Unit 3 Make it happen（知识清单）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 3知识清单系统整合了“Make it happen”主题下的核心内容，涵盖科技发明、人物品质等六大主题词汇，动词短语、固定句型等实用短语，动词不定式和动名词作宾语的核心语法，以及介绍发明创造的写作任务，搭建了从词汇积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类、情景例句关联知识体系，如将“发明”“探测器”等科技词汇配生活场景例句，语法部分用“喜欢练习完成，避免坚持介意”口诀区分动名词用法，写作提供观点感悟、个人经历等三类框架及范文。设计“易错点对比表”（如spend/take/pay/cost辨析）和“记忆技巧”（everyday与every day助记口诀），培养学生语言能力和思维品质，既方便学生自主梳理知识，也为教师精准教学提供清晰参考。

Unit 3 Make it happen 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、科技发明 1. invent 发明，创造 (Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话？) 2. invention 发明（物） (This is a great invention. 这是一项伟大的发明。) 3. inventor 发明者，发明家 (Edison was a great inventor. 爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。) 4. machine 机器 (This machine can work very fast. 这台机器工作很快。) 5. printer 打印机 (I use the printer to print my homework. 我用打印机打印作业。) 6. 3‑D 三维的，立体的 (I like watching 3‑D movies. 我喜欢看3D电影。) 7. download 下载 (You can download the story on the Internet. 你可以在网上下载这个故事。) 8. signal 信号 (There is no phone signal here. 这里没有手机信号。) 9. detector 探测器，检测器 (The detector can find dangerous things. 探测器可以发现危险物品。) 10. sense 检测出 (The machine can sense small changes. 这台机器能够检测出微小的变化。) 11. electricity 电 (We cannot live well without electricity. 没有电我们没法很好生活。) 12. lightning 闪电 (Lightning can be very dangerous. 闪电可能非常危险。) 13. lightning rod 避雷针 (A lightning rod keeps the building safe. 避雷针保护建筑物安全。) 14. artificial 人造的，人工的 (This is an artificial flower. 这是一朵人造花。) 二、人物品质与精神 1. creative 有创造力的 (My sister is very creative. 我的姐姐很有创造力。) 2. imaginative 富有想象力的 (Children are usually very imaginative. 孩子通常很富有想象力。) 3. curiosity 好奇心 (Curiosity helps us learn new things. 好奇心帮助我们学习新事物。) 4. talent 天资，天赋，才能 (She has a talent for music. 她有音乐天赋。) 5. passionately 强烈地 (He passionately loves science. 他热爱科学。) 6. drive 促使 (Curiosity drives him to keep trying. 好奇心促使他不断尝试。) 7. be drawn to 被……吸引 (Lots of kids are drawn to science. 很多孩子被科学吸引。) 三、行为动作 1. solve 解决 (Can you help me solve this problem? 你能帮我解决这个问题吗？) 2. fix 解决（问题） (Dad fixed my broken bike. 爸爸修好（解决）了我坏掉的自行车。) 3. improve 改善，改进；变得更好 (If you practice, you will improve your English. 如果你练习，你的英语就会进步。) 4. test 试验，检验 (Scientists test their new ideas. 科学家试验他们的新想法。) 5. fail 失败 (Don’t give up even if you fail once. 就算失败一次也不要放弃。) 6. allow 允许，容许，准许 (My mum allows me to read science books. 妈妈允许我读科学书籍。) 7. warn 警告，告诫；提醒 (The teacher warns us to be careful. 老师提醒我们要小心。) 8. lend 借给，借出 (Could you lend me your pen? 你可以把笔借给我吗？) 四、历史与发展 1. achievement 成绩；成就 (Winning the prize is a big achievement. 获奖是一项很大的成就。) 2. role 作用 (Science plays an important role in our life. 科学在我们生活中起重要作用。) 3. development 进步，发展 (We are happy to see the development of new technology. 我们很高兴看到新技术的发展。) 4. pioneer 先驱，先锋，创始人 (He was a pioneer in computer science. 他是计算机科学领域的先驱。) 5. exploration 探索；探险；勘探；勘查 (The exploration of space is very exciting. 太空探索非常激动人心。) 6. generation 一代（人） (This story is told from one generation to another. 这个故事一代一代传下去。) 7. once 过去，曾经 (Once there was a clever inventor. 曾经有一位聪明的发明家。) 8. later 以后的 (He became a famous scientist many years later. 多年以后他成了著名的科学家。) 9. during 在……期间 (He did lots of experiments during his life. 他一生当中做了很多实验。) 五、材料与计量 1. block 一块（指木头、石头等有直边的硬物） (He used a big block of wood. 他用了一大块木头。) 2. hook 钩状物 (Hang your coat on the hook. 把你的外套挂在挂钩上。) 3. glue 胶，胶水 (I need some glue to stick the paper. 我需要一点胶水粘纸。) 4. object 物体 (Can you see that small object on the ground? 你能看见地上那个小东西吗？) 5. weigh 重，重量是…… (The box weighs two kilograms. 这个箱子重两千克。) 6. kilogram 千克，公斤 (The apple is one kilogram. 这个苹果一公斤重。) 7. cost 价格为，需支付（某一数量的钱） (The new printer costs 500 yuan. 这台新打印机500元。) 六、状态、感受与交际用语 1. condition 状况，状态；条件 (The old machine is in good condition. 这台旧机器状态很好。) 2. trouble 使忧虑，使苦恼 (The difficult question troubles me. 这道难题让我很苦恼。) 3. blind 盲的，失明的 (The blind man needs our help. 这位盲人需要我们的帮助。) 4. congratulations 祝贺的话 (Congratulations on your great invention! 祝贺你做出这么棒的发明！) 5. everyday 日常的；平常的；每天的 (Science is everywhere in our everyday life. 科学存在于我们日常生活的各个地方。) 短 语 一、动词短语 1. shake hands with sb 与某人握手 (We shake hands with each other when we meet.) 我们见面时互相握手。 2. lend a hand to sb 帮助某人 (We should lend a hand to people in need.) 我们应该帮助有需要的人。 3. look through 快速阅读，浏览(I look through newspapers every morning.) 我每天早上浏览报纸。 4. make money 赚钱(He works hard to make money for his family.) 他努力工作为家人赚钱。 5. lose one’s life 失去生命(Many people lost their lives in the accident.) 很多人在事故中失去了生命。 6. hit on success 偶然获得成功(The young scientist hit on success by accident.) 这位年轻科学家偶然获得了成功。 7. be drawn to 被……吸引 (Children are drawn to interesting science stories.) 孩子们被有趣的科学故事吸引。 8. be curious about 对……感到好奇(All kids are curious about nature.) 所有孩子都对大自然感到好奇。 9. have a deep curiosity about 对……有强烈的好奇心(She has a deep curiosity about space.) 她对太空有着强烈的好奇心。 10. drive sb towards 推动/驱使某人朝向某目标发展(Dream drives him towards his goals.) 梦想推动他朝着自己的目标前进。 二、固定句型（带to‑do / doing经典句式） 1. be able to do sth 能够做某事 (She is able to speak English well.) 她能够流利地说英语。 2. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事(I enjoy reading books in my free time.) 我喜欢在空闲时间看书。 3. spend…(in) doing sth 花费……做某事(I spend two hours doing my homework every day.) 我每天花费两小时做作业。 4. protect sth from… 保护某物免受……(We should protect the environment from pollution.) 我们应该保护环境免受污染。 5. be born without 天生没有…… (The little boy was born without the ability to hear.) 这个小男孩天生没有听力。 三、其他短语 1. all the time 一直；始终 (The machine works all the time.) 这台机器一直运转。 2. one after another 一个接一个地 (Good ideas came one after another.) 好主意一个接一个地出现。 3. what’s worse 更糟的是 (What’s worse, it began to rain.) 更糟的是，开始下雨了。 4. out of 用……（材料制作） (This box is made out of wood.) 这个盒子是用木头制作的。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、记叙描写类 1. Easton LaChappelle, a 14‑year‑old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. 伊斯顿·拉沙佩勒，一名14岁的学生，在科学展上站在自己的作品旁。 2. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 他用塑料块和鱼线制作了它。 3. The girl was born without an arm. 这个女孩天生没有胳膊。 4. It was able to move with brain signals of the user. 它能够随着使用者的大脑信号移动。 5. And finally he hit on success at age 23. 最终他在23岁时偶然获得了成功。 6. But sadly he lost his life when he tested his invention. 但遗憾的是，他在测试自己的发明时失去了生命。 二、逻辑衔接类 1. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 更糟的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，一直需要新的假肢。 2. Even though his curiosity didn't lead to success, his idea gave later generations the courage to keep exploring space. 尽管他的好奇心没有带来成功，但他的想法给了后代继续探索太空的勇气。 三、观点表达类 1. Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious." 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾说：“我没有特殊的天赋，我只是极度好奇。” 2. Many great inventions in history are the result of people's curiosity. 历史上许多伟大的发明都是人们好奇心的产物。 3. Curiosity works like a key. It opens new doors for us to learn and discover. 好奇心就像一把钥匙，为我们打开学习和探索的新大门。 4. When we stay curious and ask questions, we can always explore more and find amazing things in the world. 当我们保持好奇、提出问题时，我们总能探索更多，发现世界上奇妙的事物。 四、行为意愿类 1. I must lend a hand to people like her. 我必须帮助像她这样的人。 2. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. 他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。 3. He didn't want to make money from it. 他不想靠这个发明赚钱。 五、影响作用类 1. This strong curiosity drove him to spend years studying the sky and the earth. 这份强烈的好奇心驱使他花费数年时间研究天地。 2. These achievements played an important role in the development of science. 这些成就对科学的发展起到了重要作用。 3. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. 他被电所吸引，对电的本质有着强烈的好奇心。 4. This invention helps protect buildings from lightning. 这项发明保护建筑物免受雷击。 语法 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 写作 介绍发明创造 一、知识点精讲 考点1 out of的用法 意为“用……（材料制成）”，表示某物由特定的材料构成或组装而成。 【例句】 He built a model plane out of cardboard. 他用纸板做了一个飞机模型。 【拓展】： ▲意为“从……里面出来”。 【例句】 The cat jumped out of the box.猫从盒子里跳了出来。 ▲意为“缺乏；用完”。 【例句】 We’re out of milk.我们的牛奶喝完了。 ▲意为“出于……（原因/动机）”。 【例句】 She did it out of kindness.她这么做是出于善意。 考点2 shake hands with sb的用法 固定短语，意为“与某人握手”，属于肢体语言，用于描述两人互相握手的社交动作，常见于正式或友好的场合。 【例句】 They shook hands with the president after the ceremony.仪式后，他们与总统握手。 考点3 blow sb away的用法 1、意为“使某人大为惊讶”，强调某事物或行为让人产生强烈的情感冲击。 【例句】 The new technology is blowing scientists away.这项新技术正让科学家们惊叹连连。 考点4 lend a hand to sb的用法 常用短语，意为“帮助某人”，强调在某人需要时提供实际上的帮助，比如搬东西、做家务等。【例句】 She always lends a hand when her neighbours are in trouble.邻居有困难时，她总会伸出援手。 考点5 be able to的用法 意为“能够，会，胜任”，表示某种能力。be able to 相当于 can，但是两者存在区别。be able to 多指一个人经过后天的努力而获取的一种“能力”，有各种时态及人称的变化；can 是情态动词，意为“能，会”，无人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。 【例句】 Birds can fly.鸟会飞。 After training, he was able to swim across the lake.经过训练后，他成功地游过了湖。 考点6 with（借助，通过；用）的用法 通常指依赖某种具体的技术、工具或媒介来完成动作。 【例句】 She draws pictures with a digital pen.她用电子笔画画。 考点7 one after another的用法 表示“一个接一个地；接连不断地”，强调动作或事件的连续性、不间断性。 【例句】 She finished all the tasks one after another without taking a break.她一口气完成了所有任务，中间都没休息。 考点8 hit on success的用法 意为“偶然获得成功”或“意外找到成功的方法”，强调成功带有一定的偶然性、突发性，而非经过长期计划。 【例句】 The robot team hit on success in the competition.机器人队在比赛中成功了。 考点9 be drawn to的用法 表示“被……吸引”，强调一种不由自主的、强烈的吸引力，常用于对人或事物的天然好感或兴趣。其后接名词、代词或动名词。 【例句】 She was drawn to his kindness.她被他的善良吸引。 Many artists are drawn to painting nature.许多艺术家钟情于描绘自然。 考点10 have a curiosity about的用法 表示“对……有好奇心”，强调一种主动的、持续的兴趣，后面可接名词、代词或动名词，与 be curious about 意思相近。 【例句】 Children have a natural curiosity about how things work.孩子们对事物的运作方式有天生的好奇心。 考点11 protect…from的用法 意为“保护……免受……”，基本结构是“protect＋宾语＋from＋名词/动名词”。 【例句】 This app protects your photos from being stolen.这款应用软件保护你的照片不被盗用。 考点12 spend…(in) doing sth的用法 spend 表示“花费(时间/金钱)”，基本结构：Sb spend＋时间/金钱＋on sth/(in) doing sth“某人花费时间、金钱在某事上/做某事”。 【例句】 She spends half an hour on homework daily.她每天花半个小时做作业。 He spent $500 (in) buying books.他花了500美元买书。 考点13 look through的用法 意为“快速阅读，浏览”，是“动词＋副词”短语，后接宾语时，宾语可为名词或代词；宾语为代词时，只能放在 look 和 through 的中间。 【例句】 Please look through these documents before the meeting.请在开会前快速阅读这些文件。 二、核心语法精讲 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 当一句话里需要两个动词连用，不能直接把两个动词放一起，就要用to‑do（动词不定式）或者doing（动名词）作宾语。 一、动词 + to do（不定式）作宾语 ✅ 含义：表示想要、计划、决定、主动提出要去做某事（事情大多还没做） ✅ 结构：主语 + 动词 + to do + 其他 ✅ 常接to‑do的动词： want（想要），hope（希望），plan（计划），decide（决定），offer（主动提出），learn（学习） ✅ 例句： 1. I wanted to see the Beijing opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there. 我想看京剧，所以李玲就提出带我去看。 2. We only planned to watch for an hour. 我们原先只打算看一个小时。 3. I hope to understand more next time. 我希望下次懂得多一些。 注意：不定式to + 动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子谓语。 二、动词 + doing（动名词）作宾语 ✅ 含义：表示喜欢、坚持、练习、完成、介意、避免做某事 ✅ 结构：主语 + 动词 + doing + 其他 ✅ 常接doing的动词： enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习），finish（完成），avoid（避免），keep（坚持，一直），mind（介意） ✅ 例句： 1. She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world. 她喜欢了解世界各地不同的文化和传统。 2. He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. 他每天练习两个小时吉他。 口诀：喜欢练习完成，避免坚持介意 → enjoy, practise, finish, avoid, keep, mind 三、同一动词，接to‑do和doing含义不同（高频考点） 1. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已经做完） I remember seeing her. 我记得见过她。 2. remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事（事情还没有做，需要去做） You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 出门之前一定要记得锁门。 【拓展】forget doing 忘记做过；forget to do 忘记要去做 四、简单判断技巧 1. 表示将来、打算要做 → 大多用 to do 2. 表示爱好、习惯、已经做过 → 大多用 doing 3. 特殊动词单独记：remember/forget，看事情做没做过再选形式 三、单元写作清单 1、话题分析 本单元写作核心聚焦敢想敢做、积极实践、克服困难、实现目标的成长主题，旨在引导学生表达“想法需要行动支撑”的人生态度。考试常考三大题型：个人成长叙事、观点感悟作文、生活创意分享。写作整体语言朴实积极，叙事多用一般过去时，发表观点多用一般现在时，重点考查学生运用递进、转折、结果类连接词，结合自身经历表达感悟的能力。 2、写作框架 题型一：观点感悟类 开头：直接点明主旨——美好的想法和梦想，只有付出行动才能实现。 中间：简单讲道理+举例，说明遇到困难不退缩、坚持努力的重要性。 结尾：升华主题，表态自己今后会勇敢尝试、踏实行动。 题型二：个人经历叙事类 开头：引出自己曾经想要完成的一件小目标或想改变的缺点。 中间：详细写遇到的阻碍、自己具体的做法、日复一日的坚持与付出。 结尾：写出最终收获，明白“行动与坚持才能成就自己”的道理。 题型三：创意生活分享类 开头：从日常生活不便之处出发，引出自己的小想法、小创意。 中间：介绍创意的用途、优点，能给学习生活带来哪些帮助。 结尾：表达感悟：生活处处有创意，敢于尝试就能让想法成真。 3、写作素材 【核心单词】 effort 努力；action 行动；brave 勇敢的；try 尝试；fail 失败；learn 收获；improve 提升；create 创造；dream 梦想；goal 目标；progress 进步；possible 可能的 【高分短语】 take every chance to try 抓住机会尝试 face problems bravely 勇敢面对问题 keep moving on 继续前行 learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 turn dreams into reality 将梦想变为现实 small steps make big progress 点滴努力成就进步 【开头句】 1. Ideas are easy to have, but success belongs to people who take action. 想法人人都有，但成功属于付诸行动的人。 2. No dream can come true without hard work and continuous effort. 没有努力与坚持，就没有实现的梦想。 【中间过渡句】 1. Although I met many difficulties, I never chose to give up. 虽然遇到很多困难，但我从未选择放弃。 2. Every small try helps me grow and become stronger. 每一次小小的尝试，都让我成长、变强。 【结尾升华句】 1. As long as we keep trying, our hard work will finally pay off. 只要坚持尝试，努力终会有回报。 2. Make every idea happen with courage and persistence. 用勇气和坚持，让每一个想法落地成真。 4、范文背诵 范文1 观点感悟类 Make Our Ideas Happen Everyone has different ideas and dreams in life, but only a few people can make them come true. The biggest difference lies in action and persistence. It is normal to meet difficulties and failures on the way to success. Some people give up easily, while brave people learn from their mistakes and keep trying. No great progress comes in a short time. It needs long-term effort and patience. As middle school students, we should not only have dreams, but also take real action. If we stick to our goals bravely, we can finally make everything happen. 范文2 个人成长叙事类 Action Brings Changes Last year, I was poor at my spoken English and was afraid to speak in class. I decided to change this situation. I made a small daily plan. I read English sentences every morning and practiced speaking in front of the mirror every night. When I made mistakes, I corrected them carefully instead of feeling upset. The process was tiring and slow. After half a year, I could speak English more fluently and confidently. I truly realize that no change comes easily. Only continuous action can help us improve and make our goals happen. 范文3 创意分享类 My Small Idea for Better Life In our daily study, we often waste time looking for stationery and books. So I come up with a useful idea. I hope to design a tidy study box for students. It has different layers for pens, notebooks and small cards. It is light, cheap and easy to carry. It can help us keep our school things organized and save much study time. Good ideas are everywhere in life. If we observe carefully and try to practice, we can make our small ideas happen and bring convenience to our daily life. 易错点01 spend, take, pay与cost辨析 【错因辨析】 四个词中文都可以译作“花费”，但主语身份、搭配介词、后接内容都有严格区别，是单选、完形高频错题： 1. spend：主语必须是人。 两个固定搭配： ✅sb. spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + on sth.（on后面接名词/代词，某样东西） ✅sb. spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.（in可以省略，后面接动名词，做某事） 2. take：初中常考it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的to‑do不定式，一般只用来指花费时间。 固定句型：✅It takes sb. + 一段时间 + to do sth. 注意：it不能换成具体的人或物。 3. pay：主语必须是人，语义侧重“支付、掏钱”，只和金钱搭配。 固定搭配：✅sb. pay(s) + 钱 + for sth.（for后面接购买的物品） 4. cost：主语必须是事物、物品，不能是人，意思是“某物耗费某人多少钱”。 固定句型：✅sth. cost(s) sb. + 金钱 ⚠️常见坑： ❌I cost 50 yuan for the pen.（主语是人，不能用cost） ❌It spends me an hour to run.（形式主语it不能用spend） ❌She paid two hours on her homework.（pay只能花钱，不能花时间） 【助记口诀】 人spend，人pay；物cost，it来take。 on加物，in加动，for后面跟商品。 【对点训练】单项选择 1. I ____ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost 【答案】B 【解析】主语I是人，后面是reading，符合sb. spend time (in) doing sth.（某人花时间做某事）。take要用it作形式主语；pay后只接金钱；cost主语必须是物。 2. It ____ me 20 minutes to get to the shop. A. costs B. pays C. takes D. spends 【答案】C 【解析】固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间，it是形式主语。 3. The nice bag ____ her 120 yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 【答案】D 【解析】主语the nice bag是物品，sth. cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱。spend、pay主语只能是人；take多用于花费时间。 4. My mum ____ 80 yuan for this sweater yesterday. A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost 【答案】A 【解析】搭配pay money for sth. 为某物付钱；yesterday表示过去时，pay变为paid。spend要用on/(in) doing；take、cost主语不能是人。 5. Lily often ____ one hour ____ her math exercises. A. spends; doing B. takes; to do C. pays; for D. costs; on 【答案】A 【解析】主语Lily是人，spend some time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事，第二空用动名词doing。take主语是it；pay不能接时间；cost主语是物。 易错点02 everyday 与 every day辨析 【错因辨析】 两个词组只差一个空格，很多同学凭中文意思乱填，忽略词性和句子成分： 1. everyday（连写，一个单词）：形容词，含义：日常的、普通的、每天的。 ✅语法功能：只能放在名词前面作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 ✅例句：everyday life 日常生活；everyday English 日常英语 ❌不能放句首、句末当“每天”用：I go to school everyday.（错误） 2. every day（分开写，两个单词）：副词短语，含义：每天，天天，= each day。 ✅语法功能：作时间状语，放在句子开头或者句子末尾，说明动作发生的频率。 ✅例句：I go to school every day. 我每天去上学。 ❌不能放在名词前面修饰名词：every day life（错误） ⚠️简单判断技巧： 把位置空出来，翻译成“的”通顺→用everyday（形容词）； 翻译成“（时间）”通顺，表动作多久一次→用every day（副词短语）。 ⚠️易混拓展：everyone（每人，代词） vs every one（每一个，短语）也是一样“连写是词，分开是短语”的规律，可以一起记忆。 【助记口诀】 连写everyday是“日常的”，名词前面来站岗； 分开every day是“每天”，句首句末作状语放。 【对点训练】 用everyday / every day填空 1. Doing sports is part of my ________ life. 【答案】everyday 【解析】everyday是形容词，意为“日常的”，放在名词life前作定语；every day是副词词组，只能作状语。everyday life 日常生活。 2. I walk my dog ________ after dinner. 【答案】every day 【解析】every day“每天”，副词短语，在句中作时间状语，说明遛狗的频率。 3. These are some simple ________ English words. 【答案】everyday 【解析】everyday形容词“日常的”，修饰English words，everyday English words 日常英语单词。 4. My grandpa drinks tea ________. 【答案】every day 【解析】every day作时间状语，表示动作发生的频率“每天”。 5. We should care for the small ________ things in our life. 【答案】everyday 【解析】everyday形容词“日常的”，修饰名词things，the small everyday things 日常小事。 一、完形填空 Some old Chinese inventions have won wide popularity around the world. Recently, a British woman learned about an 1 Chinese invention which has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings (人类非物质文化遗产) since 2013. She used it to help her son 2 a math problem. Dr. Mantri grew up in India. She was taught how to use an abacus to solve math problems when she was young. After 3 that her son Dhruv had great difficulty with math, she started using the same ancient Chinese tool to help him after school. “My son was in Grade 5 when I found he was 4 in math” said Dr. Mantri, “I would ask him something very easy like ‘35-13=? ’, but he couldn’t work it out.” “I never thought I would teach him to use such an old tool 5 I realized I could try the Chinese abacus. It is a useful 6 to help kids better understand numbers and basic calculations. Very 7 I saw the results. After six days, Dhruv started to make progress 8 with the help of the abacus. He even performed with the abacus at a school meeting where some parents came to 9 for advice on using it to help their kids. Known as the fifth invention of ancient China, Chinese abacus is also 10 of as the earliest computer. It helped people solve many math problems in ancient China. As long as you remember the rules, you can easily use it. Sometimes, just move one bead (算珠), then another bead, and you will get the answer. What a magic tool! 1．A．educational B．honest C．ancient D．interesting 2．A．deal with B．work as C．agree on D．throw away 3．A．watching B．providing C．informing D．noticing 4．A．creative B．weak C．talented D．successful 5．A．after B．when C．until D．since 6．A．sign B．report C．method D．field 7．A．long B．soon C．late D．early 8．A．politely B．loudly C．bravely D．rapidly 9．A．care B．leave C．ask D．pay 10．A．cost B．caught C．covered D．thought 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位英国母亲利用中国古代发明算盘，帮助数学薄弱的儿子取得进步的故事，展示了算盘的神奇作用。 【详解】1．句意：最近，一位英国女士了解到一项中国古老发明，它自2013年起被列为人类非物质文化遗产。 根据上文“Some old Chinese inventions”以及“the Chinese abacus”可知，算盘是古老的发明，ancient“古老的”符合语境；educational“有教育意义的”、honest“诚实的”、interesting“有趣的”，均不符合。 2．句意：她用它来帮助儿子处理一道数学题。 固定搭配deal with意为“处理，解决”，符合“解决数学题”的语境；work as“充当”、agree on“达成一致”、throw away“扔掉”，均不符合。 3．句意：注意到儿子Dhruv在数学方面有很大困难之后，她开始放学后使用同样古老的中国工具帮助儿子。 根据“在数学方面有很大困难”，可知notice意为“注意到”，符合语境；watch“观看”、provide“提供”、inform“通知”，均不符合。 4．句意：Mantri博士说：“我的儿子五年级的时候，我发现他数学薄弱。” 根据后文“I would ask him something very easy like ‘35‑13=?’, but he couldn’t work it out.”可知儿子数学不好，weak“薄弱的”符合语境；creative“有创造力的”、talented“有天赋的”、successful“成功的”，均不符合。 5．句意：我从来没有想过我会教他使用这么古老的工具，直到我意识到我可以试一试中国算盘。 根据“教他使用这么古老的工具”和“意识到我可以试一试中国算盘”，可知固定结构not…until，意为“直到……才”，until“直到”符合语境；after“在……之后”、when“当……时候”、since“自从”，均不符合。 6．句意：它是一种有用的方法，帮助孩子更好地理解数字和基础运算。 算盘是学习数学的工具方法，method意为“方法”符合语境；sign“标志”、report“报告”、field“领域”，均不符合。 7．句意：很快我就看到了效果。 根据后文“After six days, Dhruv started to make progress”，very soon意为“很快”，符合语境；long“长的”、late“迟的”、early“早的”，均不符合。 8．句意：六天之后，在算盘的帮助下Dhruv开始快速取得进步。 此处指进步很快，rapidly“快速地”符合语境；politely“礼貌地”、loudly“大声地”、bravely“勇敢地”，均不符合。 9．句意：他甚至在学校集会上表演算盘，一些家长前来询问使用它帮助孩子的建议。 此处指家长询问建议，ask for advice意为“寻求建议”，符合语境；care“关心”、leave“离开”、pay“支付”，均不符合。 10．句意：被称作中国古代第五大发明，中国算盘也被认为是最早的计算机。 此处指算盘在中国的地位，be thought of as意为“被看作、被认为”；cost“花费”、caught“抓住”、covered“覆盖”，均不符合。 二、补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整 (选项中有两项是多余的) 。 A: Tom, I called you last night, but there was no reply. 1 B: Sorry, Kate! I was trying out my new invention in my small lab. A: Your new invention? 2 B: It’s a robot that can help to find missing people in an earthquake. A: Sounds great. 3 B: For nearly one year. I have done much work and I’m almost going to succeed. A: 4 Have you ever wanted to give up? B: Yes, I have. But I might be able to save more people. That’s why I decided to go on working. A: 5 May you succeed. B: Thanks a lot. A．What is it? B．Where is your small lab? C．You are so brave and confident. D．What were you doing at that time? E．How long have you been doing that? F．It’s impossible for us to invent new things. G．It sounds difficult to create something new. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】本对话主要讲述了Kate询问Tom昨晚未接电话的原因，Tom解释自己在试验能帮助地震搜救的机器人发明，并分享了研发时长、遇到的困难以及坚持的动力，最后Kate给予鼓励和祝福。 【详解】1．根据“I called you last night, but there was no reply”和“Sorry, Kate! I was trying out my new invention in my small lab”可知，此处询问对方昨晚在做什么。选项D“你那时在做什么？”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据“Your new invention?”和“It’s a robot that can help to find missing people in an earthquake”可知，此处询问发明的具体内容。选项A“它是什么？”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据“For nearly one year. I have done much work”可知，此处询问持续时间。选项E“你做这个多久了？”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据“Have you ever wanted to give up?”和“Yes, I have. But I might be able to save more people. That’s why I decided to go on working.”可知，空格处的内容应体现“研发过程不容易”，从而自然引出“是否想过放弃”的问题，选项G“创造新东西听起来很困难。”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据“May you succeed.”和“Thanks a lot.”可知，此处表示对对方的鼓励和赞扬，选项C“你真是勇敢且自信啊。”符合语境，故选C。 三、阅读理解 A Researchers from Peking University created a new tool called ThermoFace. Different from older ways to look at one’s body temperature, it looks at different parts of the face to check people’s age and health. ▲ The face has many blood vessels (血管). With their help, ThermoFace can find “hot” and “cool” areas in the face that change with age and illness. For example, as people become older, the temperature of their nose goes down faster than other parts of their face. If someone’s nose is warmer, it means he has a younger age. However, the area around the eyes usually gets hotter as people get older. The researchers also find that people with high blood pressure (血压) have warmer cheeks. With ThermoFace, doctors can notice people’s illness earlier. They can do more tests and give advice. Can ThermoFace work perfectly? Will ThermoFace work the same for everyone? We still don’t know. Other factors, like exercise and eating ice cream, can change the temperature of your face. The tool can’t tell us why something happened, but it can show doctors that there might be a problem. ThermoFace is helpful for research, but we still need to find out if it can be used in real life to help doctors. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can ThermoFace mainly do? A．It can tell someone’s name. B．It can check someone’s health. C．It can change someone’s face. D．It can take someone’s temperature. 2．Which of the following can be put in “▲”? A．How does ThermoFace work? B．Why can ThermoFace show age? C．Where does the idea come from? D．When does the temperature get higher? 3．Which is probably the result of the research?（—: area of eyes; ┄: area of the nose） A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “factors” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Secrets. B．Problems. C．Reasons. D．Uses. 5．What does the writer think of ThermoFace in real-life use? A．Difficult. B．Helpful. C．Successful. D．Unsure. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了北京大学研发的ThermoFace工具，通过分析面部温度变化来检测年龄与健康状况。 【详解】1．第一段明确指出：“it looks at different parts of the face to check people’s age and health.”说明ThermoFace主要用于检测健康与年龄。 2．第二段空格后详细解释了面部温度随年龄和疾病变化的原理，因此空格处应提出“How does ThermoFace work?”来引出下文。 3．第二段指出：“as people become older, the temperature of their nose goes down faster than other parts... the area around the eyes usually gets hotter as people get older.”因此年龄增加时，鼻子温度下降，眼周温度上升。符合这一趋势的图示为A项。 4．第三段提到：“Other factors, like exercise and eating ice cream, can change the temperature of your face.”此处“factors”指影响温度的各种因素（原因），因此C项“Reasons”最接近。 5．最后一段指出：“ThermoFace is helpful for research, but we still need to find out if it can be used in real life.”说明作者对其实际应用持不确定态度。 B Do you often forget to drink water between classes? Try the new “Smart Cup”—a water bottle that talks to you! When it glows (发光) green, it means “Good job”. When it turns orange, it’s saying “Time to drink!” It even connects to your phone’s health app. This smart cup acts like a mini teacher. Take a photo of your lunch, and it checks if you need more vegetables or protein (蛋白质). Want to eat ice cream? The bottle might say, “Try yogurt first”. Every Monday, the app shows the intake you drink, like “8 L this week”. Drink enough water for 5 days, and you can get a funny cartoon sticker (贴纸) in the app. Chen Kai, a 7th grader from Shanghai, says, “I even get free cookies with enough stickers.” What’s cooler? It turns classmates into health partners. When someone’s cup turns orange, his classmates will say, “Drink up”. School nurse Dr. Chen says, “It’s like having a health teacher in your bag.” But Dr. Chen tells everyone, “Your cup can’t do sit-ups (仰卧起坐) for you! Play baseball or jog with friends every day.” Teen Health magazine found 70% of Smart Cup users eat more fruits. “It’s like a game!” says Chen Kai, shaking his glowing bottle. “Now I even finish all the carrots in my lunchbox!” 1．What does the smart cup remind (提示) us when the smart cup glows orange? A．You’ve done a good job. B．You should drink water. C．You can connect it to your phone. D．You are having a phone call. 2．What can the Smart Cup help you do? A．Doing sit-ups. B．Playing baseball. C．Checking your lunch. D．Jogging with friends. 3．What does the underlined word “intake” mean? A．摄入量 B．存储量 C．消耗量 D．剩余量 4．How does Chen Kai get free cookies? A．By eating all his carrots. B．By taking photos of his lunch. C．By connecting to his phone’s health app every day. D．By collecting stickers after 5 days of enough water. 5．What can we know from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．The Smart Cup is not designed for exercise. B．Technology should not replace personal effort. C．Sitting up is not related to drinking water. D．The cup has limitations in tracking exercise. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了一款智能水杯的各项功能、使用好处以及它在督促学生健康生活方面的作用。 【详解】1．第一段介绍智能水杯灯光提示功能：“When it turns orange, it’s saying ‘Time to drink!’”，说明智能水杯亮起橙色灯光时，是提醒人们该喝水了。 2．第二段说明智能水杯的功能：“Take a photo of your lunch, and it checks if you need more vegetables or protein.”，表明智能水杯可以帮助检查午餐饮食是否合理。 3．第二段展示APP的统计内容：“Every Monday, the app shows the intake you drink, like ‘8 L this week’”，结合后文喝水的容量数据，可判断intake表示“摄入量”。 4．第二段讲述陈凯获得免费饼干的方式：“Drink enough water for 5 days, and you can get a funny cartoon sticker in the app. I even get free cookies with enough stickers”，说明连续五天足量饮水收集贴纸后可以兑换免费饼干。 5．第三段引用陈医生的话：“Your cup can’t do sit-ups for you! Play baseball or jog with friends every day.”，说明智能水杯无法代替人的运动努力，科技不能取代个人付出。 C Future clothes won’t just be for wearing. They will do more things from sending information to giving directions （方向）. Some may even wash themselves! Clean themselves. You may say goodbye to the washing machine in the future. Scientists are studying a kind of special clothes. These clothes will be able to clean themselves in just a few minutes. You just need to put them under sunlight or a light. Be a screen. What can a bike rider do when he or she is lost? A coat made with electronic textiles （电子织物） may help. It can give light and work like a screen. Wear it and you can send information, check directions or read the news. Chinese scientists can make such textiles. The coats may not be far away. Power up. Your mobile phone is going to die? No worries. You can charge it with your coat! Scientists are trying to make clothes with solar panels inside. When people wear the clothes, the solar panels can get power （电力） from sunlight. They can save power and charge the phone later. 1．How can people make future clothes clean themselves? A．By wearing them at night. B．By putting them in the sun. C．By sending information to them. 2．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．The coats are close to bike riders. B．Bike riders can go far away in the coats. C．People will be able to wear the coats soon. 3．What does the underlined word “charge” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Pay money into. B．Supply power to it. C．Say bad words to. 4．What can people do with future clothes? ① send information ② wash machines ③ check directions ④ save power A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ 5．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Future clothes B．Future bikes C．Future mobile phones 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了未来服装的三种创新功能：自动清洁、充当电子屏幕、利用太阳能储存电力给手机充电，展现了未来服装多样化的实用用途。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段最后一句“You just need to put them under sunlight or a light.”可知，让未来衣服自我清洁的方法是将其置于阳光下。选项B“By putting them in the sun.”符合文意。 2．第三段划线句子“The coats may not be far away.”字面意思是“这种外套可能不远了”，结合前文提到中国科学家已经能制造这种电子织物，可知此处指这种衣服很快就能问世，人们很快就能穿上。选项C“People will be able to wear the coats soon.”符合句意。 3．根据第四段上下文“Your mobile phone is going to die? ... You can charge it with your coat! ... solar panels can get power ... charge the phone later.”可知，手机没电时可以用外套给它“charge”，且涉及太阳能板获取电力，因此这里的“charge”意为“充电”，即把电力输入手机。选项B“Supply power to it.”符合语境。 4．根据第一段“Sending information”（发送信息）可知①正确；根据第二段“You may say goodbye to the washing machine”可知衣服是自我清洁，而不是洗洗衣机，②错误；根据第一段“giving directions”和第三段“check directions”（查看方向）可知③正确；根据第四段“They can save power”（它们可以节省电力）可知④正确。综上，①③④正确。选项C符合。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了未来衣服的各种功能，如自我清洁、作为屏幕显示信息、为手机充电等。选项A“Future clothes”最能概括文章主题。选项B和C仅为文中提到的相关事物，非主旨。 四、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。 problem, wise, excited, effort, safe, healthy, quick, one, care, good, however Technology has changed our lives in many ways. In the past, people wrote letters to communicate with others. Now, with smartphones and computers, we can send messages 1 . This makes communication much faster than before. But technology is not always perfect. Sometimes, spending too much time online can be a 2 . It may affect our 3 and study. We need to use technology 4 . Last week, our school held a science fair. My friend Tom showed his invention—a small robot that can clean rooms. It was 5 invention in the whole fair! I also tried making something new. At 6 , I thought it was too hard, but after many 7 , I succeeded. In the future, technology will become even more important. Some scientists say that robots will do most of the work for humans. 8 , we must remember one thing: technology should help us, not control us. For example, in my city, there are already autonomous driving buses on the roads. They follow traffic rules carefully and offer enough 9 . However, they still cannot react like humans in emergencies. What do you think about technology? In my opinion, it depends on how we use it. Let’s try to be careful users and create a 10 future together. 【答案】 1．quickly 2．problem 3．health 4．wisely 5．the most exciting 6．first 7．efforts 8．However 9．safety 10．better 【导语】本文介绍科技改变生活，阐述科技利弊，结合校园科技展事例，探讨未来科技发展，呼吁人们合理运用科技。 【详解】1．句意：现在，有了智能手机和电脑，我们可以快速发送信息。该处需副词修饰send，在句中作状语；结合生活实际，“智能手机、电脑发信息”提示传递消息速度快，quick“快速的”符合语境，其副词形式为quickly。 2．句意：有时，花太多时间在线可能是一个问题。空前有冠词a，需填名词单数。上网时间过长带来负面影响” 提示这是一件麻烦事，problem“问题”，名词单数，符合语境。 3．句意：它可能影响我们的健康和学习。our后接名词，此处与study并列作affect的宾语。长时间上网会损害身体，影响健康与学习。healthy是形容词，需变为名词health“健康”。 4．句意：我们需要明智地使用科技。修饰动词use需要用副词。上文说科技有弊端，我们应当明智使用，wise“明智的”的副词形式wisely“明智地”，符合语境。 5．句意：它是整个博览会上最令人激动的发明！该处需用形容词最高级，在句中作定语。in the whole fair“整个展会范围”提示使用最高级。前文说举办科学展览，结合语境及备选词可知，此处表示这个发明的正向作用。excited“感到激动的”，表达人的主观感受。invention是物，应该用-ing结尾的形容词修饰，exciting“令人激动的”，最高级为the most exciting。 6．句意：起初，我觉得它太难了。该处需序数词，构成固定短语。前后形成对比，一开始觉得很难，后来成功；固定搭配at first（起初），应用one的序数词first。 7．句意：但是经过多次努力，我成功了。many后接可数名词复数；一开始觉得很难，后来成功了，应该是经过不断尝试之后最终成功；effort“努力”变为复数efforts，符合语境。 8．句意：然而，我们必须记住一件事。前后句为转折关系，空格位于句首且后有逗号，however符合，首字母大写。 9．句意：它们严格遵守交通规则，提供充分的安全保障。enough后接名词，自动驾驶公交车遵守交规，保障安全，safe是形容词，需变为名词safety“安全”。 10．句意：让我们成为谨慎的用户，共同创造一个更好的未来。该处需形容词在句中作定语。上下文呼吁合理运用科技，共同创造更美好的未来；语法要求暗含和当下对比，good比较级better，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Make it happen 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、科技发明 1. 发明，创造 ( 谁发明了电话？) 2. 发明（物） ( 这是一项伟大的发明。) 3. 发明者，发明家 ( 爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。) 4. 机器 ( 这台机器工作很快。) 5. 打印机 ( 我用打印机打印作业。) 6. 三维的，立体的 ( 我喜欢看3D电影。) 7. 下载 ( 你可以在网上下载这个故事。) 8. 信号 ( 这里没有手机信号。) 9. 探测器，检测器 ( 探测器可以发现危险物品。) 10. 检测出 ( 这台机器能够检测出微小的变化。) 11. 电 没有电我们没法很好生活。) 12. 闪电 ( 闪电可能非常危险。) 13. 避雷针 ( 避雷针保护建筑物安全。) 14. 人造的，人工的 ( 这是一朵人造花。) 二、人物品质与精神 1. 有创造力的 ( 我的姐姐很有创造力。) 2. 富有想象力的 ( 孩子通常很富有想象力。) 3. 好奇心 ( 好奇心帮助我们学习新事物。) 4. 天资，天赋，才能 ( 她有音乐天赋。) 5. 强烈地 ( 他热爱科学。) 6. 促使 ( 好奇心促使他不断尝试。) 7. 被……吸引 ( 很多孩子被科学吸引。) 三、行为动作 1. 解决 ( 你能帮我解决这个问题吗？) 2. 解决（问题） ( 爸爸修好（解决）了我坏掉的自行车。) 3. 改善，改进；变得更好 ( 如果你练习，你的英语就会进步。) 4. 试验，检验 ( 科学家试验他们的新想法。) 5. 失败 ( 就算失败一次也不要放弃。) 6. 允许，容许，准许 ( 妈妈允许我读科学书籍。) 7. 警告，告诫；提醒 ( ) 8. 借给，借出 ( 你可以把笔借给我吗？) 四、历史与发展 1. 成绩；成就 ( 获奖是一项很大的成就。) 2. 作用 ( 科学在我们生活中起重要作用。) 3. 进步，发展 ( 我们很高兴看到新技术的发展。) 4. 先驱，先锋，创始人 ( 他是计算机科学领域的先驱。) 5. 探索；探险；勘探；勘查 ( 太空探索非常激动人心。) 6. 一代（人） ( 这个故事一代一代传下去。) 7. 过去，曾经 ( 曾经有一位聪明的发明家。) 8. 以后的 ( 多年以后他成了著名的科学家。) 9. 在……期间 ( 他一生当中做了很多实验。) 五、材料与计量 1. 一块（指木头、石头等有直边的硬物） ( 他用了一大块木头。) 2. 钩状物 ( 把你的外套挂在挂钩上。) 3. 胶，胶水 ( 我需要一点胶水粘纸。) 4. 物体 ( 你能看见地上那个小东西吗？) 5. 重，重量是…… ( 这个箱子重两千克。) 6. 千克，公斤 ( 这个苹果一公斤重。) 7. 价格为，需支付（某一数量的钱） ( 这台新打印机500元。) 六、状态、感受与交际用语 1. 状况，状态；条件 ( 这台旧机器状态很好。) 2. 使忧虑，使苦恼 ( 这道难题让我很苦恼。) 3. 盲的，失明的 ( 这位盲人需要我们的帮助。) 4. 祝贺的话 ( 祝贺你做出这么棒的发明！) 5. 日常的；平常的；每天的 ( 科学存在于我们日常生活的各个地方。) 短 语 一、动词短语 1. 与某人握手 ( ) 我们见面时互相握手。 2. 帮助某人 ) 我们应该帮助有需要的人。 3. 快速阅读，浏览( ) 我每天早上浏览报纸。 4. 赚钱( ) 他努力工作为家人赚钱。 5. 失去生命( ) 很多人在事故中失去了生命。 6. 偶然获得成功( ) 这位年轻科学家偶然获得了成功。 7. 被……吸引 ( ) 孩子们被有趣的科学故事吸引。 8. 对……感到好奇( ) 所有孩子都对大自然感到好奇。 9. 对……有强烈的好奇心( ) 她对太空有着强烈的好奇心。 10. 推动/驱使某人朝向某目标发展( ) 梦想推动他朝着自己的目标前进。 二、固定句型（带to‑do / doing经典句式） 1. 能够做某事 ( .) 她能够流利地说英语。 2. 喜欢做某事( 我喜欢在空闲时间看书。 3. 花费……做某事( 我每天花费两小时做作业。 4. 保护某物免受……( ) 我们应该保护环境免受污染。 5. 天生没有…… ( ) 这个小男孩天生没有听力。 三、其他短语 1.  一直；始终 ( ) 这台机器一直运转。 2.  一个接一个地 ( ) 好主意一个接一个地出现。 3.  更糟的是 ( ) 更糟的是，开始下雨了。 4. 用……（材料制作） ( ) 这个盒子是用木头制作的。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、记叙描写类 1. 伊斯顿·拉沙佩勒，一名14岁的学生，在科学展上站在自己的作品旁。 2. 他用塑料块和鱼线制作了它。 3. 这个女孩天生没有胳膊。 4. 它能够随着使用者的大脑信号移动。 5. 最终他在23岁时偶然获得了成功。 6. 但遗憾的是，他在测试自己的发明时失去了生命。 二、逻辑衔接类 1. 更糟的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，一直需要新的假肢。 2. 尽管他的好奇心没有带来成功，但他的想法给了后代继续探索太空的勇气。 三、观点表达类 1. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾说：“我没有特殊的天赋，我只是极度好奇。” 2. 历史上许多伟大的发明都是人们好奇心的产物。 3. 好奇心就像一把钥匙，为我们打开学习和探索的新大门。 4. . 当我们保持好奇、提出问题时，我们总能探索更多，发现世界上奇妙的事物。 四、行为意愿类 1. 我必须帮助像她这样的人。 2. 他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。 3. 他不想靠这个发明赚钱。 五、影响作用类 1. 这份强烈的好奇心驱使他花费数年时间研究天地。 2. . 这些成就对科学的发展起到了重要作用。 3. 他被电所吸引，对电的本质有着强烈的好奇心。 4. 这项发明保护建筑物免受雷击。 语法 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 写作 介绍发明创造 一、知识点精讲 考点1 out of的用法 意为“用……（材料制成）”，表示某物由特定的材料构成或组装而成。 【例句】 He built a model plane out of cardboard. 他用纸板做了一个飞机模型。 【拓展】： ▲意为“从……里面出来”。 【例句】 The cat jumped out of the box.猫从盒子里跳了出来。 ▲意为“缺乏；用完”。 【例句】 We’re out of milk.我们的牛奶喝完了。 ▲意为“出于……（原因/动机）”。 【例句】 She did it out of kindness.她这么做是出于善意。 考点2 shake hands with sb的用法 固定短语，意为“与某人握手”，属于肢体语言，用于描述两人互相握手的社交动作，常见于正式或友好的场合。 【例句】 They shook hands with the president after the ceremony.仪式后，他们与总统握手。 考点3 blow sb away的用法 1、意为“使某人大为惊讶”，强调某事物或行为让人产生强烈的情感冲击。 【例句】 The new technology is blowing scientists away.这项新技术正让科学家们惊叹连连。 考点4 lend a hand to sb的用法 常用短语，意为“帮助某人”，强调在某人需要时提供实际上的帮助，比如搬东西、做家务等。【例句】 She always lends a hand when her neighbours are in trouble.邻居有困难时，她总会伸出援手。 考点5 be able to的用法 意为“能够，会，胜任”，表示某种能力。be able to 相当于 can，但是两者存在区别。be able to 多指一个人经过后天的努力而获取的一种“能力”，有各种时态及人称的变化；can 是情态动词，意为“能，会”，无人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。 【例句】 Birds can fly.鸟会飞。 After training, he was able to swim across the lake.经过训练后，他成功地游过了湖。 考点6 with（借助，通过；用）的用法 通常指依赖某种具体的技术、工具或媒介来完成动作。 【例句】 She draws pictures with a digital pen.她用电子笔画画。 考点7 one after another的用法 表示“一个接一个地；接连不断地”，强调动作或事件的连续性、不间断性。 【例句】 She finished all the tasks one after another without taking a break.她一口气完成了所有任务，中间都没休息。 考点8 hit on success的用法 意为“偶然获得成功”或“意外找到成功的方法”，强调成功带有一定的偶然性、突发性，而非经过长期计划。 【例句】 The robot team hit on success in the competition.机器人队在比赛中成功了。 考点9 be drawn to的用法 表示“被……吸引”，强调一种不由自主的、强烈的吸引力，常用于对人或事物的天然好感或兴趣。其后接名词、代词或动名词。 【例句】 She was drawn to his kindness.她被他的善良吸引。 Many artists are drawn to painting nature.许多艺术家钟情于描绘自然。 考点10 have a curiosity about的用法 表示“对……有好奇心”，强调一种主动的、持续的兴趣，后面可接名词、代词或动名词，与 be curious about 意思相近。 【例句】 Children have a natural curiosity about how things work.孩子们对事物的运作方式有天生的好奇心。 考点11 protect…from的用法 意为“保护……免受……”，基本结构是“protect＋宾语＋from＋名词/动名词”。 【例句】 This app protects your photos from being stolen.这款应用软件保护你的照片不被盗用。 考点12 spend…(in) doing sth的用法 spend 表示“花费(时间/金钱)”，基本结构：Sb spend＋时间/金钱＋on sth/(in) doing sth“某人花费时间、金钱在某事上/做某事”。 【例句】 She spends half an hour on homework daily.她每天花半个小时做作业。 He spent $500 (in) buying books.他花了500美元买书。 考点13 look through的用法 意为“快速阅读，浏览”，是“动词＋副词”短语，后接宾语时，宾语可为名词或代词；宾语为代词时，只能放在 look 和 through 的中间。 【例句】 Please look through these documents before the meeting.请在开会前快速阅读这些文件。 二、核心语法精讲 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 当一句话里需要两个动词连用，不能直接把两个动词放一起，就要用to‑do（动词不定式）或者doing（动名词）作宾语。 一、动词 + to do（不定式）作宾语 ✅ 含义：表示想要、计划、决定、主动提出要去做某事（事情大多还没做） ✅ 结构：主语 + 动词 + to do + 其他 ✅ 常接to‑do的动词： want（想要），hope（希望），plan（计划），decide（决定），offer（主动提出），learn（学习） ✅ 例句： 1. I wanted to see the Beijing opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there. 我想看京剧，所以李玲就提出带我去看。 2. We only planned to watch for an hour. 我们原先只打算看一个小时。 3. I hope to understand more next time. 我希望下次懂得多一些。 注意：不定式to + 动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子谓语。 二、动词 + doing（动名词）作宾语 ✅ 含义：表示喜欢、坚持、练习、完成、介意、避免做某事 ✅ 结构：主语 + 动词 + doing + 其他 ✅ 常接doing的动词： enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习），finish（完成），avoid（避免），keep（坚持，一直），mind（介意） ✅ 例句： 1. She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world. 她喜欢了解世界各地不同的文化和传统。 2. He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. 他每天练习两个小时吉他。 口诀：喜欢练习完成，避免坚持介意 → enjoy, practise, finish, avoid, keep, mind 三、同一动词，接to‑do和doing含义不同（高频考点） 1. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已经做完） I remember seeing her. 我记得见过她。 2. remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事（事情还没有做，需要去做） You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 出门之前一定要记得锁门。 【拓展】forget doing 忘记做过；forget to do 忘记要去做 四、简单判断技巧 1. 表示将来、打算要做 → 大多用 to do 2. 表示爱好、习惯、已经做过 → 大多用 doing 3. 特殊动词单独记：remember/forget，看事情做没做过再选形式 三、单元写作清单 1、话题分析 本单元写作核心聚焦敢想敢做、积极实践、克服困难、实现目标的成长主题，旨在引导学生表达“想法需要行动支撑”的人生态度。考试常考三大题型：个人成长叙事、观点感悟作文、生活创意分享。写作整体语言朴实积极，叙事多用一般过去时，发表观点多用一般现在时，重点考查学生运用递进、转折、结果类连接词，结合自身经历表达感悟的能力。 2、写作框架 题型一：观点感悟类 开头：直接点明主旨——美好的想法和梦想，只有付出行动才能实现。 中间：简单讲道理+举例，说明遇到困难不退缩、坚持努力的重要性。 结尾：升华主题，表态自己今后会勇敢尝试、踏实行动。 题型二：个人经历叙事类 开头：引出自己曾经想要完成的一件小目标或想改变的缺点。 中间：详细写遇到的阻碍、自己具体的做法、日复一日的坚持与付出。 结尾：写出最终收获，明白“行动与坚持才能成就自己”的道理。 题型三：创意生活分享类 开头：从日常生活不便之处出发，引出自己的小想法、小创意。 中间：介绍创意的用途、优点，能给学习生活带来哪些帮助。 结尾：表达感悟：生活处处有创意，敢于尝试就能让想法成真。 3、写作素材 【核心单词】 effort 努力；action 行动；brave 勇敢的；try 尝试；fail 失败；learn 收获；improve 提升；create 创造；dream 梦想；goal 目标；progress 进步；possible 可能的 【高分短语】 take every chance to try 抓住机会尝试 face problems bravely 勇敢面对问题 keep moving on 继续前行 learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 turn dreams into reality 将梦想变为现实 small steps make big progress 点滴努力成就进步 【开头句】 1. Ideas are easy to have, but success belongs to people who take action. 想法人人都有，但成功属于付诸行动的人。 2. No dream can come true without hard work and continuous effort. 没有努力与坚持，就没有实现的梦想。 【中间过渡句】 1. Although I met many difficulties, I never chose to give up. 虽然遇到很多困难，但我从未选择放弃。 2. Every small try helps me grow and become stronger. 每一次小小的尝试，都让我成长、变强。 【结尾升华句】 1. As long as we keep trying, our hard work will finally pay off. 只要坚持尝试，努力终会有回报。 2. Make every idea happen with courage and persistence. 用勇气和坚持，让每一个想法落地成真。 4、范文背诵 范文1 观点感悟类 Make Our Ideas Happen Everyone has different ideas and dreams in life, but only a few people can make them come true. The biggest difference lies in action and persistence. It is normal to meet difficulties and failures on the way to success. Some people give up easily, while brave people learn from their mistakes and keep trying. No great progress comes in a short time. It needs long-term effort and patience. As middle school students, we should not only have dreams, but also take real action. If we stick to our goals bravely, we can finally make everything happen. 范文2 个人成长叙事类 Action Brings Changes Last year, I was poor at my spoken English and was afraid to speak in class. I decided to change this situation. I made a small daily plan. I read English sentences every morning and practiced speaking in front of the mirror every night. When I made mistakes, I corrected them carefully instead of feeling upset. The process was tiring and slow. After half a year, I could speak English more fluently and confidently. I truly realize that no change comes easily. Only continuous action can help us improve and make our goals happen. 范文3 创意分享类 My Small Idea for Better Life In our daily study, we often waste time looking for stationery and books. So I come up with a useful idea. I hope to design a tidy study box for students. It has different layers for pens, notebooks and small cards. It is light, cheap and easy to carry. It can help us keep our school things organized and save much study time. Good ideas are everywhere in life. If we observe carefully and try to practice, we can make our small ideas happen and bring convenience to our daily life. 易错点01 spend, take, pay与cost辨析 【错因辨析】 四个词中文都可以译作“花费”，但主语身份、搭配介词、后接内容都有严格区别，是单选、完形高频错题： 1. spend：主语必须是人。 两个固定搭配： ✅sb. spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + on sth.（on后面接名词/代词，某样东西） ✅sb. spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.（in可以省略，后面接动名词，做某事） 2. take：初中常考it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的to‑do不定式，一般只用来指花费时间。 固定句型：✅It takes sb. + 一段时间 + to do sth. 注意：it不能换成具体的人或物。 3. pay：主语必须是人，语义侧重“支付、掏钱”，只和金钱搭配。 固定搭配：✅sb. pay(s) + 钱 + for sth.（for后面接购买的物品） 4. cost：主语必须是事物、物品，不能是人，意思是“某物耗费某人多少钱”。 固定句型：✅sth. cost(s) sb. + 金钱 ⚠️常见坑： ❌I cost 50 yuan for the pen.（主语是人，不能用cost） ❌It spends me an hour to run.（形式主语it不能用spend） ❌She paid two hours on her homework.（pay只能花钱，不能花时间） 【助记口诀】 人spend，人pay；物cost，it来take。 on加物，in加动，for后面跟商品。 【对点训练】单项选择 1. I ____ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost 2. It ____ me 20 minutes to get to the shop. A. costs B. pays C. takes D. spends 3. The nice bag ____ her 120 yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 4. My mum ____ 80 yuan for this sweater yesterday. A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost 5. Lily often ____ one hour ____ her math exercises. A. spends; doing B. takes; to do C. pays; for D. costs; on 易错点02 everyday 与 every day辨析 【错因辨析】 两个词组只差一个空格，很多同学凭中文意思乱填，忽略词性和句子成分： 1. everyday（连写，一个单词）：形容词，含义：日常的、普通的、每天的。 ✅语法功能：只能放在名词前面作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 ✅例句：everyday life 日常生活；everyday English 日常英语 ❌不能放句首、句末当“每天”用：I go to school everyday.（错误） 2. every day（分开写，两个单词）：副词短语，含义：每天，天天，= each day。 ✅语法功能：作时间状语，放在句子开头或者句子末尾，说明动作发生的频率。 ✅例句：I go to school every day. 我每天去上学。 ❌不能放在名词前面修饰名词：every day life（错误） ⚠️简单判断技巧： 把位置空出来，翻译成“的”通顺→用everyday（形容词）； 翻译成“（时间）”通顺，表动作多久一次→用every day（副词短语）。 ⚠️易混拓展：everyone（每人，代词） vs every one（每一个，短语）也是一样“连写是词，分开是短语”的规律，可以一起记忆。 【助记口诀】 连写everyday是“日常的”，名词前面来站岗； 分开every day是“每天”，句首句末作状语放。 【对点训练】 用everyday / every day填空 1. Doing sports is part of my ________ life. 2. I walk my dog ________ after dinner. 3. These are some simple ________ English words. 4. My grandpa drinks tea ________. 5. We should care for the small ________ things in our life. 一、完形填空 Some old Chinese inventions have won wide popularity around the world. Recently, a British woman learned about an 1 Chinese invention which has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings (人类非物质文化遗产) since 2013. She used it to help her son 2 a math problem. Dr. Mantri grew up in India. She was taught how to use an abacus to solve math problems when she was young. After 3 that her son Dhruv had great difficulty with math, she started using the same ancient Chinese tool to help him after school. “My son was in Grade 5 when I found he was 4 in math” said Dr. Mantri, “I would ask him something very easy like ‘35-13=? ’, but he couldn’t work it out.” “I never thought I would teach him to use such an old tool 5 I realized I could try the Chinese abacus. It is a useful 6 to help kids better understand numbers and basic calculations. Very 7 I saw the results. After six days, Dhruv started to make progress 8 with the help of the abacus. He even performed with the abacus at a school meeting where some parents came to 9 for advice on using it to help their kids. Known as the fifth invention of ancient China, Chinese abacus is also 10 of as the earliest computer. It helped people solve many math problems in ancient China. As long as you remember the rules, you can easily use it. Sometimes, just move one bead (算珠), then another bead, and you will get the answer. What a magic tool! 1．A．educational B．honest C．ancient D．interesting 2．A．deal with B．work as C．agree on D．throw away 3．A．watching B．providing C．informing D．noticing 4．A．creative B．weak C．talented D．successful 5．A．after B．when C．until D．since 6．A．sign B．report C．method D．field 7．A．long B．soon C．late D．early 8．A．politely B．loudly C．bravely D．rapidly 9．A．care B．leave C．ask D．pay 10．A．cost B．caught C．covered D．thought 二、补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整 (选项中有两项是多余的) 。 A: Tom, I called you last night, but there was no reply. 1 B: Sorry, Kate! I was trying out my new invention in my small lab. A: Your new invention? 2 B: It’s a robot that can help to find missing people in an earthquake. A: Sounds great. 3 B: For nearly one year. I have done much work and I’m almost going to succeed. A: 4 Have you ever wanted to give up? B: Yes, I have. But I might be able to save more people. That’s why I decided to go on working. A: 5 May you succeed. B: Thanks a lot. A．What is it? B．Where is your small lab? C．You are so brave and confident. D．What were you doing at that time? E．How long have you been doing that? F．It’s impossible for us to invent new things. G．It sounds difficult to create something new. 三、阅读理解 A Researchers from Peking University created a new tool called ThermoFace. Different from older ways to look at one’s body temperature, it looks at different parts of the face to check people’s age and health. ▲ The face has many blood vessels (血管). With their help, ThermoFace can find “hot” and “cool” areas in the face that change with age and illness. For example, as people become older, the temperature of their nose goes down faster than other parts of their face. If someone’s nose is warmer, it means he has a younger age. However, the area around the eyes usually gets hotter as people get older. The researchers also find that people with high blood pressure (血压) have warmer cheeks. With ThermoFace, doctors can notice people’s illness earlier. They can do more tests and give advice. Can ThermoFace work perfectly? Will ThermoFace work the same for everyone? We still don’t know. Other factors, like exercise and eating ice cream, can change the temperature of your face. The tool can’t tell us why something happened, but it can show doctors that there might be a problem. ThermoFace is helpful for research, but we still need to find out if it can be used in real life to help doctors. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can ThermoFace mainly do? A．It can tell someone’s name. B．It can check someone’s health. C．It can change someone’s face. D．It can take someone’s temperature. 2．Which of the following can be put in “▲”? A．How does ThermoFace work? B．Why can ThermoFace show age? C．Where does the idea come from? D．When does the temperature get higher? 3．Which is probably the result of the research?（—: area of eyes; ┄: area of the nose） A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “factors” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Secrets. B．Problems. C．Reasons. D．Uses. 5．What does the writer think of ThermoFace in real-life use? A．Difficult. B．Helpful. C．Successful. D．Unsure. B Do you often forget to drink water between classes? Try the new “Smart Cup”—a water bottle that talks to you! When it glows (发光) green, it means “Good job”. When it turns orange, it’s saying “Time to drink!” It even connects to your phone’s health app. This smart cup acts like a mini teacher. Take a photo of your lunch, and it checks if you need more vegetables or protein (蛋白质). Want to eat ice cream? The bottle might say, “Try yogurt first”. Every Monday, the app shows the intake you drink, like “8 L this week”. Drink enough water for 5 days, and you can get a funny cartoon sticker (贴纸) in the app. Chen Kai, a 7th grader from Shanghai, says, “I even get free cookies with enough stickers.” What’s cooler? It turns classmates into health partners. When someone’s cup turns orange, his classmates will say, “Drink up”. School nurse Dr. Chen says, “It’s like having a health teacher in your bag.” But Dr. Chen tells everyone, “Your cup can’t do sit-ups (仰卧起坐) for you! Play baseball or jog with friends every day.” Teen Health magazine found 70% of Smart Cup users eat more fruits. “It’s like a game!” says Chen Kai, shaking his glowing bottle. “Now I even finish all the carrots in my lunchbox!” 1．What does the smart cup remind (提示) us when the smart cup glows orange? A．You’ve done a good job. B．You should drink water. C．You can connect it to your phone. D．You are having a phone call. 2．What can the Smart Cup help you do? A．Doing sit-ups. B．Playing baseball. C．Checking your lunch. D．Jogging with friends. 3．What does the underlined word “intake” mean? A．摄入量 B．存储量 C．消耗量 D．剩余量 4．How does Chen Kai get free cookies? A．By eating all his carrots. B．By taking photos of his lunch. C．By connecting to his phone’s health app every day. D．By collecting stickers after 5 days of enough water. 5．What can we know from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．The Smart Cup is not designed for exercise. B．Technology should not replace personal effort. C．Sitting up is not related to drinking water. D．The cup has limitations in tracking exercise. C Future clothes won’t just be for wearing. They will do more things from sending information to giving directions （方向）. Some may even wash themselves! Clean themselves. You may say goodbye to the washing machine in the future. Scientists are studying a kind of special clothes. These clothes will be able to clean themselves in just a few minutes. You just need to put them under sunlight or a light. Be a screen. What can a bike rider do when he or she is lost? A coat made with electronic textiles （电子织物） may help. It can give light and work like a screen. Wear it and you can send information, check directions or read the news. Chinese scientists can make such textiles. The coats may not be far away. Power up. Your mobile phone is going to die? No worries. You can charge it with your coat! Scientists are trying to make clothes with solar panels inside. When people wear the clothes, the solar panels can get power （电力） from sunlight. They can save power and charge the phone later. 1．How can people make future clothes clean themselves? A．By wearing them at night. B．By putting them in the sun. C．By sending information to them. 2．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．The coats are close to bike riders. B．Bike riders can go far away in the coats. C．People will be able to wear the coats soon. 3．What does the underlined word “charge” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Pay money into. B．Supply power to it. C．Say bad words to. 4．What can people do with future clothes? ① send information ② wash machines ③ check directions ④ save power A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ 5．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Future clothes B．Future bikes C．Future mobile phones 四、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。 problem, wise, excited, effort, safe, healthy, quick, one, care, good, however Technology has changed our lives in many ways. In the past, people wrote letters to communicate with others. Now, with smartphones and computers, we can send messages 1 . This makes communication much faster than before. But technology is not always perfect. Sometimes, spending too much time online can be a 2 . It may affect our 3 and study. We need to use technology 4 . Last week, our school held a science fair. My friend Tom showed his invention—a small robot that can clean rooms. It was 5 invention in the whole fair! I also tried making something new. At 6 , I thought it was too hard, but after many 7 , I succeeded. In the future, technology will become even more important. Some scientists say that robots will do most of the work for humans. 8 , we must remember one thing: technology should help us, not control us. For example, in my city, there are already autonomous driving buses on the roads. They follow traffic rules carefully and offer enough 9 . However, they still cannot react like humans in emergencies. What do you think about technology? In my opinion, it depends on how we use it. Let’s try to be careful users and create a 10 future together. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $