语法清单05 初高中衔接语法复习知识清单（动词的时态语态和主谓一致）-2026年初升高英语衔接暑假提升练测（译林版，江苏专用）

语法清单03 初高中衔接语法复习清单(动词时态语态和主谓一致) 01 重点速记—语法清单(动词时态语态和主谓一致) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 语法清单 考点 初中阶段 高中阶段 动词时态语态 要求学生主要掌握一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时的基本用法，及其对应的被动语态。 除了上述用法，还要求掌握现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时等用法；某些短暂性动词用现在进行时表示将来；在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时或者现在完成时表示将来等。时态和语态的考查以语法填空为主，解题时侧重时间标志与语境的理解。 主谓一致 要求学生主要掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。 除了上述用法，还要求掌握“就远原则”，以及主谓一致的特殊用法，比如：定语从句中的主谓一致(定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致)，the one/the only one+定语从句等。 重点一 动词时态语态 考点一 一般现在时 用法 例句 表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为或永恒的真理、客观事实。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If you are free this Sunday, well go for a picnic. 如果你这周日有空，我们将去野餐。 考点二 一般过去时 用法 例句 表示在过去某时发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去一段时间内习惯性、经常性的动作。 I graduated from No. 2 Middle School three years ago. 三年前我从第二中学毕业。 表示一系列发生在过去的动作，尽管动作有先后，但是都用过去时，且在最后两个动词之间用and连接。 He took his bag, closed the door and left the room. 他拿起包，关上门，离开了房间。 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来。 He would give the letter to her as soon as she came back. 她一回来他就会把信给她。 考点三 一般将来时(表示未来的动作或存在的状态) 用法 例句 “shall/will+动词原形”表示将来，其动作可能发生在将来任何时刻。其中，shall仅用于第一人称，will用于所有人称。 I shall fell you a story about four little rabbits. 我将给你讲个关于4只小兔子的故事。 There will be a rock concert at the weekend. 周末将有一场摇滚音乐会。 “be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事，也可用于表示有迹象表明将要发生某事。 I'm going to meet Mr Smith at the airport at 8 :00 tonight. 今晚八点我将去机场接史密斯先生。 Look at the cloud. It's going to rain. 看看云！天要下雨了。 某些短暂性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的事情，如:come, go, leave, arrive, start, stay, move等。 She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天要动身去上海。 How long are you staying in Beijing? 你在北京将待多长时间？ 按时间表即将发生的事情多用一般现在时，且句中常有时间状语。 Go aboard, please. The ship leaves at 4:00. 快点上船。轮船四点就要开了。 注意：be going to侧重于“已计划过或思考过的意图或打算”，而will可表示“临时的决定”。 I am going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考) I will answer the door. 我去开门。(临时的决定) 考点四 现在进行时 用法 例句 表示说话时正在进行的动作。 Look, they are playing football. 看,他们正在踢足球。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，或表示正在发展变化的情况。 The population of the world is increasing. 世界人口正在不断增长。 Don’t make noise. The baby is falling asleep. 别出声。孩子就要睡着了。 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please. 如果他来时我正在睡觉，请叫醒我。 与always, all the time, constantly, forever等连用，表达说话人的赞赏、责备、厌恶等情感。 He's always thinking of others. 他总是想着他人。 注意：一些表示感觉、愿望和状态的动词，一般不用于进行时，如:be, love, hate, like, want, need, prefer, wish, know, believe, feel, remain, look(看起来), see, seem, fit, find, hear, allow, prove, sound, taste, desire等。 考点五 过去进行时 用法 例句 表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。 At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾去露营的东西。 come, go, leave, start, move等终止性动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 She said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 她说火车第二天早上 6.点出发。 考点六 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。 We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们过去从没想过约翰会成为一名医生。 考点七 现在完成时 用法 例句 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常与already, just, yet, never, before等时间状语连用。 He has never recovered from the shock of his brother's death. 他从未从他哥哥去世的打击中恢复过来。 表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。常与 for, since, up to now, recently, so far, over/during/in the past/last... years/days, for a long time等表示一段时间的状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last year. 他的第一部小说自从去年出版后就广受好评。 【易混辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 --Where have you put the reorder? I can't see it anywhere. 你把录音机放在哪里了？我到处找不到它。 --I put it right here. But now it's gone. 我把它就放在这儿。但是现在它不见了。 注意：问句中用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；答句用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。 考点八 过去完成时 用法 例句 过去完成时表示在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。 He said that he had been abroad for three years, 他说他在国外待了3年。 表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，而且还可能继续下去的动作。常与by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 2000. 他说自从2000年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 考点九 被动语态(助动词be+及物动词的过去分词) 用法 例句 强调动作的承受者或淡化动作的执行者。 All the rooms are cleaned regularly. 所有的房间都定期打扫。 I don't know when the book will be published. 我不知道这本书什么时候出版。 接双宾语的动词，如give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, send, bring, promise等，变为被动语态时，宾语成主语；间接宾语前加介词to或for。 His teacher gave him a dictionary. →He was given a dictionary by his teacher. →A dictionary was given to him by his teacher. 老师给了他一本字典。 动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 The doctor was sent for immediately. 马上派人去请医生。 重点二 主谓一致 考点一 语法一致原则 用法 例句 主语是单数形式，谓语动词一般采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式。不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 To read English aloud every day does you a lot of good. 每天朗读英语对你好处多多。 由连词and或both... and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam. 汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。 主语后有with, together with, like, but, as well as, except, including, Father than, besides等连接的词或短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 那位老师和一些学生正在参观工厂。 “either/neither/each/every/no+单数名词”和由some/any/no/every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and girl in Britain has read it. 英国的每个男孩和女孩都读过它。 考点二 意义一致原则 用法 例句 在含有代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的句中，谓语动词的单复数形式由其指代的词的单复数决定。 All is right. 一切顺利。(all指物,谓语用单数形式) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。(all指人,谓语用复数形式) 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等名词作主语时，如果被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 200 dollars was a big sum at that time. 两百美元在当时是很大的一笔钱。 由“plenty of/half of/a lot of/lots of/ the rest of/ the majority of+名词”和“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面名词的数决定。 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 per cent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 集体名词family, class, crowd, team, government, company, group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体) 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。 Our class are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体) 我们班的学生们正在等他回国。 考点三 就近一致原则 用法 例句 在正式的文体中，由not only... but also..., neither...or.., either… or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come. 学生和老师都没来。 There be句型中，谓语动词与be后面的第一个主语保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and a book on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。 一. 单项选择 1.(2026·天津河东·二模)On Christmas Eve, I opened the window, only to find that it ________ and the snow began to pile up slowly. A. snowed B. was snowing C. will snow D. snows 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在圣诞前夜，我打开窗户，结果发现外面正在下雪，雪开始慢慢堆积起来。snow是动词，表示“下雪”；根据“On Christmas Eve, I opened the window”可知，句子描述的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing；从句的主语“it”为第三人称单数，因此be动词用was，空处用was snowing。 2.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)To improve his speaking skills, Wang Ming ________ English every day. A. practice speaking B. practice to speak C. practices speaking D. practices to speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了提高他的口语技能，王明每天练习说英语。主语“Wang Ming”是第三人称单数，由“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用practices；practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”，后接动名词speaking。应填practices speaking。 3.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)If it ________ tomorrow, we will have a school trip in the mountains. A. rains B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D. won’t rain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们将去山里进行学校旅行。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，所以排除C和D；“we will have a school trip in the mountains”提示语境是“不下雨才会去旅行”，应用否定形式，应选doesn’t rain。 4.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)By the time we arrived, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A. has started B. had started C. has been on D. had been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我们到达的时候，电影已经上映十分钟了。has started已经开始；had started已经开始；has been on已经上映；had been on已经上映。根据“By the time we arrived”可知，主句动作发生在过去某一时间之前，应用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)，结合“for ten minutes”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，start是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需变为be on，所以，had been on符合题意。 5.(2026·福建泉州·一模)I ________ to Xiamen twice. It’s really a beautiful coastal city. A. have been B. have gone C. went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我去过厦门两次。它真的是一座美丽的沿海城市。have been to表示去过某地已回来，常与次数连用；have gone to表示去了某地未回来；went是一般过去时。根据关键词“twice”可知表示曾经去过某地的经历，应填have been。 6.(2026·福建泉州·一模)Look! The children ________ kites happily on the beach. A. fly B. are flying C. flew 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看！孩子们正在海滩上开心地放风筝。根据句首的“Look!”可知，动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，结构为：be+动词现在分词。主语“The children”是复数，be动词用are，应选用are flying。 7.(2026·江西宜春·模拟预测)—Emma, can you help me? —Sorry, I ________ homework. A. did B. will do C. am doing D. was doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：--艾玛，你能帮我吗？--抱歉，我正在做作业。根据语境，对话发生在当下，回答时正在做作业，故用现在进行时am doing。 8.(2026·安徽阜阳·模拟预测)Many Chinese scientists ________ great efforts to develop space technology in the past few years. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，许多中国科学家为发展空间技术付出了巨大的努力。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在。现在完成时的结构：have/has+过去分词，应填have made。 9.(2026·天津津南·三模)—Have you ever ________ an amusement park? —Yes, I have. I ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year. A. been to; have gone to B. been to; went to C. go to; went to D. gone to; have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--你曾经去过游乐园吗？--是的，我去过。去年我去了快乐时光游乐园。have gone to去了某地(人目前还没回来，不在说话现场)；have been to去过某地(人现已返回，就在说话现场)。第一空：表示“去过某地且已回来”，应使用been to；第二空：根据具体时间状语“last year”可知句子时态为一般过去时，应使用went to。 10.(2026·天津津南·三模)I don’t know when the meeting ________. When the meeting ________, I will call you. A. will end; ends B. will end; will end C. ends; ends D. ends; will end 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道会议什么时候将结束。当会议结束时，我会给你打电话。第一空when引导宾语从句，表示将来发生的动作，用一般将来时will end；第二空When引导时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语是第三人称单数，动词用ends。故填will end; ends。 11.(2026·北京·三模)He ________ basketball every weekend. A. plays B. has played C. played D. is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他每个周末都打篮球。根据时间状语“every weekend”可知，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，时态是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。应填plays。 12.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)When ________ the telephone ________  ? A. did; invent B. was; inventing C. was; invented D. did; invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：电话是什么时候被发明的？电话是“被发明”的，应用被动语态；根据句意可知表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was invented”。应填was; invented。 13.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)—Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A. haven’t invited B. didn’t invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：--你去吉姆的生日派对了吗？--没有，我没有被邀请。问句使用一般过去时询问生日派对这件过去的事，主语I和invite是被动关系，表示“我没被邀请”，用一般过去时被动语态的否定形式wasn’t invited。 14.(2026·北京·模拟预测)These bottles _______ to make new products. It is a good way to reuse waste. A. recycle B. recycled C. are recycled D. is recycled 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些瓶子被回收用来制造新产品。这是一种重复利用废物的好方法。主语“These bottles”是复数，且与动词recycle之间是被动关系，表示“被回收”，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be+过去分词。be动词需与主语保持一致，使用are。 15.(甘肃临夏回族自治州部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(一)英语)—There’s going to ________ an English evening tonight. Would you like to go with us? —I’d love to. A. have B. has C. is D. be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：--今晚将有一个英语晚会。你愿意和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意。have有；has有；is是；be是。there be句型的一般将来时结构为“there is/are going to be”，going to后接动词原形be，且there be句型表示“存在”不能用have/has。故选be。 16.(2026·吉林·模拟预测)The number of the volunteers in our city ________ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ________ teachers and students. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们城市的志愿者人数是2000人，其中百分之六十是教师和学生。is是；are是。the number of表示“……的数量”，中心词是number，作主语时谓语动词用单数is；“percent of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的词，them指代volunteers为复数，谓语动词用are。应填is；are。 一、单项选择 1.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go hiking in the mountains. A. doesn’t rain B. didn’t rain C. won’t rain D. hasn’t rained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去山里徒步旅行。if引导的条件状语从句时态上遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表将来，从句主语“it”为第三人称单数，否定形式需用doesn’t+动词原形。 2.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)I ________ get up late, but now I ________ getting up early. A. used to; am used to B. am used to; used to C. used to; used to D. am used to; am used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过去常常起床晚，但现在我习惯早起。used to过去常常(used to do“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯)；am used to习惯于(be used to doing“习惯做某事”，表示现在的状态)。根据题干“but now”与前文形成对比，第一空表示过去习惯，用used to；第二空表示现在习惯，用am used to；应填used to; am used to。 3.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)My family ________ in Lhasa for over twenty years. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is living 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的家人在拉萨已经住了二十多年了。根据时间状语”for over twenty years”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 4.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A. There will be B. There is going to have C. There is D. There are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下个月我们学校将有一场运动会。根据“next month”可知，句子是There be句型的一般将来时，排除选项C和D，选项C和D是一般现在时。There be句型表示“有”，其一般将来时结构为“There will be”或“There is going to be”，排除选项B。应填There will be。 5.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)There ________ a football match between our school and No.2 Middle School tomorrow. A. is going to be B. was C. is D. will have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天在我们学校与第二中学之间将有一场足球比赛。根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，句子时态为一般将来时。there be句型的将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is/are going to be”，且there be句型不能与have连用。应填is going to be。 6.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)We ________ to visit the Potala Palace last summer vacation. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年暑假我们去参观了布达拉宫。根据时间状语“last summer vacation”可知，动作发生在过去，谓语动词应用过去式。应填went。 7.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)—Could you tell me ________ you will come to the party tomorrow? —I’m not sure. If I ________ free, I will go. A. if; am B. that; am C. if; will be D. that; will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--你能告诉我你明天是否来参加派对吗？--我不确定。如果我有空，我会去的。第一空根据答语“I’m not sure”可知问句表示不确定，应用if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”；第二空if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是I，be动词用am。 8.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)They ________ in Tibet for five years and they love the local people very much. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们在西藏住了五年了，并且他们非常爱当地人民。根据时间状语“for five years”可知动作持续了一段时间，且后半句“they love”是一般现在时，说明居住的动作持续到现在或对现在有影响，应用现在完成时。应填have lived。 9.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)We don’t know ________. It is said that she would come tomorrow. A. how she will come B. when she came C. when she will come D. when she comes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们不知道她什么时候会来。据说她明天会来。how she will come她将如何来(询问方式，一般将来时)；when she came她什么时候来的(询问时间，一般过去时)；when she will come她什么时候会来(询问时间，一般将来时)；when she comes她什么时候来(询问时间，一般现在时)。根据后句“tomorrow”表示将来时间，宾语从句应用when引导，且应用一般将来时，应填when she will come。 10.(2026·福建泉州·一模)The 21st Sports Meeting of Fujian Province ________ in Zhangzhou in 2025. A. holds B. held C. was held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：福建省第二十一届运动会于2025年在漳州举行。主语“The 21st Sports Meeting”与动词hold之间为被动关系，且时间“in 2025”为过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，was held符合语境。 11.(2026·江西宜春·模拟预测)Usually, people ________ to give a general self-introduction in a job interview. A. require B. are required C. required D. were required 【答案】B 【详解】句意：通常，人们在求职面试中被要求做一个概括性的自我介绍。主语“people”与动词“require”之间为被动关系(人们被要求)，且时间状语“Usually”表示通常情况，应用一般现在时被动语态are required。 12.(2026·江苏连云港·二模)—Have you heard of the 2026 Humanoid Robot Half Marathon (马拉松)? —Yes. It ________ in Beijing on April 19th, 2026 and attracted lots of visitors. A. is held B. held C. was held D. has been held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：--你听说过2026年人形机器人半程马拉松吗？--是的。它于2026年4月19日在北京举行，吸引了许多游客。句中时间状语“on April 19th, 2026”表明动作发生在过去，且and连接的并列谓语“attracted”是一般过去时，确定本句时态；主语“It”与hold之间为被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+done。 13.(2026·吉林松原·模拟预测)That library ________ ten years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个图书馆是十年前建造的。根据时间状语“ten years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“That library”是物，与动词build之间构成被动关系，应使用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，所以用was built。 14.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)English ________ widely in many schools in Xi Zang now. A. teaches B. taught C. is taught D. was taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：英语现在在西藏的许多学校被广泛教授。根据主语“English”与动词“teach”的关系可知，英语是动作的承受者，两者之间是被动关系，需用被动语态“be+动词过去分词”。结合时间状语“now”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语“English”为不可数名词，因此be动词用is。 15.(2026·海南·模拟预测)A lot of knowledge ________ by us in the past three years. A. learn B. learned C. has been learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，我们学到了许多知识。根据“in the past three years”可知句子应用现在完成时；根据“by us”可知应用被动语态；主语knowledge是不可数名词，助动词用has。应填has been learned。 16.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(四)英语)Which sentence has the same meaning as “She gave me a book.”? A. I gave her a book. B. I was given a book by her. C. A book was given to me by her. D. B and C. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哪个句子与“她给了我一本书”意思相同？I gave her a book我给了她一本书；I was given a book by her她给了我一本书；A book was given to me by her她给了我一本书；B and C B 和 C。选项A主语和宾语互换，与原句不符；选项B为被动语态，间接宾语作主语，与原句意思一致；选项C为被动语态，直接宾语作主语，也与原句意思一致。应选D。 17.(2026·海南海口·二模)The competition is going to ________ on July 14th. A. hold B. is held C. be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：比赛将于7月14日举行。主语The competition与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；be going to后接动词原形，构成be going to be done结构，应填be held。 18.(2026·海南海口·模拟预测)After that, I ________ to take part in more school activities. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. was encouraged 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从那以后，我被鼓励参加更多的学校活动。主语I与动词encourage之间是被动关系，意为“被鼓励”，且根据“After that”可知，时态为一般过去时，结构应为“was/were+过去分词”。A选项为过去式，表主动；B选项为现在分词；C选项为一般过去时的被动语态结构，符合题意。 19.(2026·吉林长春·模拟预测)The birthday cake for my mom ________ by myself this year. A. makes B. made C. was made D. is making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今年给我妈妈的生日蛋糕是由我自己制作的。主语the birthday cake(蛋糕)和动词make是被动关系，蛋糕是“被制作”；by myself表示动作执行者，this year表示今年已完成的事，用一般过去时的被动语态was made。 20.(2026·北京·三模)The old bridge ________ hundreds of years ago. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座旧桥建于数百年前。主语“The old bridge”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合“hundreds of years ago”可知，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态was built。 21.(2026·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)“Respecting the elderly is a traditional Chinese virtue(美德)” means the old people should ________ by us. A. be take good care of B. take good care of C. be taken good care of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“尊老为中华传统美德”意味着老人应当被我们好好照料。take good care of意为“好好照顾”；主语the old people与短语之间是被动关系，情态动词should后被动语态结构为should be+过去分词，take的过去分词是taken。A选项be take结构错误，B选项为主动语态不符合语境，故填be taken good care of。 22.(2026·海南·三模)In the farm, Jeff finds that litchis ________ by hand. A. picked B. are picked C. are picking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在农场里，杰夫发现荔枝是手工采摘的。主语litchis与动词pick之间是被动关系，且由finds可知时态为一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用are，pick的过去分词是picked。 23.(2026·甘肃武威·三模)—The injured bird ________ by the kind students in our class. —They are such good examples for us to learn from. A. look after B. looked after C. is looking after D. is looked after 【答案】D 【详解】句意：--受伤的鸟被我们班善良的学生们照顾。--他们是我们学习的好榜样。look after照顾，动词原形，一般现在时主动语态；looked after照顾，动词过去式，一般过去时主动语态；is looking after正在照顾，现在进行时主动语态；is looked after被照料，一般现在时被动语态.句中出现标志词by，主语the injured bird是动作的承受者，本句需要使用被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词，应填is looked after。 24.(2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)—Where’s your sister? She ________ on the phone. —Sorry, she went to Shanghai yesterday. A. wants B. wanted C. is wanted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：--你妹妹在哪里？有她的电话。--抱歉，她昨天去上海了。wants一般现在时，主动语态；wanted过去式，主动语态；is wanted一般现在时，被动语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“有人找她接电话”，主语She与动词want构成被动关系，因此应该用被动语态。 25.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)Not only my brother but also I ________ good at painting. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不仅我弟弟而且我也擅长绘画。not only...but also... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与最近的主语保持一致。句中离空格最近的主语是 I，所以谓语动词用am。 26.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)—A number of young people ________ volunteering to teach in China. —Yes, the number of them ________ getting bigger and bigger. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--许多年轻人志愿在中国教书。--是的，他们的数量越来越大。 a number of意为“许多”，“a number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语用复数，故第一空填are；the number of意为“……的数量”，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语用单数，故第二空填is。应填are; is。 27.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in Tibetan folk music. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我的父母而且我也对西藏民间音乐感兴趣的。am是，用于第一人称；is用于第三人称单数；are用于第二人称和复数；be是，动词原形。“not only...but also...”连接主语时遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与最近的主语“I”保持一致，“I”对应的be动词是am。 28.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)There ________ a concert the day after tomorrow. Would you like to come? A. is B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：后天将有一场音乐会。你想来吗？根据时间状语“the day after tomorrow”可知，句子时态为一般将来时。there be句型的将来时结构为“There will be”或“There is/are going to be”，there be句型不能与have连用，is going to be符合。 29.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)Bottles ________ glass. A. is made of B. are made of C. is made from D. are made from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：瓶子是由玻璃制成的。主语Bottles是复数，be动词用are，排除A、C；be made of表示“由……制成”，能看出原材料(物理变化)；be made from表示“由……制成”，看不出原材料(化学变化)。瓶子由玻璃制成，能看出原材料，故用be made of。 30.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)—Look! There ________ so many teenagers ________ photos in the park. —Yes. They are all excited about the spring outing. A. are; taking B. is; taking C. are; take D. is; take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--看！公园里有很多青少年正在拍照。--是的。他们都对春游感到兴奋。第一空，there be句型中be动词的形式由主语决定，主语so many teenagers为复数，故用are；第二空，根据Look!可知动作正在发生，there be sb. doing sth.意为“有某人正在做某事”，故用taking。 二、单词拼写 1.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)The more you ________(share), the more you get. 【答案】share 【详解】句意：你分享得越多，收获就越多。 句子为“the more...the more...”固定句式，get提示前后分句时态为一般现在时，主语you是第二人称，后面的谓语动词使用原形，share意为“分享”，此处直接用原形即可。 2.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Neither he nor I ________(be) interested in this movie. 【答案】am 【详解】句意：他和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。根据“Neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，即与最靠近的主语保持一致。最靠近的主语是I，be动词用am。 3.(2026年甘肃省临夏州康乐县等校高中招生学业水平考试评估试卷英语)Not only the young but also the old ________(like) playing basketball today. 【答案】like 【详解】句意：如今不仅年轻人而且老年人都喜欢打篮球。not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，the old表示一类人，视为复数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 4.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Jenny along with her friends ________(have) a good time at the party now. 【答案】is having 【详解】句意：珍妮和她的朋友们现在正在派对上玩得很开心。句中“now”为现在进行时的时间标志，提示动作正在发生，应用现在进行时；along with连接主语时谓语动词遵循就远原则，与前面的第三人称单数主语Jenny保持一致，be动词用is，have的现在分词形式为having。 5.(2026·甘肃张掖·三模)Miss Li ________(encourage) us to share some learning methods with others in class meeting. 【答案】encourages 【详解】句意：李老师鼓励我们在班会上与其他人分享一些学习方法。句子是一般现在时，主语“Miss Li”是第三人称，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，结合所给单词，填encourages符合语法。 6.(2026·甘肃武威·三模)A number of ________(visit) from all over the country come here to plant trees every year. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意：每年都有许多来自全国各地的游客来这里植树。括号内的visit是动词，意为“参观、访问”。根据句子语境，此处需要表示“人”的名词，即“游客”，对应的名词形式是visitor。a number of意为“许多、大量”，后面必须接可数名词复数，因此visitor需要变为复数形式visitors。 7.(2026·江苏扬州·三模)Not only Andrew but also Judy and I ________(be) crazy about DIY. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：不但安德鲁，我和朱迪也痴迷手工制作。 not only… but also…谓语动词遵循“就近”原则，由靠近谓语的主语决定单复数。 本句中靠近be动词的主语是Judy and I(朱迪和我，两个人，复数)，句子描述爱好用一般现在时，因此be动词用复数形式are。 8.(2026·甘肃武威·模拟预测)Geese ________(fly) to the south in autumn. 【答案】fly 【详解】句意：秋天，大雁会飞往南方。句子描述客观存在的自然规律，用一般现在时，主语Geese是复数形式，动词用原形fly。 9.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)My father was reading books while my mother ________(cook) breakfast. 【答案】was cooking 【详解】句意：我爸爸在看书的时候，我妈妈正在做早餐。句中while引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作在过去同一时间同时进行，主句 “My father was reading books” 为过去进行时，从句也应使用过去进行时；主语“my mother”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，cook变为现在分词cooking。 10.(2026·江苏无锡·三模)I ________(discuss) the activity plan with my teammates when our teacher walked into the classroom. 【答案】was discussing 【详解】句意：当老师走进教室时，我正在和队友们讨论活动计划。提到“when our teacher walked into the classroom”，此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，需用过去进行时(was/were doing)；主语“I”是第一人称单数，be动词用was。故填was discussing。 11.(2026·江苏南京·三模)The final round of the competition will be ________(hold) next Saturday afternoon. 【答案】held 【详解】句意：比赛的最后一轮将于下周六下午举办。hold“举办、举行”，句中主语“The final round of the competition”和动词hold是被动关系，且句中出现“will be”的将来时被动结构框架，hold的过去分词形式是held，意为“被举办”。 12.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)The room is ________(clean) by my brother every day. 【答案】cleaned 【详解】句意：房间每天被我哥哥打扫。主语“The room”与动词“clean”之间为被动关系，时间状语“every day”提示用一般现在时被动语态“is cleaned”，填cleaned。 13.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)It’s ________(say) that the pianist will come to our city next week. 【答案】said 【详解】句意：据说这位钢琴家下周会来到我们城市。固定句型it’s said that，意为“据说……”，say的过去分词是said。 14.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Beautiful things in the world can’t be seen easily. They must be ________(feel) with heart. 【答案】felt 【详解】句意：世间美好的事物不容易被看见。它们必须用心去感受。句子为含情态动词的被动语态，结构是“must be+动词过去分词”，feel的过去分词是felt。 15.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Many trees ________(plant) every year. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：每年都有许多树木被种植。根据主语“Many trees”与动词“plant”的关系可知，树木是被种植的，主语与动词之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态。结合时间状语“every year”可知，本句叙述经常性、习惯性的动作，时态为一般现在时，因此空处需填入一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”。由于主语“Many trees”为复数名词，系动词需用are，动词“plant”的过去分词为planted。 16.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Circle dances(锅庄舞) ________(perform) by many people during festivals in Xizang. 【答案】are performed 【详解】句意：在西藏的节日期间，锅庄舞会被许多人跳。主语“Circle dances”是动作“perform”的承受者，要用被动语态；描述节日里的常态活动，要用一般现在时，主语又是复数形式，所以被动结构就用“are performed”。 17.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)English ________(teach) in most middle schools in our country. 【答案】is taught 【详解】句意：我国大多数中学都教授英语。句子主语English(英语)是“被教授”的对象，需要使用被动语态；句子描述的是我国中学的普遍现状，属于客观事实，要用一般现在时；一般现在时被动语态结构为“be动词+过去分词”，主语English是第三人称单数，be动词用is，teach的过去分词是taught，故填is taught。 18.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)I think my problem must _________(solve) with your help. 【答案】be solved 【详解】句意：我认为我的问题必须在你的帮助下解决。主语“my problem”与“solve”之间为被动关系，must为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填be solved。 19.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)The pictures _______(take) when he took a trip to Mount Tai. 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片是他去泰山旅行时拍的。从句“took”为一般过去时，则主句用一般过去时；照片是“被拍摄”的，用一般过去时的被动语态be done，主语“pictures”是复数，be动词用were，take的过去分词为taken。 20.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)This kind of computer ________(sell) well. They were sold out soon. 【答案】sells 【详解】句意：这款电脑卖得很好。它们很快就被卖完了。当动词sell描述事物本身的属性时，习惯用主动形式表达被动含义；“this kind of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词和核心名词“kind”保持一致，因此要用动词第三人称单数形式；此处“卖得好”是这类电脑的一般性特点，用一般现在时，所以填sells。 21.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)The great physicist, Professor Chen-Ning Yang, ________(pass) away in 2025. 【答案】passed 【详解】句意：伟大的物理学家杨振宁教授于2025年逝世。句中时间状语“in 2025”为过去时间，谓语动词需使用过去式，pass的过去式为passed。应填passed。 22.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Mr. Deji ________ (teach) in the school for ten years. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：德吉先生在这所学校教书已有十年了。“for ten years”表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。主语Mr. Deji为第三人称单数，助动词用has，teach的过去分词为taught。 23.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Listen! Someone ________(sing) in the next room. It sounds very beautiful. 【答案】is singing 【详解】句意：听！有人在隔壁房间唱歌。听起来很美。根据“Listen!”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，应使用现在进行时，其结构为be+doing。主语“Someone”为不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式is，sing的现在分词为singing。 24.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)When I called him, he ________(watch) TV. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：我打电话给他时，他正在看电视。when引导的时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示过去某一时间点正在做某事，结构为was/were doing，he作主语，be动词用was，watch的现在分词为watching。 25.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)Not only his sister but also he ________(study) hard at English every day. 【答案】studies 【详解】句意：不仅他姐姐，而且他每天都努力学习英语。此处考查“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时的主谓一致规则，谓语动词的单复数应与最近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。本句中离谓语最近的主语是he，为第三人称单数，且时间状语“every day”表示习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，因此动词study应变为第三人称单数形式studies。 26.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)My uncle ________(visit) the Potala Palace with his friends last year. 【答案】visited 【详解】句意：我的叔叔去年和他的朋友们一起参观了布达拉宫。句中的时间状语是last year(去年)，表示过去的时间，所以句子的谓语动词要用过去式。visit的过去式是visited。 27.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)His life _________(change) a lot in the last ten years. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意：在过去十年里，他的生活改变了很多。时间状语in the last ten years是现在完成时标志性短语，动词用现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词；主语life是单数，助动词用has；change的过去分词为changed。 28.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)My grandpa used _______(be) a chemistry teacher when he was at work. 【答案】to be 【详解】句意：我爷爷工作时曾是一名化学老师。根据“a chemistry teacher when he was at work.”可知爷爷过去是化学老师，used to do sth.“过去常常 / 曾经……(现在已经不这样了)”，to后接动词原形be，used to be“曾经是”，用来描述过去的身份、状态，故填to be。 29.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)She won’t be happy if she ________(see) this mess in the living room. 【答案】sees 【详解】句意：如果她看到客厅这么乱，她不会高兴的。主句为一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来。主语she为第三人称单数，see应用sees，在句中作谓语。 30.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)He used ________(walk) to work. But now he is used to driving to work. 【答案】to walk 【详解】句意：他过去常常走路去上班。但是现在他习惯开车去上班。固定结构used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事，此处应用不定式，即to walk。 三、完成句子 1.(2026·天津河东·二模)我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以实现。 I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will ________ ________. 【答案】come true 【详解】原句中“实现”是关键词，“实现”对应的英文短语是come true，这是一个不及物动词短语，没有被动形式，通常用来表示梦想、愿望等的实现；该短语位于助动词will之后，使用动词原形即可，所以两个空分别填写come和true。 2.(2026·天津河东·二模)当你下公共汽车时要小心。 Be careful when you ________ ________ the bus. 【答案】get off 【详解】原句中的“下车”是关键词，对应的英语表达是get off ，when引导时间状语从句，从句通常用一般现在时来表示建议或常态，从句主语是you，谓语动词应用原形get。 3.(2026·天津河东·二模)快点！你妈妈正在等你。 Hurry up! Your mother is ________ ________ you. 【答案】waiting for 【详解】原句中“正在等”是关键词，由“正在”可知句子时态为现在进行时，结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”，空格前已给出be动词is，表示“等”的英文单词是wait，其现在分词为waiting；wait是不及物动词，后接宾语时必须加介词for，构成短语wait for sb.，意为“等待某人”。 4.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)这张照片让他想起他的奶奶。 This photo ________ him ________ his grandmother. 【答案】reminds; of 【详解】原句中“使某人想起……”是固定搭配remind sb. of sth.；主语this photo为单数名词，一般现在时谓语动词使用三单形式reminds。故填reminds；of。 5.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)我的爷爷习惯早起。 My grandpa’s ________ ________ getting up early. 【答案】used to 【详解】原句中“习惯”是关键词，表示“习惯做某事”的短语是be used to doing sth。本句主语My grandpa为第三人称单数，grandpa’s是grandpa is的缩写，故填used；to。 6.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)我警告你，如果你再这样干，我们就要处分你了。 I ________ you if you do that again, we’ll ________ you. 【答案】warn; punish 【详解】原句中“警告”和“处分”是关键词，“警告”对应的英文动词是warn；“处分”在此处意为惩罚，对应的英文动词是punish。第一空：主语是I，陈述当前的警告事实，使用一般现在时，动词用原形warn。第二空：空前是We’ll，will表示将来时，后面必须接动词原形punish。 7.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)因为大雨，运动会被推迟到下周一。 The sports meeting was ________ ________ until next Monday because of the heavy rain. 【答案】put off 【详解】原句关键词为“推迟”，用“put off”表示。主语“sports meeting”与“put off”之间为被动关系，题干中已给出was，提示动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时被动语态。 8.(2026·广东广州·二模)七岁时，大卫和他的父母被接受参加家庭太空营。 At the age of seven, David and his parents ________ ________ to take part in a Family Space Camp. 【答案】were accepted 【详解】原句中“被接受”是关键词，表明主语与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；表示“接受”用动词accept，时间状语“At the age of seven”说明句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态(be+过去分词)，主语“David and his parents”是复数，因此be动词选用were，动词accept的过去分词为accepted。 9.(2026·广东广州·二模)在那天，我的所有家庭成员和亲戚都被邀请参加了这场运动会。 On that day, all of my family and relatives ________ ________ to join the sports meet. 【答案】were invited 【详解】原句中“被邀请”是关键词，表示“邀请”的英文是invite，句子时间状语“On that day”表明句子为一般过去时；主语“all of my family and relatives”是复数，主语和invite之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“were/was + 过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，invite的过去分词是invited。 10.(2026·广东广州·二模)昨天，我们绘制了思维导图来帮助记新单词。 Mind maps ________ ________ to help us remember new words yesterday. 【答案】were drawn/made/created/designed 【详解】原句中“绘制”是关键词，表示“绘制”的词有draw/make/create/design。根据句末的时间状语“yesterday”，句子应用一般过去时。主语“Mind maps”是动词“绘制”的承受者，因此需用被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”，且主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were；drawn/made/created/designed。 11.(2026·广东广州·二模)我们学校社团最近举办了一场环保宣传周活动，教学楼里张贴了许多精美的海报。 Our school club recently held an Environmental Awareness Week, and many beautiful posters ________ ________ ________ in the teaching building. 【答案】were put up 【详解】原句的关键词是“张贴”。表示“张贴”的动词短语是put up，而主语“posters”与动词“put up”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由“held”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”，主语“posters”是复数，be动词应用were，put的过去分词还是put，故填were；put；up。 12.(2026·甘肃陇南·二模)近年来，电动汽车的数量越来越多了。 In recent years, the ________ ________ electric cars is getting larger and larger. 【答案】number of 【详解】原句中“……的数量”为关键词，the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 13.(2026·江苏淮安·二模)毫无疑问，中国在高铁技术方面处于世界领先地位。   There is no doubt that China ________ the world in high-speed rail technology. 【答案】leads/is leading/takes the lead in/is taking the lead in/is ahead of 【详解】原句中“处于领先地位”是关键词。表示“处于领先地位”的单词和短语是lead/take the lead in/be ahead of。如果句子强调事实，应用一般现在时，主语China是第三人称单数，所以此处可填leads；如果句子强调现在的情况，应用现在进行时，其谓语结构为“be+doing”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用is，所以此处也可填is leading；同理，此处也可填takes the lead in/is taking the lead in/is ahead of。 14.(2026·贵州遵义·二模)污染不仅伤害了我们的健康，而且破坏了大自然的平衡。 Pollution ________________ harms our health, but also destroys the balance of nature. 【答案】not only 【详解】原句中“不仅”是关键词，固定搭配“not only...but also...”表示“不仅……而且……”，句子后半部分已经给出了“but also”，因此前半部分的两个空缺处应填入“not only”以构成完整结构，符合语法和语境。 15.(2026·贵州贵阳·一模)校园里原本有一块空地，后来被改造成了耕读园。 ________ ________ an open space on campus, and it was turned into Gengdu Garden later. 【答案】There was 【详解】原句中“原本有”是关键词，“原本有”表示某地存在某物，应该使用“There be”句型。结合后半句“it was turned into”使用了一般过去时，且“原本”暗示过去的状态，因此be动词需要用过去式。因为空格后的主语“an open space”是单数名词，所以be动词应该用was。 16.(2026·江苏连云港·二模)Your spoken English won’t improve ________ you ________ attention to your pronunciation. 除非你注意你的发音，否则你的英语口语不会提高。 【答案】unless; pay 【详解】原句中的“除非”和“注意”是关键词，表示“除非”用unless，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，表示“注意”用pay attention to，主语you是第二人称，谓语用动词原形。 ( 1 / 21 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法清单03 初高中衔接语法复习清单(动词时态语态和主谓一致) 01 重点速记—语法清单(动词时态语态和主谓一致) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 语法清单 考点 初中阶段 高中阶段 动词时态语态 要求学生主要掌握一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时的基本用法，及其对应的被动语态。 除了上述用法，还要求掌握现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时等用法；某些短暂性动词用现在进行时表示将来；在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时或者现在完成时表示将来等。时态和语态的考查以语法填空为主，解题时侧重时间标志与语境的理解。 主谓一致 要求学生主要掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。 除了上述用法，还要求掌握“就远原则”，以及主谓一致的特殊用法，比如：定语从句中的主谓一致(定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致)，the one/the only one+定语从句等。 重点一 动词时态语态 考点一 一般现在时 用法 例句 表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为或永恒的真理、客观事实。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If you are free this Sunday, well go for a picnic. 如果你这周日有空，我们将去野餐。 考点二 一般过去时 用法 例句 表示在过去某时发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去一段时间内习惯性、经常性的动作。 I graduated from No. 2 Middle School three years ago. 三年前我从第二中学毕业。 表示一系列发生在过去的动作，尽管动作有先后，但是都用过去时，且在最后两个动词之间用and连接。 He took his bag, closed the door and left the room. 他拿起包，关上门，离开了房间。 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来。 He would give the letter to her as soon as she came back. 她一回来他就会把信给她。 考点三 一般将来时(表示未来的动作或存在的状态) 用法 例句 “shall/will+动词原形”表示将来，其动作可能发生在将来任何时刻。其中，shall仅用于第一人称，will用于所有人称。 I shall fell you a story about four little rabbits. 我将给你讲个关于4只小兔子的故事。 There will be a rock concert at the weekend. 周末将有一场摇滚音乐会。 “be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事，也可用于表示有迹象表明将要发生某事。 I'm going to meet Mr Smith at the airport at 8 :00 tonight. 今晚八点我将去机场接史密斯先生。 Look at the cloud. It's going to rain. 看看云！天要下雨了。 某些短暂性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的事情，如:come, go, leave, arrive, start, stay, move等。 She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天要动身去上海。 How long are you staying in Beijing? 你在北京将待多长时间？ 按时间表即将发生的事情多用一般现在时，且句中常有时间状语。 Go aboard, please. The ship leaves at 4:00. 快点上船。轮船四点就要开了。 注意：be going to侧重于“已计划过或思考过的意图或打算”，而will可表示“临时的决定”。 I am going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考) I will answer the door. 我去开门。(临时的决定) 考点四 现在进行时 用法 例句 表示说话时正在进行的动作。 Look, they are playing football. 看,他们正在踢足球。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，或表示正在发展变化的情况。 The population of the world is increasing. 世界人口正在不断增长。 Don’t make noise. The baby is falling asleep. 别出声。孩子就要睡着了。 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please. 如果他来时我正在睡觉，请叫醒我。 与always, all the time, constantly, forever等连用，表达说话人的赞赏、责备、厌恶等情感。 He's always thinking of others. 他总是想着他人。 注意：一些表示感觉、愿望和状态的动词，一般不用于进行时，如:be, love, hate, like, want, need, prefer, wish, know, believe, feel, remain, look(看起来), see, seem, fit, find, hear, allow, prove, sound, taste, desire等。 考点五 过去进行时 用法 例句 表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。 At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾去露营的东西。 come, go, leave, start, move等终止性动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 She said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 她说火车第二天早上 6.点出发。 考点六 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。 We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们过去从没想过约翰会成为一名医生。 考点七 现在完成时 用法 例句 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常与already, just, yet, never, before等时间状语连用。 He has never recovered from the shock of his brother's death. 他从未从他哥哥去世的打击中恢复过来。 表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。常与 for, since, up to now, recently, so far, over/during/in the past/last... years/days, for a long time等表示一段时间的状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last year. 他的第一部小说自从去年出版后就广受好评。 【易混辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 --Where have you put the reorder? I can't see it anywhere. 你把录音机放在哪里了？我到处找不到它。 --I put it right here. But now it's gone. 我把它就放在这儿。但是现在它不见了。 注意：问句中用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；答句用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。 考点八 过去完成时 用法 例句 过去完成时表示在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。 He said that he had been abroad for three years, 他说他在国外待了3年。 表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，而且还可能继续下去的动作。常与by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 2000. 他说自从2000年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 考点九 被动语态(助动词be+及物动词的过去分词) 用法 例句 强调动作的承受者或淡化动作的执行者。 All the rooms are cleaned regularly. 所有的房间都定期打扫。 I don't know when the book will be published. 我不知道这本书什么时候出版。 接双宾语的动词，如give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, send, bring, promise等，变为被动语态时，宾语成主语；间接宾语前加介词to或for。 His teacher gave him a dictionary. →He was given a dictionary by his teacher. →A dictionary was given to him by his teacher. 老师给了他一本字典。 动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 The doctor was sent for immediately. 马上派人去请医生。 重点二 主谓一致 考点一 语法一致原则 用法 例句 主语是单数形式，谓语动词一般采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式。不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 To read English aloud every day does you a lot of good. 每天朗读英语对你好处多多。 由连词and或both... and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam. 汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。 主语后有with, together with, like, but, as well as, except, including, Father than, besides等连接的词或短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 那位老师和一些学生正在参观工厂。 “either/neither/each/every/no+单数名词”和由some/any/no/every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and girl in Britain has read it. 英国的每个男孩和女孩都读过它。 考点二 意义一致原则 用法 例句 在含有代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的句中，谓语动词的单复数形式由其指代的词的单复数决定。 All is right. 一切顺利。(all指物,谓语用单数形式) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。(all指人,谓语用复数形式) 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等名词作主语时，如果被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 200 dollars was a big sum at that time. 两百美元在当时是很大的一笔钱。 由“plenty of/half of/a lot of/lots of/ the rest of/ the majority of+名词”和“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面名词的数决定。 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 per cent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 集体名词family, class, crowd, team, government, company, group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体) 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。 Our class are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体) 我们班的学生们正在等他回国。 考点三 就近一致原则 用法 例句 在正式的文体中，由not only... but also..., neither...or.., either… or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come. 学生和老师都没来。 There be句型中，谓语动词与be后面的第一个主语保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and a book on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。 一. 单项选择 1.(2026·天津河东·二模)On Christmas Eve, I opened the window, only to find that it ________ and the snow began to pile up slowly. A. snowed B. was snowing C. will snow D. snows 2.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)To improve his speaking skills, Wang Ming ________ English every day. A. practice speaking B. practice to speak C. practices speaking D. practices to speak 3.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)If it ________ tomorrow, we will have a school trip in the mountains. A. rains B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D. won’t rain 4.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)By the time we arrived, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A. has started B. had started C. has been on D. had been on 5.(2026·福建泉州·一模)I ________ to Xiamen twice. It’s really a beautiful coastal city. A. have been B. have gone C. went 6.(2026·福建泉州·一模)Look! The children ________ kites happily on the beach. A. fly B. are flying C. flew 7.(2026·江西宜春·模拟预测)—Emma, can you help me? —Sorry, I ________ homework. A. did B. will do C. am doing D. was doing 8.(2026·安徽阜阳·模拟预测)Many Chinese scientists ________ great efforts to develop space technology in the past few years. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 9.(2026·天津津南·三模)—Have you ever ________ an amusement park? —Yes, I have. I ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year. A. been to; have gone to B. been to; went to C. go to; went to D. gone to; have been to 10.(2026·天津津南·三模)I don’t know when the meeting ________. When the meeting ________, I will call you. A. will end; ends B. will end; will end C. ends; ends D. ends; will end 11.(2026·北京·三模)He ________ basketball every weekend. A. plays B. has played C. played D. is playing 12.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)When ________ the telephone ________  ? A. did; invent B. was; inventing C. was; invented D. did; invented 13.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)—Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A. haven’t invited B. didn’t invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited 14.(2026·北京·模拟预测)These bottles _______ to make new products. It is a good way to reuse waste. A. recycle B. recycled C. are recycled D. is recycled 15.(甘肃临夏回族自治州部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(一)英语)—There’s going to ________ an English evening tonight. Would you like to go with us? —I’d love to. A. have B. has C. is D. be 16.(2026·吉林·模拟预测)The number of the volunteers in our city ________ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ________ teachers and students. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is 一、单项选择 1.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go hiking in the mountains. A. doesn’t rain B. didn’t rain C. won’t rain D. hasn’t rained 2.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)I ________ get up late, but now I ________ getting up early. A. used to; am used to B. am used to; used to C. used to; used to D. am used to; am used to 3.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)My family ________ in Lhasa for over twenty years. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is living 4.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A. There will be B. There is going to have C. There is D. There are 5.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)There ________ a football match between our school and No.2 Middle School tomorrow. A. is going to be B. was C. is D. will have 6.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)We ________ to visit the Potala Palace last summer vacation. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 7.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)—Could you tell me ________ you will come to the party tomorrow? —I’m not sure. If I ________ free, I will go. A. if; am B. that; am C. if; will be D. that; will be 8.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)They ________ in Tibet for five years and they love the local people very much. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 9.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)We don’t know ________. It is said that she would come tomorrow. A. how she will come B. when she came C. when she will come D. when she comes 10.(2026·福建泉州·一模)The 21st Sports Meeting of Fujian Province ________ in Zhangzhou in 2025. A. holds B. held C. was held 11.(2026·江西宜春·模拟预测)Usually, people ________ to give a general self-introduction in a job interview. A. require B. are required C. required D. were required 12.(2026·江苏连云港·二模)—Have you heard of the 2026 Humanoid Robot Half Marathon (马拉松)? —Yes. It ________ in Beijing on April 19th, 2026 and attracted lots of visitors. A. is held B. held C. was held D. has been held 13.(2026·吉林松原·模拟预测)That library ________ ten years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built 14.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)English ________ widely in many schools in Xi Zang now. A. teaches B. taught C. is taught D. was taught 15.(2026·海南·模拟预测)A lot of knowledge ________ by us in the past three years. A. learn B. learned C. has been learned 16.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(四)英语)Which sentence has the same meaning as “She gave me a book.”? A. I gave her a book. B. I was given a book by her. C. A book was given to me by her. D. B and C. 17.(2026·海南海口·二模)The competition is going to ________ on July 14th. A. hold B. is held C. be held 18.(2026·海南海口·模拟预测)After that, I ________ to take part in more school activities. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. was encouraged 19.(2026·吉林长春·模拟预测)The birthday cake for my mom ________ by myself this year. A. makes B. made C. was made D. is making 20.(2026·北京·三模)The old bridge ________ hundreds of years ago. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 21.(2026·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)“Respecting the elderly is a traditional Chinese virtue(美德)” means the old people should ________ by us. A. be take good care of B. take good care of C. be taken good care of 22.(2026·海南·三模)In the farm, Jeff finds that litchis ________ by hand. A. picked B. are picked C. are picking 23.(2026·甘肃武威·三模)—The injured bird ________ by the kind students in our class. —They are such good examples for us to learn from. A. look after B. looked after C. is looking after D. is looked after 24.(2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)—Where’s your sister? She ________ on the phone. —Sorry, she went to Shanghai yesterday. A. wants B. wanted C. is wanted 25.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)Not only my brother but also I ________ good at painting. A. is B. am C. are D. be 26.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)—A number of young people ________ volunteering to teach in China. —Yes, the number of them ________ getting bigger and bigger. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 27.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in Tibetan folk music. A. am B. is C. are D. be 28.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)There ________ a concert the day after tomorrow. Would you like to come? A. is B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have 29.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)Bottles ________ glass. A. is made of B. are made of C. is made from D. are made from 30.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)—Look! There ________ so many teenagers ________ photos in the park. —Yes. They are all excited about the spring outing. A. are; taking B. is; taking C. are; take D. is; take 二、单词拼写 1.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)The more you ________(share), the more you get. 2.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Neither he nor I ________(be) interested in this movie. 3.(2026年甘肃省临夏州康乐县等校高中招生学业水平考试评估试卷英语)Not only the young but also the old ________(like) playing basketball today. 4.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Jenny along with her friends ________(have) a good time at the party now. 5.(2026·甘肃张掖·三模)Miss Li ________(encourage) us to share some learning methods with others in class meeting. 6.(2026·甘肃武威·三模)A number of ________(visit) from all over the country come here to plant trees every year. 7.(2026·江苏扬州·三模)Not only Andrew but also Judy and I ________(be) crazy about DIY. 8.(2026·甘肃武威·模拟预测)Geese ________(fly) to the south in autumn. 9.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)My father was reading books while my mother ________(cook) breakfast. 10.(2026·江苏无锡·三模)I ________(discuss) the activity plan with my teammates when our teacher walked into the classroom. 11.(2026·江苏南京·三模)The final round of the competition will be ________(hold) next Saturday afternoon. 12.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)The room is ________(clean) by my brother every day. 13.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)It’s ________(say) that the pianist will come to our city next week. 14.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Beautiful things in the world can’t be seen easily. They must be ________(feel) with heart. 构是“must be+动词过去分词”，feel的过去分词是felt。 15.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Many trees ________(plant) every year. 16.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Circle dances(锅庄舞) ________(perform) by many people during festivals in Xizang. 17.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)English ________(teach) in most middle schools in our country. 18.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)I think my problem must _________(solve) with your help. 19.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)The pictures _______(take) when he took a trip to Mount Tai. 20.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)This kind of computer ________(sell) well. They were sold out soon. 21.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)The great physicist, Professor Chen-Ning Yang, ________(pass) away in 2025. 22.(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)Mr. Deji ________ (teach) in the school for ten years. 23.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)Listen! Someone ________(sing) in the next room. It sounds very beautiful. 24.(2026·西藏·模拟预测)When I called him, he ________(watch) TV. 25.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)Not only his sister but also he ________(study) hard at English every day. 26.(2026·西藏林芝·二模)My uncle ________(visit) the Potala Palace with his friends last year. 27.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)His life _________(change) a lot in the last ten years. 28.(甘肃省临夏广河县2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)My grandpa used _______(be) a chemistry teacher when he was at work. 29.(甘肃省临夏广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷英语)She won’t be happy if she ________(see) this mess in the living room. 30.(甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县部分校2026年初中学业水平考试标准检测试卷(六)英语)He used ________(walk) to work. But now he is used to driving to work. 三、完成句子 1.(2026·天津河东·二模)我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以实现。 I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will ________ ________. 2.(2026·天津河东·二模)当你下公共汽车时要小心。 Be careful when you ________ ________ the bus. 3.(2026·天津河东·二模)快点！你妈妈正在等你。 Hurry up! Your mother is ________ ________ you. 4.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)这张照片让他想起他的奶奶。 This photo ________ him ________ his grandmother. 5.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)我的爷爷习惯早起。 My grandpa’s ________ ________ getting up early. 6.(2026·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)我警告你，如果你再这样干，我们就要处分你了。 I ________ you if you do that again, we’ll ________ you. 7.(2026·甘肃·模拟预测)因为大雨，运动会被推迟到下周一。 The sports meeting was ________ ________ until next Monday because of the heavy rain. 8.(2026·广东广州·二模)七岁时，大卫和他的父母被接受参加家庭太空营。 At the age of seven, David and his parents ________ ________ to take part in a Family Space Camp. 9.(2026·广东广州·二模)在那天，我的所有家庭成员和亲戚都被邀请参加了这场运动会。 On that day, all of my family and relatives ________ ________ to join the sports meet. 10.(2026·广东广州·二模)昨天，我们绘制了思维导图来帮助记新单词。 Mind maps ________ ________ to help us remember new words yesterday. 11.(2026·广东广州·二模)我们学校社团最近举办了一场环保宣传周活动，教学楼里张贴了许多精美的海报。 Our school club recently held an Environmental Awareness Week, and many beautiful posters ________ ________ ________ in the teaching building. 12.(2026·甘肃陇南·二模)近年来，电动汽车的数量越来越多了。 In recent years, the ________ ________ electric cars is getting larger and larger. 13.(2026·江苏淮安·二模)毫无疑问，中国在高铁技术方面处于世界领先地位。   There is no doubt that China ________ the world in high-speed rail technology. 14.(2026·贵州遵义·二模)污染不仅伤害了我们的健康，而且破坏了大自然的平衡。 Pollution ________________ harms our health, but also destroys the balance of nature. 15.(2026·贵州贵阳·一模)校园里原本有一块空地，后来被改造成了耕读园。 ________ ________ an open space on campus, and it was turned into Gengdu Garden later. 16.(2026·江苏连云港·二模)Your spoken English won’t improve ________ you ________ attention to your pronunciation. 除非你注意你的发音，否则你的英语口语不会提高。 ( 11 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $