Unit 5 Period 3 课后巩固 多维提能-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参（人教版）

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过“基础知识巩固练”与“综合能力提升练”分层设计，构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课基础夯实与能力进阶需求，助力语言能力与思维品质发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础知识巩固练|词形转换、固定搭配、句型结构（含倒装、分词作状语等）、主题语篇（改编自教材U4）|按语言要素维度划分，聚焦基础考点，如词形转换题强化词汇应用，完成句子题训练语法结构，主题语篇题衔接教材内容| |综合能力提升练|阅读理解（科普/记叙文）、七选五（垂直农业）、完形填空（心理干预）|选用真实情境语篇，如斯坦福玉米研究、Project: Camp心理帮助案例，融合信息获取与思维推断，提升语言综合运用能力|

[基础知识巩固练] 维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换 1．If you are in need of a deadline extension(extend), simply explain the situation to the professor. 2．I am writing to ask for your valuable advice on the aspects(aspect) of traditional Chinese culture which are extremely appealing to foreign friends. 3．Judging from his confident statements, I was entirely(entire) convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly. 4．Many experts suggest that we should choose nutritional(nutrition) foods like fresh fruits and vegetables, because they can provide our bodies with essential vitamins. 5．The guide warned us not to swim in that lake, for no one knows the exact depth(deep) of it and it may be dangerous. 6．Many traditional festivals are rooted(root) in ancient legends, and they have been passed down from generation to generation for hundreds of years. 7．I could come to your house, or alternatively(alternative), we could meet in the town. 8．Farmers should avoid using too many harmful chemicals(chemical) in their fields, because these substances will pollute the soil and underground water. 9．Many children in remote areas dropped out of school because of poverty(poor) many years ago, but with the help of the government they return to classrooms now. 10．The community garden is managed organically(organic) by the residents, who plant vegetables and flowers together without using any pesticides. 维度二　固定用法和搭配 1．Winter is coming, and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to keep them free of/from cold. 2．You should focus on/upon your studies so that you can build a solid foundation for your future career. 3．As has been mentioned above, all these devices are essential to/for remote control. 4．As the seasons change, the colors of the leaves change in turn from green to yellow. 5．The government adopted a series of environmental policies, leading(lead) to a significant improvement in air quality in the city. 6．Look! Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying(enjoy) the film now. 7．The Internet is a technological wonder, bringing about far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives. 8．In addition to playing basketball, he is also fond of reading science fiction novels in his spare time. 9．He expressed his hope that he could visit the Great Wall with his parents during the summer vacation. 10．Volunteers went to the mountain village to help(help) the children with their studies and bring them new books. 维度三　完成句子/一句多译 1．这个项目不仅会助力环境保护，还会为当地民众带来经济效益。(“not only...but also...”引起的部分倒装) Not only will the project help protect the environment, but it will also bring economic benefits to the local people. 2．她每天花几个小时练习小提琴，结果在相对较短的时间内达到了很高的熟练程度。[现在分词(短语)作结果状语] She spent hours practicing the violin every day, developing a high level of proficiency in a relatively short period. 3．汤姆错过了校车，他别无选择，只能跑步去学校。 Tom missed the school bus and he had no alternative but to run to school． 4．当我们应对突发事件时，保持冷静并及时采取恰当措施至关重要。 (1)When we deal with emergencies, it is essential for us to stay calm and take proper measures in time． (2)When we deal with emergencies, it is essential that we (should) stay calm and take proper measures in time． 5．秋天农场有很多水果要采摘，所以所有工人都轮流在果园里采收苹果和梨。 (1)The farm has a lot of fruit to pick in autumn, so all the workers take turns to harvest/(at/in) harvesting apples and pears in the orchard. (2)The farm has a lot of fruit to pick in autumn, so all the workers harvest apples and pears by turns in the orchard. 维度四　融合教材·主题探究 【改编自译林必修一U4】 Teen faints after skipping meals STONECHESTER—A teenage girl fainted yesterday at Stonechester High School after skipping meals. Jennifer Jones, 15, told friends in her class that she was feeling unwell.She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital. Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately. Her worried parents told the doctor that their daughter missed breakfast that day and hardly touched her dinner the night before.Fortunately, she is now out of danger.Her doctor says that she will make a full recovery in a day or two. Jennifer's classmates hope to see her back at school soon.They say that she has struggled with eating problems for a long time. “Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight，” her friend Laura Williams told our reporter.“She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months.She told me she had trouble concentrating in class.I warned her that skipping meals was unhealthy, but she wouldn't listen.” Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes.In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. Health experts are concerned about these figures. They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.They have also warned them against using such extreme methods. “These so-called ‘quick-fix methods’ prove to be harmful to teenagers.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. However, for those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly，” said an expert. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well.If they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. She added，“What's more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips，because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape.” 1．What do you know about Jennifer according to paragraph 3? A．She fainted in her morning English class. B．She didn't eat any breakfast that day. C．She had fainted once the night before. D．She didn't feel uncomfortable before she fainted. 2．What should the teenagers do if they are slightly overweight? A．They should not be too worried about it. B．They should be concerned about their weight all the time. C．They should try their best to lose weight as much as possible. D．They should eat less and do as much exercise as possible to lose weight. 3．What are health authorities trying to educate teens about? A．The side effects of eating too little. B．The side effects of eating too much. C．The side effects of losing weight too quickly. D．The side effects of losing weight too slowly. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Unhealthy weight-loss. B．Skipping meals. C．Physical appearance. D．Healthy diets. 答案：1～4.BACA [综合能力提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Iowa has long been known as the heartland of farming in the U. S. But a changing climate and environment are washing away soil and weakening its health. However, most family farmers here, who have owned and worked the land for generations, recognize soil health is crucial in reducing the worst effects of climate change. Wendy Johnson left Iowa to pursue a career in fashion in California in 2002.But when her grandmother passed away, Wendy began thinking about the legacy (家业) of the family farm: She didn't want to see all the hard work her grandparents and parents put into the land here lost. Thus, in 2010, Wendy returned and began co-managing the family farm, Center View Farm, with her father. Center View Farm was already an early adopter of no-till (免耕) farming then. Tilling the soil actually degrades soil health. Experts estimate the planet loses billions of tons of rich soil each year. This would be a disaster for the world's food systems unless regenerative agricultural practices, which help fight climate change and grow food while restoring nature, are adopted. For example, in no-till farming, new seeds are planted directly into the residue (残留) of previous crops. But Wendy wanted to do more. Since she moved back, Wendy has been working with Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI), a farmer-led nonprofit, to innovate the way her family farms. She managed to plant various cover crops to preserve the richness of the soil. She also attended the field days hosted by PFI that help connect farmers and enable them to learn from each other's innovations. At one PFI field day, she learned about organic animal raising. Now, while Center View Farm continues to provide the main income stream for her parents, Wendy started Jóia Food & Fiber Farm, a certified organic farm, to test other restorative practices. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国艾奥瓦州受气候变化影响土壤受损，温迪为延续家族农场事业返乡，采用免耕法、种植覆盖作物等可持续农业方式，助力应对气候变化。 1．What motivated Wendy to return to Iowa? A．Her love of her grandmother. B．Her promise to farm with her father. C．Her dream of being a fashion designer. D．Her desire to carry on her family's work. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But when her grandmother passed away...put into the land here lost.”可知，温迪想继承家族事业的愿望促使她回到艾奥瓦州。 2．Why is Center View Farm mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To present a solution to low crop yields. B．To provide a role model for local farmers. C．To introduce a novel way to improve the soil. D．To stress the significance of smart agriculture. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Center View Farm...of previous crops.”可推知，提到该农场是为了引出一种改良土壤的新方法。 3．What role did Wendy play in the PFI field days? A．An enthusiastic participant. B．A generous sponsor. C．A knowledgeable instructor. D．A responsible organizer. A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She also attended the field days hosted by PFI...organic animal raising.”可知，温迪在PFI领域扮演热心参与者的角色。 4．What does Wendy's practice indicate? A．Cover crops matter a lot. B．Organic change occurs naturally. C．Land is the lasting legacy. D．Sustainable farming is climate action. D　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章核心逻辑为“气候变化威胁土壤健康→家族农场采用免耕法→温迪进一步创新，种植覆盖作物、发展有机农业，践行再生农业”。由此可推知，温迪的实践说明了通过可持续农业应对气候变化，即可持续农业是气候行动。 B (2026·长沙长郡中学高二期中)A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties, including many used for developing high-output corn in the U．S., appear to have lost part of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change increasing droughts, the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant (抗旱的) varieties of corn. The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic-mechanisms (遗传机制) behind “hydropatterning (水力模式)”， or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. In particular, the researchers discovered that ethylene, a plant hormone (激素) known to help bananas ripen, also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots. They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems，” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is that if the plant doesn't waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn't find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene's involvement was a new discovery. In experiments with thale cress—a model plant often used in research—the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water, while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项由斯坦福大学领导的研究，该研究揭示了玉米根系如何感知并趋向土壤中的水分，以及这一能力在不同玉米品种中的差异，尤其是与抗旱性相关的遗传机制。 5．What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study? A．Drought-resistant corn varieties. B．Ethylene's effect on fruit ripening. C．Genetic control of root branching. D．Impact of climate change on plant roots. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in the journal...toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.”可知，斯坦福大学领导的这项研究的主要焦点是根分枝的遗传控制。 6．What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies' remarks? A．Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B．Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems.　 C．Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D．Stronger hydropatterning was linked to greater root depth. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，更强的水模式与更大的根深有关。 7．What can we learn about ethylene from paragraph 5? A．It has long been known to control corn roots' response to water. B．It works with auxin to promote root branching toward water. C．It prevents root branching when the root comes into contact with air. D．It is the only plant hormone affecting corn roots' water response. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In experiments with thale cress...when the root is exposed to air.”可知，当根部接触到空气时，乙烯可以防止根部分叉。 8．What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A．Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B．Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C．Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D．Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员在培育出具有更抗旱根系的玉米品种之前，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这些遗传途径的相互作用。因此，最后一段建议未来的研究找出基因相互作用的机制。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2026·茂名一中高二期中)In cities across the globe, up to a quarter of office buildings are unoccupied, along with other urban properties, from storage to abandoned skyscrapers. To put this space to use, many cities are transforming empty buildings for other uses.1.________________ Just as the name suggests, vertical (垂直的) farming is the practice of growing crops in layers as opposed to traditional horizontal rows. These layers are often placed in spaces unfit for farming, but now we can grow crops there due to advanced agricultural methods.2.________________ However, thanks to technology, artificial light, and controlled temperatures and humidity, office spaces have proved to be great environments for farming. 3．________________ It dates back to over 2，000 years ago with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Modern vertical farming simply began as an experiment in 1999, focused on growing food on the rooftops of Manhattan. Their work eventually transformed into using high-rise buildings as vertical farms to feed thousands of people in a sustainable manner. Vertical farming is now a $6 billion industry. The main benefit of vertical farming is that it maximizes the yield of crops by efficiently using space. 4.________________ It is made possible by their controlled environments and soilless agriculture methods like hydroponics (水培法). Hydroponics allows plants to grow in a water-based solution rather than soil, saving water. In fact, hydroponic systems only require 10% of the water of a traditional field. Despite being untraditional, vertical farms produce over 50 types of plants, ranging from leafy greens and herbs to experimental fruits and more! 5.________________ The reason lies in the fact that they are capable of growing a variety of produce at all times and providing people with local fresh foods at affordable prices. A．Vertical farming has a rich history. B．One solution is indoor vertical farming. C．The practice isn't as simple as it sounds. D．Most vertical farms can grow all year round. E．That said, vertical farming will replace traditional agriculture soon. F.Despite the benefits, the method also comes with considerable downsides. G．This diversity and consistent output help address a critical urban issue: food deserts. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市中利用空置建筑发展垂直农业的相关情况。 1．B　解析：上文提出“改造空置建筑”的需求，因此空处应承接该需求，给出具体的改造方向。B项符合语境。 2．C　解析：根据上下文内容可知，空处应说明垂直农业的实施难度。C项符合语境。 3．A　解析：下文通过“古代”与“现代”的案例，介绍了垂直农业的发展历程，因此空处应概括“垂直农业有悠久历史”这一核心。A项符合语境。 4．D　解析：根据上下文内容可知，空处应补充垂直农业的另一优势，且该优势需与“可控环境、无土栽培”相关。D项符合语境。 5．G　解析：根据上下文内容可知，空处应承接“种植多样性”与“全年种植”的特点，说明其对城市的具体作用。G项符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2026·东营高二上学期期中)Not long after a destructive wildfire forced her family to leave their home, 10-year-old Emory broke down. Like many of her peers, she was suddenly 1 from school, her neighborhood, and daily routines. To help her 2 ， her mother signed her up for a free day camp organized by Project: Camp, a program that specifically helps children cope with the stress of disturbed routines after 3 . The project believes by providing a sense of 4 and normalcy (常态), children can lower their 5 levels and return to a routine. Only then can they start to create a narrative around what has happened, so that they 6 that something has happened and that they're safe, thus 7 their uncertainty and fear. Besides 8 day camp activities, such as arts and crafts, and games like tug of war (拔河), the program offered other activities that were specially designed to help kids deal with psychological suffering. Mental health professionals were on site to help address 9 issues when they came up for kids. Children ultimately guide the program at Project: Camp, while the adults allow them the 10 to talk through feelings that might arise throughout the day. There are frequent 11 wellness checks, during which kids are 12 to rate their feelings from 1 to 10.“Gratitude circles” invite kids to share what makes them 13 . Exercises like these can give kids opportunities to have their own 14 heard. For Emory, her time at the camp gave her a chance to 15 with friends while her school was paused, letting her simply be a kid again without worries. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁女孩埃默里因野火被迫离家后情绪受影响，其母亲为她报名“营地计划”组织的免费日间露营，埃默里借此重获快乐的故事。 1．A．cut off B．set free C．left out D．brought back A　解析：根据上文“forced her family to leave their home”可知，野火让她被迫离开了家园，埃默里与学校、社区突然切断(cut off)了联系。 2．A．focus B．recall C．balance D．recover D　解析：根据下文“helps children cope with the stress of disturbed routines”可知，这个项目帮助孩子们应对生活秩序被扰乱后所带来的压力，所以埃默里的母亲报名是为了帮助她恢复(recover)。 3．A．diseases B．disasters C．conflicts D．injuries B　解析：根据上文a destructive wildfire可知，破坏性野火属于灾难(disaster)。 4．A．safety B．relief C．purpose D．belonging A　解析：根据下文“they _______ that something has happened and that they're safe”可知，该项目让孩子们明白他们是安全的，即孩子们需要安全(safety)感。 5．A．risk B．violence C．stress D．expectation C　解析：根据上文“helps children cope with the stress of disturbed routines”可知，该项目旨在降低孩子们的压力(stress)。 6．A．understand B．decide C．repeat D．imagine A　解析：根据下文“that something has happened and that they're safe”可知，该项目是为了让孩子们理解(understand)所发生的事，明白他们是安全的。 7．A．confirming B．admitting C．rating D．ending D　解析：根据下文“the program offered other activities that were specially designed to help kids deal with psychological suffering”可知，该项目能帮助孩子们处理心理上的问题，终结(end)他们的不确定和恐惧。 8．A．outdoor B．cultural C．creative D．typical D　解析：根据下文“such as arts and crafts, and games like tug of war”可知，这些活动都是典型的(typical)夏令营游戏。 9．A．social B．emotional C．medical D．educational B　解析：根据上文“Mental health professionals were on site”可知，有心理健康专家处理孩子们情绪(emotional)方面的问题。 10．A．energy B．wisdom C．space D．power C　解析：根据下文“to talk through feelings that might arise throughout the day” 可知，成年人给孩子们表达情感的空间(space)。 11．A．digital B．mental C．physical D．formal B　解析：根据上文Mental health professionals和下文“to rate their feelings from 1 to 10”可知，孩子们经常进行精神(mental)健康检查。 12．A．paid B．forced C．seen D．encouraged D　解析：根据下文“to rate their feelings from 1 to 10”可知，孩子们被鼓励(encourage)用1到10分来评价自己当下的感受。 13．A．grateful B．joyful C．hopeful D．peaceful A　解析：根据上文“Gratitude circles”可知，“感恩圈”邀请孩子们分享让自己心怀感恩的(grateful)事物。 14．A．dream B．story C．plan D．opinion B　解析：根据上文“invite kids to share”可知，孩子们讲述自己的故事(story)。 15．A．compete B．camp C．connect D．study C　解析：根据上文“she was suddenly ______ from school, her neighborhood”可知，夏令营让埃默里与被切断联系的朋友们建立联系(connect)。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $