2026-2027学年冀教版英语七年级上册动词be & 动词have同步讲义

该初中英语讲义通过表格系统梳理动词be（am/is/are）和实义动词have/has的用法，结合句式小结与易错点分析构建知识体系，清晰呈现人称匹配规则、否定及疑问句式变化等重难点，帮助学生建立语法知识内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础层填空夯实基础，提升层句型转换训练语言能力，拓展层改错辨析直击易错点，如“Does he has...”改为“Does he have...”培养思维品质。参考答案附解析，助力不同层次学生自主复习，教师可据此实施精准教学。

2026年度冀教版七年级上册动词be & 动词have同步讲义 📚学习目标 1. 掌握be动词(am/is/are)的人称匹配规则，会写缩写形式；熟练变否定句。 2. 掌握实义动词have/has用法，区分主语人称，掌握一般疑问句、否定句变化。 3. 分清be动词和have两大句型的句式结构，不混淆助动词do/does。 4. 能完成填空、句型转换、改错，夯实初中基础语法。 ⚠️教学重点&难点 ✅重点 1. be动词：I用am，he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词用is，其余用are。 2. be动词缩写：I’m, he’s, she’s, it’s, they’re；否定缩写：isn’t, aren’t。 3. be动词变否定：be动词 + not。 4. have/has：三单主语用has；其余用have。 5. have变疑问否定：借助do/does，后面动词还原为have。 ❌难点（高频易错，重点突破） 1. ❌易错1：be动词人称混用。❌He am a student. ✅He is a student. 2. ❌易错2：be动词否定漏not；缩写混淆：`am not`没有缩写，不能写amn’t。 3. ❌易错3：have/has疑问句错误。❌Does he has… ✅Does he have…（does后面必须用原形have） 4. ❌易错4：混淆be动词和have。> > ❌He is a book.（他是一本书）✅He has a book.（他有一本书） 5. ❌易错5：`have`的正式用法（Have you…）只做了解，初中考试优先用Do/Does提问。 核心知识精讲 （一）动词 be (Verb be) be作系动词，表示“是”，根据主语人称和数选择am / is / are 主语 be 动词形式 教材例句 I（我） am I’m from China. he /she/it；单数可数名词；不可数名词 is He is tall and thin.She’s twelve years old.It is a table. The water is hot. The shirt is too small. you；we；they；复数名词 are Where are you from? Many people are on holiday in August. Li Ming and Jack are at the supermarket. 1. be动词缩写形式 > I am = I’m > he is = he’s she is = she’s it is = it’s > they are = they’re > ⚠️注意：I am 没有 amn’t 缩写，否定只能写 I am not。 2. be动词变否定句 规则：be动词后面直接加 not - is + not = isn’t - are + not = aren’t - am + not（无缩写） > 教材例句： > I am not a teacher. > He is not in the classroom. > They are not markers. > 📝句式小结 - 肯定：主语 + am/is/are + … - 否定：主语 + am/is/are + not + … （二）动词 have (Verb have) have作实义动词，含义：有 1. 人称变化： - 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it) → has - 其余主语 → have > 教材例句： > I have many friends at school. > We have two young people with us. > She has black and short hair. > Different people have different hobbies. 2. 变一般疑问句 & 否定句（考试主流用法） > 规则：借助助动词 do / does，后面的have必须变回原形 - 主语非三单：Do + 主语 + have…?；主语 + don’t + have… - 主语三单：Does + 主语 + have…?；主语 + doesn’t + have… > 教材例句： > Do you have a dictionary? > Does he have big eyes? > Do they have blond hair? > I don’t have an eraser. > He doesn’t have any coffee. 3. 正式用法（了解即可，考试不做重点） 直接用have构成疑问否定，多用于书面： Have you any money? I’m sorry. I haven’t any idea. > 📝句式小结 - 肯定：主语 + have/has + … - 否定：主语 + don’t/doesn’t + have + … - 疑问：Do/Does + 主语 + have + …? > 💡辨析：be动词 vs have - He is tall. 他很高。（be动词描述特征） - He has a book. 他有一本书。（have表示拥有） ✍分层配套练习（基础→提升→拓展） 基础层：be动词、have/has填空 Ⅰ 用 am / is / are 填空 1. I ______ from Beijing. 2. She ______ twelve years old. 3. The water ______ cold. 4. Li Ming and Jack ______ at the supermarket. 5. Where ______ you from? Ⅱ 用 have / has 填空 1. I ______ many friends. 2. She ______ short black hair. 3. We ______ two pens. 4. He ______ a dictionary. 提升层：句型转换（否定句、一般疑问句） Ⅲ 改为否定句 1. I am a teacher. → ________________________ 2. He is in the classroom. → ________________________ 3. They are markers. → ________________________ 4. I have an eraser. → ________________________ 5. He has some coffee. → ________________________ Ⅳ 改为一般疑问句并做简略回答 1. You have a dictionary. Yes, ____________. / No, ____________. 2. He has big eyes. Yes, ____________. / No, ____________. 拓展层：改错+辨析（直击高频易错坑） Ⅴ 改错（划出错误，写出改正，写明原因） 1. He am a student. ________________ 2. Does she has a book? ________________ 3. He is a new pen. ________________ 4. I am not 可以缩写为 I’mn’t. ________________ Ⅵ 选择填空 1. —______ you have a ruler? —Yes, I do. A. Are B. Do C. Does 2. —______ he tall? —No, he isn’t. A. Is B. Does C. Has 参考答案与解析 Ⅰ 1. am 2. is 3. is 4. are 5. are Ⅱ 1. have 2. has 3. have 4. has Ⅲ 1. I am not a teacher. 2. He is not (isn’t) in the classroom. 3. They are not (aren’t) markers. 4. I don’t have an eraser. 5. He doesn’t have any coffee. Ⅳ 1. Do you have a dictionary? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 2. Does he have big eyes? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Ⅴ 1. am → is；解析：主语he是三单，be动词用is。 2. has → have；解析：does后面动词必须还原为原形have。 3. is → has；解析：表达“拥有”用have/has，be动词is表示“是”，语义错误。 4. I’mn’t → I am not；解析：am not没有缩写形式。 Ⅵ 1.B 解析：have是实义动词，主语you，助动词用Do。 2.A 解析：tall是形容词，用be动词is构成一般疑问句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $