内容正文:
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
1
定语从句
一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
(在句子中作定语)
(Attributive clause)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后
哈利波特是一个拥有魔法力量的男孩。
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that,as
where, when,why
连接主句和从句,指代先行词,在从句中充当句子成分
关系词
代词 先行词所指 在从句中作何成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
指人;物
指物
指人
指人
(人/物)..的
作主语,宾语
作主语,宾语
作主语,宾语
作宾语
作定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
不可省
不可省
二. 关系代词的用法
Try
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Anna was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
1.找出先行词(人,物,所属关系等)
2.分析从句基本成分
3.选择合适的关系词
解题方法
三. 关系副词的用法
关系词
副词 先行词所指 在从句中作何成分 相当于
when
where
why
at,in,on,during等介词+which
in,at等介词+which
for+which
指时间
时间状语
地点状语
指原因
指地点
原因状语
如果充当主语或宾语,则用that/ which引导
Try
1.I will go to the farm ___ my father works.
where=on which
2.This is the reason ___ I didn’t come here.
why=for which
3.I still remember the day ___ I first came to this school.
when=on which
4.I will never forget the time ___ I spent with you.
that / which
5.I will never forget the time ___ was spent with you.
that / which
1.The way 作先行词时
在从句中作状语时,关系词用that / in which (两个也可省略)
析:This is the way ___ he studies English.
that / in which / 不填
四. 特殊用法
2.介词+关系代词
先行词是人 介词+whom
先行词是物 介词+which
析:He is the man on _______ you can rely.
whom
关系代词 用法
1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing,
something, anything, little, much等不定代词
2. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
3. 先行词既有人又有物
4. 先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,
much,the only,the very,the last 等修饰
5. 先行词是who或which引导的主句中
先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,
none,those等
一般用that
而不用which
一般用who
不用that
3.只用that/ who
1. This is the only novel ______ you want to borrow.
that
2. Here is something _____ I will tell you.
that
定语从句
非限制性定语从句
12
限制性定语从句与非限定定语从句的区别
1. 功能不同:
与先行词的关系 能否去掉
限制性定语从句 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 不可去掉,否则主句意义不完整
非限制定语从句 对先行词补充说明 可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整。
My elder sister __________has settled in Beijing sends me e-mail almost every day.
My elder sister, ______has settled in Beijing, sends me e-mail almost every day.
Who/that
who
2. 形式不同
限制性定语从句 紧跟在先行词后,不用逗号隔开
非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开
He is the man______has been removed from the company.
The project, _______lasted three years, cost no less than 1
billion dollars.
who
which
3.先行词不同
先行词
限定性定语从句 名词、代词或名词性短语
非限定性定语从句 名词、代词或名词性短语或整个句子
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
The novel, _______I read last night , is very interesting.
She said she had finished her work,__________ I doubted very
Much.
which
which
形式、含义、翻译上区别吗?
Read, translate and compare
1. I have a sister who/that is a doctor.
翻译:
含义:
形式:
2. I have a sister, who is a doctor.
翻译:
含义:
形式:
有逗号
我有一个当医生的姐姐姐姐
限制性,除了当医生的姐姐,我还有其她姐姐
我有一个姐姐,她是医生
没有逗号
非限制性,我只有一个姐姐,她当医生
有逗号
$