Unit 3 Festivals and Customs Grammar and usage 语法：过去将来时 导学案 -2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修二Unit 3过去将来时语法，引导学生通过观察课文原句思考黑体部分功能与构成，搭建从语境感知到归纳总结的学习支架，系统梳理would do、was/were going to do等四种结构的构成及区别，关联已学时态知识形成脉络。 资料以“观察-归纳-辨析-应用”为主线，即学即练结合春节、民俗等真实语境及雅礼期中真题，助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力。通过结构辨析培养分析比较的思维品质，分层练习设计帮助学生掌握语法学习策略，发展自主学习能力，兼具实用性与针对性。

必修二语法合集 Unit3语法过去将来时 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成。 1.If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim,she would need more money. was to buy:was/were to do过去将来（按计划将要做）；would need:wold do过去将来。站在过去Della的视角，描述当时c将来要发生的事。 2.She was going to sell her hair was going to sell,过去视角下，计划、打算将要做某事。 3.With the money she received for it,she would buy Jim a perfect gift would buy表示过去的意愿、将要发生。 4.Would Jim still think she was pretty? Would..think(过去将来一般疑问句) 5.She was about to find out. was/were about to do过去将来，即将、马上就要'，动作转瞬即发生。 归纳总结：四种过去将来时结构辨析 would do(从过去看)将会；主观意愿 was/were going to do过去打算、计划做：过去迹象预示将要发生 was/were to do过去的安排、命中注定要发生；书面色彩强（课文重点） was/were about to do马上就要，即刻发生（不和时间段连用） 过去将来时态的基本构成：wold+v.(原形)，表示从过去某时开始将要 发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中：也常可表示过去习惯性的动作（不 管什么人称，都用wold)。 1.过去将来时态的基本表达形式：would十do He hoped that they would meet again some day. 他希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 2.表示过去将来时的其他几种表达形式： ①was/were going to do,表示准备、计划做。 She said she was going to buy a new bike. 她说她打算买一辆新自行车。 ②was/were about to do,表示即将发生的动作，不和表示时间段的状语连用。 The bus was about to start. 公共汽车马上就要开了。 ③was/were to do,表示过去曾计划或安排要做。 The press conference was to be held the next week. 记者招待会将于下周举行。 ④was/were doing仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如：come,go,aive,leave 等。表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 I didn't know when they were coming again. 我不知道他们什么时候再来。 ⑤用某些动词的一般过去式形式表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。 They told me school began on September 1st. 他们告诉我9月1号开学。 3.was/were to do结构，was/were about to do结构以及was/were going to do 结构的区别： ①was/were to do侧重受别人指示或安排要做； ②was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来 的时间状语连用： ③was/were going to do侧重说话人的意图或打算。 Mr.Smith said he was to take up the position. 史密斯先生说他要接任这个职务。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 He promised me he was going to write the article well..他答应我会把文章写好。 [即学即练]单句语法填空 1.My grandma said she (teach)me how to make dumplings during the Spring Festival.(would do) 2.Dark clouds gathered;we sensed it (snow)soon.(was/were going to do) 3.He (set)off fireworks when his father reminded him of safety rules.(be about to do...when) 4.According to the official plan,the ceremony (be)held the next week. (was/were to do) 5.The guide promised that he (show)us ancient customs in the old town. (would do) 6.They (hold)a lantern party,yet heavy rain ruined their plan.(was/were going to do) 7.The exhibition (open)three days later as arranged by the local government.(was/were to do) 8.We (head)back home when a warm greeting came from a local villager. (be about to do) 9.She told her classmates she (take)part in the selection of cultural volunteers.(would do) 10.Judging from the weather,we (cancel)the outdoor celebration. (was/were going to do) 11.She told me she was leaving_ (leave)for the ancient town to experience Spring Festival customs the next morning. 1.would teach;主句过去时，表达过去许下的打算2.was going to snow;天色迹 象预判即将发生3.was about to set:固定结构be about to do..when正要做突然 4.was to be;过往正式日程安排，was to do书面正式5.would show:过去承诺将 要进行6.were going to hold;原本做好计划，实际落空 7.was to open;政府敲定的既定安排8.were about to head;即刻准备动身，搭配 when从句9.would take:主语主观表态将来行动l0.were going to cancel:依据 外在天气迹象准备做某事 课后练习 一单句语法填空。 1.In the 1980s,nobody knew the Internet would perform (perform)such an irreplaceable role in the future life. 2.Jason set a goal that in five years he would show (show)his works in the top gallery in that area. 3.It was hoped that his health would pick (pick)up soon with the new treatment. 4.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera.He was going(go)to watch this musical with his friend the next week. 5.At that time,Alice didn't realize that tennis would be (be)her passion for the rest of her life 6.He was going to speak(speak)at the meeting,but his heart attack prevented him. 7.They made up their minds that they would buy(buy)a new house once Lary changed jobs 8.I was about to throw (throw)everything away when my mother came in 9.We learnt that the folk artists were coming (come)to display traditional handicrafts soon. 10.The old temple would be protected (protect)better the following year, the local official said.(would be done) 11.She told me she was flying(fly)at 10 a.m.to Hong Kong the next day. 二.句子翻译。 1.爷爷当时说春节期间会教我包传统饺子。(would do（过去主观许诺、打算)) Grandpa said he would teach me to make traditional dumplings during the Spring Festival. 2.我们原本打算除夕夜逛灯会，突如其来的大雨打断了计划.(was/were going to do(已有计划，暗含计划落空)) We were going to visit the lantern show on New Year's Eve,yet the sudden heavy rain ruined our plan. 3.我正要燃放鞭炮，妈妈忽然提醒我注意安全。（was/were about to do...when...) I was about to set off firecrackers when Mum suddenly warned me to pay attention to safety 4.按照当年的方案，民俗展览将于节后开展。(was/were to do) According to the plan back then,the folk custom exhibition was to be held after the festival 5.负责人表示老旧习俗今后会被更好地传承下去。(would be done)) The manager stated that ancient customs would be passed down better in the future 6.他告诉我第二天一早动身前往古镇体验民俗。 He told me he was leaving for the ancient town to experience local customs early the next day. 三.短文语法填空。 Betty was born in Tibet,on August 27,2000.She 1.attended(attend)the goverment school near her home until she was eighteen.When she left school,she first went to Britain,from where she 2.would go/was going(go)to India soon to be trained as a teacher,and after training,she 3.was flying/was going to fly/would fly(fly) to Calcutta to teach geography at a school.However,she 4.was trained (train)to become a nurse in Calcutta,and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city.Now,many people slowly come to help her.Recently her work 5.has spread(spread)to other parts in the world.Many photos 6.have been taken(take)ofher,as she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.I think she 7.will be given(give)the Nobel Prize in the future for her love and service that she 8.has given(give)to the poor. 四.语法填空（雅礼期中真题） As the old saying goes,"Friends are like liquor ()the older,the better."Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones.For example,if two pieces of advice-1. (give)to solve a problem,one from a new friend and the other from 2. old fiiend,people will prefer the latter one 3. the former one,even though the new fiend's advice may be better. I,however,disagree with the old saying,4. (believe)that new friends are not 5. (necessary)worse than old friends.It is not always right 6. (determine)your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend,he or she must be a person 7. is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8. (you).It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend.It actually has little to do with time.People's appearance may change,9. their character usually stays the same.Therefore,on this point,there are no 10 (difference) between old fiiends and new friends 【答案】36.are given 37.an 38.to 39.believing 40.necessarily 41 to determine 42.that##who 43.yours 44.but##yet 45.differences 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的观点，作者认为用时间的长 短来决定友谊并不总是正确的。 【36题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：例如，如果要解决一个问题有两个建议，一个来自新朋 友，另一个来自老朋友，人们会更喜欢后者，而不是前者，即使新朋友的建议可 能更好。根据上下文可判断，本句时态为一般现在时：主语为two pieces of advice, 复数，和动词give之间存在被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are given。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：例如，如果要解决一个问题有两个建议，一个来自新朋友，另 个来自老朋友，人们会更喜欢后者，而不是前者，即使新朋友的建议可能更好。 修饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词ol发音以为元音音素开头， 用不定冠问an。故填an。 【38题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：例如，如果要解决一个问题有两个建议，一个来自新朋友， 另一个来自老朋友，人们会更喜欢后者，而不是前者，即使新朋友的建议可能更 好。固定搭配：prefer..to..,意为和..…相比，更喜欢..。故填to。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我不同意这句老话，认为新朋友不一定比老朋友 差。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主语I之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。 故填believing。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，我不同意这句老话，认为新朋友不一定比老朋友差。修 饰worse用副词，且构成固定搭配：not necessarily,意为未必”。故填necessarily。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：用时间的长短来决定友谊并不总是正确的。这里为ts +adj.+todo结构，由it担当形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式形式。故填to determine。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一旦你称某人为朋友，他或她一定是一个值得信赖的人， 他或她的兴趣与你的兴趣有共同之处。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为 person,在从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 【43题详解】 考查代词。句意：一旦你称某人为朋友，他或她一定是一个值得信赖的人，他或 她的兴趣与你的兴趣有共同之处。空处指的是your interests,用名词性物主代词。 故填yours。 【44题详解】 考查连词。句意：人们的外表可能改变，但他们的性格通常保持不变。上句 People's appearance may change”和下句their character usually stays the same'之 间存在转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but/yet。 【45题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：因此，在这一点上，老朋友和新朋友是没有区别的。本句 为there be句型，谓语动词遵循就近原则，根据本句谓语are可判断，主语为名 词的复数形式。故填differences。. 必修二语法合集 Unit 3 语法 过去将来时 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成。 1. If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim, she would need more money. 2. She was going to sell her hair. 3. With the money she received for it, she would buy Jim a perfect gift. 4. Would Jim still think she was pretty? 5. She was about to find out. 归纳总结：四种过去将来时结构辨析 would do （从过去看）将会；主观意愿 was/were going to do 过去打算、计划做；过去迹象预示将要发生 was/were to do 过去的安排、命中注定要发生；书面色彩强（课文重点） was/were about to do 马上就要，即刻发生（不和时间段连用） 过去将来时态的基本构成：would ＋ v．(原形)，表示从过去某时开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中；也常可表示过去习惯性的动作(不管什么人称，都用would)。 1．过去将来时态的基本表达形式：would＋do He hoped that they would meet again some day. 他希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 2．表示过去将来时的其他几种表达形式： ①was/were going to do，表示准备、计划做。 She said she was going to buy a new bike. 她说她打算买一辆新自行车。 ②was/were about to do，表示即将发生的动作，不和表示时间段的状语连用。 The bus was about to start. 公共汽车马上就要开了。 ③was/were to do，表示过去曾计划或安排要做。 The press conference was to be held the next week. 记者招待会将于下周举行。 ④was/were doing仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如：come，go，arrive，leave等。表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 I didn't know when they were coming again. 我不知道他们什么时候再来。 ⑤用某些动词的一般过去式形式表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。 They told me school began on September 1st. 他们告诉我9月1号开学。 3．was/were to do结构， was/were about to do结构以及was/were going to do结构的区别： ①was/were to do侧重受别人指示或安排要做； ②was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用； ③was/were going to do侧重说话人的意图或打算。 Mr.Smith said he was to take up the position. 史密斯先生说他要接任这个职务。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 He promised me he was going to write the article well.他答应我会把文章写好。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1. My grandma said she ________ (teach) me how to make dumplings during the Spring Festival.（would do） 2. Dark clouds gathered; we sensed it ________ (snow) soon.（was/were going to do） 3. He ________ (set) off fireworks when his father reminded him of safety rules.（be about to do…when） 4. According to the official plan, the ceremony ________ (be) held the next week.（was/were to do） 5. The guide promised that he ________ (show) us ancient customs in the old town.（would do） 6. They ________ (hold) a lantern party, yet heavy rain ruined their plan.（was/were going to do） 7. The exhibition ________ (open) three days later as arranged by the local government.（was/were to do） 8. We ________ (head) back home when a warm greeting came from a local villager.（be about to do） 9. She told her classmates she ________ (take) part in the selection of cultural volunteers.（would do） 10. Judging from the weather, we _________(cancel) the outdoor celebration.（was/were going to do） 11. She told me she ____________ (leave) for the ancient town to experience Spring Festival customs the next morning. 课后练习 一.单句语法填空。 1. In the 1980s, nobody knew the Internet _____________(perform) such an irreplaceable role in the future life. 2. Jason set a goal that in five years he _____________(show) his works in the top gallery in that area. 3. It was hoped that his health _____________(pick) up soon with the new treatment. 4. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He_____________(go) to watch this musical with his friend the next week. 5. At that time, Alice didn’t realize that tennis _____________(be) her passion for the rest of her life. 6. He was going _____________(speak)at the meeting，but his heart attack prevented him. 7. They made up their minds that they _____________(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 8. I was about _____________(throw) everything away when my mother came in. 9. We learnt that the folk artists_____________(come) to display traditional handicrafts soon. 10. The old temple _____________(protect) better the following year, the local official said.（would be done） 11. She told me she _____________(fly) at 10 a．m. to Hong Kong the next day. 二．句子翻译。 1. 爷爷当时说春节期间会教我包传统饺子。（would do（过去主观许诺、打算） _________________________________________________________________ 2. 我们原本打算除夕夜逛灯会，突如其来的大雨打断了计划。（was/were going to do（已有计划，暗含计划落空）） _______________________________________________, yet the sudden heavy rain ruined our plan. 3. 我正要燃放鞭炮，妈妈忽然提醒我注意安全。（was/were about to do…when… ） _________________________________________________________________ 4. 按照当年的方案，民俗展览将于节后开展。（was/were to do） According to the plan back then, the folk custom exhibition ________________ 5. 负责人表示老旧习俗今后会被更好地传承下去。（would be done）） _________________________________________________________________ 6. 他告诉我第二天一早动身前往古镇体验民俗。 _________________________________________________________________ 三．短文语法填空。 Betty was born in Tibet，on August 27，2000.She 1.____________(attend) the government school near her home until she was eighteen.When she left school，she first went to Britain, from where she 2.____________(go) to India soon to be trained as a teacher, and after training，she 3.____________(fly) to Calcutta to teach geography at a school.However, she 4.____________(train) to become a nurse in Calcutta，and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city.Now, many people slowly come to help her.Recently her work 5.____________(spread) to other parts in the world.Many photos 6.____________(take) of her，as she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.I think she 7.____________(give) the Nobel Prize in the future for her love and service that she 8____________(give) to the poor. 4． 语法填空（雅礼期中真题） As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice —1.____________ (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2.___________ old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3.___________ the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4.___________ (believe) that new friends are not 5.____________(necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6.___________ (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7.____________ is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8.___________(you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, 9.___________their character usually stays the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10.___________(difference) between old friends and new friends. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $