内容正文:
重大版五上 Unit 3 Famous People.
Lesson 2知识清单与详解
一、单元主题
Never Give Up, Dreams Come True(永不放弃,梦想成真)
本课讲述了"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平的故事。他有一个伟大的梦想——让世界上每个人都有足够的食物吃。为了实现这个梦想,他努力工作,尝试种植更好的水稻。从1964年到1973年,他失败了大约三千次,但他从未放弃,一次又一次地尝试。最后,他的梦想终于实现了。课文还配有古诗《悯农》,引导学生珍惜粮食。本课旨在学习袁隆平坚持不懈、永不放弃的精神,同时复习一般过去时。
二、核心词汇详解
序号
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配 / 例句
1
fail
/feɪl/
v.
失败;未能
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
fail about 3,000 times 失败约3000次
过去式:failed(规则)
He failed many times.
2
farmer
/ˈfɑːmə(r)/
n.
农民;农场主
a farmer 一个农民
Yuan Longping is a great farmer.
复数:farmers
由 farm(农场)+ er 构成
3
grow
/ɡrəʊ/
v.
种植;生长
grow better rice 种植更好的水稻
grow up 长大
过去式:grew(不规则)
He tried to grow better rice.
4
other
/ˈʌðə(r)/
adj.
另外的;其他的
other people 其他人
other countries 其他国家
each other 互相
His work helps other people.
5
true
/truː/
adj.
真实的;真的
come true 实现
a true story 一个真实的故事
His dream came true.
6
work
/wɜːk/
v./n.
工作;作品
work hard 努力工作
his great work 他的伟大作品/工作
过去式:worked(规则)
He worked hard.
7
world
/wɜːld/
n.
世界
in the world 在世界上
everyone in the world 世界上每个人
around the world 全世界
Everyone in the world should have enough to eat.
易错提示:
① grow 是不规则动词,过去式是 grew,过去分词是 grown。
② come true 意为"实现",是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。不能说 be come true。
③ other 后接复数名词(other people),another 后接单数名词(another student),注意区分。
④ work 作"工作"时是不可数名词,作"作品、著作"时是可数名词。课文中 his great work 指他的伟大成就/工作。
三、重点短语
短语
释义
例句
have a dream
有一个梦想
He had a dream.
everyone in the world
世界上每个人
Everyone in the world should have enough to eat.
have enough to eat
有足够的食物吃
Everyone should have enough to eat.
work hard
努力工作
He worked hard.
try to do sth.
努力做某事
He tried to grow better rice.
grow better rice
种植更好的水稻
He tried to grow better rice.
from...to...
从……到……
From 1964 to 1973, he failed many times.
fail about 3,000 times
失败约3000次
He failed about three thousand times.
give up
放弃
He didn't give up.
again and again
一次又一次地
He tried again and again.
at last
最后;终于
At last, his dream came true.
come true
实现
His dream came true.
have enough to eat
有足够的食物
Now, the Chinese people have enough to eat.
help other people
帮助其他人
His work helps other people in the world.
in the world
在世界上
His work helps people in the world.
四、核心句型
句型 1:have a dream + 同位语从句(有一个……的梦想)
He had a dream: Everyone in the world should have enough to eat.
他有一个梦想:世界上每个人都应该有足够的食物吃。
结构:主语 + had a dream: + 梦想的具体内容.
had 是 have 的过去式(不规则);冒号后是 dream 的具体内容,相当于同位语。
should 是情态动词,意为"应该",后接动词原形。
例句:She had a dream: She could fly. / I have a dream: Everyone can be happy.
句型 2:try to do sth. 努力做某事
He tried to grow better rice.
他努力种植更好的水稻。
结构:主语 + try/tried + to + 动词原形 + 其他.
try to do sth. 意为"努力/试图做某事",强调付出努力去做。
try 变过去式:tried(变 y 为 i 加 ed,规则变化)。
对比:try doing sth. 尝试做某事(试试看);try to do sth. 努力做某事(尽力去做)。
例句:I try to learn English. / She tried to pass the exam. / They tried to help him.
句型 3:from...to... 从……到……
From 1964 to 1973, he failed about three thousand times.
从1964年到1973年,他失败了大约三千次。
结构:From + 起点 + to + 终点, + 句子.
from...to... 表示时间或空间的范围,意为"从……到……"。
about 意为"大约",修饰数字 three thousand times。
time 此处意为"次数",是可数名词,three thousand times 三千次。
例句:From Monday to Friday, we go to school. / From here to the park is 2 kilometers.
句型 4:not give up 不放弃 ★重点
He didn't give up. He tried again and again.
他没有放弃。他一次又一次地尝试。
结构:主语 + didn't + give up. / 主语 + give up + doing sth.
give up 意为"放弃",是"动词+副词"构成的短语动词。
give up 后接动词时,用动名词形式(doing):give up doing sth. 放弃做某事。
again and again 意为"一次又一次地、反复地",相当于 over and over again。
例句:Don't give up! / He gave up smoking. / She tried again and again.
句型 5:come true 实现 ★重点
At last, his dream came true.
最后,他的梦想实现了。
结构:(梦想/愿望) + come/came true.
come true 意为"实现、成真",主语通常是 dream, wish, hope 等表示愿望的名词。
came 是 come 的过去式(不规则)。
注意:come true 是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。不能说 "His dream was come true."
例句:My dream came true. / I hope your wish will come true. / Her dream came true at last.
句型 6:help sb. 帮助某人
His great work also helps other people in the world.
他的伟大成就也帮助了世界上的其他人。
结构:主语 + help(s) + 宾语 + 其他.
help 意为"帮助",可作及物动词,后直接接宾语。
常见结构:help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事(to 可省略);help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人。
also 意为"也",放在实义动词之前、be 动词之后。
other people 其他人(other 后接复数名词)。
例句:I help my mother cook. / She helps me with English. / He also helps others.
五、语法点精讲
1. 一般过去时——不规则动词过去式 ★重点
本课出现了多个不规则动词的过去式,需要特别记忆。
原形
过去式
课文例句
记忆提示
have/has
had
He had a dream.
have→had(去掉ve加d)
come
came
His dream came true.
o→a 变化
give
gave
He didn't give up.
i→a 变化
grow
grew
He tried to grow better rice.
o→e 变化(原形用,过去式grew)
is/am
was
He was a great farmer.
be 动词过去式
注意:give up 中 give 的过去式是 gave,但否定句中用了助动词 didn't,后面的动词用原形 give,所以是 didn't give up。
2. 一般过去时——规则动词过去式
本课也出现了多个规则动词的过去式。
原形
过去式
变化规则
课文例句
work
worked
一般加 -ed
He worked hard.
fail
failed
一般加 -ed
He failed about 3,000 times.
try
tried
变 y 为 i 加 -ed
He tried to grow better rice.
help
helped
一般加 -ed
His work helps other people.(现在时)
3. 动副短语 give up 的用法
give up 是"动词+副词"构成的短语动词,意为"放弃"。
用法:
① give up + 名词/代词:give up the plan(放弃计划)
② give up + doing sth.:give up trying(放弃尝试),后接动名词,不能接不定式
③ 代词作宾语时,放在 give 和 up 中间:give it up(放弃它),不能说 give up it
④ 否定形式:don't/doesn't/didn't give up
课文例句:He didn't give up. He tried again and again.
拓展:类似的动副短语还有 put on(穿上), take off(脱下), turn on(打开)等。
4. again and again 反复表达
again and again 意为"一次又一次地、反复地",表示动作重复发生。
结构:同一个词用 and 连接,表示反复、持续。
课文例句:He tried again and again.(他一次又一次地尝试。)
类似表达:
① over and over again 一遍又一遍地
② time and time again 一次又一次地
③ year after year 年复一年地
④ day after day 日复一日地
⑤ one by one 一个接一个地
这些表达都强调动作的重复性和持续性,常用于描述坚持不懈的行为。
六、课文逐句解析(P.35)
预测题答案:B. farmer(袁隆平是农学家/农民科学家);A. came true(梦想实现了)
人物:"He" 指袁隆平(Yuan Longping),被誉为"杂交水稻之父"。
原文
翻译
解析
He had a dream: Everyone in the world should have enough to eat.
他有一个梦想:世界上每个人都应该有足够的食物吃。
had 是 have 的过去式(不规则);冒号后是 dream 的具体内容;everyone in the world 世界上每个人;should 应该(情态动词+动词原形);have enough to eat 有足够的食物吃;点明袁隆平的伟大梦想。
He worked hard. He tried to grow better rice.
他努力工作。他努力种植更好的水稻。
worked 工作(规则过去式);work hard 努力工作;tried 努力(try 的过去式,变y为i加ed);try to do sth. 努力做某事;grow 种植(原形,因为在 try to 后);better 更好的(good 的比较级);描述他为实现梦想付出的努力。
From 1964 to 1973, he failed about three thousand times.
从1964年到1973年,他失败了大约三千次。
From...to... 从……到……(时间范围);failed 失败(规则过去式);about 大约;three thousand times 三千次(time 表次数,可数);用具体数字说明失败次数之多,突出研究的艰辛。
He didn't give up. He tried again and again.
他没有放弃。他一次又一次地尝试。
didn't give up 没有放弃(否定句,didn't+动词原形);give up 放弃(动副短语);tried again and again 一次又一次地尝试;again and again 反复地;突出袁隆平坚持不懈、永不放弃的精神。
At last, his dream came true.
最后,他的梦想实现了。
At last 最后、终于(强调经过努力后达成);his dream 他的梦想;came true 实现(come 的过去式 came,不规则);come true 是不及物短语,无被动;故事的高潮和结局——梦想成真。
Now, the Chinese people have enough to eat. His great work also helps other people in the world.
现在,中国人民有足够的食物吃。他的伟大成就也帮助了世界上的其他人。
Now 现在(时间转换,从过去回到现在);the Chinese people 中国人民;have enough to eat 有足够的食物吃;his great work 他的伟大成就/工作;also 也(实义动词前);helps 帮助(一般现在时,主语单数);other people 其他人;in the world 在世界上;说明袁隆平贡献的深远影响,不仅造福中国,也惠及世界。
故事发展顺序(P.36)
顺序
句子
阶段
1
He had a great dream.
梦想确立
2
He failed about 3,000 times.
遭遇失败
3
He never gave up.
坚持不懈
4
His dream came true.
梦想成真
古诗拓展:《悯农》(P.37)
Toiling Farmers(悯农)—— 李绅(唐)
英文
中文
解析
In noon sun farmers hoe their fields;
锄禾日当午,
noon sun 正午的太阳;hoe 锄地;fields 田地
Sweat keeps dripping into the soil.
汗滴禾下土。
sweat 汗水;drip 滴落;soil 土壤
Be sure to value the food for our meals;
谁知盘中餐,
be sure to 务必;value 珍惜;meals 餐食
As every grain of it comes from hard toil.
粒粒皆辛苦。
every grain 每一粒;come from 来自;hard toil 辛勤劳作
讨论问题:What should we do to value food?(我们应该怎样珍惜粮食?)
We should...(我们应该……)
We shouldn't...(我们不应该……)
参考:We should eat up all the food. / We shouldn't waste food. / We should order properly.
主旨启示:袁隆平爷爷用一生的努力让我们有足够的粮食吃,我们应该珍惜每一粒粮食,不浪费食物,同时学习他永不放弃、坚持梦想的精神。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$