2026年中考英语语法第10讲 特殊句型:There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句&过关检测

2026-08-28
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摘要:

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考特殊句型专题,覆盖There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句四大核心考点,通过知识导图构建体系,考点清单明确考查形式,核心讲解细化时态、就近原则等关键要点。设计“考点梳理-易错点拨-分层训练”教学流程,A组基础夯实、B组能力提升、C组中考实战,助力学生系统突破难点。 亮点在于“易错避坑+速记口诀”策略,如用“有名词用What,有形副用How”口诀辨析感叹句,培养学生思维品质。分层训练匹配中考难度,C组语法填空和单选模拟真题情境,提升语言能力。速记卡总结核心考点,配合错题记录方法,帮助学生高效复习,教师可依此把控节奏,实现精准备考。

内容正文:

中考语法第10讲 特殊句型:There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句&过关检测 栏目一:考点梳理 ① 知识导图 特殊句型 ├── There be 句型 │ ├── 基本结构:There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语 │ ├── 时态变化 │ │ ├── 一般现在时:there is / are │ │ ├── 一般过去时:there was / were │ │ ├── 一般将来时:there will be / there is(are) going to be │ │ └── 含情态动词:there + 情态动词 + be │ ├── 就近原则 │ ├── there be 与 have/has 的区别 │ └── there be 句型的反问 ├── 感叹句 │ ├── What 引导 │ │ ├── What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ │ ├── What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ │ └── What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ ├── How 引导 │ │ ├── How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ │ ├── How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ │ └── How + 形容词/副词 + a/an + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! │ └── What 与 How 的转换 ├── 倒装句 │ ├── So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语(……也这样) │ ├── Neither/Nor + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语(……也不这样) │ ├── Here/There 开头的倒装 │ └── Only 等副词开头的倒装(了解) ├── 强调句 │ ├── It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... │ ├── 强调主语/宾语/状语 │ └── 与定语从句的区别 └── 中考高频考点 ├── there be 就近原则与时态 ├── What/How 感叹句的选择 ├── So/Neither 倒装句的时态呼应 └── 强调句的基本结构 ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ there be 句型的时态与就近原则 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ there be 与 have/has 的区别 单项选择 ★★★ What/How 引导的感叹句辨析 单项选择 ★★ So/Neither 倒装句的用法 单项选择 ★★ there be 句型的反问句 单项选择 ★★ 强调句的基本结构 单项选择 ★ Here/There 开头的倒装句 单项选择 ★ 感叹句的转换 句型转换 ③ 核心讲解 考点1:There be 句型(★★★) ① 基本结构 There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语 含义:表示"某地/某时存在某人或某物"。 示例 说明 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书 There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生 There was a football match yesterday. 昨天有一场足球赛 核心规则:there be 是存在句,be 动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 ② there be 的时态变化 时态 结构 示例 一般现在时 there is / are There is a cat under the tree. 一般过去时 there was / were There were many people at the concert. 一般将来时 there will be / there is(are) going to be There will be a sports meeting next week. 现在完成时 there have/has been There has been a big change in our city. 含情态动词 there + 情态动词 + be There must be something wrong. 中考高频考点:there be 的将来时结构 - There will be a concert tomorrow. - There is going to be a concert tomorrow. ❌ There is going to have...(there be 不与 have 连用) ③ there be 的就近原则 当 there be 后面有多个并列主语时,be 动词与最靠近它的第一个主语保持一致。 示例 说明 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 最近主语 a pen 单数 → is There are two books and a pen on the desk. 最近主语 two books 复数 → are ④ there be 与 have/has 的区别 句型 含义 示例 there be 某地/某时存在某物 There is a book on the desk. have/has 某人拥有某物 I have a book. 判断技巧:句中有"在某地/在某时"用 there be;句中有"某人"做主语用 have/has。 ❌ There has a book on the desk. ✅ There is a book on the desk. ❌ I there have a book. ✅ I have a book. ⑤ there be 句型的反意疑问句 结构 示例 There is/are..., isn't/aren't there? There is a book on the desk, isn't there? There was/were..., wasn't/weren't there? There were many students, weren't there? There will be..., won't there? There will be a meeting, won't there? 考点2:感叹句(★★★) ① What 引导的感叹句 结构 公式 示例 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What + a/an + adj. + n. + S + V! What a beautiful flower it is! What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What + adj. + n.(复数) + S + V! What beautiful flowers they are! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What + adj. + n.(不可数) + S + V! What good news it is! ② How 引导的感叹句 结构 公式 示例 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语! How + adj. + S + V! How beautiful the flower is! How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语! How + adv. + S + V! How fast he runs! How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! How + adj. + a/an + n. + S + V! How beautiful a flower it is! ③ What 与 How 的转换(★★) 核心规则:What 强调名词,How 强调形容词或副词。 What 句 How 句 What a beautiful flower it is! How beautiful the flower is! What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is! What good news it is! How good the news is! 转换步骤: 1. What 句 → How 句:去掉 a/an + 名词,将形容词提到 How 后,主语谓语保持原位 2. How 句 → What 句:在形容词后补上名词(单数加 a/an),前面换成 What 中考判断技巧: - 看感叹号前的主语谓语之前是否有名词 - 有名词(或 a/an + 名词)→ 用 What - 没有名词,只有形容词/副词 → 用 How 考点3:倒装句(★★) ① So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语("……也如此") 结构:表示前句的肯定情况也适用于另一人/物。 前句 倒装句 Tom is a student. So is Jack.(杰克也是) I like English. So does she.(她也喜欢) He can swim. So can I.(我也会) They went to the park. So did we.(我们也去了) 核心规则:so 后面的助动词/be动词/情态动词要与前句的时态保持一致,并与新主语在人称和数上一致。 易混对比: - So + 助动词 + 主语(倒装):"……也如此"(指不同的人/物) - Tom likes English. So does Jack.(汤姆喜欢,杰克也喜欢) - So + 主语 + 助动词(不倒装):"确实如此"(指同一人/物,表示赞同) - —Tom likes English. —So he does.(他确实喜欢) ② Neither / Nor + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语("……也不如此") 结构:表示前句的否定情况也适用于另一人/物。 前句 倒装句 Tom isn't late. Neither is Jack.(杰克也不迟) I don't like coffee. Neither does she.(她也不喜欢) He can't swim. Neither can I.(我也不会) They didn't go. Neither did we.(我们也没去) 口诀: 肯定倒装用 So,否定倒装用 Neither/Nor; 倒装语序:助动词/be/情态 + 主语。 ③ Here / There 开头的倒装句 结构 示例 Here + 动词 + 名词主语(完全倒装) Here comes the bus. 公交车来了 Here + 代词主语 + 动词(部分倒装) Here it is. 它在这儿 There + 动词 + 名词主语(完全倒装) There goes the bell. 铃响了 There + 代词主语 + 动词(部分倒装) There she is. 她在那里 注意:主语是名词时用完全倒装(动词在主语前);主语是代词时用部分倒装(主语在动词前)。 考点4:强调句(★★) ① 基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分 被强调部分 结构 示例 强调主语(人) It is/was + 主语 + who/that... It was Tom who/that broke the window. 强调主语(物) It is/was + 主语 + that... It is the book that changed my mind. 强调宾语 It is/was + 宾语 + that... It was a bike that I bought yesterday. 强调时间状语 It is/was + 时间状语 + that... It was yesterday that I met him. 强调地点状语 It is/was + 地点状语 + that... It was in the park that I lost my key. 核心规则: - 被强调部分是人时,用 that 或 who - 被强调部分是物/时间/地点时,一律用 that - 去掉 It is/was...that/who... 后,句子剩余部分仍然完整 ② 强调句的判断技巧 方法:去掉"It is/was"和"that/who"后,如果剩余部分仍是一个完整句子,则为强调句。 原句 去掉后 判断 It was Tom that broke the window. Tom broke the window. ✅ 完整 → 强调句 It is the book that I read. The book I read.(缺 is) ❌ 不完整 → 定语从句 ③ 强调句与定语从句的区别 对比项 强调句 定语从句 结构 It is + 被强调部分 + that/who 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 去掉 It is...that 后 剩余句子完整 剩余句子不完整 that 能否省略 不能 作宾语时可省略 示例对比: • 强调句:It was yesterday that I met him.(去掉后:Yesterday I met him. ✅) • 定语从句:It was yesterday when I met him.(不构成完整强调句) 栏目二:易错点拨 【易错1】there be 与 have/has 混用 ❌ 错误:There has a book on the desk. ✅ 正确:There is a book on the desk. 【错因分析】there be 表示"存在",have/has 表示"拥有",两者不可混用。 【避坑技巧】 - 某地/某时有某物 → there be - 某人拥有某物 → have/has 【易错2】there be 的将来时误用 have ❌ 错误:There is going to have a party tomorrow. ✅ 正确:There is going to be a party tomorrow. ✅ 正确:There will be a party tomorrow. 【错因分析】there be 的将来时形式是 there will be 或 there is/are going to be,不能用 have。 【避坑技巧】 there be 句型的各种时态中,be 永远存在: - there is/are → there was/were → there will be → there has/have been 【易错3】What / How 感叹句的选择 ❌ 错误:How a beautiful flower it is! ✅ 正确:What a beautiful flower it is! ✅ 正确:How beautiful the flower is! 【错因分析】How 后直接接形容词/副词,不能接 a/an + 名词。 【避坑技巧】 判断口诀: - 有名词 → 用 What(What + a/an + adj. + n.) - 只有形容词/副词 → 用 How(How + adj./adv.) - How + adj. + a/an + n. 也可用,但中考更常考 What 形式 【易错4】So 倒装句的时态和助动词匹配 ❌ 错误:—Tom likes English. —So am I. ✅ 正确:—Tom likes English. —So do I. 【错因分析】So 倒装句中,助动词应与前句的时态和谓语动词类型保持一致。likes 是行为动词一般现在时,用 do(主语 I 用 do,不用 does)。 【避坑技巧】 助动词匹配对照: - be 动词 → So am/is/are + 主语 - 行为动词一般现在时 → So do/does + 主语 - 行为动词一般过去时 → So did + 主语 - 情态动词 → So can/will/must + 主语 - 现在完成时 → So have/has + 主语 【易错5】So 倒装与 So 不倒装的区别 ❌ 混淆:—Tom is a good student. —So he is.(误认为表示"杰克也是") ✅ 区分: - So he is. = 他确实如此(同一人,表赞同,不倒装) - So is Jack. = 杰克也是(另一人,倒装) 【错因分析】So + 主语 + 助动词 表示"确实如此",主语不换;So + 助动词 + 主语 表示"……也如此",主语要换。 【避坑技巧】 结构对比: - So + 主语 + 助动词:"确实如此",同一人,不倒装 - So + 助动词 + 主语:"……也如此",另一人,倒装 【易错6】Here/There 倒装句中名词与代词的位置 ❌ 错误:Here the bus comes. ✅ 正确:Here comes the bus. ❌ 错误:Here comes it. ✅ 正确:Here it comes. 【错因分析】Here/There 开头的倒装句中,名词主语需完全倒装(动词在主语前),代词主语不需倒装(主语在动词前)。 【避坑技巧】 - Here/There + 动词 + 名词(完全倒装):Here comes the bus. - Here/There + 代词 + 动词(不倒装):Here it comes. 【易错7】强调句与定语从句的区分 ❌ 错误:It was in the park where I lost my key.(强调句误用 where) ✅ 正确:It was in the park that I lost my key.(强调句用 that) 【错因分析】强调句结构固定为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who,即使被强调部分是地点,也不能用 where。 【避坑技巧】 - 强调句 → 一律用 that(只有强调人时可用 who) - 去掉 It is/was...that 后句子完整 → 是强调句 - 去掉后不完整 → 是定语从句或其他从句 栏目三:过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. There ______ (be) a dictionary and two books on the shelf. 2. There ______ (be) two cats and a dog in the garden. 3. There ______ (be) a football match yesterday evening. 4. There ______ (be) a big celebration next Friday. 5. There must ______ (be) something wrong with the computer. II. 选择 What 或 How 完成感叹句。 6. ______ a clever boy he is! 7. ______ fast the horse runs! 8. ______ beautiful flowers they are! 9. ______ good the news is! 10. ______ an interesting story it is! B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. There ______ a meeting in our school hall tomorrow afternoon. A. is going to have  B. is going to be  C. are going to be  D. will have 12. —I have never been to Beijing. —______. A. So have I  B. Neither have I  C. So I have  D. Neither I have 13. ______ nice weather it is today! Let's go for a picnic. A. What  B. How  C. What a  D. How a 14. ______ important information you've given us! A. What  B. How  C. What an  D. How an 15. It was in the library ______ I found the lost book. A. where  B. that  C. which  D. who II. 单句改错(每句只有一处错误)。 16. There is going to have a parents' meeting next week. 17. —Tom can swim very well. —So can he. 18. How beautiful flowers they are! C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空(原创模拟)。 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There 19.______ (be) a small park near our school. There 20.______ (be) many trees and beautiful flowers in it. Every morning, there 21.______ (be) lots of people doing exercise there. Last year, there 22.______ (be) only a few old trees in the park. But now, there 23.______ (be) a big change. The government has planted many new trees. There 24.______ (be) going to be a small lake in the park next year. ______ 25.______ beautiful the park is! ______ 26.______ a wonderful place to relax! My classmates often go there after school. Tom likes it very much. ______ 27.______ does Jack. I think there 28.______ (be) more and more people coming to the park in the future. II. 单项选择(原创模拟,贴近中考难度)。 29. —I didn't watch the football match last night. —______. I was busy doing my homework. A. So did I  B. Neither did I  C. So I did  D. Neither I did 30. ______ exciting news it is! We won the first prize. A. What  B. How  C. What an  D. How an 31. It was Mr. Wang ______ helped me with my English after class. A. which  B. who  C. whom  D. whose 栏目四:答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 is 17 can he → he can 2 are 18 How → What 3 was 19 is 4 will be 20 are 5 be 21 are 6 What 22 were 7 How 23 is 8 What 24 is 9 How 25 How 10 What 26 What 11 B 27 So 12 B 28 will be 13 A 29 B 14 A 30 A 15 B 31 B 16 have → be 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. is — there be 就近原则,最近主语 a dictionary 为单数,用 is。 2. are — 就近原则,最近主语 two cats 为复数,用 are。 3. was — yesterday evening 提示一般过去时,主语 a football match 为单数,用 was。 4. will be — next Friday 提示一般将来时,用 will be(there will be)。 5. be — 情态动词 must 后接动词原形 be,there must be。 6. What — What a clever boy he is! 有名词 boy,用 What。 7. How — How fast the horse runs! 副词 fast 修饰 runs,用 How。 8. What — What beautiful flowers they are! 有名词 flowers,用 What。 9. How — How good the news is! 形容词 good 作表语,用 How。 10. What — What an interesting story it is! 有名词 story,用 What。 B组·能力提升 11. B — there be 的将来时用 there is going to be,不用 have。主语 a meeting 为单数。 12. B — 前句为否定句(have never been),倒装句用 Neither;have 与主语 I 保持一致,Neither have I。 13. A — weather 为不可数名词,感叹句用 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词,不加 a/an。 14. A — information 为不可数名词,用 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词,不加 an。 15. B — 强调句固定结构 It was + 被强调部分 + that,强调地点状语用 that。 16. have → be — there be 将来时是 there is going to be,不能用 have。 17. can he → he can — 前句"Tom can swim very well"指汤姆,答句主语同指汤姆,表赞同"他确实能",用 So he can(不倒装)。若表示"我也能"才用 So can I。 18. How → What — flowers 是名词,感叹句用 What + 形容词 + 复数名词。 C组·中考实战 19. is — 主语 a small park 为单数,用 is。 20. are — 主语 many trees and beautiful flowers 为复数,用 are。 21. are — 主语 lots of people 为复数,用 are。 22. were — last year 提示过去时,主语 only a few old trees 为复数,用 were。 23. is — 主语 a big change 为单数,用 is。 24. is — there is going to be 固定结构,主语 a small lake 为单数。 25. How — How beautiful the park is! 形容词 beautiful 用 How。 26. What — What a wonderful place to relax! 名词 place 用 What。 27. So — 前句"Tom likes it very much",Jack 也如此,用 So does Jack(此处只填空 So)。 28. will be — in the future 提示将来时,there will be。 29. B — 前句是否定句(didn't watch),答句表示"我也没看",用 Neither did I。 30. A — news 是不可数名词,感叹句用 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词,不加 an。 31. B — 强调句,被强调部分 Mr. Wang 是人,用 who/that。 附:本讲速记卡 特殊句型·核心考点速记 🔹 there be 句型口诀: 某地某时有什么,there be 来帮忙; be 动词看主语,就近原则别忘记; 将来时 there will be,不用 have 只用 be。 🔹 感叹句口诀: What 加名词,How 加形副; What a/an + 形 + 名单,What + 形 + 复/不可数, How + 形/副 + 主语谓语。 🔹 So/Neither 倒装口诀: 肯定也用 So,否定也用 Neither; 倒装语序别忘记:助动词/be/情态 + 主语; So + 主语 + 助动词,表示"确实如此"不倒装。 🔹 Here/There 倒装口诀: Here comes the bus(名词主语倒装), Here it comes(代词主语不倒装)。 🔹 强调句口诀: It is/was + 强调部分 + that/who; 去掉 It is 和 that,句子完整是强调; 句子不全是定从。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后,建议对照解析逐题订正,将错题记录到"易错本"中,考前重点复习。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中考英语语法第10讲 特殊句型:There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句&过关检测
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2026年中考英语语法第10讲 特殊句型:There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句&过关检测
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2026年中考英语语法第10讲 特殊句型:There be、感叹句、倒装句、强调句&过关检测
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