人称单数,belong 加 -s 变为 belongs;belong to 为固定搭配,意为“属于”,to 不能省略。belong to 后接宾语。
35.
【答案】C
【解析】“so she is very healthy”说明她总是吃早餐,用 always。seldom 很少,never 从不,hardly ever 几乎从不,均与“健康”矛盾。
六、完形填空
36.
【答案】A
【解析】主语 I 后用动词原形,get up 表示“起床”。B 为三单形式(主语应为三单),C/D 意为“到达”,不符合“6:30”的时间语境。此处考查一般现在时主谓一致。
37.
【答案】D
【解析】“一周两次”用 twice a week。A one 不是频率副词,B once 表示“一次”(与后文“usually on Saturday mornings”暗示的多次不符),C two 不能直接接 a week。此处考查频率次数表达法。
38.
【答案】B
【解析】放学后打篮球,用 after school。before 在……之前(时间不符),at school 在学校(不强调时间先后),in school 在求学期间。此处考查介词表时间的用法。
39.
【答案】D
【解析】“Mary 和我很不同。她很少锻炼”,用 seldom。A always(总是),B usually(通常),C often(经常),均与“不同”的语境矛盾。此处考查频度副词的辨析。
40.
【答案】A
【解析】“Why don‘t you go out...?”为提建议的句型,意为“你为什么不……呢?”B Why not 后应接动词原形 go(少了主语 you,语法上也可接受,但 A 更完整),C What about 后接 doing,D Would you like 后接 to do。此处考查提建议句型的结构差异。
41.
【答案】C
【解析】“我从不吃垃圾食品,因为它对健康有害”,用 never。A always(总是),B often(经常),D sometimes(有时),均不符合“对健康有害所以不吃”的逻辑。此处考查频度副词的语义选择。
42.
【答案】B
【解析】肯定句句末表示“也”,用 too。A also 用于句中,C either 用于否定句句末,D neither 表示“两者都不”。此处考查 too/also/either 的位置与句式区别。
43.
【答案】A
【解析】help sb. (to) do sth. 结构中,to 可省略,用动词原形 keep。B 为三单形式,C 为 -ing 形式,D 为不定式(但 help 后接不定式可省略 to,此处 A 更简洁)。此处考查 help 的固定搭配。
44.
【答案】C
【解析】“充足的睡眠”用 enough sleep。many 修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词但此处强调“充足”而非“多”,little 表示“几乎没有”,不符合“每晚10点前睡觉”的健康习惯语境。此处考查修饰词的语义选择。
45.
【答案】B
【解析】“好的休息对我们的健康也很重要”,用 important。bad 坏的,different 不同的,difficult 困难的,均不符合上下文。此处考查形容词的语境理解。
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