Unit 5 Working the Land 教材助读-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参（人教版）

该高中英语Unit5知识清单围绕“耕种土地”主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如hybrid, devote, tackle等）、固定搭配及复合句语法（定语从句、主语从句等）。前有词汇语法基础铺垫，后通过袁隆平事迹及化学与有机耕作对比两篇语篇，构建从基础到主题理解的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇积累—语法解析—语篇应用”逻辑展开，词汇标注词性与搭配，语法附实例解析。语篇融合科学精神与环保议题，助力学生提升语言能力，通过对比分析培养思维品质，渗透文化意识，适合深度学习与教学应用。

UNIT5　WORKING THE LAND 教材原文助读9 ①pioneer n．先锋；拓荒者 ②hybrid ['haIbrId] n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 ③work the land 耕种土地； 在田间劳作 ④slim adj.瘦削的，苗条的 ⑤devote [dI'vəʊt] vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心 ⑥pursue a career 从事一种职业 ⑦shortage ['ʃɔːtIdʒ] n．不足； 缺少；短缺 a shortage of缺少 ⑧tackle ['tækl] vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 ⑨crisis ['kraIsIs] n．(pl.crises [-siːz])危机；危急关头 in crisis 处于危机中 ⑩work as 担任；以……身份工作 ⑪solution n．解决办法；处理手段；答案 ⑫boost [buːst] vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 ⑬yield [jiːld] n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 ⑭convince [kən'vIns] vt.使相信； 使确信；说服 sb.be convinced that... 某人相信…… ⑮cross n．杂交动植物；十字形 v．穿过 ⑯varieties of a species 一个物种的变种 ⑰characteristic [ˌkærəktə'rIstIk] n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 ⑱attain [ə'teIn] vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 ⑲conventional [kən'venʃənl] adj.传统的；习惯的 ⑳pollinate ['pɒləneIt] vt.授粉；传粉 ㉑assumption [ə'sʌmpʃn] n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 ㉒intense [In'tens] adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 ㉓overcome [ˌəʊvə'kʌm] vt. (overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 ㉔enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的 ㉕enable v．使能够，使可能 enable sb.to do sth.使某人能做某事 ㉖expand [Ik'spænd] vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务) ㉗output ['aʊtpʊt] n．产量；输出；输出量vt.(output，output)输出 ㉘estimate ['estImət] vt.估计； 估价；估算 n．估计；估算 it is estimated that...据估计…… ㉙domestic [də'mestIk] adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 ㉚consumption [kən'sʌmpʃn] n．消耗；消耗量；消费 ㉛be comprised of包括；包含； 由……组成(或构成) comprise [kəm'praIz] vt.包括； 包含；由……组成 ㉜generate ['dʒenəreIt] vt.产生；引起 ㉝strain [streIn] n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 ㉞innovation n．创新；革新 ㉟invaluable adj.无价的；非常贵重的 ㊱numerous adj.许多的，很多的 ㊲leisure ['leʒə(r)] n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 ㊳far from the case 远非如此 ㊴deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 ㊵soil [sɔIl] n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土 ㊶care for 关心，照顾；喜欢 ㊷celebrity [sə'lebrəti] n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 ㊸make donations to do sth.捐款做某事 ㊹ongoing adj.仍在进行的；不断前进的 ㊺fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想 ㊻envision [In'vIʒn] vt.展望；想象 ㊼sorghum ['sɔːɡəm] n．高粱； 高粱米　 ㊽ear n．(谷类植物的)穗；耳朵 ㊾broom [bruːm] n．扫把；扫帚； 金雀花 ㊿grain [ɡreIn] n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 vision ['vIʒn] n．想象；视力；视野；影像 reality [ri'æləti] n．现实；实际情况；事实 become a reality 变成现实 potentially adv.可能地，潜在地　 open up打开；开发 salty ['sɔːlti] adj.含盐的；咸的 dream up想出，创造，设想 A PIONEER① FOR ALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, [1]known as the “father of hybrid② rice”， was one of China's most famous scientists.Yet，he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land③ in his research.Indeed, his slim④ but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, [2]to whom he had devoted⑤ his life． [1]此处是过去分词短语作定语，修饰Yuan Longping。“be known as...”意为“以……著称；被称为”。 [2]此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词farmers。“devote...to”是固定搭配，此处介词to被提到了关系代词前面。 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career⑥ in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage⑦ of food to eat. [3]To tackle⑧ this crisis⑨， he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. [3]此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 After graduating in 1953, he worked as⑩ a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution⑪．Instead，farmers needed to boost⑫ yields⑬ in the fields [4]they had. [5]How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced⑭ that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross⑮ between two or more varieties of a species⑯. One characteristic⑰ of hybrids is [6]that they usually attain⑱ a higher yield than conventional⑲ crops．However, [7]whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating⑳ plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption㉑ then was that it could not be done. [8]Through intense㉒ effort，Yuan overcame㉓ enormous㉔ technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice [9]that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled㉕ farmers to expand㉖ their output㉗ greatly. [4]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词the fields。当引导词that/which在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。 [5]此处是主语从句，引导词是how，整个从句一起作主语。 [6]此处是表语从句，引导词that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。 [7]此处是由whether引导的主语从句。 [8]此处是介词短语作状语。 [9]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词the first hybrid rice。 Today, it is estimated㉘ that about 60 percent of domestic㉙ rice consumption㉚ in China is comprised of ㉛ crops generated㉜ from Yuan's hybrid strains㉝ , and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.Yuan's innovation㉞ has helped feed not just China, but many other countries [10]that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam．Because of his invaluable㉟ contributions，Yuan Longping received numerous㊱ awards both in China and abroad. [10]此处是定语从句，先行词是countries，that在定语从句中作主语，此处that也可换成which。 Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure㊲ .However, this is far from the case㊳ .Deep down㊴ ，Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil㊵ , he cared little for㊶ celebrity㊷ or money. Instead, he made large donations to support㊸ agricultural research. [11]What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing㊹ ability to fulfil his dreams㊺ .Long ago, he envisioned㊻ rice plants as tall as sorghum㊼， with each ear㊽ of rice as big as a broom㊾ , and each grain㊿ of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing a kind of rice [12]that could feed more people at home and abroad．His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality，and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next. [11]此处是主语从句。what是主语从句的引导词，在主语从句中作主语。 [12]此处是定语从句，先行词是a kind of rice，that在定语从句中作主语。 全民先锋 袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为他一直在田间从事他的研究工作。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 1953年毕业后，他从事了研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积。相反，农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信他可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，是一个有很大争议的问题。当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交作物使农民能够大幅度地增加他们的水稻产量。 据估计，现在中国国内消耗的约60%的大米是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种生产的水稻组成的，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约2亿吨大米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，比如印度和越南。因为他做出的不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。 考虑到袁隆平的杂交水稻使他变得相当富有，人们可能认为他已经退休，享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名声和金钱。相反，他大量捐款支持农业研究。 最让人印象深刻的是袁隆平不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻像高粱一样高，每一个谷穗都像扫帚一样大，每一粒米都像花生一样大。他成功地培育出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的大米。他后续培育“海水稻”的设想也成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。甚至在他的晚年，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，满怀憧憬，每个人对他下一步的设想都激动不已。 教材原文助读10 ①chemical ['kemIkl] adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品 ②organic [ɔː'ɡænIk] adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的； 有机物的 ③pesticide ['pestIsaId] n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 ④widespread ['waIdspred] adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 ⑤over time随着时间的推移 ⑥bacterium [bæk'tIəriəm] n．(pl.-ria[-riə])细菌 ⑦in addition另外，此外 in addition to除……之外(还有) ⑧in turn相应地；转而； 依次；轮流 ⑨digest [daI'dʒest] vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟 ['daIdʒest] n．摘要；文摘 ⑩DDT n．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂) ⑪as for至于，关于 ⑫too...to... 太……而不能…… ⑬nutrition [nju'trIʃn] n. 营养；滋养 ⑭essential [I'senʃl] adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 be essential to/for 对……来说必不可少 ⑮mineral ['mInərəl] n. 矿物；矿物质 ⑯flavour(NAmE-vor) ['fleIvə] n.味道；特点； 特色 ⑰as well也，又，同样 ⑱alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətIv] n．可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 ⑲switch to转变；转向 switch off (用开关) 关掉；切断(电源) ⑳turn to转向；求助于； 致力于 ㉑grocery ['ɡrəʊsəri] n. 食品杂货店； [pl.] 食品杂货 ㉒focus on/upon关注； 聚焦于　 ㉓keep...free of/from 使……免于 ㉔means n．手段；方法 ㉕instance ['Instəns] n. 例子；实例；事例 for instance例如；比如 ㉖wheat [wiːt] n．小麦； 小麦籽 ㉗batch [bætʃ] n．一批；一组vt.分批处理 a batch of一批 ㉘diverse adj.不同的； 多种多样的 ㉙depth [depθ] n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) ㉚root [ruːt] n．根；根茎； 根部；根源 ㉛entirely [In'taIəli] adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 entire adj.全部的；整个的，完全的 ㉜serve the demand满足需求　 ㉝meet the need满足需求 ㉞sufficient adj.足够的；充分的 CHEMICAL① VERSUS ORGANIC② FARMING Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.Over time⑤， however, [1]what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health． [1]句中“what some scientists have found”是主语从句，what是引导词，意为“……的事”；“that their long-term...people's health”是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，也没有意义。 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects, but also helpful ones.In addition⑦， these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops [2]grown on the land and, in turn⑧，the animals and humans [3]who digest⑨ them．Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT⑩have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage [4]they cause to people and the environment．As for⑪ chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to⑫ be rich in nutrition⑬．They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential⑭ minerals⑮， and they often have less flavour⑯as well⑰． [2]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句“that are grown on the land”。 [3]此处是定语从句，先行词是the animals and humans，引导词who在定语从句中作主语。 [4]此处是定语从句，先行词是damage，引导词是that或which，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。cause damage to意为“对……造成损害”。 As an alternative⑱， some farmers have switched to⑲organic farming, and many customers have turned to⑳organic food when they shop at the local grocery㉑．Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on㉒ keeping their soil rich and free of㉓ disease through natural means㉔．For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. 　　Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance㉕， they may grow corn or wheat㉖ in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. [5]Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch㉗ of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse㉘ crops [6]that use different depths㉙ of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots㉚. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. [5]句中“Why different crops are grown”是主语从句，引导词Why在主语从句中作状语；“that they...the ground”是表语从句；“making...of crops”是现在分词短语作结果状语。 [6]此处是定语从句，先行词是crops，引导词that在定语从句中作主语，也可用which替换。 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely㉛. [7]What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand㉜ for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need㉝．Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution [8]that puts sufficient㉞ food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. [7]句中“What keeps them from doing so”是主语从句，引导词What在主语从句中作主语。句中“that chemical farming...the world”是同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，引导词that没有意义，只起连接作用。 [8]此处是定语从句，引导词that在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词solution。 化学耕作和有机耕作 自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用这些东西有时会损害土地和人们的健康。 例如，农药不但可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，而且可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这会影响到在土地上生长的作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，施了化肥的农作物通常生长得太快，以至于不会富有营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。 作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民使用天然的动物粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。 　　有机耕作的农民也使用许多其他方法来使土壤肥沃。他们经常每年都改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物(的生长)做好准备。有机耕作的农民还种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。例如，花生长在浅层土壤，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。 有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学耕作满足了世界各地对食品的巨大需求。有机耕作远不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时尽可能地保持人们和环境健康，仍然有很长的路要走。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $