2026年中考英语语法第11讲 非谓语动词：不定式&动名词&分词【功能定位法】&过关检测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考非谓语动词专题，覆盖不定式、动名词、分词及省to不定式等核心考点，通过知识导图按功能定位（作主语、宾语等）梳理内在联系。设计考点梳理、易错点拨、分层检测教学环节，帮助学生突破动词搭配、分词区别等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“功能定位法”和口诀记忆策略，如用“喜欢享受不介意”口诀掌握doing搭配，“ing主动ed被动”区分分词作定语，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设基础、能力、中考实战三级练习，配合错题解析，确保高效复习，助力教师把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

中考语法第11讲 非谓语动词：不定式、动名词、分词"功能定位法"&过关检测 栏目一：考点梳理 ① 知识导图 非谓语动词 ├── 动词不定式（to do） │ ├── 作主语：To learn English well is important. │ ├── 作宾语：want to do, decide to do, hope to do │ ├── 作宾语补足语：tell/ask sb. to do, want sb. to do │ ├── 作定语：something to eat, a room to live in │ ├── 作状语：to catch the bus（目的）, too...to（结果） │ └── 特殊结构：It + is + adj. + to do ├── 动名词（doing） │ ├── 作主语：Reading is my hobby. │ ├── 作宾语：enjoy doing, finish doing, mind doing │ ├── 作表语：My hobby is reading. │ ├── 作定语：reading room, swimming pool │ └── 固定搭配：be busy doing, have fun doing, be worth doing ├── 分词 │ ├── 现在分词（doing） │ │ ├── 作定语：the running boy（正在跑的男孩） │ │ ├── 作状语：Hearing the news, he jumped up. │ │ └── 作宾语补足语：see sb. doing │ ├── 过去分词（done） │ │ ├── 作定语：the broken window（被打碎的窗户） │ │ ├── 作状语：Given more time, I can do better. │ │ └── 作宾语补足语：have sth. done │ └── 区别：现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成 ├── 省 to 不定式 │ ├── 感官动词：see/hear/watch sb. do │ ├── 使役动词：let/make/have sb. do │ └── 固定搭配：had better do, would rather do └── 中考高频考点 ├── 动词后接 doing 还是 to do ├── 省 to 不定式的判断 ├── 现在分词与过去分词的区别 └── 固定句型和搭配 ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ 动词后接 to do / doing 的固定搭配 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ 省 to 不定式（感官/使役动词） 单项选择 ★★★ 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 单项选择、语法填空 ★★ 不定式作宾语补足语 单项选择、语法填空 ★★ 动名词作主语和宾语 单项选择 ★★ 常见固定句型（It is + adj. + to do 等） 单项选择、句型转换 ★ 不定式作定语和状语 单项选择 ★ have sth. done 结构 单项选择 ③ 核心讲解 考点1：动词不定式（to do）的六大功能（★★★） ① 作主语 结构 示例 To do + 谓语 + 其他 To learn English well is important. It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do（形式主语） It is important to learn English well. 常用 it 作形式主语的形容词： • easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, clever 注意区分： - It is + adj. + for sb. + to do（形容词修饰事：easy, difficult, important） - It is important for us to study hard. - It is + adj. + of sb. + to do（形容词修饰人：kind, nice, clever, polite） - It is kind of you to help me. ② 作宾语（动词后接 to do） 常见接 to do 作宾语的动词： 动词 示例 want I want to go home. decide She decided to study abroad. hope I hope to see you soon. plan We plan to visit Beijing. agree He agreed to help me. refuse She refused to answer the question. learn I learned to swim last year. afford We can't afford to buy a car. promise He promised to come on time. offer She offered to carry the box. choose He chose to stay at home. expect I expect to pass the exam. 口诀：想要决定希望做（want, decide, hope），计划同意拒绝学（plan, agree, refuse, learn）， 负担得起承诺提供（afford, promise, offer），选择期望别忘记（choose, expect）。 ③ 作宾语补足语（动词 + sb. + to do） 常见接 sb. to do 的动词： 动词 示例 tell The teacher told us to be quiet. ask She asked me to help her. want I want you to come with me. expect He expected her to win. encourage Our teacher encourages us to read more. advise The doctor advised him to rest. allow My parents allow me to watch TV. invite They invited us to join the party. teach She taught me to swim. warn He warned us not to touch the wire. ④ 作定语（放在被修饰词后） 结构 示例 名词/代词 + to do I have something to say. 名词 + 介词 + to do He is looking for a room to live in. 注意：不定式作定语时，若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需加介词。 - a pen to write with（一支用来写的笔） - a chair to sit on（一把用来坐的椅子） - a house to live in（一栋用来住的房子） ⑤ 作状语（表目的、结果） 类型 结构 示例 目的状语 to do / in order to do He got up early to catch the first bus. 结果状语 too...to... / enough...to... He is too tired to walk. / He is old enough to go to school. too...to... 与 so...that... 的转换： - He is too young to go to school. - = He is so young that he can't go to school. ⑥ 特殊结构：疑问词 + to do 结构 示例 what to do I don't know what to do. how to do Can you tell me how to get there? where to go She asked where to go. when to start We haven't decided when to start. 考点2：动名词（doing）的四大功能（★★★） ① 作主语 示例 说明 Reading is my hobby. 动名词作主语，谓语用单数 Playing computer games takes too much time. 动名词短语作主语 Swimming is good exercise. 动名词作主语 ② 作宾语（动词后接 doing） 常见接 doing 作宾语的动词和短语： 动词/短语 示例 enjoy I enjoy listening to music. finish He finished doing his homework. mind Would you mind opening the door? keep Keep trying! practice She practices speaking English every day. suggest I suggest going by bus. avoid Avoid making the same mistake. consider He is considering changing his job. give up Don't give up trying. be busy She is busy preparing for the exam. have fun We had fun playing in the park. be worth The book is worth reading. feel like I feel like having a cup of tea. look forward to I look forward to hearing from you. 口诀：喜欢享受不介意（enjoy, mind），完成练习建议（finish, practice, suggest）， 放弃忙碌有趣值得（give up, be busy, have fun, be worth），期待感觉想（look forward to, feel like）。 ③ 作表语 • My hobby is collecting stamps. • His job is teaching English. ④ 作定语（表用途） 示例 说明 a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a swimming pool 游泳池 a sleeping bag 睡袋 a washing machine 洗衣机 考点3：动词后接 to do 还是 doing 的辨析（★★★） ① 后接 to do 的动词（want 类） want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, learn, afford, promise, offer, choose, expect, would like ② 后接 doing 的动词（enjoy 类） enjoy, finish, mind, keep, practice, suggest, avoid, consider, give up, be busy, have fun, be worth, feel like, look forward to ③ 后接 to do 和 doing 均可，但意思不同 动词 + to do + doing remember 记得要做（未做） 记得做过（已做） forget 忘记要做（未做） 忘记做过（已做） stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 try 努力做某事 尝试做某事 mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 regret 遗憾地要做（未做） 后悔做过（已做） 示例： • Remember to close the door when you leave.（记得要关门——未关） • I remember closing the door.（我记得关过门——已关） • He stopped to smoke.（他停下来去抽烟——去做另一件事） • He stopped smoking.（他戒烟了——停止抽烟） 考点4：省 to 不定式（★★★） ① 感官动词 + sb. + do（省 to） 动词 示例 see I saw him enter the room. hear She heard him sing in the room. watch We watched the boy play basketball. notice I noticed her leave quietly. feel He felt the ground shake. ② 使役动词 + sb. + do（省 to） 动词 示例 let Let me help you. make The boss made him work all day. have I had the boy clean the window. ③ 固定搭配 搭配 示例 had better do You had better go now. would rather do I would rather stay at home. why not do Why not ask the teacher? cannot but do I cannot but agree. 被动语态中还原 to（重要）： - 主动：The boss made him work all day. - 被动：He was made to work all day. - 主动：I saw him enter the room. - 被动：He was seen to enter the room. 考点5：现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别（★★★） 分词 含义 示例 现在分词（doing） 表主动/进行 the running boy（正在跑的男孩） 过去分词（done） 表被动/完成 the broken window（被打碎的窗户） 对比示例： 现在分词 过去分词 the boiling water（正在沸腾的水） the boiled water（已烧开的水） the rising sun（正在升起的太阳） the risen sun（已升起的太阳） a developing country（发展中国家） a developed country（发达国家） the falling leaves（正在飘落的叶子） the fallen leaves（已经落地的叶子） 口诀：ing 主动在进行，ed 被动又完成。 考点6：分词作宾语补足语（★★） ① see/hear/watch + sb. + doing（强调正在做） 对比 含义 see sb. do 看见某人做了某事（全过程） see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事（进行中） 示例： • I saw him cross the road.（看见他过了马路——全过程） • I saw him crossing the road.（看见他正在过马路——进行中） ② have/get sth. + done（使某事被做） 结构 示例 have sth. done I had my hair cut yesterday.（昨天我理了发） get sth. done She got her bike repaired.（她修了自行车） 栏目二：易错点拨 【易错1】动词后接 to do 还是 doing ❌ 错误：I enjoy to listen to music. ✅ 正确：I enjoy listening to music. 【错因分析】enjoy 后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。 【避坑技巧】 高频接 doing 的动词口诀： "喜欢享受不介意，完成练习建议；放弃忙碌有趣值得，期待感觉想。" enjoy, mind, finish, practice, suggest, give up, be busy, have fun, be worth, look forward to, feel like + doing 【易错2】使役动词 make 后的省 to 不定式 ❌ 错误：The teacher made us to clean the classroom. ✅ 正确：The teacher made us clean the classroom. 【错因分析】make 是使役动词，后接宾语补足语时省 to。 【避坑技巧】 - 省 to：let/make/have + sb. + do - 不省 to：tell/ask/want/encourage + sb. + to do - 被动语态中还原 to：sb. be made to do 【易错3】被动语态中省 to 不定式未还原 ❌ 错误：He was seen enter the building. ✅ 正确：He was seen to enter the building. 【错因分析】感官/使役动词在主动语态中省 to，变被动语态后必须还原 to。 【避坑技巧】 主动语态 → 被动语态： - see sb. do → sb. be seen to do - hear sb. do → sb. be heard to do - make sb. do → sb. be made to do 【易错4】stop to do 与 stop doing 混淆 ❌ 错误：He stopped to smoke because it was bad for his health. ✅ 正确：He stopped smoking because it was bad for his health. 【错因分析】"因为吸烟有害健康"应是"戒烟"，即停止抽烟，用 stop doing。stop to do 意为"停下来去做另一件事"。 【避坑技巧】 - stop to do = 停下来（正在做的事），去做另一件事 - stop doing = 停止正在做的事 - 类似：remember to do（记得要做，未做）vs remember doing（记得做过，已做） 【易错5】现在分词与过去分词作定语 ❌ 错误：The breaking window needs repairing. ✅ 正确：The broken window needs repairing. 【错因分析】window 和 break 之间是被动关系（窗户被打碎），用过去分词 broken。 【避坑技巧】 - 被修饰名词与分词是主动关系 → 现在分词（doing） - 被修饰名词与分词是被动关系 → 过去分词（done） - the broken window ✅（窗户被打碎） - the falling leaves ✅（叶子自己飘落） 【易错6】look forward to 后接 doing ❌ 错误：I look forward to see you soon. ✅ 正确：I look forward to seeing you soon. 【错因分析】look forward to 中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词。 【避坑技巧】 下列短语中的 to 都是介词，后接 doing： - look forward to doing（期待做） - be used to doing（习惯做） - pay attention to doing（注意做） - prefer doing to doing（宁愿做……而不愿做） 【易错7】不定式作定语时缺少介词 ❌ 错误：He is looking for a room to live. ✅ 正确：He is looking for a room to live in. 【错因分析】live 是不及物动词，不定式作定语修饰 room 时需加介词 in。 【避坑技巧】 不定式作定语，动词为不及物动词时，必须加介词： - a pen to write with - a chair to sit on - a house to live in - a friend to talk with 栏目三：过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I want ______ (be) a doctor when I grow up. 2. She enjoys ______ (read) books in her free time. 3. The teacher told us ______ (not talk) in class. 4. My mother made me ______ (clean) my room yesterday. 5. Let's stop ______ (have) a rest. We are too tired. II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 6. I saw him ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now. 7. The boy was seen ______ (enter) the teachers' office. 8. Look! The children are busy ______ (make) model planes. 9. The book is worth ______ (read) twice. 10. He is looking for a chair to ______ (sit). B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. —Would you mind ______ the window? —Of course not. It's too hot. A. open　　B. to open　　C. opening　　D. opened 12. The doctor advised him ______ more exercise to keep healthy. A. take　　B. to take　　C. taking　　D. taken 13. I still remember ______ to Beijing when I was ten. It was wonderful. A. to travel　　B. traveling　　C. traveled　　D. travel 14. —What happened to the boy? —He was seen ______ from the tree. A. fall　　B. to fall　　C. fell　　D. falling 15. It's very kind ______ you to help me with my English. A. for　　B. of　　C. to　　D. with II. 单句改错（每句只有一处错误）。 16. The teacher made the naughty boy to stand outside. 17. I look forward to hear from you soon. 18. The boy was seen enter the teachers' office. C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空（原创模拟）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone wants 19.______ (be) successful, but success doesn't come easily. The key is 20.______ (keep) trying and never give up. My English teacher often encourages us 21.______ (practice) speaking English every day. She says that 22.______ (read) aloud in the morning is a good habit. She also suggests 23.______ (listen) to English songs to improve our pronunciation. Last week, I saw a boy 24.______ (read) English under a tree on campus. He was so focused that he didn't notice me. I was deeply moved and decided 25.______ (work) harder from then on. I believe that if we keep 26.______ (try), we will succeed one day. Remember: nothing is worth 27.______ (give) up for. Let's start 28.______ (take) action now! II. 单项选择（原创模拟，贴近中考难度）。 29. The movie was so moving that it made all of us ______. A. cry　　B. to cry　　C. crying　　D. cried 30. I had my computer ______ yesterday because it didn't work. A. repair　　B. repaired　　C. repairing　　D. to repair 31. She kept ______ the same mistake, which made her teacher very angry. A. make　　B. to make　　C. making　　D. made 32. The problem is too difficult for us ______. A. solve　　B. solving　　C. solved　　D. to solve 栏目四：答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 to be 17 hear → hearing 2 reading 18 enter → to enter 3 not to talk 19 to be 4 clean 20 to keep 5 to have 21 to practice 6 play 22 reading 7 to enter 23 listening 8 making 24 reading 9 reading 25 to work 10 sit on 26 trying 11 C 27 giving 12 B 28 to take 13 B 29 A 14 B 30 B 15 B 31 C 16 to stand → stand 32 D 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. to be — want 后接不定式作宾语。 2. reading — enjoy 后接动名词作宾语。 3. not to talk — tell sb. not to do sth. 固定搭配。 4. clean — make 是使役动词，后接省 to 不定式。 5. to have — stop to have a rest 意为"停下来去休息"。 6. play — see sb. do 表示看见全过程。 7. to enter — 被动语态中感官动词后还原 to。 8. making — be busy doing sth. 固定搭配。 9. reading — be worth doing sth. 固定搭配。 10. sit on — 不定式作定语，sit 为不及物动词，需加介词 on。 B组·能力提升 11. C — mind doing sth. 固定搭配。 12. B — advise sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。 13. B — remember doing 表示"记得做过"（已做过）。 14. B — 被动语态中感官动词后还原 to，was seen to fall。 15. B — kind 修饰人，用 It's kind of sb. to do sth. 16. to stand → stand — make 是使役动词，后接省 to 不定式。 17. hear → hearing — look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词。 18. enter → to enter — 被动语态中还原 to。 C组·中考实战 19. to be — want to do sth. 固定搭配。 20. to keep — 不定式作表语，说明 the key 的内容。 21. to practice — encourage sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。 22. reading — 动名词短语作主语。 23. listening — suggest doing sth. 固定搭配。 24. reading — see sb. doing 表示"看见某人正在做"。 25. to work — decide to do sth. 固定搭配。 26. trying — keep doing sth. 固定搭配。 27. giving — be worth doing sth. 固定搭配。 28. to take — start to do / start doing 均可，此处用 to take。 29. A — make 是使役动词，后接省 to 不定式。 30. B — have sth. done 结构，意为"使某物被修理"。 31. C — keep doing sth. 固定搭配。 32. D — too...to do sth. 结构，意为"太难而不能解决"。 附：本讲速记卡 非谓语动词·核心考点速记 🔹 接 doing 的动词口诀： 喜欢享受不介意（enjoy, mind），完成练习建议（finish, practice, suggest）， 放弃忙碌有趣值得（give up, be busy, have fun, be worth），期待感觉想（look forward to, feel like）。 🔹 接 to do 的动词口诀： 想要决定希望做，计划同意拒绝学， 负担得起承诺提供，选择期望别忘记。 🔹 省 to 不定式口诀： 感官动词 see hear watch，使役动词 let make have， 后面宾语接 do 不加 to；变成被动别忘记，还原 to 来不能丢。 🔹 分词作定语口诀： ing 主动在进行，ed 被动又完成。 发展中国 developing，发达国家 developed。 🔹 stop / remember / forget 辨析： stop to do 停下来去做另一件事，stop doing 停止正在做的事； remember to do 记得要去做（未做），remember doing 记得已做过（已做）； forget to do 忘记要去做（未做），forget doing 忘记已做过（已做）。 🔹 介词 to 后接 doing： look forward to（期待），be used to（习惯）， pay attention to（注意），prefer doing to doing（宁愿……而不愿）。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后，建议对照解析逐题订正，将错题记录到"易错本"中，考前重点复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $