语法清单06 初高中衔接语法复习知识清单（非谓语动词）-2026年初升高英语衔接暑假提升练测（译林版，江苏专用）

语法清单06 初高中衔接语法复习清单(非谓语动词) 01 重点速记—语法清单(非谓语动词) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 语法清单 考点 初中阶段 高中阶段 非谓语动词 要求学生简单掌握动词不定式、动名词和分词的基本用法。 非谓语动词是重点和难点。除了上述用法，还要重点掌握现在分词、过去分词和动名词作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法，动名词和动词不定式作主语和宾语的用法，还有独立主格结构等。 知识点一 动词不定式 动词不定式有带to和省略to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。 1.作主语 To master a foreign language is not an easy job. / It is not an easy job to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语不容易。 注意：不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。在这种情况下，通常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在句末以保持句子平衡， 2.作表语 His wish is to be a doctor. 他的愿望就是当一名医生。 3.作宾语 They agreed to discuss at once. 他们同意立刻讨论。 4.作定语 (1)不定式与其所修饰的名词是主动关系。 He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。 (2)不定式与其所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He needs a lot of books to read. 他需要阅读大量的书。 She has a lot of books to read in the morning. 早上她有很多书要读。 5.作宾语补足语 She doesn't allow me to use her computer. 她不允许我用她的电脑。 6.作状语 (1)不定式作状语放在句首时，其逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。 To drew maps properly, you need a special pen. 要正确地画地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，通常指没有预释到的或事与愿违的结果，通常与only/never连用。 He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 他匆忙赶到那所房子，却发现里面是空的。 (3)不定式作结果状语时，常用于以下句型： ①so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此……以至于…… ② such+名词+as to do 如此……以至于…… ③形容词/副词+enough to do 足够……能做…… ④ too+形容词/副词+ to do 太……而不能…… 知识点二 动名词 1.作主语 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2.作表语 The nurse's job is looking atter the patients. 护士的工作就是照顾病人。 3.作宾语 (1)初中课本中有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但意义截然不同。如： try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 stop to do sth. 停下(某事)去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(某事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘了做过的事(某事已做过) remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(某事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(某事已做过) go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 (2)need, require意为“需要”时，后接动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动含义，相当于to be done。 The radio requires repairing/to be repaired. 收音机需要修理了。 The patient needs operating on/to be operated on at once. 需要立即给病人动手术。 知识点三 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。 1.作定语 现在分词一般式作定语，表示“主动，进行”的动作；现在分词被动式作定语，表示“被动、进行”的动作；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”的动作。 The ceremony being held outdoors now is great. (表被动、进行)正在户外举行的仪式很壮观。 2.作表语 现在分词作表语和过去分词作表语基本都是已经形容词化的v.-ing形式或v-ed形式。现在分词通常表示主语主动发出的动作或说明主语具有何种性质，意为“使人……的，令人……的”；过去分词作表语通常表示主语是动作的承受者，意为“感到……的”。 The snake is so frightening that I am very frightened. 那条蛇如此吓人以至于我感到很害怕。 3.作宾语补足语 (1)用在“感官动词(see, watch, hear, feel)+宾语+分词”结构中。 感官动词+宾语+ doing(宾语补足语表示主动、进行的动作) being done(宾语补足语表示被动,进行的动作) done(宾语补足语表示被动、完成的动作) When she looked up, she saw him being chased by the policemen. 当她抬头时,她看见他正被很多警察追赶。 We all heard him scolded by the boss. 我们都听见他被老板训斥了一通。 (2)用在“get/have+宾语+过去分词”结构中，表示“使/让某事由某人做”，或“使……遭受……” She decided to have the room painted again. 她决定请人把这个房间重新粉刷一遍。 (3)用在“have/get/leave/send+宾语+现在分词”结构中，表示“让/使.….一直做……” He had/left the light burning. 他让灯一直亮着。 4.作状语 (1)表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式等。 Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语,表主动)努力工作，你会成功的。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. (条件状语，表被动)团结则存，分裂则亡。 Much discouraged, she moved on to London. (原因状语,表状态)她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。 (2)分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或使用状语从句。 因为他是个孤儿，护士对他很和善。 Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (×) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (√) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (√) 一. 单项选择 1. I want to buy a pumpkin ________ a pumpkin pie for Thanksgiving dinner. A. to do B. do C. to make D. make 2. —We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A. what to use B. what can I use C. how can I use D. how to use 3. The lecture (讲座) is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late. A. attend; not be B. to attend; to be C. attending; not to be 4. —Would you like to go shopping with us? —No, I prefer staying at home to ________ out on rainy days. A. going B. went C. gone D. goes 5. China’s badminton team ________ the 2026 Thomas Cup on May 4th, ________ France 3-1 in the final. A. wins; beats B. won; beating C. will win; to beat 6. —How beautiful these artworks are! —________ by young artists, they show the beauty of traditional Chinese culture. A. Created B. Creating C. To create D. Create 同义句转换 1. He hasn’t decided when he will start the project. He hasn’t decided ________ ________ start the project. 2. Thank you for helping me. (同义句转换) Thank you for ________ ________. 一、单项选择 1. ________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smartwatch. A. Make B. Making C. To make D. Made 2. We are told ________ in the river again and again. It’s dangerous. A. not swim B. to not swim C. don’t swim D. not to swim 3. As teenagers, we’re old enough ________ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped D. helps 4. The boy found ________ hard to get along with the other classmates. A. this B. that C. it D. one 5. It is important for us ________ the listening ability. A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improves 6. Our teacher often advises us ________ more books in our spare time. A. read B. reading C. to read 7. In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival. A. celebrate B. celebrating C. celebrated D. to celebrate 8. My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A. not play B. to not play C. doesn’t play D. not to play 9. To improve his speaking skills, Wang Ming ________ English every day. A. practice speaking B. practice to speak C. practices speaking D. practices to speak 10 —Would you mind me ________ the window? It’s a bit hot here. —Not at all. A. open B. opened C. opening D. to open 11. Looking back at the school clean-up day, we never regret ________ a Saturday morning helping our teachers. A. to spend B. spending C. spent 12. Tom is a clever boy. He prefers ________ to ________. A. do; talk B. to do; talk C. does; talks D. doing; talking 13. ________ for ________ care of my baby! A. Thank; take B. Thanks; take C. Thank; taking D. Thanks; taking 14. — Helen enjoys________ storybooks. — Me, too. A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads 15. When the dancers stopped ________ at us, we all couldn’t stop ________ excitedly. A. smiling; to shout B. to smile, shouting C. to smile, to shout 16. These books are worth ________. We should read books for an hour every day. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 17. —Look! There ________ so many teenagers ________ photos in the park. —Yes. They are all excited about the spring outing. A. are; taking B. is; taking C. are; take D. is; take 18. —I found Mary ________ a red blouse this morning. —But I think she looks better in yellow. A. dressing B. putting on C. wearing 19. She saw him ________ a picture in the classroom just now. A. draw B. draws C. drew D. drawing 20. The hen ________ on the dried grass can ________ 371 eggs a year. A. laying; lay B. lying; lay C. lying; lie 21. —How will you deal with our old bike,dear? —Well, I’ll have it _________and we don’t need to buy a new one. A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair 22. —You’d better have your jacket ________. It’s too dirty. —Thanks. I will. A. to wash B. washed C. washing 23. Products _________ in China _________ in all parts of the world. A. are made, are used B. are made, used C. made, are used 24. The mobile phone ________ by Martin Cooper in 1973 has changed our lives greatly. A. invents B. invented C. inventing D. was invented 二、单句语法填空 1. My mother asked me not to ________(watch) TV too much. It’s bad for my eyes. 2. He was seen ________(steal) something from the shop. 3. You’d better manage ________(finish) the task within this week. 4. Many students find it hard ________(keep) a balance between study and entertainment. 5. He could not decide what _______(do) next. 6. The Palace Museum is really a good place ________(have) fun. 7. The OBIS doctor is training the local doctors how _________(deal) with the blindness. 8. Mary studied hard only _________(fail) in the exam. 9. He did all he could ________(find) the truth. 10. He helped his parents ________(lay) out the bowls and plates. 11. Many young people are interested in ________(create) works with AI technology. 12. I look forward to ________(hear) from you soon. Please write back and tell me your news. 13. Be confident of ________(pass) the exam. 14. We have nothing against ________(run) in the morning. It’s good for our health. 15. I enjoy ________(climb) mountains on weekends because it makes me relaxed. 16. Tom wants to read in the library instead of ________(play) soccer with his friends. 17. The boy is used to _________(read) comic books now. 18. He won’t give up ________(smoke). Don’t mention it. 19. I think children shouldn’t spend too much time ________(play) computer games. 20. After school he always goes out to play instead of ________(stay) at home. 21. I’m sorry to keep you ________(wait) for me so long. 22. When I passed by the park, I saw many people ________(lie) on the grassland to enjoy the sunshine. 23. The bus driver found an old man ________(lie) on the roadside. 24. ________(watch) herself in the mirror, she thought she was the prettiest lady in the world. 25. The firemen worked hard to stop the fire ________(扩散) to other buildings. 26. _________(compare) with them, Amy focuses on art and longs for a higher social position. 27. Your car makes an unusual noise. You’d better have it ________(check) at once. 28. I will have my washing machine ________(repair) this weekend. 29. Breathing ________(pollute) air for a long time can be harmful to our health. 30. The summer camp I attended last year is the most exciting one ________(hold) by my future senior high school. 三、完成句子 1. 我决定在课上做一些笔记。 I decided to ________ some ________ in class. 2. 我们应该尽力避免犯这么愚蠢的错误。 We should try to _______ ________ such a foolish mistake. 3. 和父母恰当地交流是非常必要的。 It is very necessary to ________ with our parents properly. 4. 团队合作能帮助我们很快解决难题。 Teamwork can help us ________ ________ difficult problems quickly. 5. 人们必须学会与自然和谐相处。 People must learn to ________ ________with nature peacefully. 6. 看英文电影对你学习英语有好处。 ________ English movies ________ helpful to your English study. 7. 你需要在完成作文后仔细检查，找出拼写错误。 You ________ to check carefully for ________ mistakes after writing the composition. 8. 我认为这本书值得一读。 I think the book is _______ ________. 9. 养成每天早读的习惯对你的英语学习有好处。   ________ the habit of reading aloud every morning is good for your English study. 10. 我每个周末都去练习游泳。 I go to ________ every weekend. 11. 下一站，勤俭道站。下车请留意脚下安全。 The next station is Qinjian Road. Please mind your step when ________ ________. 12. 李明独自留在教室里，整理着散落的试卷。 Li Ming stayed alone in the classroom, ________ the scattered test papers. 13. 相比之下，我们收到了更多的照片。 ________ ________ others, we received many more photos. 14. I don't know what I should say. (改为简单句) I don't know what ________ ________. 15. The instruction manual shows us how we should operate the machine. (改为简单句) The instruction manual shows us how ________ ________ the machine. 16. Can you tell me where I can park my car around here?(改为简单句) Can you tell me ________ ________ park my car around here? 17. The tourist wondered where he could exchange the money easily. (改成简单句) The tourist wondered ________ ________ exchange the money easily. 18. Rex decided that he would book a table in the new restaurant in advance.(改为简单句) Rex decided ________ ________ a table in the new restaurant in advance. 19. With two invitations in hand, she wondered which one she should accept. (改为简单句) With two invitations in hand, she wondered which one _________ _________. 20. “Don’t look at the cameras, Roddy,” said the director. (改为间接引语) The director told Roddy ________ ________ look at the cameras. 21. The girl had no idea how she could operate the new washing machine. (改为简单句) The girl had no idea ________ ________ operate the new washing machine. 22. The students want to know where they can find more resources for their project. (改为简单句) The students want to know ________ ________ find more resources for their project. 23. This program aims to teach students how they can stay safe online. (改为简单句) This program aims to teach students ________ ________ stay safe online. 24. To keep healthy is very important. (改为同义句) _________ very _________ to keep healthy. ( 8 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法清单06 初高中衔接语法复习清单(非谓语动词) 01 重点速记—语法清单(非谓语动词) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 语法清单 考点 初中阶段 高中阶段 非谓语动词 要求学生简单掌握动词不定式、动名词和分词的基本用法。 非谓语动词是重点和难点。除了上述用法，还要重点掌握现在分词、过去分词和动名词作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法，动名词和动词不定式作主语和宾语的用法，还有独立主格结构等。 知识点一 动词不定式 动词不定式有带to和省略to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。 1.作主语 To master a foreign language is not an easy job. / It is not an easy job to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语不容易。 注意：不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。在这种情况下，通常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在句末以保持句子平衡， 2.作表语 His wish is to be a doctor. 他的愿望就是当一名医生。 3.作宾语 They agreed to discuss at once. 他们同意立刻讨论。 4.作定语 (1)不定式与其所修饰的名词是主动关系。 He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。 (2)不定式与其所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He needs a lot of books to read. 他需要阅读大量的书。 She has a lot of books to read in the morning. 早上她有很多书要读。 5.作宾语补足语 She doesn't allow me to use her computer. 她不允许我用她的电脑。 6.作状语 (1)不定式作状语放在句首时，其逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。 To drew maps properly, you need a special pen. 要正确地画地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，通常指没有预释到的或事与愿违的结果，通常与only/never连用。 He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 他匆忙赶到那所房子，却发现里面是空的。 (3)不定式作结果状语时，常用于以下句型： ①so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此……以至于…… ② such+名词+as to do 如此……以至于…… ③形容词/副词+enough to do 足够……能做…… ④ too+形容词/副词+ to do 太……而不能…… 知识点二 动名词 1.作主语 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2.作表语 The nurse's job is looking atter the patients. 护士的工作就是照顾病人。 3.作宾语 (1)初中课本中有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但意义截然不同。如： try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 stop to do sth. 停下(某事)去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(某事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘了做过的事(某事已做过) remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(某事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(某事已做过) go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 (2)need, require意为“需要”时，后接动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动含义，相当于to be done。 The radio requires repairing/to be repaired. 收音机需要修理了。 The patient needs operating on/to be operated on at once. 需要立即给病人动手术。 知识点三 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。 1.作定语 现在分词一般式作定语，表示“主动，进行”的动作；现在分词被动式作定语，表示“被动、进行”的动作；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”的动作。 The ceremony being held outdoors now is great. (表被动、进行)正在户外举行的仪式很壮观。 2.作表语 现在分词作表语和过去分词作表语基本都是已经形容词化的v.-ing形式或v-ed形式。现在分词通常表示主语主动发出的动作或说明主语具有何种性质，意为“使人……的，令人……的”；过去分词作表语通常表示主语是动作的承受者，意为“感到……的”。 The snake is so frightening that I am very frightened. 那条蛇如此吓人以至于我感到很害怕。 3.作宾语补足语 (1)用在“感官动词(see, watch, hear, feel)+宾语+分词”结构中。 感官动词+宾语+ doing(宾语补足语表示主动、进行的动作) being done(宾语补足语表示被动,进行的动作) done(宾语补足语表示被动、完成的动作) When she looked up, she saw him being chased by the policemen. 当她抬头时,她看见他正被很多警察追赶。 We all heard him scolded by the boss. 我们都听见他被老板训斥了一通。 (2)用在“get/have+宾语+过去分词”结构中，表示“使/让某事由某人做”，或“使……遭受……” She decided to have the room painted again. 她决定请人把这个房间重新粉刷一遍。 (3)用在“have/get/leave/send+宾语+现在分词”结构中，表示“让/使.….一直做……” He had/left the light burning. 他让灯一直亮着。 4.作状语 (1)表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式等。 Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语,表主动)努力工作，你会成功的。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. (条件状语，表被动)团结则存，分裂则亡。 Much discouraged, she moved on to London. (原因状语,表状态)她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。 (2)分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或使用状语从句。 因为他是个孤儿，护士对他很和善。 Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (×) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (√) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. (√) 一. 单项选择 1. I want to buy a pumpkin ________ a pumpkin pie for Thanksgiving dinner. A. to do B. do C. to make D. make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想买一个南瓜为了感恩节晚餐做一个南瓜派。do做；make制作。根据句意，买南瓜的目的是为了制作南瓜派，表示目的应用动词不定式作目的状语，排除B、D；制作食物常用动词 make，不用do，排除A。故选to make。 2. —We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A. what to use B. what can I use C. how can I use D. how to use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：--我们通常用微信在网上互相聊天。--太好了。但是我不知道如何使用它。know后接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。use是及物动词，后面已有宾语it，因此不能用what引导，只能用how表示方式。B、C选项语序错误，不符合语法规则。故选D。 3. The lecture (讲座) is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late. A. attend; not be B. to attend; to be C. attending; not to be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这场讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。根据固定搭配“be worth doing(值得做某事)”可知第一空填attending；固定搭配“tell sb. not to do sth.(告诉某人不要做某事)”，第二空填not to be。 4. —Would you like to go shopping with us? —No, I prefer staying at home to ________ out on rainy days. A. going B. went C. gone D. goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--你想和我们一起去购物吗？--不，在下雨天我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事胜过做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词going。 5. China’s badminton team ________ the 2026 Thomas Cup on May 4th, ________ France 3-1 in the final. A. wins; beats B. won; beating C. will win; to beat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国羽毛球队在5月4日赢得了2026年汤姆斯杯，在决赛中以3-1击败法国队。win赢；beat打败。根据时间状语“on May 4th”可知，动作发生在过去，第一空应用一般过去式won；第二空表示主动的伴随动作或结果，主语与beat之间是主动关系，应用现在分词beating。 6. —How beautiful these artworks are! —________ by young artists, they show the beauty of traditional Chinese culture. A. Created B. Creating C. To create D. Create 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--这些艺术品多么漂亮啊！--由年轻艺术家创作，它们展示了中国传统文化之美。Created过去式/过去分词；Creating现在分词；To create不定式；Create动词原形。主语they指代artworks，与create之间是被动关系，表示“被创作”，应用过去分词作状语。应填Created。 同义句转换 1. He hasn’t decided when he will start the project. He hasn’t decided ________ ________ start the project. 【答案】when to 【详解】句意：他还没决定什么时候开始这个项目，宾语从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”的结构，原句中的when he will start可转换为when to start，故填when；to。 2. Thank you for helping me. (同义句转换) Thank you for ________ ________. 【答案】your help 【详解】句意：感谢你的帮助。原句结构为“thank you+动名词”。同义句通常将“动词短语”转换为“名词短语”。help me在意义上等同于your help(你的帮助)。 一、单项选择 1. ________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smartwatch. A. Make B. Making C. To make D. Made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了使交流更便捷、更快速，那家公司的工程师设计了一种智能手表。根据“engineers in that company have designed a kind of smartwatch”可知，工程师设计智能手表的目的是使交流更便捷、更快速；因此应用动词不定式结构表示目的，即To make。 2. We are told ________ in the river again and again. It’s dangerous. A. not swim B. to not swim C. don’t swim D. not to swim 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们一再被告知不要在河里游泳。这很危险。not swim不要游泳；to not swim不要游泳(语序不当)；don’t swim不要游泳(祈使句)；not to swim不要游泳(不定式否定形式)。tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不)要做某事”，被动语态结构为 sb. be told (not) to do sth.，不定式的否定形式是在to前加 not，即not to do。根据“It’s dangerous.”可知是被告知不要游泳。 3. As teenagers, we’re old enough ________ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped D. helps 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们足够大了，可以帮助做家务了。我们可以帮忙摆桌子、洗盘子以及打扫我们自己的房间。to help帮助(动词不定式)；helping帮助(动名词/现在分词)；helped帮助(过去式/过去分词)；helps帮助(第三人称单数)。固定句型“adj+enough+to do sth.”意为“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词old后置，后接动词不定式作结果状语。 4. The boy found ________ hard to get along with the other classmates. A. this B. that C. it D. one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个男孩发现和其他同学相处很难。this这个；that那个；it它(作形式宾语)；one一个。根据固定结构“find it+adj.+to do sth.”，其中it作形式宾语，真正宾语为后面的不定式短语“to get along with the other classmates”，应填it。 5. It is important for us ________ the listening ability. A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对我们来说提高听力能力是重要的。improve提高，为动词原形，improving为动名词或现在分词，to improve为动词不定式，improves为第三人称单数。固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb+to do sth”，可知it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，此处应填to improve。 6. Our teacher often advises us ________ more books in our spare time. A. read B. reading C. to read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师经常建议我们在业余时间多读书。根据固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”，可知空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 7. In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival. A. celebrate B. celebrating C. celebrated D. to celebrate 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国，家人聚在一起庆祝中秋节。聚在一起的目的是庆祝中秋节，用动词不定式形式作目的状语，应填to celebrate。 8. My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A. not play B. to not play C. doesn’t play D. not to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要在街上玩耍，太危险了。tell sb. not to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not，即not to play。 9. To improve his speaking skills, Wang Ming ________ English every day. A. practice speaking B. practice to speak C. practices speaking D. practices to speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了提高他的口语技能，王明每天练习说英语。主语“Wang Ming”是第三人称单数，由“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用practices；practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”，后接动名词speaking。应填practices speaking。 10 —Would you mind me ________ the window? It’s a bit hot here. —Not at all. A. open B. opened C. opening D. to open 【答案】C 【详解】句意：--你介意我打开窗户吗？这里有点热。--一点也不介意。固定搭配mind sb. doing sth. 意为“介意某人做某事”，后面需要接动名词形式，应填opening。 11. Looking back at the school clean-up day, we never regret ________ a Saturday morning helping our teachers. A. to spend B. spending C. spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：回顾学校的清洁日，我们从不后悔花了一个周六上午帮助我们的老师。regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事”；regret to do sth.意为“遗憾要做某事”。根据“Looking back at the school clean-up day”可知，清洁日活动已经发生，此处指不后悔做过这件事，应用动名词形式。 12. Tom is a clever boy. He prefers ________ to ________. A. do; talk B. to do; talk C. does; talks D. doing; talking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。他喜欢做事胜过谈论。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.是固定用法，意为“喜欢做某事胜过做某事”，to是介词，前后接动词时都要用动名词形式，应填doing; talking。 13. ________ for ________ care of my baby! A. Thank; take B. Thanks; take C. Thank; taking D. Thanks; taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：谢谢你照顾我的宝宝！根据句式结构可知，第一空表示“感谢……”，常用固定短语“Thanks for…”或“Thank you for…”，因此第一空应填入名词Thanks；第二空前的“for”为介词，其后需接动名词作宾语，因此需使用动词take的-ing形式taking，即构成take care of“照顾”。 14. — Helen enjoys________ storybooks. — Me, too. A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--海伦喜欢读故事书。--我也是。此处为固定搭配enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”，后接动名词形式，reading符合。 15. When the dancers stopped ________ at us, we all couldn’t stop ________ excitedly. A. smiling; to shout B. to smile, shouting C. to smile, to shout 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当舞蹈演员停下来向我们微笑时，我们都忍不住兴奋地喊了起来。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”；can’t stop doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。第一空表示停下舞蹈动作去微笑，应用to smile；第二空表示忍不住喊叫，应用shouting。应填to smile；shouting。 16. These books are worth ________. We should read books for an hour every day. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些书值得读。我们应该每天读书一小时。固定搭配be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”，worth后接动名词形式。故选B。 17. —Look! There ________ so many teenagers ________ photos in the park. —Yes. They are all excited about the spring outing. A. are; taking B. is; taking C. are; take D. is; take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--看！公园里有很多青少年正在拍照。--是的。他们都对春游感到兴奋。第一空，there be句型中be动词的形式由主语决定，主语so many teenagers为复数，故用are；第二空，根据Look!可知动作正在发生，there be sb. doing sth.意为“有某人正在做某事”，故用taking。 18. —I found Mary ________ a red blouse this morning. —But I think she looks better in yellow. A. dressing B. putting on C. wearing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：--我发现玛丽今天早上穿着一件红衬衫。--但我觉得她穿黄色更好看。dressing穿衣；putting on穿上；wearing穿着。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”。dress的宾语通常是人，dress sb；put on强调穿的动作，强调穿衣的瞬间；wear强调穿的状态且宾语是衣物。句中“a red blouse”提示，宾语是衣物，且此处描述穿着状态，因此填wearing。 19. She saw him ________ a picture in the classroom just now. A. draw B. draws C. drew D. drawing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她刚才看见他正在教室里画画。see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行或看见当时的场景；see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调全过程。根据语境，看见他在教室里画画，侧重当时的场景，且“draw”为持续性动作，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 20. The hen ________ on the dried grass can ________ 371 eggs a year. A. laying; lay B. lying; lay C. lying; lie 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那只躺在干草上的母鸡一年能产371个蛋。lie躺，现在分词是lying；lay意为“产卵”，原形是lay。第一空，用现在分词lying作后置定语修饰hen，表示“躺在”；第二空，情态动词can后接动词原形lay，表示“产卵”。 21. —How will you deal with our old bike,dear? —Well, I’ll have it _________and we don’t need to buy a new one. A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--亲爱的，你打算怎么处理我们的旧自行车？--嗯，我会让人把它修好，这样我们就不需要买新的了。repair修理(动词原形)；repaired修理(过去分词)；repairing修理(现在分词)；to repair修理(动词不定式)。固定结构“have sth. done”意为“让某物被……”，表示宾语与动作之间是被动关系。句中it指代自行车，与repair构成被动关系，应用过去分词。应填repaired。 22. —You’d better have your jacket ________. It’s too dirty. —Thanks. I will. A. to wash B. washed C. washing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--你最好把你的夹克洗一下。它太脏了。--谢谢。我会的。句中“have your jacket…”提示，此处考查：have sth. done “让某事被做……”，固定搭配，此处jacket 与wash之间是被动关系，应用过去分词washed作宾语补足语。 23. Products _________ in China _________ in all parts of the world. A. are made, are used B. are made, used C. made, are used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国制造的产品被用于世界各地。第一空用过去分词made作后置定语修饰Products，意为“被制造”；第二空作句子谓语，Products与use之间是被动关系，主语是复数，用are used。应填made；are used。 24. The mobile phone ________ by Martin Cooper in 1973 has changed our lives greatly. A. invents B. invented C. inventing D. was invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：1973年由马丁·库珀发明的手机，极大改变了我们的生活。根据“The mobile phone…by Martin Cooper in 1973 has changed our lives greatly.”可知，此处为过去分词作后置定语，修饰1973年被发明的手机。应填invented。 二、单句语法填空 1. My mother asked me not to ________(watch) TV too much. It’s bad for my eyes. 【答案】watch 【详解】句意：我妈妈要求我不要看太多电视，这对我的眼睛不好。考查固定搭配ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”，不定式to后面要接动词原形，故填watch。 2. He was seen ________(steal) something from the shop. 【答案】to steal 【详解】句意：有人看见他从商店里偷了东西。感官动词see用于被动语态时，需接带to的不定式，即be seen to do sth.，表示“被看见做了某事”(强调动作全过程或已发生)。故填to steal。 3. You’d better manage ________(finish) the task within this week. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：你最好设法在本周内完成这项任务。固定短语manage to do sth，含义是“设法做成某事”，to后接动词原形，故填to finish。 4. Many students find it hard ________(keep) a balance between study and entertainment. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：许多学生发现很难在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。此处考查固定句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”，意为“发现做某事是……的”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，因此应填to keep。 5. He could not decide what _______(do) next. 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：他不能决定接下来该做什么。此处是疑问词+不定式的结构，decide what to do“决定做什么”。故填to do。 6. The Palace Museum is really a good place ________(have) fun. 【答案】to have 【详解】句意：故宫博物院真的是一个玩乐的好地方。“a good place to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“一个做某事的好地方”，不定式作后置定语修饰place，故填to have。 7. The OBIS doctor is training the local doctors how _________(deal) with the blindness. 【答案】to deal 【详解】句意：这位奥比斯医生正在培训当地医生如何治疗眼盲病症。固定结构“疑问词how+动词不定式to do”，在句中作宾语；deal的不定式形式为to deal，how to deal with意为“如何处理/治疗”。 8. Mary studied hard only _________(fail) in the exam. 【答案】to fail 【详解】句意：玛丽学习很努力，结果考试却不及格。固定结构only to do用来表示出乎意料、令人失望的结果，意为“不料；结果却”，此处用不定式to fail作结果状语。 9. He did all he could ________(find) the truth. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：他竭尽所能去查明真相。空格处在句中作目的状语，需用非谓语动词形式。本题是句型“do all one can/could to do sth.”，意为“竭尽全力做某事”。分析句子结构，“all (that) he could”是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词all，且情态动词could后省略了动词原形do以避免重复；而空处需接动词不定式形式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。find的动词不定式形式为to find。 10. He helped his parents ________(lay) out the bowls and plates. 【答案】to lay/lay 【详解】句意：他帮父母摆放碗碟。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，to可省略，后面用动词原形，所以填lay或者to lay。 lay out是短语，意为 “摆放；铺开”。 11. Many young people are interested in ________(create) works with AI technology. 【答案】creating 【详解】句意：许多年轻人对用人工智能技术创作作品很感兴趣。句中固定短语“be interested in”意为“对……感兴趣”，介词in后面需要接名词、代词或者动名词形式。create是动词，它的动名词形式为creating。 12. I look forward to ________(hear) from you soon. Please write back and tell me your news. 【答案】hearing 【详解】句意：我期待很快收到你的来信，请回信告诉我你的近况。look forward to doing sth.期待做某事，固定短语，to是介词，后面动词用动名词形式。应填hearing。 13. Be confident of ________(pass) the exam. 【答案】passing 【详解】句意：对通过考试有信心。句中“of”为介词，介词后接动词作宾语时，应用动名词形式。括号内提示词“pass”为动词，其动名词形式在结尾加ing，故填passing。 14. We have nothing against ________(run) in the morning. It’s good for our health. 【答案】running 【详解】句意：我们不反对早上跑步。这对我们的健康有好处。句中“against”为介词，意为“反对”，后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语。因此，空格处应将动词run转换为动名词形式。run的动名词形式为running。 15. I enjoy ________(climb) mountains on weekends because it makes me relaxed. 【答案】climbing 【详解】句意：我喜欢在周末爬山，因为这让我放松。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，动词climb需要变为动名词形式climbing。 16. Tom wants to read in the library instead of ________(play) soccer with his friends. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：汤姆想在图书馆看书，而不是和朋友们踢足球。根据“instead of”提示，介词后接动名词作宾语。play的动名词形式是playing。 17. The boy is used to _________(read) comic books now. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：这个男孩现在习惯看漫画书了。固定短语“be used to doing sth.”表示“习惯于做某事”，此处“to”是介词，后面需要接动词的动名词形式。括号内动词“read”的动名词形式为“reading”。 18. He won’t give up ________(smoke). Don’t mention it. 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：他不会戒烟的。别提了。give up doing sth“放弃做某事”，固定搭配，空处用动名词形式smoking。 19. I think children shouldn’t spend too much time ________(play) computer games. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：我认为孩子们不应该花费太多时间玩电脑游戏。本句包含固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”，意为“花费时间做某事”，介词“in”可以省略，后面需要接动词的动名词形式。括号内动词“play”的动名词形式为“playing”。 20. After school he always goes out to play instead of ________(stay) at home. 【答案】staying 【详解】句意：放学后他总是出去玩，而不是待在家里。 根据固定搭配instead of后接动名词，介词of后动词要变为doing形式，stay变动名词staying，故填staying。 21. I’m sorry to keep you ________(wait) for me so long. 【答案】waiting 【详解】句意：很抱歉让你等我这么久。keep sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，表示让某人持续做某事，因此wait要用动名词形式waiting。 22. When I passed by the park, I saw many people ________(lie) on the grassland to enjoy the sunshine. 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：当我路过公园时，我看见许多人正躺在草地上享受阳光。固定结构see sb. doing sth.，表示“看见某人正在做某事”，强调路过时看到动作正在发生；lie表示“躺”，它的现在分词形式是lying。 23. The bus driver found an old man ________(lie) on the roadside. 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：公交车司机发现一位老人正躺在路边。这里用到find sb. doing sth.结构，表示“发现某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。动词lie(躺)的现在分词形式是lying。 24. ________(watch) herself in the mirror, she thought she was the prettiest lady in the world. 【答案】Watching 【详解】句意：看着镜子里的自己，她认为自己是世界上最漂亮的女士。句中“watch”与逻辑主语“she”之间是主动关系，且动作“看镜子”和“认为自己漂亮”同时发生，应用现在分词作伴随状语。“watch”的现在分词形式为“watching”，句首首字母大写，故填Watching。 25. The firemen worked hard to stop the fire ________(扩散) to other buildings. 【答案】spreading 【详解】句意：消防队员努力阻止火势扩散到其他建筑物。表达“扩散”的单词是spread，动词，句中“stop the fire…to other buildings”提示，此处考查：stop sth doing sth“阻止某事/某物……”，固定搭配，指阻止火势扩散到其他建筑物，spread的现在分词形式是spreading。故填spreading。 26. _________(compare) with them, Amy focuses on art and longs for a higher social position. 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与他们相比，艾米专注于艺术并渴望更高的社会地位。compare“比较”，动词，观察句子结构可知，compare与句子主语Amy之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即Amy被与他人比较，故要使用动词的过去分词形式，表示“与……相比”。固定搭配compared with意为“与……相比”，在句中作状语，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。 27. Your car makes an unusual noise. You’d better have it ________(check) at once. 【答案】checked 【详解】句意：你的车发出不寻常的噪音。你最好立刻去检查一下。句中有谓语动词have，且it和check之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，have sth. done“让……被做”。故填checked。 28. I will have my washing machine ________(repair) this weekend. 【答案】repaired 【详解】句意：这个周末我要找人把洗衣机修一下。固定结构“have sth. done”意为“让某物被…”，其中“done”是过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语“my washing machine”与动词“repair”之间是被动逻辑，即洗衣机“被修理”，因此repair变为过去分词repaired。 29. Breathing ________(pollute) air for a long time can be harmful to our health. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：长期吸入被污染的空气对我们的健康有害。根据句子结构，空格处需要填入一个形容词或分词作定语修饰名词“air”。pollute的过去分词polluted可作形容词，意为“被污染的”。故填polluted。 30. The summer camp I attended last year is the most exciting one ________(hold) by my future senior high school. 【答案】held 【详解】句意：我去年参加的夏令营是我的未来高中举办的最激动人心的一个。动词hold 意为“举办”，与the “summer camp”之间为被动关系，且句子已有谓语“is”，因此用过去分词held作后置定语。 三、完成句子 1. 我决定在课上做一些笔记。 I decided to ________ some ________ in class. 【答案】take; notes 【详解】原句中“做笔记”是关键词，表示“做笔记”的动词短语是take notes。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，to后接动词原形take，notes为名词复数作宾语。 2. 我们应该尽力避免犯这么愚蠢的错误。 We should try to _______ ________ such a foolish mistake. 【答案】avoid making 【详解】原句中“避免犯”是关键词。“避免”对应的是动词avoid，“犯错误”对应的短语是make a mistake。try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，因此第一空填avoid。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，avoid后接动名词作宾语，因此第二空填making。 3. 和父母恰当地交流是非常必要的。 It is very necessary to ________ with our parents properly. 【答案】communicate 【详解】原句中“交流”是关键词，表示“交流”的动词短语是communicate with。“It is adj. + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，其中to是不定式符号，后面必须接动词原形。 4. 团队合作能帮助我们很快解决难题。 Teamwork can help us ________ ________ difficult problems quickly. 【答案】work out 【详解】对照中英文可知，关键词为“解决”work out。此句用到固定搭配help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，help后接动词原形。 5. 人们必须学会与自然和谐相处。 People must learn to ________ ________with nature peacefully. 【答案】get along/on 【详解】原句中“与……相处”是关键词，“与……相处”的英文表达是get along/on with，learn to do sth.是固定用法，意为“学会做某事”，不定式符号to后需接动词原形get。 6. 看英文电影对你学习英语有好处。 ________ English movies ________ helpful to your English study. 【答案】Watching; is 【详解】中文“看英文电影”在句中充当主语，表示一般性的行为或习惯，应用动词watch的动名词形式Watching，且位于句首，首字母需大写；be helpful to...意为“对……有帮助/好处”，动名词短语(Watching English movies)作主语时，谓语动词应视为单数，因此be动词填is。 7. 你需要在完成作文后仔细检查，找出拼写错误。 You ________ to check carefully for ________ mistakes after writing the composition. 【答案】need; spelling 【详解】原句中“需要”和“拼写”是关键词。“需要”对应动词need，固定句型need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”。句子主语是“You”，时态为一般现在时，因此谓语动词用原形need；“拼写”对应动词spell，需变为动名词spelling作定语修饰名词mistakes，说明错误的类型是“拼写”方面。 8. 我认为这本书值得一读。 I think the book is _______ ________. 【答案】worth reading 【详解】原文中“值得一读”是关键词，固定搭配：be worth doing sth.表示“值得做某事”，“阅读”为read，其动名词形式为reading。故填worth；reading。 9. 养成每天早读的习惯对你的英语学习有好处。   ________ the habit of reading aloud every morning is good for your English study. 【答案】Forming/Developing 【详解】原句中“养成”是关键词，表示“养成(习惯)”可用动词form/develop；本空在句首作主语，需要使用动名词形式，动词变动名词加-ing。故填Forming/Developing。 10. 我每个周末都去练习游泳。 I go to ________ every weekend. 【答案】practice swimming 【详解】原句中的关键词为“练习游泳”，“练习”的英文为practice，动词，句中“go to”后接动词原形表示目的(去做某事)，故“练习”用原形practice；“游泳”的英文为swim，practice doing sth为固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，故“游泳”需用动名词形式swimming。故填practice swimming。 11. 下一站，勤俭道站。下车请留意脚下安全。 The next station is Qinjian Road. Please mind your step when ________ ________. 【答案】getting; off 【详解】原句中“下车”为关键词，“下车”的固定表达为get off；空前的when引导时间状语从句，在广播或通知中，为使语言简洁，常省略从句主语和be动词，采用“when+现在分词” 结构，填getting off。 12. 李明独自留在教室里，整理着散落的试卷。 Li Ming stayed alone in the classroom, ________ the scattered test papers. 【答案】tidying up 【详解】原句中“整理着”是关键词，表示主动伴随动作，表示“整理”的动词短语是tidy up，句中已有谓语动词stayed，应用现在分词短语作伴随状语，tidy的现在分词为tidying。 13. 相比之下，我们收到了更多的照片。 ________ ________ others, we received many more photos. 【答案】Compared with 【详解】原句中“相比之下”是关键词，表示“与……相比”的过去分词短语是compared with，在句中作状语。句首字母需大写。 14. I don't know what I should say. (改为简单句) I don't know what ________ ________. 【答案】to say 【详解】句意：我不知道我该说什么。原句“I don’t know what I should say”中，宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致(均为I)，且从句谓语含情态动词should，可将其转换为“疑问词+to do”的简单句结构，即“what+to say”。故①填to；②填say。 15. The instruction manual shows us how we should operate the machine. (改为简单句) The instruction manual shows us how ________ ________ the machine. 【答案】to operate 【详解】句意：说明书告诉我们应该如何操作这台机器。句子是how引导的宾语从句，改为简单句可以将宾语从句改为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式形式”，operate的不定式是to operate。 16. Can you tell me where I can park my car around here?(改为简单句) Can you tell me ________ ________ park my car around here? 【答案】where to 【详解】句意：你能告诉我在这附近在哪儿停车吗？原句是宾语从句：where I can park my car around here，“疑问词 + 主语 + can + 动词原形”的宾语从句，可直接简化为： 疑问词 + to + 动词原形，where I can park → where to park，故填where；to。 17. The tourist wondered where he could exchange the money easily. (改成简单句) The tourist wondered ________ ________ exchange the money easily. 【答案】where to 【详解】句意：这名游客想知道在哪里可以方便地兑换钱。根据题目要求，将复合句改为简单句，原句结构：“where he could exchange the money easily”是一个宾语从句，作动词“wondered”的宾语，当宾语从句的引导词是疑问词(where, what, how, when 等)，且从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以将从句改为“疑问词+动词不定式(to do)”，即“where to exchange...”。故填where；to。 18. Rex decided that he would book a table in the new restaurant in advance.(改为简单句) Rex decided ________ ________ a table in the new restaurant in advance. 【答案】to book 【详解】句意：雷克斯决定提前在新餐厅预订一张桌子。原句为宾语从句，改为简单句可用不定式作宾语，decide to do sth“决定做某事”，此处填book“预订”的不定式形式to book。 19. With two invitations in hand, she wondered which one she should accept. (改为简单句) With two invitations in hand, she wondered which one _________ _________. 【答案】to accept 【详解】句意：手里拿着两份邀请函，她不知道该接受哪一个。原句为含有宾语从句的复合句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可改为“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的简单句结构，所以此处应填动词不定式to accept。 20. “Don’t look at the cameras, Roddy,” said the director. (改为间接引语) The director told Roddy ________ ________ look at the cameras. 【答案】not to 【详解】句意：导演说：“罗迪，别看镜头。”题干要求将原句改为间接引语，原句为否定祈使句，tell sb. not to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，需将原句的否定祈使句转化为not to+动词原形的结构。 21. The girl had no idea how she could operate the new washing machine. (改为简单句) The girl had no idea ________ ________ operate the new washing machine. 【答案】how to 【详解】句意：这个女孩不知道她如何操作这台新洗衣机。原句是含宾语从句的复合句，改为简单句时，可将宾语从句how she could operate...转换为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构how to operate...，作idea的同位语。 22. The students want to know where they can find more resources for their project. (改为简单句) The students want to know ________ ________ find more resources for their project. 【答案】where to 【详解】句意： 学生们想知道在哪里可以找到更多用于他们项目的资源。原句是由where引导的宾语从句，当主句主语和从句主语一致时，可将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，即where they can find简化为where to find，从而将复合句变为简单句，语义保持不变。 23. This program aims to teach students how they can stay safe online. (改为简单句) This program aims to teach students ________ ________ stay safe online. 【答案】how to 【详解】句意：这个项目旨在教学生如何在网上保障安全。题目要求改为简单句，原句中的宾语从句how they can stay safe online可以替换为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，即how to stay safe online，该结构可以直接作动词teach的宾语补足语。故填how；to。 24. To keep healthy is very important. (改为同义句) _________ very _________ to keep healthy. 【答案】It’s; important 【详解】句意：保持健康非常重要。原句使用动词不定式作主语，改为同义句时，可用“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”结构，其中It’s=It is，important作表语，不定式作真正主语。 ( 9 / 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $