Unit 2 We’re family.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

2026-08-31
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摘要:

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理人教版七上Unit 2语法内容,涵盖一般现在时实义动词(四种基本句式、三单变化规则、特殊疑问句及与be动词对比)和名词所有格('s所有格、of所有格及特殊用法)两大核心范畴,为学生搭建从基础规则到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“句式总表+规则表+典型例题+分层演练”构建完整知识体系,如三单变化规则表分类列举构成方法与例词,“易错警示”标注助动词后动词原形等关键要点,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套四大题型练习及详细解析,不同水平学生可高效巩固,教师可直接用于语法教学与学情检测,提升教学实效。

内容正文:

人教版七上 Unit 2 We’re family.语法精讲精练 —— 一般现在时实义动词与名词所有格 —— 使用说明 本讲义是七年级英语的基础夯实专题,与《be 动词与人称代词、物主代词》配套使用。第一板块系统讲解一般现在时中实义动词的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答,重点突破第三人称单数谓语动词的变化规则和助动词 do/does 的用法;第二板块讲解名词所有格,包括有生命名词的 's 所有格、无生命名词的 of 所有格及特殊用法。讲义配套句式总表、变化规则表、典型例题与分层演练,帮助初学者打牢一般现在时和名词所有格的根基。练习题涵盖单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、完成句子四大题型,答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一板块 一般现在时中的实义动词 一、四种基本句式(以 like apples 为例) 含有实义动词的一般现在时,其否定句和疑问句要借助助动词 do/does 构成。主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词)时用 does,其余人称用 do;助动词后动词一律用原形。 (一)肯定式 主语人称 肯定句结构 例句 I I + 动词原形 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 You You + 动词原形 You like apples. 你喜欢苹果。 He/She/It He/She/It + 动词第三人称单数 He/She likes apples. 他/她喜欢苹果。 We/You/They We/You/They + 动词原形 We/You/They like apples. 我们/你们/他们喜欢苹果。 (二)否定式:借助 don't / doesn't 主语人称 否定句结构 例句 I / You / We / They 主语 + don't + 动词原形 I do not like apples. / They do not like apples. He / She / It 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 He/She does not like apples. I don't like bananas. 我不喜欢香蕉。 She doesn't like coffee. 她不喜欢咖啡。 【易错警示】doesn't 后面的动词必须还原为原形。如不能说 *He doesn't likes apples.,必须说 He doesn't like apples. (三)疑问式及简略回答 主语人称 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 I Do I like apples? Yes, you do. No, you do not (don't). you Do you like apples? Yes, I do. No, I do not (don't). he/she/it Does he/she like apples? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she does not (doesn't). we Do we like apples? Yes, we/you do. No, we/you don't. they Do they like apples? Yes, they do. No, they don't. —Do you like English? —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. ——你喜欢英语吗?——是的。/ 不喜欢。 —Does she play the piano? —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ——她弹钢琴吗?——是的。/ 不弹。 【易错警示】用 Do/Does 提问,就用 do/does 回答,不能用 be 动词回答。如不能说 *Yes, I am.,应说 Yes, I do. 二、第三人称单数动词变化规则 当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it、单数名词、不定代词等)时,谓语动词要变为第三人称单数形式,变化规则如下: 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加 -s help → helps;like → likes;run → runs;play → plays 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 加 -es guess → guesses;fix → fixes;teach → teaches;finish → finishes;watch → watches 以辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i,再加 -es study → studies;fly → flies;carry → carries 特殊变化 不规则 have → has;be → is 以 o 结尾 加 -es go → goes;do → does 【注】以元音字母 + y 结尾的动词直接加 -s,如 play → plays, buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys(元音字母为 a/e/i/o/u)。 三、特殊疑问句 实义动词的特殊疑问句结构为「特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?」。 What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么? Where does he come from? 他来自哪里? How do they go to school? 他们怎么去上学? 四、be 动词句与实义动词句对比 句式 be 动词句(am/is/are) 实义动词句(do/does) 肯定句 He is a student. He likes music. 否定句 He isn't a student. He doesn't like music. 一般疑问句 Is he a student? Does he like music? 简略回答 Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 【易错警示】一个简单句中不能同时出现 be 动词和实义动词原形。如不能说 *He is like music.,应说 He likes music.;不能说 *Are you like English?,应说 Do you like English? 第二板块 名词所有格 一、名词所有格的含义与分类 名词所有格表示名词与名词之间的所属关系(「……的」),英语中主要有两种形式:表示有生命的东西的从属关系一般用 's 所有格;表示无生命的东西的从属关系一般用 of 所有格。 二、's 所有格(有生命名词) (一)单数名词加 's Bob's football 鲍勃的足球 the teacher's desk 老师的讲桌 The girl's name is Alice. 这个女孩的名字叫艾丽斯。 Those dictionaries are Bob's. 那些词典是鲍勃的。 (二)复数名词的所有格 复数名词类型 构成方法 例词 / 例句 不以 -s 结尾的复数名词 加 's Children's Day 儿童节;Children's Day is on June 1st. 儿童节在6月1日。;men's room 男厕所;Women's Day 妇女节 以 -s 结尾的复数名词 只加撇号 ' my parents' book 我父母的书;These are the students' books. 这些是学生们的书;the teachers' office 教师办公室 【易错警示】区别:单数名词所有格 the student's book(这个学生的书);复数以s结尾所有格 the students' books(学生们的书)。撇号位置不同,含义不同。 (三)'s 所有格的其他用法 1. 表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命名词,也常用 's 所有格。 today's newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes' walk 步行十分钟的路程 China's capital 中国的首都 2. 两人共同拥有与分别拥有: Lily and Lucy's room 莉莉和露西共同的房间(共住一间,只在最后加 's) Lily's and Lucy's rooms 莉莉和露西各自的房间(分别拥有,两个都加 's) 三、of 所有格(无生命名词) 无生命的东西的从属关系用 of 表示,结构为「the + 名词 + of + 名词」,注意语序与汉语相反。 The name of the book is Journey to the West. 这本书的名字叫《西游记》。 the door of the classroom 教室的门 the legs of the table 桌子的腿 【易错警示】汉语说「A的B」,of 结构要写成「the B of A」,语序相反。如「房间的门」是 the door of the room,不是 *the room's door。 四、两种所有格对比总表 类型 适用对象 结构 例句 's 所有格 有生命名词;时间、距离、国家等 名词 + 's / s'' Tom's bag; today's news of 所有格 无生命名词 the + B + of + A the window of the room 五、典型例题精讲 【例1】My brother ______ football after school every day. A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play 【答案】B 【解析】every day 是一般现在时标志,主语 My brother 是第三人称单数,play 加 -s 为 plays,故选 B。 【例2】—Does she like dancing? —______. A. Yes, she is B. No, she doesn't C. Yes, she does not D. No, she don't 【答案】B 【解析】Does 提问用 does 回答,否定回答为 No, she doesn't,故选 B。 【例3】He ______ TV in the evening. A. don't watch B. doesn't watch C. doesn't watches D. not watch 【答案】B 【解析】he 是第三人称单数,否定用 doesn't + 动词原形 watch,故选 B。 【例4】______ is on June 1st. A. Children Day B. Childrens' Day C. Children's Day D. Child's Day 【答案】C 【解析】children 是不以 -s 结尾的不规则复数名词,所有格加 's,即 Children's Day,故选 C。 【例5】This is ______ bedroom. They are twin sisters and share one room. A. Lily and Lucy's B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy 【答案】A 【解析】由 share one room 可知两人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后加 's,故选 A。 综合演练 一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分) 1. My father ______ to work by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. went 2. —Do you like playing chess? —______. A. Yes, I am B. No, I don't C. Yes, I like D. No, I do 3. She ______ her homework at school. A. don't do B. doesn't does C. doesn't do D. not do 4. Where ______ your pen pal ______ from? A. is; come B. do; come C. does; come D. does; comes 5. My math teacher ______ us very well. A. teach B. teachs C. teaches D. teaching 6. Tom ______ lunch at school from Monday to Friday. A. have B. has C. haves D. having 7. Tomorrow is ______ birthday. A. my mother B. my mothers C. my mother's D. my mothers' 8. This is ______ office. They work in the same office. A. teachers's B. the teachers's C. the teachers' D. teacher's 9. —What ______ he usually ______ on Sunday? —He reads books. A. do; do B. does; do C. does; does D. do; does 10. The boy ______ TV every evening. A. watch B. watchs C. watches D. watching 11. We will have a ______ holiday next month. A. two week B. two weeks C. two week's D. two weeks' 12. ______ sister is a doctor. ______ works in a big hospital. A. His; Her B. Her; She C. She; Her D. Her; Hers 13. The color ______ the desk is brown. A. of B. 's C. for D. in 14. Lucy ______ eggs at all. A. like B. likes C. doesn't like D. don't like 15. These are ______ rooms. They each have their own room. A. Tom and Jerry's B. Tom's and Jerry's C. Tom and Jerry D. Tom's and Jerry 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分) 1. He ______ (get) up at six every morning. 2. My sister ______ (not like) hamburgers. 3. ______ your parents ______ (watch) TV after dinner? 4. The little girl ______ (study) hard at school. 5. Tom ______ (go) to the library twice a week. 6. What time ______ he usually ______ (have) breakfast? 7. They ______ (play) basketball on the playground every Friday. 8. She ______ (do) her homework carefully every day. 9. My brother ______ (fix) bikes on weekends. 10. The earth ______ (go) around the sun. 三、用所给名词的适当所有格形式填空(每小题1分,共10分) 1. This is ______ (Tom) pencil-box. 2. September 10th is ______ (teacher) Day. 3. The ______ (student) classrooms are very clean. (指全体学生) 4. What is ______ (the girl) name? 5. This is ______ (Lucy and Lily) room. They share it. 6. These are ______ (Lucy and Lily) bedrooms. Each has one. 7. The color ______ (the wall) is white. 8. Today is ______ (women) Day. 9. It is about ten ______ (minute) walk from here. 10. ______ (Bob) dictionaries are on the shelf. 四、句型转换(每小题2分,共10分) 1. He likes playing basketball.(改为否定句) He ______ ______ playing basketball. 2. They go to school by bike.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ______ they ______ to school by bike? Yes, ______ ______. 3. She does morning exercises every day.(对划线部分提问:does morning exercises) What ______ she ______ every day? 4. The book's cover is red.(用 of 改写) The ______ ______ ______ ______ is red. 5. Tom has a nice bike.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) ______ Tom ______ a nice bike? No, ______ ______. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】every day 表一般现在时,my father 第三人称单数,go 加 -es 为 goes。 2. 【答案】B 【解析】Do 提问用 do 回答,否定回答 No, I don't。 3. 【答案】C 【解析】she 第三人称单数否定用 doesn't + 动词原形 do(do homework 的 do)。 4. 【答案】C 【解析】your pen pal 第三人称单数,疑问句借助 does,后面动词还原为 come。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】teach 以 ch 结尾,三单加 -es 为 teaches。 6. 【答案】B 【解析】have 的第三人称单数为不规则变化 has。 7. 【答案】C 【解析】单数名词 mother 的所有格加 's,即 my mother's birthday。 8. 【答案】C 【解析】teachers 是以 -s 结尾的复数名词,所有格只加撇号,即 the teachers' office。 9. 【答案】B 【解析】he 第三人称单数疑问句借助 does,后面动词用原形 do。 10. 【答案】C 【解析】watch 以 ch 结尾,三单加 -es 为 watches。 11. 【答案】D 【解析】two weeks 是以 -s 结尾的复数,所有格只加撇号,即 two weeks' holiday。 12. 【答案】B 【解析】第一空后有名词 sister 用 Her;第二空作主语用主格 She。 13. 【答案】A 【解析】desk 是无生命名词,用 of 所有格,the color of the desk。 14. 【答案】C 【解析】Lucy 第三人称单数,at all 常用于否定句,用 doesn't like。 15. 【答案】B 【解析】由 each have their own room 可知分别拥有,两个名词都加 's。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 【答案】gets 【解析】every morning 表一般现在时,he 三单,get 加 -s。 2. 【答案】doesn't like 【解析】my sister 三单否定,用 doesn't + 动词原形。 3. 【答案】Do; watch 【解析】your parents 为复数,疑问句借助 Do,动词用原形 watch。 4. 【答案】studies 【解析】study 以「辅音字母+y」结尾,三单变 y 为 i 加 -es。 5. 【答案】goes 【解析】go 以 o 结尾,三单加 -es 为 goes。 6. 【答案】does; have 【解析】he 三单疑问句借助 does,动词还原为 have。 7. 【答案】play 【解析】they 为复数,一般现在时动词用原形。 8. 【答案】does 【解析】she 三单,do 的三单为 does。 9. 【答案】fixes 【解析】fix 以 x 结尾,三单加 -es 为 fixes。 10. 【答案】goes 【解析】客观真理用一般现在时,the earth 三单,go 变 goes。 三、用所给名词的适当所有格形式填空 1. 【答案】Tom's 【解析】单数名词所有格加 's。 2. 【答案】Teachers' 【解析】Teachers 是以 -s 结尾的复数,所有格只加撇号,节日首字母大写。 3. 【答案】students' 【解析】students 是以 -s 结尾的复数,所有格只加撇号。 4. 【答案】the girl's 【解析】单数名词所有格加 's。 5. 【答案】Lucy and Lily's 【解析】共同拥有只在最后一个名词加 's。 6. 【答案】Lucy's and Lily's 【解析】分别拥有,两个名词都加 's。 7. 【答案】of the wall 【解析】wall 是无生命名词,用 of 所有格。 8. 【答案】Women's 【解析】women 是不规则复数(不以s结尾),所有格加 's。 9. 【答案】minutes' 【解析】ten minutes 是以 -s 结尾的复数,所有格只加撇号。 10. 【答案】Bob's 【解析】单数名词所有格加 's。 四、句型转换 1. 【答案】doesn't like 【解析】he 三单否定借助 doesn't,动词还原为 like。 2. 【答案】Do; go; they do 【解析】they 复数疑问句借助 Do,动词原形 go;肯定回答 Yes, they do。 3. 【答案】does; do 【解析】she 三单疑问句借助 does,动词用原形 do。 4. 【答案】cover of the book 【解析】无生命名词用 of 所有格,语序为 the B of A。 5. 【答案】Does; have; he doesn't 【解析】Tom 三单疑问句借助 Does,has 还原为 have;否定回答 No, he doesn't。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 We’re family.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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Unit 2 We’re family.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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Unit 2 We’re family.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册
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