Unit 7 Happy Birthday语法精讲与专项练习2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

2026-09-01
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摘要:

**基本信息** 以“7W1H”疑问词体系为核心,通过“定义-结构-对比-应用-易错警示”逻辑链构建特殊疑问句专项训练,融合方法提炼与情境应用,提升语言运用能力与思维逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|含“7W1H”表、结构对比表等|特殊疑问句“三步构建法”(定-改-提)、How many/much辨析法|从概念(定义)到原理(结构),再到应用(疑问词专项用法)及易错点规避,形成完整认知链| |专项练习|6类题型(填空/单选/完形等)|错题归因解析(如be动词选择、介词搭配)|题型对应语法点,通过情境化练习(生日/购物场景)强化知识迁移,培养语言应用能力|

内容正文:

新人教版七年级上册英语 Unit 7 Happy Birthday! 语法精讲与专项练习 📚 语法精讲部分 第一板块:特殊疑问句——获取具体信息的问句 1.1 什么是特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是用来对句子中某一具体部分提问的问句,不能用 Yes 或 No 回答,必须根据实际情况给出具体答案。它以特殊疑问词(大多数以 wh- 开头)引导,所以也叫 “WH-问句” 。 核心定义: 特殊疑问句 = 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(疑问词作主语时除外) 1.2 核心疑问词一览表(“7W1H”) 疑问词(组) 含义 提问对象 例句 Who 谁 人(主语/宾语) Who is your English teacher? What 什么 事物、事件、姓名等 What do you want for a gift? When 什么时候 时间(日期、时刻等) When is your mum‘s birthday? Where 在哪里 地点 Where is Mrs Green from? Why 为什么 原因 Why do people eat birthday noodles? Which 哪一个 在特定范围内选择 Which dress do you like? Whose 谁的 所有关系 Whose schoolbag is this? How 怎样;如何 方式、方法、状态 How do you spell it? How old 多大年纪 年龄 How old is your father? How many 多少 可数名词的数量 How many balloons do you want? How much 多少(钱) 价格或不可数名词数量 How much are the card and the doll? What color 什么颜色 颜色 What color is your bag? 📌 记忆小贴士:这些疑问词的首字母不是 W 就是 H,所以也叫 “7W1H” ,可以一起记忆。 1.3 特殊疑问句的结构(核心考点) 特殊疑问句的结构有两种情况,关键在于疑问词在句中充当什么成分。 ① 结构一:疑问词 + 一般疑问句(最常见) 当疑问词不是句子的主语时,采用这个结构: 特殊疑问词 + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语(原形)+ 其他? 三步法构建: 1. 定:根据答语确定疑问词 2. 改:将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 3. 提:将疑问词提前 示例: 步骤 操作 陈述句 Teng Fei gives a birthday card to his father. 定 对人物“Teng Fei”提问 → 用 Who 改 剩余部分改为一般疑问句:does he give a birthday card to his father? 提 将疑问词提前:Who does Teng Fei give a birthday card to? ② 结构二:疑问词 + 谓语动词(疑问词作主语时) 当疑问词(如 Who, What)本身就是句子的主语时,语序和陈述句一样,不需要加助动词。 特殊疑问词(作主语)+ 谓语动词 + 其他? 示例 解析 Who wants to go shopping with me? Who 作主语,动词用三单 wants What is on the desk? What 作主语,be 动词用 is 1.4 特殊疑问句 vs. 一般疑问句对比 对比维度 特殊疑问句 一般疑问句 句首词 特殊疑问词(what, who, why...) Be动词/助动词/情态动词(Is, Do, Can...) 回答方式 必须具体回答 Yes/No回答 语调 通常读降调 通常读升调 提问目的 获取未知的具体信息 确认事情是否属实 第二板块:核心疑问词的专项用法 2.1 When:询问时间(日期、时刻) When 用于询问“什么时候”,本单元常用于询问生日日期。 问句 答语 When is your birthday? It’s on 2nd August. When is International Nurses Day? It‘s on 12th May. ⚠️ 注意:答语中具体日期前用介词 on。 2.2 How old:询问年龄 How old 专门用于询问“多大年纪/几岁了”。 问句 答语 How old are you? I’m 12. / I‘m 12 years old. How old is your father? He is 45 years old. 同义句转换: How old are you? = What‘s your age? 2.3 How much:询问价格或不可数名词的数量 How much 有两个核心用法,本单元都会涉及: 用法 结构 示例 询问价格 How much + be动词 + 主语? How much is the hat? —It’s 5 dollars. 询问不可数名词数量 How much + 不可数名词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词? How much water do you need? —Two bottles. ⚠️ be动词的选择:How much is + 单数名词/不可数名词;How much are + 复数名词。 How much is the T-shirt?(单数) How much are these socks?(复数) 同义句转换: How much is the book? = What‘s the price of the book? 📌 辨析:how much 的两种用法 用法 中文含义 后接成分 例句 问价格 多少钱 be动词 + 名词 How much is the pen? 问数量 多少 不可数名词 How much milk do you want? 2.4 How many:询问可数名词的数量 How many 后接可数名词复数,用于询问数量。 问句 答语 How many balloons do you want? I want 10. How many students are there in your class? There are 40. 2.5 How many vs. How much 对比(超高频考点) 对比项 How many How much 提问内容 可数名词的数量 ①价格 ②不可数名词的数量 后接名词 可数名词复数 不可数名词 be动词 are is 例句 How many apples? How much milk? / How much is it? 2.6 What:询问事物或活动 What 用于询问“什么”(事物、事件、活动等)。 问句 答语 What do you want for your birthday? I want a new bike. What do you want to do on her birthday? I want to sing a song. 第三板块:日期的表达法 3.1 英式英语 vs. 美式英语 表达方式 顺序 示例 英式英语 日 + 月 2nd August / 2 August 美式英语 月 + 日 August 2nd / August 2 3.2 序数词的构成(日期中的“几号”) 英语日期中的“日”要用序数词。 类型 规则 示例 1-3 特殊记忆 first, second, third 4-19 加 -th fourth, fifth, sixth...thirteenth 20,30,40... 变 y 为 ie,加 -th twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 21-99 十位用基数词,个位用序数词,加连字符 twenty-first(21st) 3.3 介词搭配 介词 用法 示例 on 具体日期前 on 2nd August / on Monday in 月份/年份前 in August / in 2024 第四板块:本单元核心短语与句型 4.1 核心短语速查表 短语 含义 例句 make a wish 许愿 Make a wish before blowing out the candles. blow out 吹灭 Blow out the candles on the cake. take a photo 拍照 Let‘s take a photo together. have a party 举办派对 We have a party on my birthday. have a sale 促销;大减价 We have a sale today. shopping list 购物清单 Make a shopping list before going shopping. for example 例如 I like fruits, for example, apples and bananas. National Day 国庆节 We have a holiday on National Day. International Nurses’ Day 国际护士节 It‘s on 12th May. CPC Founding Day 中国共产党建党纪念日 — PLA Day 中国人民解放军建军节 — a pair of 一双/一对 I need a new pair of shoes. next time 下次 Next time, I’ll be more careful. go ahead 前进;继续 Go ahead and do what you want. a surprise party 一个惊喜派对 We plan a surprise party for her. 4.2 本单元核心句型 场景 句型 回答 询问生日日期 When is your birthday? It‘s on 2nd August. 询问年龄 How old are you? I’m 12. 询问价格 How much is the hat? It‘s five dollars. 询问数量(可数) How many kilos do you want? I want five kilos. 询问想要什么 What do you want for your birthday? I want a new bike. 购物招呼语 Can I help you? Yes, please. 决定购买 I’ll take it. / I‘ll take them. — 提出建议 How about a surprise party for them? Good idea! 4.3 购物场景对话句型 售货员常用语: Can I help you? / May I help you? / What can I do for you? 顾客常用语: Yes, please. I want / need... I’ll take it.(决定购买) 询问价格: How much is / are...? What is the price of...? 第五板块:易错点警示 ⚠️ 易错点一:how many vs. how much 混淆 ❌ 错误写法 ✅ 正确写法 解析 How much apples do you want? How many apples do you want? apples 可数复数,用 many How many water do you need? How much water do you need? water 不可数,用 much How much are the book? How much is the book? book 单数,用 is ⚠️ 易错点二:how much 问价格时 be 动词选错 ❌ 错误写法 ✅ 正确写法 解析 How much are the hat? How much is the hat? hat 单数,用 is How much is these socks? How much are these socks? socks 复数,用 are ⚠️ 易错点三:o‘clock 与具体日期混淆 ❌ 错误写法 ✅ 正确写法 解析 My birthday is at 2nd August. My birthday is on 2nd August. 具体日期前用 on I get up on 6. I get up at 6. 具体时刻前用 at ⚠️ 易错点四:特殊疑问句语序错误 ❌ 错误写法 ✅ 正确写法 解析 When your birthday is? When is your birthday? 疑问词后接一般疑问句语序 What you want? What do you want? 需加助动词 do How old your father is? How old is your father? 疑问词后接一般疑问句语序 📝 专项练习部分 一、用合适的疑问词填空 1. ______ is your birthday? —It‘s on 15th May. 2. ______ is your mother? —She is 40 years old. 3. ______ do you want for your birthday? —I want a new bike. 4. ______ is the T-shirt? —It’s 80 yuan. 5. ______ apples do you want? —I want five. 6. ______ do you celebrate your birthday with? —With my family. 7. ______ is the library? —It‘s behind the classroom building. 8. ______ do you like English? —Because it’s very interesting. 9. ______ balloons do you need? —I need 10. 10. ______ is your English teacher? —Mr Wang. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 11. My birthday is in May, the ______ (five) month of a year. 12. I am the ______ (two) child in my family. I have an elder brother and a little sister. 13. December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year. 14. It‘s my ______ (eight) birthday today. 15. ______ (National Day) is on 1st October. 四、按要求完成句子 25. My birthday is on 2nd August.(对划线部分提问) → _________________________________________________________________ 26. I want a new bike for my birthday.(对划线部分提问) → _________________________________________________________________ 27. The hat is 10 dollars.(对划线部分提问) → _________________________________________________________________ 28. I want five kilos of apples.(对划线部分提问) → _________________________________________________________________ 29. My father is 45 years old.(对划线部分提问) → _________________________________________________________________ 五、单项选择 30. —______ is your birthday? —It’s on 23rd November. A. What B. When C. Where D. How 31. —______ is the T-shirt? —It‘s seven dollars. A. How many B. How much C. How old D. What 32. —______ is your schoolbag? —It‘s under the desk. A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 33. How much ______ these socks? A. Is B. are C. do D. does 六、完形填空 阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Today is my birthday. I have a birthday (34) ______ at home. My parents and friends come to my party. My mother makes a big cake for me. There are twelve candles on the cake. I make a (35) ______ and (36) ______ out the candles. My father gives me a new bike. I like it very much. My friend Tom gives me a book. I can read it after school. My mother asks me, “(37) ______ are you?” I say, “I’m twelve years old now. I‘m very happy.” We have a good time today. My parents say, “We hope you have a (38) ______ birthday!” After the party, I want to buy a gift for my sister because her birthday is next month. I go to a store with my friend Lucy. The store has many things. I see a nice doll. I ask the shop assistant, “(39) ______ is the doll?” She says, “It’s 50 yuan.” I think it‘s too expensive. Then I find a beautiful scarf. It’s only 20 yuan. I decide to (40) ______ it. Lucy wants to buy a gift for her mother, too. She asks me, “(41) ______ do you think of this hat?” I say, “It looks nice. Your mother will like it.” Lucy is very happy. She takes it. On the way home, we see a little girl crying. She can’t find her mother. We help her (42) ______ her mother. At last, we find her mother. The mother thanks us. We feel very happy because we can (43) ______ others 34. A. party B. picnic C. meeting D. dinner 35. A. cake B. wish C. photo D. friend 36. A. take B. blow C. put D. look 37. A. What B. How old C. Where D. Who 38. A. happy B. busy C. new D. long 39. A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long 40. A. buy B. sell C. make D. keep 41. A. How B. What C. When D. Why 42. A. look at B. find C. see D. watch 43. A. ask B. teach C. help D. call 📖 参考答案与详细解析 一、用合适的疑问词填空 1. 【答案】When 【解析】回答为日期“15th May”,对日期/时间提问用 When。 2. 【答案】How old 【解析】回答为年龄“40 years old”,对年龄提问用 How old。 3. 【答案】What 【解析】回答为物品“a new bike”,对事物提问用 What。 4. 【答案】How much 【解析】回答为价格“80 yuan”,对价格提问用 How much。 5. 【答案】How many 【解析】apples 为可数名词复数,对可数名词数量提问用 How many。 6. 【答案】Who 【解析】回答为人物“With my family”,对人提问用 Who。 7. 【答案】Where 【解析】回答为地点“behind the classroom building”,对地点提问用 Where。 8. 【答案】Why 【解析】回答为原因“Because it‘s very interesting”,对原因提问用 Why。 9. 【答案】How many 【解析】balloons 为可数名词复数,对可数名词数量提问用 How many。 10. 【答案】Who 【解析】回答为人物“Mr Wang”,对人提问用 Who。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 11. 【答案】fifth 【解析】May(五月)是一年中的第五个月,用序数词 fifth。five 的序数词为 fifth(变 ve 为 f,加 th)。 12. 【答案】second 【解析】“有一个哥哥和一个妹妹”说明是第二个孩子,用序数词 second。two 的序数词为 second(特殊变化)。 13. 【答案】twelfth 【解析】December(十二月)是一年中的第十二个月,twelve 的序数词为 twelfth(变 ve 为 f,加 th)。注意拼写变化。 14. 【答案】eighth 【解析】“我的第八个生日”,eight 的序数词为 eighth(直接加 h,注意只有一个 t)。eighth 的拼写容易出错。 15. 【答案】National Day 【解析】“国庆节”为专有名词,英文表达为 National Day,首字母大写。 四、按要求完成句子 25. 【答案】When is your birthday? 【解析】对日期(on 2nd August)提问用 When,剩余部分改为一般疑问句语序:is 提到主语 your birthday 前面。 26. 【答案】What do you want for your birthday? 【解析】对事物(a new bike)提问用 What,主语 I 变为 you,助动词用 do,动词 want 用原形。注意介词 for 不能省略。 27. 【答案】How much is the hat? 【解析】对价格(10 dollars)提问用 How much,be 动词用 is(hat 为单数)。注意:How much 后直接接 is,再接主语。 28. 【答案】How many kilos of apples do you want? 【解析】对数量(five kilos)提问用 How many,后接“kilos of apples”,主语 I 变为 you,助动词用 do,动词 want 用原形。 29. 【答案】How old is your father? 【解析】对年龄(45 years old)提问用 How old,剩余部分改为一般疑问句语序:is 提到主语 your father 前面。 五、单项选择 30. 【答案】B 【解析】回答为日期“on 23rd November”,对日期/时间提问用 When。What 问事物,Where 问地点,How 问方式/状态。 31. 【答案】B 【解析】回答为价格“seven dollars”,对价格提问用 How much。How many 问可数名词数量,How old 问年龄,What 问事物。 32. 【答案】B 【解析】回答为地点“under the desk”,对地点提问用 Where。What 问事物,How 问方式/状态,Who 问人。 33. 【答案】B 【解析】these socks 为复数名词,be 动词用 are。How much 后接 be 动词时,be 动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。A 为单数形式,C/D 为助动词,不符合 How much 问价格的结构。 六、完形填空 34. 【答案】A 【解析】今天是“我”的生日,在家举办生日派对,用 birthday party。B 野餐(不符合生日庆祝场景),C 会议,D 晚餐,均不符合。 35. 【答案】B 【解析】make a wish 为固定搭配,意为“许愿”,是生日派对上的传统环节。A 蛋糕,C 照片,D 朋友,均不能与 make a 构成“许愿”这一固定短语。 36. 【答案】B 【解析】blow out the candles 为固定搭配,意为“吹灭蜡烛”。A 带走,C 放置,D 看,均不符合吹灭蜡烛的动作。 37. 【答案】B 【解析】下文回答“I’m twelve years old now.”(我现在12岁了),说明妈妈在问年龄,用 How old。A What 问事物,C Where 问地点,D Who 问人。 38. 【答案】A 【解析】父母祝福“我”有一个快乐的生日,用 happy birthday。happy birthday 为固定搭配。B 忙碌的,C 新的,D 长的,均不符合生日祝福的语境。 39. 【答案】A 【解析】下文回答“It‘s 50 yuan.”(50元),说明“我”在询问价格,用 How much。How many 问可数名词数量,How often 问频率,How long 问时间段。 40. 【答案】A 【解析】围巾只要20元,“我”决定买下它,用 buy。B 卖(不符合买家身份),C 制作,D 保留,均不符合购物场景中“决定购买”的语境。 41. 【答案】B 【解析】“______ do you think of this hat?”为固定句型,意为“你觉得这顶帽子怎么样?”,用 What。What do you think of...?为固定搭配。How do you like...?是另一种表达方式,注意区分。 42. 【答案】B 【解析】小女孩找不到妈妈,我们帮助她找到妈妈,用 find。A look at 看(强调看的动作),C see 看见(强调看到的结果),D watch 观看(强调观赏),均不符合“寻找并找到”的语境。help sb. do sth. 结构中用 find。 43. 【答案】C 【解析】“我们感到很开心,因为我们可以帮助别人”,用 help。A 问,B 教,D 打电话,均不符合上下文“助人为乐”的主题。help others 为固定搭配,意为“帮助他人”。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 7 Happy Birthday语法精讲与专项练习2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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Unit 7 Happy Birthday语法精讲与专项练习2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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Unit 7 Happy Birthday语法精讲与专项练习2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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