Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended reading 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

该高中英语课件围绕培根《论友谊》展开，核心讲解友谊的三大益处（抚慰心灵、启迪思维、助力目标）及交友建议。课堂通过词义猜测、主题句分析导入，以词义解析、细节题训练、结构分析为支架，连接阅读技能与概要写作，帮助学生构建知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，如通过“rocky road”词义猜测提升语言理解，结构分析训练逻辑思维，概要写作指导教授学习策略。采用任务型阅读与读写结合方法，学生能提升阅读写作能力，教师可获得系统教学资源。

牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件 Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended reading Page 39-40 Of Friendship 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇改编自英国 17 世纪散文家、科学家、哲学家弗朗西斯 · 培根的散文名篇《论友谊》。全文围绕“亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路”这一中心论点分三个层次展开论述：首先，友谊是一种情感上的需要；其次，友谊可以增进人的智慧；再次，友谊还可帮助你完成一些自己无法做到的事情。文章最后，针对如何正确交友给出相关建议。 【Why】帮助我们领悟友谊对于人生的重要性，从而树立积极健康的友谊观。 【How】本文语篇类型为说理散文，结构清晰，论点明确。作者开篇立意：友谊对于每个人来说都十分重要；接下来，分三个层面论述了“友谊之果”，即友谊的三种功效：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标；最后就如何交友给出忠告来收尾。文中包含大量的说理论证，逻辑性强，语言简约隽永、充满智慧，很多语句可作为名言警句来反思回味。 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. identify the structure of the essay; 2. summarize Bacon’s ideas on friendship; 3. explain the importance of friendship; 4. appreciate the language and understand the meaning of some beautiful sentences. Read the essay and choose the best answer. 1. What does the underlined phrase “rocky road” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The hard journey in life B. The road with many rocks C. The process of self‑reflection D. The escape from our own world 2. What can we learn about the first fruit of friendship? A. True friends will solve all our troubles for us. B. Sharing feelings with close friends brings us comfort. C. We should hide our sadness from our close friends. D. Happiness is less meaningful when shared with friends. 3. Why are friends’ opinions valuable for our decision‑making? A. Friends know our weaknesses better than ourselves. B. Friends always hold one‑sided views on problems. C. Friends can help us avoid one‑sided judgements. D. Friends force us to accept their advice unconditionally. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Tips on how to develop long‑term friendship. B. The three major benefits of true close friendship. C. Differences between friends and ordinary crowds. D. Reasons why people need to stay alone sometimes. 5. Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Hanging out with a large crowd means you have many true friends. B. We can achieve all life goals totally on our own without friends. C. We should pick friends cautiously and nurture friendship well. D. Self‑reflection is far more important than social friendship. 1. What does the underlined phrase “rocky road” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The hard journey in life B. The road with many rocks C. The process of self‑reflection D. The escape from our own world 解析：词义猜测题。“rocky road” 本意为布满岩石的崎岖道路，此处为比喻用法。前文`path of life（人生道路）提示语境是人生， smooth out意为 “抚平、化解”，句意：亲密的友谊常常帮助我们抚平人生这条崎岖道路上的坎坷。因此指代“人生中的艰难历程”。B 为本词字面含义，不是文中比喻义；C、D 与短语语义无关。 2. What can we learn about the first fruit of friendship? A. True friends will solve all our troubles for us. B. Sharing feelings with close friends brings us comfort. C. We should hide our sadness from our close friends. D. Happiness is less meaningful when shared with friends. 解析：细节理解题。第三段是友谊的第一个益处：和朋友分享喜怒哀乐获得内心安宁慰藉。A 错，文中只说 “分担烦恼，烦恼减半”，并没有说朋友替我们解决所有麻烦，all表述绝对；B 正确，和挚友倾诉情感能够带来内心安慰；C 错，原文说我们可以毫无保留分享悲伤，不是隐藏悲伤；D 错，原文` happiness takes on a greater meaning分享后幸福更有意义。 3. Why are friends’ opinions valuable for our decision‑making? A. Friends know our weaknesses better than ourselves. B. Friends always hold one-sided views on problems. C. Friends can help us avoid one-sided judgements. D. Friends force us to accept their advice unconditionally. 解析：推理判断题。定位第四段。只凭自己感受，我们的判断会片面（one‑sided）；朋友可以给出建议，帮我们更全面看待问题。A 错：原文是 “我们更容易看出别人的弱点”，不等于朋友比我们更了解我们自身弱点；B 错：片面的是我们仅凭自我感受做出的判断，不是朋友的观点；C 正确，朋友帮助我们避免片面判断；D 错，文中没有提到朋友强迫我们无条件接受建议。 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Tips on how to develop long-term friendship. B. The three major benefits of true close friendship. C. Differences between friends and ordinary crowds. D. Reasons why people need to stay alone sometimes. 解析：主旨大意题。文章总分结构。第二段点明核心：亲密友谊有三个 “果实（益处）”，之后三段分别论述：抚慰心灵、提供建议、给予帮助。末尾补充说明要慎重择友。全文中心围绕友谊的三大好处。A：文中几乎没有讲 “如何培养友谊的技巧”；C 只是结尾一小部分细节，不是主旨；D 仅为开头引入，并非文章主体。 5. Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Hanging out with a large crowd means you have many true friends. B. We can achieve all life goals totally on our own without friends. C. We should pick friends cautiously and nurture friendship well. D. Self‑reflection is far more important than social friendship. 解析：观点态度题 。定位最后一段Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed,朋友应当慎重选择，关系用心经营。对应 C 选项。A 错，原文：和一群人相伴不等于拥有挚友；B 错，很多目标离不开朋友帮助，all…totally on our own过于绝对；D 错，作者认为独处反思有益，但同样强调社交友谊很重要，没有对比说反思远比友谊重要。 Find topic sentences of each paragraph. Analyze the structure of the essay. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para. 6 The __________ of friendship. importance Three “_______” of friendship. fruits _______ on making friends. Advice Of Friendship As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts(独自静思、与自己内心独处), for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement (促进自我成长). However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world(逃避现实，躲进自己的世界). Social life is also important to us.More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. 通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 more/as often than not 通常；往往；一贯 As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through (以；凭借；因为；由于) friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans. social groups 社会群体 generally speaking 一般来说（作文常用插入语） the fruit/fruits of sth成果；成效；结果 advise the head 启迪心智；为头脑出谋划策 set goals for ourselves 为我们自己设定目标 The first fruit of friendship is the peace(内心的平静，安宁 ) that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. share (sth) (with sb)把自己的想法(或经历、感情)告诉(某人);分享,共享; A trouble shared becomes a trouble halved. 烦恼与人分担，烦恼就减半 halve /hɑːv/ v. (使 ) 减半;把…对半分 nat·ur·al·ly /ˈnætʃrəli/adv.  顺理成章地；自然地；当然地 open·ness /ˈəʊpənnəs/ [ U]诚实；率真；坦率 With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure. We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection. 的确，人的内心正是依靠这样的机会获得慰藉与守护。 true忠诚的；忠心耿耿的；忠实的 feel free to do 可以随意做；无拘束地做 in full measure 最大限度地,最大程度地；尽情地 closeness 亲密，亲近 The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. judgement 判断力,判断；看法,意见,评价 weakness/ˈwiːknɪs/弱点，缺点，劣势, 反义词：strength be guided by 被…… 引/指导；受…… 支配/影响 one-sided(论点、意见等 ) 片面的；偏颇的,=biased /ˈbaɪəst/ On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts clearer(理清思绪) and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems. on the one hand... on the other (hand)...一方面…,另一方面… also=in addition; too而且,此外,也,同样(不与否定动词连用) talk sth over (with sb)详细讨论,详谈(以达成协议或作出决定) put thoughts into words 把想法转化为语言；把内心所思表达出来 alone(用于名词或代词后以加强语气)仅仅，单，只 The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends. Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death. in many different ways 以许多不同的方式 be known as 被称作；作为…… 而出名 second self 第二个自我(文学表达，指挚友如同另一个自己) with the help of 在…… 的帮助之下 Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends. point (sth.) out (to sb)（向某人）指出 it should be pointed out that… 应当指出…… enjoy the company of sb.享受某人的陪伴，喜欢和某人在一起 develop relationships 经营/维系/增进人际关系 in this way 这样，如此 trusted friends 值得信赖的朋友，挚友 (Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher) adapt sth (for sth) (from sth) /əˈdæpt/改编自；节选自 be adapted from… 由…… 改编 / 节选而来 be adapted for 为…… 而改编 essay /ˈeseɪ/ 论说文;散文,随笔小品文 Francis Bacon /ˌfrɑːnsɪs ˈbeɪkən/弗朗西斯·培根(1561‑1626)(英国散文家、科学家、哲学家) phil·oso·pher  /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ 哲学家; 善于思考的人 A. Write a summary of the essay. Use the following questions to help you. Page 40 •What are the three “fruits” of friendship? •Why are they important? Tip: Writing a summary To write a good summary of a text, you should: •circle the main points and key ideas in a text; •express these ideas in your own words; •not include supporting details or background knowledge; •not include your personal opinion. 一、概要写作思路分析 1. 梳理文章核心主旨 文章开篇提出核心观点：人生虽需要独处自省提升自我，但不能封闭自我，真挚的友谊能助力我们走好人生坎坷之路。 2. 抓取核心主体要点（舍弃所有细节、例句、修饰语） 全文核心围绕友谊的三大益处展开，为文章核心骨架： 益处一：分享喜怒哀乐能获得心灵安宁，分担烦恼、放大快乐； 益处二：挚友的交流与建议能帮我们规避片面判断，提升认知与判断力、理清思绪； 益处三：朋友能以多种方式提供帮助，助力我们实现人生目标。 3. 抓取结尾关键观点 热闹的人群陪伴不等于真挚友谊，我们需要审慎择友、用心经营友情，方能依托挚友的陪伴与助力顺遂人生。 4. 高考写作规范把控 整合主旨+三大核心益处+结尾忠告，全程同义改写、句式转换，不摘抄原句，无个人观点、无细碎细节，字数控制在60词左右，逻辑连贯。 二、高考标准概要范文一 （60词） Though proper self-reflection contributes to self-improvement, we had better not cut ourselves off from others. True friendship greatly eases difficulties in our life. It provides emotional comfort, clearer judgement and reliable support for us to realize our goals. Therefore, we should choose friends wisely and maintain friendships well. 虽然适度的自我反思有助于自我提升，但我们不应自我封闭。真挚的友谊能极大缓解人生困境，既为我们带来心灵慰藉、提升判断力，也为我们实现人生目标提供可靠助力。因此，我们应当明智择友，用心维系友谊。 B. How do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends?Explain and support your opinion. Page 40 一、核心要求 本题属于观点阐释+理由支撑开放题，核心不是二选一，而是结合课文主旨，阐释独立自省与求助朋友的平衡关系，分别说明两种场景的适用情况，并结合友谊的三大作用佐证观点。 二、整体逻辑（总分总结构） 1. 开头总起：亮出核心观点 不极端片面，提出核心主旨：人生需要平衡独立自律与朋友互助，对应原文“独处促成长，但不可封闭自我，友谊助力人生”的中心思想。 2. 主体分层论证（核心得分点） 第一层：何时保持独立 适用场景：日常小事、自我成长、独立思考。 依据课文：独处反思可以实现自我提升、塑造独立判断力、避免过度依赖，是个人成长的基础。 第二层：何时求助朋友 适用场景：情绪困境、能力不足、难以解决的难题。 依据课文三大友谊价值：朋友可慰藉情绪、纠正片面认知、提供帮助与支持，助力突破困境、实现目标。 3. 结尾总结升华 总结二者价值：独立实现自我成长，友谊顺遂人生道路，掌握二者平衡，才能稳步成长，紧扣全文主题闭环。 三、答题避坑要点 不否定独立、不夸大友谊，拒绝单一观点，必须体现辩证平衡； 所有理由贴合原文素材，不脱离《Of Friendship》文章内容； 结构清晰分层，分别对应两种场景，逻辑完整、论据充分。 When to be independent and when to ask for friends’ help? In my view, we should strike a proper balance between being independent and seeking help from friends. We ought to rely on ourselves and engage in self-reflection when dealing with daily matters and personal growth. Independent thinking helps us form independent judgment, make steady progress and avoid relying on others blindly. However, when we suffer from negative emotions or encounter difficult problems beyond our ability, it is wise to turn to reliable friends. According to the passage, friends can comfort our hearts, correct our one-sided views with useful advice and offer support to help us achieve our goals. In conclusion, independence contributes to self-improvement, while friendship eases difficulties in our life. Keeping this balance allows us to grow better and walk steadily on our life journey. $