2026年中考英语重难点语法第5讲 被动语态：中考主动→被动三步转换满分技巧

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考被动语态专题，覆盖基本结构、各时态被动（一般现在/过去/将来时等）、三步转换法、特殊情况及主动表被动等核心考点，通过知识导图构建体系，考点清单明确考频，核心讲解分层突破，配合易错点拨和分层训练，形成“梳理-讲解-训练-反馈”系统复习链。 亮点在于“口诀化+分层化”教学策略，如“三步转换法”口诀助学生快速掌握主动变被动技巧，培养语言能力和思维品质。分层练习（基础达标、能力提升、中考实战）适配不同学生，真题模拟题结合即时反馈，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

中考重难点语法第5讲 被动语态：中考"主动→被动"三步转换满分技巧 栏目一：考点梳理 ① 知识导图 被动语态 ├── 基本概念 │ ├── 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 │ └── 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 ├── 基本结构：be + 过去分词 ├── 各时态被动语态 │ ├── 一般现在时：am/is/are + done │ ├── 一般过去时：was/were + done │ ├── 一般将来时：will be + done │ ├── 现在完成时：have/has been + done │ └── 含情态动词：can/must/should + be + done ├── 三步转换法 │ ├── 第一步：找到宾语，变为主语 │ ├── 第二步：动词改为 be + 过去分词（时态不变） │ └── 第三步：原主语改为 by + 宾格（可省略） ├── 不用被动的情况 │ ├── 不及物动词：happen, take place, appear, disappear │ ├── 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel │ └── 某些短语：belong to, take part in └── 主动形式表被动意义 ├── sell, wash, write, read + 副词 ├── need / require + doing └── be worth + doing ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ 一般现在时/一般过去时被动语态 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ 一般将来时被动语态 单项选择、句型转换 ★★★ 含情态动词的被动语态 单项选择 ★★ 主动语态与被动语态的转换 句型转换 ★★ 现在完成时被动语态 单项选择 ★★ 不及物动词/系动词无被动 单项选择 ★ 主动形式表被动意义 单项选择、语法填空 ③ 核心讲解 考点1：被动语态的基本概念与结构（★★★） 定义：当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。 语态 主语角色 示例 主动语态 动作执行者 Many people speak English. 被动语态 动作承受者 English is spoken by many people. 基本结构： be + 过去分词（done） be 动词要随人称、数和时态变化，过去分词永远不变。 考点2：各时态被动语态构成（★★★） 时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 示例 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去时 did was/were + done The bridge was built in 2005. 一般将来时 will do will be + done The work will be finished tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done The room has been cleaned. 含情态动词 can/must/should do can/must/should be + done The rules must be obeyed. 现在进行时（了解） am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done The road is being repaired. 过去进行时（了解） was/were doing was/were being + done The house was being painted. 中考重点：前五种是被动语态的必考形式，后两种仅要求了解。 考点3：主动语态转被动语态"三步转换法"（★★★） 三步转换法： 第一步：找宾语 —— 将主动句中的宾语提前，变为被动句的主语。 第二步：变动词 —— 将谓语动词改为"be + 过去分词"，be 的时态与原句一致。 第三步：移主语 —— 原主语变为"by + 宾格"，置于句末（通常可省略）。 示例1：一般现在时 步骤 操作 结果 原句 — Many people speak English. 第一步 宾语 English 提前 English ... 第二步 speak → is spoken（一般现在时，主语三单） English is spoken ... 第三步 原主语 Many people → by many people English is spoken by many people. 示例2：一般过去时 步骤 操作 结果 原句 — Tom broke the window yesterday. 第一步 宾语 the window 提前 The window ... 第二步 broke → was broken（一般过去时，主语单数） The window was broken ... 第三步 原主语 Tom → by Tom The window was broken by Tom yesterday. 示例3：一般将来时 步骤 操作 结果 原句 — They will build a new school next year. 第一步 宾语 a new school 提前 A new school ... 第二步 will build → will be built A new school will be built ... 第三步 原主语 They → by them（通常省略） A new school will be built next year. 示例4：含情态动词 步骤 操作 结果 原句 — We must protect the environment. 第一步 宾语 the environment 提前 The environment ... 第二步 must protect → must be protected The environment must be protected. 第三步 原主语 We → by us（通常省略） The environment must be protected. 口诀： 宾提前，变主语；be + 过去分词来替换，时态不变要牢记； 原主语，by 后面变宾格，不需强调可省去。 考点4：主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况（★★） ① 双宾语结构 有些动词可带两个宾语：直接宾语（物）+ 间接宾语（人）。 结构 示例 give sb. sth. He gave me a book. send sb. sth. She sent him a letter. show sb. sth. They showed us the way. teach sb. sth. Miss Li teaches us English. tell sb. sth. He told me a story. 两种被动转换方式： 转换方式 被动句 间接宾语（人）作主语 I was given a book (by him). 直接宾语（物）作主语 A book was given to me (by him). 注意：当直接宾语（物）作主语时，间接宾语前通常需加介词 to 或 for。 • give/send/show/teach/tell + to • buy/make/cook + for My mother bought me a gift. → A gift was bought for me. ② 感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中还原 to 主动语态 被动语态 see sb. do sth. sb. is seen to do sth. hear sb. do sth. sb. is heard to do sth. watch sb. do sth. sb. is watched to do sth. make sb. do sth. sb. is made to do sth. let sb. do sth. sb. is let do sth.（let 例外，不加 to） have sb. do sth. （have 不用于被动语态） 示例： • 主动：The boss made him work for 12 hours a day. • 被动：He was made to work for 12 hours a day. 口诀：主动省 to，被动还 to；let 例外不加 to。 考点5：不能使用被动语态的情况（★★） 类别 例词 说明 不及物动词 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fail 没有宾语，无被动 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn 表示状态，无被动 部分短语动词 belong to, take part in, consist of 表示归属/参与，无被动 典型错误示例： ❌ What was happened to you? ✅ What happened to you? ❌ The food is tasted delicious. ✅ The food tastes delicious. 考点6：主动形式表被动意义（★） 类型 示例 说明 感官/性质动词 + 副词 The book sells well. 书卖得好。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。 The shirt washes easily. 这件衬衫容易洗。 need / require + doing The flowers need watering. 花需要浇水了。 be worth + doing The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 注意：need doing = need to be done The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 栏目二：易错点拨 【易错1】被动语态中 be 动词的时态和人称变化 ❌ 错误：The trees planted every spring. ✅ 正确：The trees are planted every spring. 【错因分析】被动语态必须有 be 动词，且 be 动词要随主语的人称、数和时态变化。 【避坑技巧】 时态 be 的变化 一般现在时 am / is / are + done 一般过去时 was / were + done 一般将来时 will be + done 现在完成时 have / has been + done 含情态动词 can / must / should be + done 【易错2】不及物动词没有被动语态 ❌ 错误：The accident was happened last night. ✅ 正确：The accident happened last night. 【错因分析】happen 是不及物动词，没有宾语，不能构成被动语态。 【避坑技巧】 牢记常见不及物动词：happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fail, remain, exist 口诀："发生出现和消失，上升失败都存在，不及物来无被动。" 【易错3】感官动词在被动语态中要还原 to ❌ 错误：The boy was seen enter the room. ✅ 正确：The boy was seen to enter the room. 【错因分析】主动语态中感官动词后的宾补不带 to，但变为被动语态后必须还原 to。 【避坑技巧】 主动 被动 see/hear/watch/notice sb. do sth. sb. be seen/heard/watched/noticed to do sth. make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. let sb. do sth. sb. be let do sth.（let 不加 to） 【易错4】双宾语结构中"物"作主语时介词不可丢 ❌ 错误：A gift was bought me by my father. ✅ 正确：A gift was bought for me by my father. 【错因分析】当直接宾语（物）作被动句主语时，间接宾语（人）前需加介词 to 或 for。 【避坑技巧】 动词类型 介词 例词 give/send/show/teach/tell/lend/pass to give sth. to sb. buy/make/cook/sing/find for buy sth. for sb. 【易错5】系动词没有被动语态 ❌ 错误：The cake is tasted good. ✅ 正确：The cake tastes good. 【错因分析】taste 是系动词，表示"尝起来"，不表示被动的动作。 【避坑技巧】 五大感官系动词——look, sound, smell, taste, feel——永远用主动形式表状态含义。判断标准：如果动词可以替换为 be 动词而句意基本不变，则是系动词，无被动。 【易错6】主动形式表被动意义 ❌ 错误：This kind of book is sold well. ✅ 正确：This kind of book sells well. 【错因分析】sell 与 well, easily 等副词连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 【避坑技巧】 常见"主动表被动"的结构： • sell well（卖得好） • wash easily（容易洗） • write smoothly（写起来顺滑） • read easily（读起来容易） 栏目三：过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态和语态）。 1. English ______ (speak) in many countries around the world. 2. The Great Wall ______ (build) thousands of years ago. 3. The classroom ______ (clean) by students every day. 4. A new bridge ______ (build) in our city next year. 5. The work must ______ (finish) before Friday. II. 将下列主动句改为被动句。 6. Tom cleans the room every morning. → The room ______ ______ by Tom every morning. 7. They planted many trees last spring. → Many trees ______ ______ by them last spring. 8. We will hold a sports meeting next month. → A sports meeting ______ ______ ______ next month. 9. She has finished her homework. → Her homework ______ ______ ______ by her. 10. You should return the book to the library on time. → The book ______ ______ ______ to the library on time. B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. —Who is the little girl in the photo? —It's me. The photo ______ ten years ago. A. took　　B. was taken　　C. is taken　　D. has taken 12. The 24th Winter Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2022. A. held　　B. was held　　C. is held　　D. will be held 13. —Must the homework ______ by hand? —No, it can be printed. A. write　　B. be written　　C. be wrote　　D. is written 14. A lot of trees ______ along the road last spring. A. planted　　B. were planted　　C. are planted　　D. will be planted 15. —These bananas look different and they are sweet. —Right. They ______ here from Guangdong yesterday. A. was brought　　B. were brought　　C. brought　　D. are brought II. 单句改错（每句只有一处错误）。 16. The boy was seen enter the building. 17. A story was told for us by the teacher. 18. The accident was happened at the corner of the street. C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空（原创模拟）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history. It 19.______ (invent) by Cai Lun about 2,000 years ago. At that time, paper 20.______ (make) from bamboo and other plants. Today, paper 21.______ (use) everywhere in our daily life. Books, newspapers and magazines 22.______ (print) on paper. Paper can also 23.______ (recycle) to make new paper products. However, too much paper 24.______ (waste) every year. Many trees 25.______ (cut) down to make paper. If we don't save paper, more trees 26.______ (destroy) in the future. We should use both sides of every piece of paper. Used paper should 27.______ (collect) for recycling. If these things 28.______ (do), our environment will become better. II. 单项选择（原创模拟，贴近中考难度）。 29. —The school sports meeting ______ because of the heavy rain. —What a pity! A. canceled　　B. was canceled　　C. is canceled　　D. has canceled 30. The old man was seen ______ the road slowly by the policeman. A. cross　　B. to cross　　C. crossed　　D. crossing 31. —This kind of pen ______ very well in our shop. —I want to buy two. A. sells　　B. is sold　　C. sold　　D. was sold 栏目四：答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 is spoken 17 for → to 2 was built 18 去掉 was 3 is cleaned 19 was invented 4 will be built 20 was made 5 be finished 21 is used 6 is cleaned 22 are printed 7 were planted 23 be recycled 8 will be held 24 is wasted 9 has been finished 25 are cut 10 should be returned 26 will be destroyed 11 B 27 be collected 12 B 28 are done 13 B 29 B 14 B 30 D 15 B 31 A 16 enter → to enter 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. is spoken — 一般现在时被动语态，English 为单数，用 is spoken。 2. was built — thousands of years ago 为过去时间，the Great Wall 为单数，用 was built。 3. is cleaned — every day 提示一般现在时，the classroom 为单数，用 is cleaned。 4. will be built — next year 提示一般将来时，用 will be built。 5. be finished — 情态动词 must 后接 be + 过去分词，must be finished。 6. is cleaned — 一般现在时被动语态，主语 the room 为单数。 7. were planted — 一般过去时被动语态，主语 trees 为复数，用 were planted。 8. will be held — 一般将来时被动语态。 9. has been finished — 现在完成时被动语态，主语 homework 为不可数，用 has。 10. should be returned — 情态动词 should 后接 be + 过去分词。 B组·能力提升 11. B — ten years ago 提示一般过去时，the photo 与 take 之间是被动关系，用 was taken。 12. B — in 2022 提示一般过去时，the Winter Olympic Games 与 hold 之间是被动关系，用 was held。 13. B — Must 后接 be + 过去分词，write 的过去分词是 written，选 be written。 14. B — last spring 提示一般过去时，trees 为复数，用 were planted。 15. B — yesterday 提示一般过去时，they（bananas）为复数，与 bring 之间是被动关系，用 were brought。 16. enter → to enter — 感官动词在被动语态中要还原 to。 17. for → to — tell sth. to sb.，story 作主语时，间接宾语前用 to。 18. 去掉 was — happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。改为：The accident happened... C组·中考实战 19. was invented — 约 2000 年前为过去时间，paper 与 invent 之间为被动关系，用 was invented。 20. was made — at that time 为过去时间，paper 为单数，用 was made。 21. is used — today 提示一般现在时，paper 为单数，用 is used。 22. are printed — books, newspapers and magazines 为复数，用 are printed。 23. be recycled — can 后接 be + 过去分词，can be recycled。 24. is wasted — every year 提示一般现在时，too much paper 视为单数，用 is wasted。 25. are cut — trees 为复数，用 are cut down。 26. will be destroyed — in the future 提示一般将来时，用 will be destroyed。 27. be collected — should 后接 be + 过去分词，should be collected。 28. are done — 一般现在时被动语态，these things 为复数，用 are done。 29. B — 由语境可知运动会"被取消"，用被动语态；描述已发生的事实，用一般过去时 was canceled。 30. D — see sb. doing sth. 在被动语态中变为 sb. be seen doing sth.。如果用 to cross 则强调"看见全程"，cross 为瞬间动词，通常用 see sb. do 强调"看见全过程"。本题用 crossing 表示"看见老人正在缓慢过马路"，更符合语境。故选 D。 31. A — sell well 为主动形式表被动意义，描述一般情况用一般现在时 sells。 附：本讲速记卡 被动语态·核心考点速记 🔹 基本结构口诀： 被动语态 be 加 done， be 随时态来变化，过去分词永不变。 🔹 三步转换法口诀： 第一步，宾语提前变主语； 第二步，动词变 be + done，时态不变要牢记； 第三步，原主语加 by 变宾格，不需强调可省去。 🔹 感官/使役动词被动还原 to 口诀： 主动省 to 被动还，see hear watch make， 被动都要加 to 来，只有 let 不加 to。 🔹 无被动动词口诀： 发生出现和消失，上升失败都存在，不及物来无被动。 感官系词 look sound smell，taste feel 也无被动。 🔹 主动表被动口诀： 卖得好 sell well，容易洗 wash easily， 写得顺 write smoothly，读起来 read easily。 🔹 双宾语被动转换： 给予传递用 to，制作购买用 for。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后，建议对照解析逐题订正，将错题记录到"易错本"中，考前重点复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $