专题7 现在完成时、过去完成时（讲义）-【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为现在完成时、过去完成时。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题7 现在完成时、过去完成时 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 现在完成时 即时训练 考点2 过去完成时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 掌握现在完成时 have/has+done、过去完成时 had+done 基本结构，识别 for、since 等时间标志。理解现在完成时 “过去动作影响现在”、过去完成时 “过去的过去” 内涵。分清 have been to 与 have gone to，掌握短暂动词向延续动词转换。能够辨析完成时与一般过去时，应对单选与时态辨析题型。 项目 内容 考情解码 考频：现在完成时每年 13 道单选；过去完成时考查频次低，多作为干扰选项。 难度：中等 题型：单选为主，偶尔出现在英译汉。 命题预警 1. 重点考查 for /since、have been to /have gone to 2. 短暂动词转延续动词为高频考点 3. 辨析现在完成时与一般过去时 4. 过去完成时多作干扰项，“过去的过去” 小概率考查 高频易错点 1. for + 时间段、since + 时间点混用 2. 短暂动词直接搭配 for/since，不会转换延续动词 3. have been to 与 have gone to 含义混淆 4. 分不清现在完成时和一般过去时（看是否对现在产生影响） 5. 缺少过去参照时间，滥用过去完成时 had done 典型句型 1. I have lived here for ten years. 2. He has been to Beijing twice. 3. It is the first time that I have seen the film. 4.By last year, he had finished the work.5.He had left before I arrived. 【考点1 现在完成时】 项目 用法 典型例句 基本结构 肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定：主语 + have/has+not + 过去分词 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 规则：三单用 has，其余用 have I have finished my homework. 核心用法 ①过去动作，对现在造成影响 ②动作从过去开始，持续到现在 1. I have lost my key.（现在没有钥匙） 2.He has lived here for two years. 时态标志词 for + 时间段；since + 时间点；so far；in the past few years；already、yet、ever、never、just She has studied English since 2020. 短语辨析 have been to 去过（已返回） have gone to 去了（未返回） have been in 待在某地（持续状态） 1. I have been to Tianjin. 2. He has gone to Beijing. 3.They have been in China long. 必考句型 It is the + 序数词 + time that + 现在完成时 释义：这是某人第几次做某事 It is the first time that I have visited the museum. 高频易错点 1. 短暂动词 buy/leave/die/borrow/finish 不能接 for/since，要换成延续动词 2. 和一般过去时区分：和现在有关用现完；只讲过去用一般过去时 错：I have bought it for 3 years. 对：I have had it for 3 years. 时态核心 立足现在回看过去，强调对现在的结果、影响、持续状态 I have cleaned the room.（房间现在是干净的） 知识点总结 口诀：现完看现在，不关过去时 1. 两大含义：对现在有影响；动作持续到现在 2. 看到 for/since 注意短暂动词变延续动词 3. 分清 have been to /have gone to 4.It is + 序数词 + time that 从句用现在完成时 必背：短暂动词→延续动词 buy→have、borrow→keep、leave→be away、die→be dead、finish→be over、join→be in 最典型例句 1.I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door. 我把钥匙弄丢了，所以打不开门。 2.He has lived in Harbin for five years. 他在哈尔滨住了五年。 3.She has studied English since 2020. 她从 2020 年就开始学英语。 4.I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 5.It is the first time that I have visited this city. 这是我第一次游览这座城市。 易错对比例句（短暂动词转换） ❌ I have bought the bike for 3 years. ✅ I have had the bike for 3 years. 【即时训练】 1. I ____ already ____ my homework. A. have; finish B. have; finished C. did; finish D. do; finish 2. She ____ in this city since 2021. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living 3. —____ you ____ to Beijing? —Yes, I have. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Are; going D. Do; go 4. We ____ just ____ the news about the hero. A. have; heard B. had; heard C. hear D. heard 5. My mother ____ never ____ to a foreign country. A. did; go B. has; gone C. has; been D. is; go 6. They ____ here for three years. A. are B. were C. had been D. have been 7. I ____ not ____ my notebook yet. A. have; found B. did; find C. had; found D. do; find 8. Tom ____ ____ back. He is still on business. A. has come B. hasn’t come C. came D. didn’t come 9. Great changes ____ taken place in our hometown over the past ten years. A. are B. were C. have D. had 10. —Where is your father? —He ____ to Shanghai on business. He will be back next week. A. went B. goes C. has been D. has gone 【考点2 过去完成时】 项目 用法/规则 典型例句 基本结构 肯定：主语 + had + 过去分词 否定：主语 + had not + 过去分词 疑问：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 规则：所有人称、单复数统一用had I had finished the work. 核心用法 表示过去的过去；两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时 I had finished homework before my mom came back. 时态标志词 before、by+过去时间、by the end of+过去时间、when（过去语境） By last year, we had learned this word. 经典句型 过去完成时 + before + 一般过去时（体现动作先后） He had left before I arrived.（我到达前他已离开） 高频易错点 不可单独使用，必须有一个普通过去动作作参照，无参照禁止用had done 错：I had read the book. 对：I had read the book before class began. 时态核心 立足普通过去，回顾更早的过去，用于区分过去动作先后顺序 The rain had stopped when we went out. 【即时训练】 1.When I got to the cinema, the film ____ already ____. A. has; started B. had; started C. was; starting D. would; start 2.He told me that he ____ this book before. A. reads B. has read C. had read D. read 3.By last year, they ____ five new schools. A. built B. have built C. build D. had built 4.I didn’t know who she was, because I ____ her before. A. never saw B. have never seen C. had never seen D. didn’t see 5.Before he moved to Harbin, he ____ in Jiamusi for 8 years. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 1.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第5题）Mary ____ Tai Chi since she came to China. A. Studies B. has studied C. will study D. was studying 2.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第20题）Xuan paper ____ a special role in the development of Chinese culture for ages. A.would play B. has played C.played D.had played 3.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第28题） — Has Tom arrived yet? — No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here ____. A. mostly B. first C. instead D. soon 4.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第18题） I ____ my teachers the moment I go back to school tomorrow. A. visited B. will visit C. have visited D. had visited 5.（2025年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第10题）— This is the fourth time you ________ for school . — I ' m sorry , teacher . A. was late B. were late C. are late D. have been late 6.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第5题） It is the second time I ________. A. failed B. fail C. have failed D. has failed 7.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第10题） I miss my parents very much . They ________ the hometown for two years . A . left B . have left C . were away from D . have been away from 8.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第39题） It has been three weeks since his father ________ for Italy . A. leaves B. left C. leaving D . has left 9.（2023年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第25题）Many a boy ________ the same mistake . A . has made B . have made C . has been made D . have been made 10.（2022年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第29题）The teacher , together with his two sons , ________ here for ten years . A . have been B . has lived C . live D . living 11.（2022年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第40题）This is one of the best books that ________ written by Mo Yan . A . has B . have C . has been D . have been 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为现在完成时、过去完成时。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题7 现在完成时、过去完成时 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 现在完成时 即时训练 考点2 过去完成时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 掌握现在完成时 have/has+done、过去完成时 had+done 基本结构，识别 for、since 等时间标志。理解现在完成时 “过去动作影响现在”、过去完成时 “过去的过去” 内涵。分清 have been to 与 have gone to，掌握短暂动词向延续动词转换。能够辨析完成时与一般过去时，应对单选与时态辨析题型。 项目 内容 考情解码 考频：现在完成时每年 13 道单选；过去完成时考查频次低，多作为干扰选项。 难度：中等 题型：单选为主，偶尔出现在英译汉。 命题预警 1. 重点考查 for /since、have been to /have gone to 2. 短暂动词转延续动词为高频考点 3. 辨析现在完成时与一般过去时 4. 过去完成时多作干扰项，“过去的过去” 小概率考查 高频易错点 1. for + 时间段、since + 时间点混用 2. 短暂动词直接搭配 for/since，不会转换延续动词 3. have been to 与 have gone to 含义混淆 4. 分不清现在完成时和一般过去时（看是否对现在产生影响） 5. 缺少过去参照时间，滥用过去完成时 had done 典型句型 1. I have lived here for ten years. 2. He has been to Beijing twice. 3. It is the first time that I have seen the film. 4.By last year, he had finished the work.5.He had left before I arrived. 【考点1 现在完成时】 项目 用法 典型例句 基本结构 肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定：主语 + have/has+not + 过去分词 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 规则：三单用 has，其余用 have I have finished my homework. 核心用法 ①过去动作，对现在造成影响 ②动作从过去开始，持续到现在 1. I have lost my key.（现在没有钥匙） 2.He has lived here for two years. 时态标志词 for + 时间段；since + 时间点；so far；in the past few years；already、yet、ever、never、just She has studied English since 2020. 短语辨析 have been to 去过（已返回） have gone to 去了（未返回） have been in 待在某地（持续状态） 1. I have been to Tianjin. 2. He has gone to Beijing. 3.They have been in China long. 必考句型 It is the + 序数词 + time that + 现在完成时 释义：这是某人第几次做某事 It is the first time that I have visited the museum. 高频易错点 1. 短暂动词 buy/leave/die/borrow/finish 不能接 for/since，要换成延续动词 2. 和一般过去时区分：和现在有关用现完；只讲过去用一般过去时 错：I have bought it for 3 years. 对：I have had it for 3 years. 时态核心 立足现在回看过去，强调对现在的结果、影响、持续状态 I have cleaned the room.（房间现在是干净的） 知识点总结 口诀：现完看现在，不关过去时 1. 两大含义：对现在有影响；动作持续到现在 2. 看到 for/since 注意短暂动词变延续动词 3. 分清 have been to /have gone to 4.It is + 序数词 + time that 从句用现在完成时 必背：短暂动词→延续动词 buy→have、borrow→keep、leave→be away、die→be dead、finish→be over、join→be in 最典型例句 1.I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door. 我把钥匙弄丢了，所以打不开门。 2.He has lived in Harbin for five years. 他在哈尔滨住了五年。 3.She has studied English since 2020. 她从 2020 年就开始学英语。 4.I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 5.It is the first time that I have visited this city. 这是我第一次游览这座城市。 易错对比例句（短暂动词转换） ❌ I have bought the bike for 3 years. ✅ I have had the bike for 3 years. 【即时训练】 1. I ____ already ____ my homework. A. have; finish B. have; finished C. did; finish D. do; finish 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时基本结构。句意：我已经做完我的家庭作业了。already 为现在完成时标志词，结构 have/has + 过去分词，finish 过去分词为 finished。 2. She ____ in this city since 2021. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时 since 用法。句意：自从 2021 年起，她就住在这座城市。since 后接过去时间点，主句使用现在完成时 has/have + 过去分词。 3. —____ you ____ to Beijing? —Yes, I have. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Are; going D. Do; go 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时一般疑问句以及 have been to 辨析。句意：—— 你去过北京吗？—— 是的，我去过。答句用 have，问句需 have 引导；have been to 表示曾经去过某地，人已返回。 4. We ____ just ____ the news about the hero. A. have; heard B. had; heard C. hear D. heard 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：我们刚刚听到这位英雄的相关消息。just “刚刚” 是现在完成时标志词，选用 have + 过去分词。 5. My mother ____ never ____ to a foreign country. A. did; go B. has; gone C. has; been D. is; go 【答案】C 【解析】考查 have been to 与 have gone to 辨析。句意：妈妈从来没有去过国外。never 为现在完成时标志；have been to 曾经去过（现已返回）；have gone to 去了某地（人尚未回来）。 6. They ____ here for three years. A. are B. were C. had been D. have been 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在完成时 for 用法。句意：他们在这里已经三年了。for + 时间段，描述从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时 have been。 7. I ____ not ____ my notebook yet. A. have; found B. did; find C. had; found D. do; find 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在完成时否定形式。句意：我还没有找到我的笔记本。yet “还”，多用于现在完成时否定句，结构 have/has not + 过去分词。 8. Tom ____ ____ back. He is still on business. A. has come B. hasn’t come C. came D. didn’t come 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时否定。句意：汤姆还没有回来，他还在出差。根据后句 “还在出差”，说明未归来，现在完成时否定 hasn’t come。 9. Great changes ____ taken place in our hometown over the past ten years. A. are B. were C. have D. had 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去十年间，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。over the past ten years 是现在完成时时间标志；have taken place 为固定短语，意为发生。 10. —Where is your father? —He ____ to Shanghai on business. He will be back next week. A. went B. goes C. has been D. has gone 【答案】D 【解析】考查 have been to 与 have gone to 辨析。句意：—— 你的爸爸在哪？—— 他出差去上海了，下周回来。have gone to 表示去了某地，人还未返回；have been to 表示去过某地，人已回来。 【考点2 过去完成时】 项目 用法/规则 典型例句 基本结构 肯定：主语 + had + 过去分词 否定：主语 + had not + 过去分词 疑问：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 规则：所有人称、单复数统一用had I had finished the work. 核心用法 表示过去的过去；两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时 I had finished homework before my mom came back. 时态标志词 before、by+过去时间、by the end of+过去时间、when（过去语境） By last year, we had learned this word. 经典句型 过去完成时 + before + 一般过去时（体现动作先后） He had left before I arrived.（我到达前他已离开） 高频易错点 不可单独使用，必须有一个普通过去动作作参照，无参照禁止用had done 错：I had read the book. 对：I had read the book before class began. 时态核心 立足普通过去，回顾更早的过去，用于区分过去动作先后顺序 The rain had stopped when we went out. 【即时训练】 1.When I got to the cinema, the film ____ already ____. A. has; started B. had; started C. was; starting D. would; start 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。got 为一般过去时，“电影开始” 发生在 “到达” 之前，即过去的过去，要用 had + 过去分词。 2.He told me that he ____ this book before. A. reads B. has read C. had read D. read 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句中的过去完成时。句意：他告诉我他以前读过这本书。主句 told 是一般过去时，读书动作发生在 “告诉” 之前，属于过去的过去，用 had read。 3.By last year, they ____ five new schools. A. built B. have built C. build D. had built 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时 by + 过去时间。句意：到去年为止，他们已经建成五所新学校。by + 过去时间（last year），主句用过去完成时 had + 过去分词。 4.I didn’t know who she was, because I ____ her before. A. never saw B. have never seen C. had never seen D. didn’t see 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我不认识她，因为我以前从未见过她。didn’t know 为过去时，“没见过她” 发生在 “不认识” 之前，是过去的过去，用 had never seen。 5.Before he moved to Harbin, he ____ in Jiamusi for 8 years. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：在搬到哈尔滨之前，他在佳木斯住了八年。moved 是过去动作，“居住” 发生在搬家之前，过去的过去，用 had lived。 1.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第5题）Mary ____ Tai Chi since she came to China. A. Studies B. has studied C. will study D. was studying 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：玛丽自从来到中国就一直在练太极。since 引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 has/have + 过去分词。 2.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第20题）Xuan paper ____ a special role in the development of Chinese culture for ages. A.would play B. has played C.played D.had played 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：长久以来，宣纸在中国文化发展进程中发挥着特殊作用。for ages（长久以来）为现在完成时标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，用 has played。 3.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第28题） — Has Tom arrived yet? — No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here ____. A. mostly B. first C. instead D. soon 【答案】D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析 + 现在完成时问句。句意：—— 汤姆已经到了吗？—— 还没有，他在路上，他很快就到。mostly 大部分；first 首先；instead 代替；soon 不久、很快，结合语境选 soon。 4.（2026年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第18题） I ____ my teachers the moment I go back to school tomorrow. A. visited B. will visit C. have visited D. had visited 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：明天我一回到学校就会看望我的老师们。the moment 引导时间状语从句，遵循主将从现；tomorrow 表将来，主句使用一般将来时 will visit；have visited 现在完成时、had visited 过去完成时均不符合时间语境。 5.（2025年黑龙江省中等职业学校春季高考专业对口升学考试招生第10题）— This is the fourth time you ________ for school . — I ' m sorry , teacher . A. was late B. were late C. are late D. have been late 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定句型现在完成时。句意：—— 这是你第四次上学迟到了。—— 对不起，老师。固定句型：This is the + 序数词 + time (that)… 从句用现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词；主语 you，用 have been late。 6.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第5题） It is the second time I ________. A. failed B. fail C. have failed D. has failed 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型现在完成时。句意：这是我第二次失败。It is the + 序数词 + time (that)…，that 从句要用现在完成时；主语 I，用 have failed。 7.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第10题） I miss my parents very much . They ________ the hometown for two years . A . left B . have left C . were away from D . have been away from 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在完成时延续性动词。句意：我非常想念我的父母，他们已经离开家乡两年了。“for + 时间段” 要搭配延续性状态；leave 是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用；be away from 为延续性短语，主语 they，故 have been away from。 8.（黑龙江省2024年职业教育春季高考第39题） It has been three weeks since his father ________ for Italy . A. leaves B. left C. leaving D . has left 【答案】B 【解析】考查 since 句型。句意：他父亲动身去意大利已经三周了。固定句型 It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句；since 后面从句使用一般过去时，leave 过去式 left。 9.（2023年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第25题）Many a boy ________ the same mistake . A . has made B . have made C . has been made D . have been made 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在完成时主谓一致。句意：许多男孩犯过同样的错误。many a + 单数名词，作主语谓语动词用单数；boy 和 make mistake 是主动关系，因此用 has made。 10.（2022年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第29题）The teacher , together with his two sons , ________ here for ten years . A . have been B . has lived C . live D . living 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时主谓一致。句意：这位老师和他的两个儿子已经在这里住十年了。together with 连接并列主语，谓语和前面主语 the teacher 保持一致，用单数；for ten years 为现在完成时标志，has lived。 11.（2022年黑龙江省中等职业学校毕业生专业对口升学考试招生第40题）This is one of the best books that ________ written by Mo Yan . A . has B . have C . has been D . have been 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在完成时定语从句主谓一致与被动语态。句意：这是莫言写的最好的书之一。one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语和复数 books 保持一致；books 和 write 是被动关系，故 have been。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $