内容正文:
编写说明:【2027年新考纲】江苏省(职教高考)《英语二轮讲练测》紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的23个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套讲义、课件和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。
本专题是【2027年新考纲】江苏省(职教高考)《英语二轮讲练测》的第15个专题,内容为虚拟语气。
【2027年新考纲】江苏省(职教高考)《英语二轮讲练测》
专题15 虚拟语气(讲义)
目录
01 考情总结
02 真题动向
03 必备知识
04 命题预测
考查内容
年份及题号
题型
虚拟语气
2022(9);2023(3);2024(5)
单选
命题轨迹透视:近六年江苏中职职教高考英语真题共考查虚拟语气1个知识点(3道题),以单选为主。整体趋势:近两年考查频次不高,根据考纲变化,推测虚拟语气可能以完形填空的方式考查。
【考点1:虚拟语气】
1.(2022年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考中职英语试卷第9题)
It’s high time we ________ something to stop traffic accidents.
A. will do B. are doing C. did D. do
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:是我们该做些什么来阻止交通事故时候了。句型It is high time (that) ... 意为“是……的时候了”,that可以省略,that引导的定语从句应用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用一般过去式,故选C。
2.(2023年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考中职英语试卷第3题)
If I ________ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night.
A. didn’t drink B. hadn’t drunk C. haven’t drunk D. wouldn’t have drunk
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是昨天晚上喝了那么多咖啡,我昨晚肯定能睡个好觉。结合句意及主句中的“would have been able to sleep”可知,该句为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,需用虚拟语气,从句为与过去事实相反的假设,应用过去完成时。故选B。
3.(2024年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考中职英语试卷第5题)
________, I would give you a hand.
A.If I am there B. If I was there C. Were I there D. I am there
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟条件句中的倒装。句意:如果我在那里,我会帮你一把。分析句子可知,该句为虚拟语气,与现在事实相反时if引导的条件句系动词应用were。if引导的虚拟条件状从可用部分倒装句替换,此时省掉if。故选C。
虚拟语气知识点
一、语气的概念
语气是动词的一种形式,用来体现说话人对所表述内容的态度、情感或看法,反映句子是陈述事实、提出疑问,还是表达虚拟、命令等。
1. 陈述语气:用于陈述客观事实、描述真实情况
例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)(陈述事实)
2. 祈使语气:用于表达命令、请求、建议等,主语常常省略,动词用原形。
例:Open the door.(打开门。)(命令);Please help me.(请帮帮我。)(请求)
3. 虚拟语气:用于表达与现实相反的假设、难以实现的愿望、建议、命令等,让语言更具主观色彩。
例:If I had wings, I would fly to the moon.(如果我有翅膀,我会飞到月球。)(用虚拟表达不可能的假设)
二、if条件句引导的虚拟语气
1. 与现在事实相反
条件从句(if引导):动词用过去式(be动词统一用were,无人称、数变化)
主句:would/should/could/might + 动词原形
例:If I were you, I would take this chance.(如果我是你,我会抓住这次机会。)
(现实:我不是你,无法成为你;用虚拟表达假设)
2. 与过去事实相反
条件从句(if引导):动词用had+过去分词
主句:would/should/could/might + have +过去分词
例:If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
(如果她之前更努力学习,就会通过考试了。)
(现实:她过去没努力,考试没通过;虚拟弥补过去遗憾)
3. 与将来事实相反
条件从句(if引导):动词有3种形式(体现“将来实现可能性极低”):
过去式(be动词用were)/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形
主句:would/should/could/might +动词原形
例:If he went to the party tomorrow, he would meet many friends.
(如果他明天去派对,会见到很多朋友。)(暗含“他大概率不去”)
4.省略if的倒装情况
当if条件从句中含有were, had, should时,可省略if,并将这3个词提前至句首,句子变成倒装结构(不影响虚拟语气逻辑)。
原句:If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
倒装后:Were I rich, I would travel around the world.(要是我有钱,会环游世界。)
(were提前)
原句:If he had known the truth, he would have apologized.
倒装后:Had he known the truth, he would have apologized.(要是他早知道真相,就会道歉了。)(had提前)
原句:If it should snow tomorrow, we would stay at home.
倒装后:Should it snow tomorrow, we would stay at home.(万一明天下雪,我们就待在家。)(should提前)
三、用should + do表虚拟
在表示建议、要求、命令、必要性的名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中,常用should+动词原形表虚拟(should可省略,更正式语境常保留)。
1、主语从句
结构:It is +形容词 / 过去分词 / 名词 + that + (should) do
常见搭配词:
形容词:necessary, important, essential, strange
过去分词:suggested, required, demanded, ordered
名词:a pity, a shame , an honor等
例1:It is necessary that he (should) finish the work today.(他今天完成工作是有必要的。)
例2:It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting.(有人建议我们开个会。)
2、宾语从句
以下动词后接宾语从句时,常用(should) do表虚拟:
建议类:suggest, advise, propose, recommend
要求类:demand, require, request, ask
命令类:order, command, direct
例1(建议):He suggests that we (should) start early.(他建议我们早点出发。)
例2(要求):The boss requires that employees (should) wear uniforms.(老板要求员工穿工装。)
例3(命令):The general ordered that soldiers (should) attack at dawn.
(将军命令士兵们黎明时进攻。)
四、wish后的宾语从句表虚拟
wish后接宾语从句时,常用虚拟语气表达与现实不符的愿望(对现在、过去、将来的遗憾、空想),具体结构:
1、对现在的愿望(与现在事实相反)
从句谓语用过去式(be动词统一用were)
例:I wish I were taller.(我希望自己个子更高。)(现实:个子没那么高)
例:She wishes she had a car.(她希望自己有辆车。)(现实:没车)
2、对过去的愿望(与过去事实相反)
从句谓语用had+过去分词
例:I wish I had studied harder before.(我希望以前更努力学习过。)
(现实:过去没努力,后悔)
例:He wishes he hadn’t missed the train.(他希望没错过那趟火车。)
(现实:错过了,遗憾)
3、对将来的愿望(难以实现的未来)
从句谓语用would/could/might +动词原形
例:I wish I would travel to the moon one day.(我希望有一天能去月球旅行。)
(现实:很难实现)
例:She wishes she could fly like a bird.(她希望自己能像鸟一样飞。)
(现实:不可能实现)
五、江苏职教高考易错点提醒
1. if虚拟条件句,be动词一律用were,不用was。
2. should可省略,但是一旦省略,后面依旧用动词原形。
3. wish从句虚拟时态要区分现在、过去、将来,不要混淆had done与would do。
4. if倒装只可以提前were / had / should,其他动词不能提前。
【虚拟语气考点可能会在完形填空题型中涉及】
1.If I ______ you, I would take the job opportunity in the vocational school.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
【答案】C
【解析】if 虚拟条件句,表示与现在事实相反,be 动词统一使用 were。句意:如果我是你,我会接受这所职业学校的工作机会。
2.If she ______ harder last term, she would have passed the final exam.
A. studied B. had studied C. has studied D. would study
【答案】B
【解析】与过去事实相反的 if 虚拟条件句,从句使用 had + 过去分词。句意:如果她上学期学习更努力,她本可以通过期末考试。
3.It is necessary that we ______ enough time to prepare for the skill competition.
A. will have B. have C. had D. must have
【答案】B
【解析】It is necessary that… 句型,主语从句使用 (should)+ 动词原形,should 可以省略。句意:我们应当有充足时间准备技能大赛,这很有必要。
4.He suggests that the meeting ______ until next Monday.
A. be put off B. was put off C. will put off D. puts off
【答案】A
【解析】suggest 表示建议,其后宾语从句用 (should)+ 动词原形,此处为被动结构 (should) be put off,should 省略。句意:他建议会议推迟到下周一。
5.I wish I ______ to the lecture yesterday, but I was busy with my homework.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. attend
【答案】B
【解析】wish 后宾语从句,对过去发生事情表示遗憾,从句用 had + 过去分词。句意:我真希望昨天去听了讲座,但是我当时忙于写作业。
6.______ I known the truth, I would have told you earlier.
A. If B. Were C. Had D. Should
【答案】C
【解析】if 虚拟条件句省略 if,把 had 提前构成倒装,原句为 If I had known the truth。句意:要是我早知道真相,我早就告诉你了。
7.If it ______ rain tomorrow, we would put off our outdoor training activity.
A. should B. will C. can D. would
【答案】A
【解析】与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句可以使用 should + 动词原形,表示发生可能性极低。句意:万一明天下雨,我们就推迟户外实训活动。
8.She wishes she ______ fly a plane in the future, though it is hard for her.
A. can B. could C. may D. shall
【答案】B
【解析】wish 从句表达对将来难以实现的愿望,从句用 would/could/might + 动词原形。句意:她希望将来可以驾驶飞机,尽管对她来说很难。
9.The boss ordered that all workers ______ on time for morning‑shift work.
A. arrived B. arrive C. will arrive D. would arrive
【答案】B
【解析】order 表示命令,宾语从句使用 (should)+ 动词原形,should 省略。句意:老板命令所有工人按时到岗上早班。
10.Were he ______ enough money, he would buy a new laptop for his study.
A. have B. has C. to have D. had
【答案】C
【解析】省略 if 倒装的将来虚拟,原句 If he were to have enough money,倒装后 Were he to have…。句意:倘若他有足够的钱,他会买一台新笔记本电脑用于学习。
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$