应用文信息安全与隐私（背诵版）-2027届安徽省高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦信息安全与隐私主题，系统整合高分词汇与句型两大核心模块。词汇涵盖信息安全基础、密码账户安全等六类细分维度，句型包含事件描述、态度表达、呼吁升华三种应用场景，构建完整知识体系。 清单采用维度细分与星级标注（★★★★）结合，如密码安全类词汇细分至生物识别、加密技术等子项，搭配短语辅助语境应用。句型提供中英对照及场景化示例，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设高频搭配与应用提示，助力学生高效记忆与自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

2027届安徽省高中英语--应用文信息安全与隐私（背诵版） 第一部分：信息安全与隐私高分词汇（★★★★） 一、信息安全基础类（替换information security，按维度细分） 1. information security /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 信息安全、信息保障 2. cybersecurity /ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 网络安全、计算机安全 3. security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全、保障、保安 4. secure /sɪˈkjʊə/ adj/v. 安全的、保护、获得 5. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全、保险、安全设备 6. safe /seɪf/ adj/n. 安全的、保险箱、无害的 7. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护、防护、保卫 8. protection /prəˈtekʃn/ n. 保护、防护、保护措施 9. defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 防御、保卫、辩护 10. defense /dɪˈfens/ n. 防御、防卫、辩护 11. prevent /prɪˈvent/ v. 预防、防止、阻止 12. prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 预防、防止、防范 13. risk /rɪsk/ n/v. 风险、危险、冒险 14. threat /θret/ n. 威胁、恐吓、凶兆 15. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n. 危险、危险物、威胁 16. vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 脆弱的、易受攻击的、易受伤的 17. vulnerability /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ n. 脆弱性、弱点、漏洞 18. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə/ n. 暴露、曝光、接触 19. breach /briːtʃ/ n/v. 违反、破坏、缺口 20. incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 事件、事故、事变 21. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识、认识、察觉 搭配短语： - ensure information security 确保信息安全 - protect personal data 保护个人数据 - defend against cyberattacks 防御网络攻击 - prevent data breaches 防止数据泄露 - identify potential risks 识别潜在风险 - raise security awareness 提高安全意识 - a security incident 一起安全事件 - vulnerable to attacks 易受攻击 二、密码与账户安全类（替换password，按维度细分） 1. password /ˈpɑːswɜːd/ n. 密码、口令 2. passcode /ˈpɑːskəʊd/ n. 密码、通行码 3. PIN /pɪn/ n. 个人识别码、密码（Personal Identification Number） 4. username /ˈjuːzəneɪm/ n. 用户名、账号名 5. account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. 账户、账号、描述 6. login /ˈlɒɡɪn/ n/v. 登录、注册、进入系统 7. logout /ˈlɒɡaʊt/ n/v. 退出登录、登出 8. sign in /saɪn ɪn/ v. 登录、签到 9. sign up /saɪn ʌp/ v. 注册、报名 10. authentication /ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 认证、验证、身份验证 11. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v. 验证、核实、证明 12. verification /ˌverɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 验证、核实、确认 13. two-factor /tuː ˈfæktə/ adj. 双因素的、两步验证的 14. OTP /ˌəʊ tiː ˈpiː/ n. 一次性密码（One-Time Password） 15. captcha /ˈkæptʃə/ n. 验证码、人机验证 16. biometric /ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪk/ adj. 生物识别的、生物特征的 17. fingerprint /ˈfɪŋɡəprɪnt/ n. 指纹、指纹识别 18. facial recognition /ˈfeɪʃl ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 人脸识别、面部识别 19. encryption /ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/ n. 加密、加密技术 20. encrypt /ɪnˈkrɪpt/ v. 加密、将...译成密码 21. decrypt /diːˈkrɪpt/ v. 解密、破译 搭配短语： - set a strong password 设置强密码 - change passwords regularly 定期更换密码 - enable two-factor authentication 启用双因素认证 - verify your identity 验证你的身份 - log in to your account 登录你的账户 - use biometric authentication 使用生物识别认证 - encrypt sensitive data 加密敏感数据 - never share your password 绝不分享你的密码 三、数据保护与隐私类（替换privacy，按维度细分） 1. privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. 隐私、私密、隐居 2. private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 私人的、私密的、私有的 3. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个人的、私人的、亲自的 4. data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据、资料、信息 5. personal data /ˈpɜːsənl ˈdeɪtə/ n. 个人数据、个人资料 6. personal information /ˈpɜːsənl ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 个人信息、个人资料 7. sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的、易受影响的、灵敏的 8. confidential /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 机密的、保密的、信任的 9. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集、采集、聚集 10. collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集、采集、收藏品 11. store /stɔː/ v/n. 存储、储存、商店 12. storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/ n. 存储、储存、仓库 13. process /ˈprəʊses/ v/n. 处理、加工、过程 14. processing /ˈprəʊsesɪŋ/ n. 处理、加工、进程 15. use /juːz/ v/n. 使用、利用、用途 16. share /ʃeə/ v/n. 分享、共享、分担 17. disclose /dɪsˈkləʊz/ v. 披露、透露、公开 18. disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə/ n. 披露、透露、公开 19. consent /kənˈsent/ n/v. 同意、许可、赞成 20. permission /pəˈmɪʃn/ n. 许可、允许、权限 21. GDPR /ˌdʒiː diː piː ˈɑː/ n. 通用数据保护条例（欧盟） 搭配短语： - protect personal privacy 保护个人隐私 - collect personal data 收集个人数据 - store information securely 安全存储信息 - process user data 处理用户数据 - obtain user consent 获得用户同意 - disclose sensitive information 披露敏感信息 - a data protection policy 数据保护政策 - violate privacy laws 违反隐私法 四、网络攻击与威胁类（替换cyberattack，按类型细分） 1. cyberattack /ˈsaɪbərəˌtæk/ n. 网络攻击、计算机攻击 2. attack /əˈtæk/ n/v. 攻击、袭击、抨击 3. hacker /ˈhækə/ n. 黑客、计算机入侵者 4. hack /hæk/ v. 黑客攻击、非法侵入 5. hacking /ˈhækɪŋ/ n. 黑客攻击、非法侵入 6. malware /ˈmælweə/ n. 恶意软件、流氓软件 7. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒、计算机病毒 8. worm /wɜːm/ n. 蠕虫病毒、蠕虫 9. trojan /ˈtrəʊdʒən/ n. 木马病毒、特洛伊木马 10. ransomware /ˈrænsəmweə/ n. 勒索软件、绑架软件 11. spyware /ˈspaɪweə/ n. 间谍软件、监控软件 12. adware /ˈædweə/ n. 广告软件、弹窗广告程序 13. phishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n. 网络钓鱼、钓鱼攻击 14. DDoS /ˌdiː diː əʊ ˈes/ n. 分布式拒绝服务攻击 15. botnet /ˈbɒtnet/ n. 僵尸网络、机器人网络 16. zero-day /ˈzɪərəʊ deɪ/ n. 零日漏洞、零日攻击 17. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ n/v. 利用漏洞、利用、剥削 18. backdoor /ˈbækdɔː/ n. 后门、秘密通道 19. firewall /ˈfaɪəwɔːl/ n. 防火墙、防火壁 20. antivirus /ˌæntiˈvaɪrəs/ n. 杀毒软件、防病毒程序 21. patch /pætʃ/ n/v. 补丁、修补、修复 搭配短语： - launch a cyberattack 发起网络攻击 - be hacked by someone 被某人黑客攻击 - infected with a virus 感染病毒 - a phishing email 一封钓鱼邮件 - install a firewall 安装防火墙 - update antivirus software 更新杀毒软件 - install security patches 安装安全补丁 - protect against malware 防范恶意软件 五、网络诈骗与防范类（替换scam，按类型细分） 1. scam /skæm/ n/v. 骗局、诈骗、欺诈 2. fraud /frɔːd/ n. 欺诈、诈骗、骗子 3. fraudulent /ˈfrɔːdjələnt/ adj. 欺诈的、欺骗性的 4. deception /dɪˈsepʃn/ n. 欺骗、欺诈、诡计 5. deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ v. 欺骗、蒙蔽、欺诈 6. trick /trɪk/ n/v. 诡计、骗局、欺骗 7. hoax /həʊks/ n/v. 恶作剧、骗局、欺骗 8. fake /feɪk/ adj/n/v. 假的、伪造的、假货 9. counterfeit /ˈkaʊntəfɪt/ adj/n. 伪造的、假冒的、仿制品 10. identity theft /aɪˈdentəti θeft/ n. 身份盗窃、身份盗用 11. identity fraud /aɪˈdentəti frɔːd/ n. 身份欺诈、身份诈骗 12. impersonation /ɪmˌpɜːsəˈneɪʃn/ n. 冒充、模仿、扮演 13. impersonate /ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt/ v. 冒充、模仿、扮演 14. blackmail /ˈblækmeɪl/ n/v. 敲诈勒索、勒索 15. extortion /ɪkˈstɔːʃn/ n. 敲诈、勒索、强取 16. money laundering /ˈmʌni ˈlɔːndərɪŋ/ n. 洗钱、洗黑钱 17. pyramid scheme /ˈpɪrəmɪd skiːm/ n. 金字塔骗局、传销 18. Ponzi scheme /ˈpɒnzi skiːm/ n. 庞氏骗局、非法集资 19. romance scam /rəʊˈmæns skæm/ n. 婚恋诈骗、爱情骗局 20. tech support scam /tek səˈpɔːt skæm/ n. 技术支持诈骗、假客服诈骗 21. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识、认识、察觉 搭配短语： - avoid online scams 避免网络诈骗 - a victim of identity theft 身份盗窃的受害者 - spot a fake website 识别假网站 - be aware of phishing scams 警惕钓鱼诈骗 - report fraudulent activity 举报欺诈行为 - a pyramid scheme 金字塔骗局 - protect against romance scams 防范婚恋诈骗 - raise fraud awareness 提高防诈骗意识 六、安全意识与法规类（替换law，按维度细分） 1. law /lɔː/ n. 法律、法规、法学 2. regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 法规、规章、管理 3. legislation /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ n. 立法、法律、法规 4. policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n. 政策、方针、保险单 5. guideline /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/ n. 指南、指导方针、准则 6. standard /ˈstændəd/ n/adj. 标准、规范、标准的 7. compliance /kəmˈplaɪəns/ n. 合规、遵守、服从 8. comply /kəmˈplaɪ/ v. 遵守、服从、顺从 9. violate /ˈvaɪəleɪt/ v. 违反、侵犯、违背 10. violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/ n. 违反、侵犯、违背 11. penalty /ˈpenəlti/ n. 处罚、惩罚、罚金 12. punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ n. 惩罚、处罚、刑罚 13. fine /faɪn/ n/v. 罚款、罚金、处...以罚金 14. liability /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任、义务、债务 15. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 负责任的、可靠的、有责任的 16. responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任、职责、义务 17. accountability /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ n. 问责、责任、可解释性 18. transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/ n. 透明度、透明、公开 19. audit /ˈɔːdɪt/ n/v. 审计、审核、稽查 20. training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n. 培训、训练、锻炼 21. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育、培养、教育学 搭配短语： - comply with data protection laws 遵守数据保护法 - violate privacy regulations 违反隐私法规 - face heavy penalties 面临严厉处罚 - take responsibility for data security 对数据安全负责 - ensure transparency 确保透明度 - conduct regular security audits 进行定期安全审计 - provide security training 提供安全培训 - a data protection policy 数据保护政策 第二部分：信息安全与隐私高分句型（★★★★） 一、描述信息安全事件与现象 1. The company suffered a major data breach last month, exposing the personal information of over five million customers and leading to widespread concern about online security. 　　该公司上个月遭受了重大数据泄露，暴露了超过五百万客户的个人信息，引发了对网络安全的广泛担忧。 2. She received an email claiming to be from her bank, asking her to click on a link and enter her password, but she immediately recognized it as a phishing scam and deleted it. 　　她收到一封声称来自银行的邮件，要求她点击链接并输入密码，但她立即意识到这是钓鱼骗局并删除了它。 3. The hacker gained access to the school's computer system by guessing a weak password, stealing student records and causing the school to shut down its network for three days. 　　黑客通过猜测一个弱密码进入了学校的计算机系统，窃取了学生记录，并导致学校关闭网络三天。 4. A recent study found that nearly sixty percent of people use the same password for multiple accounts, making them much more vulnerable to identity theft and online fraud. 　　最近的一项研究发现，近百分之六十的人在多个账户使用相同的密码，这使他们更容易遭受身份盗窃和网络诈骗。 5. The ransomware attack locked all the files on the hospital's computers, demanding payment in cryptocurrency to unlock them, and forcing the hospital to turn away emergency patients. 　　勒索软件攻击锁定了医院计算机上的所有文件，要求用加密货币支付才能解锁，并迫使医院拒绝接收急诊病人。 6. He discovered that someone had created a fake social media account using his name and photos, pretending to be him and trying to trick his friends into sending money. 　　他发现有人用他的名字和照片创建了一个假的社交媒体账户，冒充他并试图骗他的朋友汇款。 7. The new law requires all companies to obtain clear consent from users before collecting their personal data, and to explain exactly how the data will be used and stored. 　　新法律要求所有公司在收集用户个人数据之前必须获得用户的明确同意，并准确解释数据将如何使用和存储。 8. Many older people are easy targets for phone scams, as they may not be familiar with the latest tricks used by fraudsters and may be more trusting of strangers. 　　许多老年人是电话诈骗的容易目标，因为他们可能不熟悉诈骗者使用的最新伎俩，并且可能更信任陌生人。 9. The company announced that it had fixed a security vulnerability in its popular app, urging all users to update to the latest version as soon as possible to protect their accounts. 　　该公司宣布已修复其热门应用中的一个安全漏洞，敦促所有用户尽快更新到最新版本以保护他们的账户。 10. She was shocked to find that her personal information, including her address and phone number, was available for anyone to see on a public website without her knowledge or permission. 　　她震惊地发现，她的个人信息，包括地址和电话号码，在她不知情或未经许可的情况下，在一个公共网站上可供任何人查看。 二、表达对信息安全与隐私的看法与态度 1. From my point of view, protecting personal information is not just the responsibility of governments and companies, but also something that every individual should take seriously. 　　在我看来，保护个人信息不仅是政府和公司的责任，也是每个人都应该认真对待的事情。 2. I firmly believe that the right to privacy is a basic human right, and that no company or government should be allowed to collect and use personal data without clear permission. 　　我坚信隐私权是一项基本人权，任何公司或政府都不应被允许在没有明确许可的情况下收集和使用个人数据。 3. In my opinion, the biggest threat to online security is not the technology itself but the lack of awareness among ordinary users about how to protect themselves. 　　在我看来，网络安全最大的威胁不是技术本身，而是普通用户缺乏如何保护自己的意识。 4. I am convinced that strong passwords and two-factor authentication are the simplest and most effective ways to protect online accounts, yet many people still fail to use them. 　　我深信强密码和双因素认证是保护在线账户最简单和最有效的方法，但许多人仍然没有使用它们。 5. As far as I am concerned, companies that collect personal data should be held fully responsible for any data breaches, and should face heavy fines if they fail to protect user information. 　　就我而言，收集个人数据的公司应该对任何数据泄露承担全部责任，如果未能保护用户信息，应该面临高额罚款。 6. I hold the view that while convenience is important, it should never come at the cost of privacy and security, and we should always think twice before sharing personal information online. 　　我认为，虽然便利很重要，但它绝不应该以隐私和安全为代价，我们在网上分享个人信息之前应该三思。 7. It seems to me that many people do not realize how much personal information they are giving away when they use free apps and services, and that this information can be used in ways they never expected. 　　在我看来，许多人没有意识到当他们使用免费应用和服务时，他们泄露了多少个人信息，而这些信息可能以他们从未预料到的方式被使用。 8. I strongly believe that education is the key to improving online security, and that schools should teach students about digital safety and privacy from an early age. 　　我强烈认为教育是提高网络安全的关键，学校应该从小教学生数字安全和隐私知识。 9. From where I stand, the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data has made personal information more valuable than ever, and this makes it even more important to protect our privacy. 　　从我的立场来看，人工智能和大数据的快速发展使个人信息比以往任何时候都更有价值，这使得保护我们的隐私变得更加重要。 10. I am of the opinion that we should all take simple steps to protect ourselves online, such as using strong passwords, updating software regularly, and being careful about what we share on social media. 　　我认为我们都应该采取简单的步骤来保护自己的在线安全，比如使用强密码、定期更新软件，以及小心我们在社交媒体上分享的内容。 三、呼吁加强信息安全与结尾升华 1. The time for treating online security as someone else's problem has passed; what we need now is for every person, every company, and every government to take responsibility for protecting the digital world we all share. 　　把网络安全当作别人问题的时代已经过去；我们现在需要的是每个人、每家公司和每个政府都承担起保护我们共同分享的数字世界的责任。 2. She looked at the screen, where a message warned that her password had been used on another website, and made a promise to herself: from now on, she would take her online security seriously, because in the digital age, protecting her information was protecting herself. 　　她看着屏幕，上面一条消息警告她的密码在另一个网站上被使用了，她对自己许下承诺：从现在起，她会认真对待自己的网络安全，因为在数字时代，保护她的信息就是保护她自己。 3. What had started as a harmless click on a link had turned into a nightmare that cost the family their savings and their peace of mind, but now they were determined to learn from the experience and help others avoid the same trap. 　　最初只是无害地点击一个链接，却变成了一场噩梦，让这个家庭失去了积蓄和内心的平静，但现在他们决心从这次经历中吸取教训，帮助其他人避免同样的陷阱。 4. The classroom was filled with focused students, all listening carefully as the police officer explained how to spot online scams and protect their personal information, and the teacher knew that this lesson might be the most important one they learned all year. 　　教室里坐满了专注的学生，他们都在认真听警察讲解如何识别网络诈骗和保护个人信息，老师知道这堂课可能是他们全年学到的最重要的一堂课。 5. As the sun set and the office lights dimmed, the IT team worked through the night, patching the security vulnerability and checking every system for signs of intrusion, knowing that their work was protecting the personal information of millions of people. 　　当太阳落山、办公室灯光变暗时，IT团队通宵工作，修补安全漏洞并检查每个系统是否有入侵迹象，他们知道自己的工作正在保护数百万人的个人信息。 6. The old man's words echoed in her mind: "Your personal information is like your house key—you would never give it to a stranger, so why give it away online?" And with that thought, she deleted the app that had been collecting her data without permission. 　　老人的话在她脑海中回响："你的个人信息就像你家的钥匙——你永远不会把它给陌生人，那为什么要在网上把它送出去呢？"带着这个想法，她删除了那个未经许可收集她数据的应用程序。 7. Every person who chooses a strong password, who thinks before clicking a link, who reads the privacy policy before agreeing, is helping to build a safer digital world for everyone. 　　每一个选择强密码、点击链接前三思、同意前阅读隐私政策的人，都在帮助为每个人建设一个更安全的数字世界。 8. The small town that had once been the target of a major phone scam was now known across the country for its community-based fraud prevention program, with neighbors looking out for each other and no one falling victim to online deception. 　　那个曾经成为重大电话诈骗目标的小镇，现在因其基于社区的防诈骗计划而在全国闻名，邻居们互相照顾，没有人成为网络欺骗的受害者。 9. She stood at the podium, looking out at the crowd of parents and teachers, and told them that in the digital age, protecting our children's privacy was just as important as protecting their physical safety, and that it was up to all of us to create a safe online environment for the next generation. 　　她站在讲台上，看着人群中的家长和老师，告诉他们在数字时代，保护我们孩子的隐私和保护他们的人身安全一样重要，创造一个安全的在线环境是我们所有人的责任。 10. At the end of the day, when all the passwords have been changed and all the security updates have been installed, what truly matters is not how much technology we use, but how wisely we use it, and whether we remember that behind every screen is a real person with real rights and real privacy that deserves to be protected. 　　归根结底，当所有密码都已更改、所有安全更新都已安装时，真正重要的不是我们使用了多少技术，而是我们如何明智地使用它，以及我们是否记得每个屏幕背后都是一个真实的人，拥有值得被保护的真实权利和真实隐私。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $