2027届高考英语一轮复习之阅读理解（议论文）10篇（天津专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦社会热点话题，通过议论文阅读理解训练提升语言能力与思维品质，构建"主题-题型-能力"三维训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |个人成长与价值观|2篇/10题|观点辨析题为主|从个体责任到成功本质的逻辑递进| |社会现象与人际关系|2篇/10题|现象分析题为主|社交行为表象到认知机制的深入| |科技与现代生活|2篇/10题|影响评价题为主|技术应用到人文反思的辩证关系| |文化与心理健康|2篇/10题|成因探究题为主|行为表现到心理机制的因果推导| |生命与社会责任|2篇/10题|价值判断题为主|个体选择到社会影响的延伸思考|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（天津专用） 阅读理解议论文10篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 宠物能够给予人们情感慰藉、促进身心健康；但饲养宠物伴随着时间、金钱成本，决定养宠物前必须深思熟虑，扛起生命责任。 2 成功不是偶然运气，而是一种主动选择；人应当为自己人生全权负责，自尊、担当、正向信念才是通往成功的关键。 3 每个人生来自带成功的潜质；失败者习惯归咎于外界运气，成功者主动掌控命运，对自己的一切选择负责。 4 受欢迎存在社交优势；但追逐人气也会带来人际关系矛盾、心理压力甚至抑郁隐患，人气并非等同于幸福。 5 无聊、无所事事的放空时光有利于孩子想象力与自省能力发展；当下成年人与儿童过度依赖电子产品，缺失安静思考的机会。 6 以抱怨、谦虚为幌子变相炫耀往往弄巧成拙，容易显得虚伪；作者倡导真诚坦荡分享成就，懂得感恩，拒绝虚假自夸。 7 隐藏点赞数只能小幅缓解攀比问题；社交媒体成瘾源于未知回报带来的心理期待；需要平台优化功能 + 用户自我管控双管齐下。 8 写作可以将碎片化想法梳理成严谨逻辑；过度依靠 AI 辅助会弱化人的深度思考能力；短视频碎片化阅读正在威胁人类复杂推理能力。 9 善于周旋社交圈层并非道德缺陷，而是一种高级认知技能；大脑海马体可以生成社交网络心智地图，助力人们长期维持社会影响力。 10 人类进化出隐藏自私意图的隐形竞争；将自私投机行为比作人体癌症；依靠教育、社会制度、群体合作构建文化免疫系统维护社会稳定。 Passage 1 Imagine returning home after a tiring day to find a dog happily waiting for you or a cat quietly sitting beside you. For many, pets are more than just animals — they are trusted companions and bring happiness to everyday life. Studies show that having pets can help reduce stress, improve mental health, and even encourage people to stay active. However, the joy of having pets comes with challenges. They require care, time, and money. This leads to an important question: Are pets truly our best friends, or are they responsibilities that add pressure to our lives? Pets bring a lot of positive energy to their owners. A dog’s excitement when seeing its owner or a cat’s calm presence can make people feel less lonely. For children, having a pet can teach them how to take care of others and be more responsible. For older adults, pets can provide company and make their days feel less empty. Beyond emotional benefits, pets like dogs encourage their owners to go outside and exercise, which is good for physical health. Even smaller animals, like fish or birds, can make a home feel more lively and interesting. In many ways, pets make life richer and more enjoyable. That said, owning pets is not always easy. The cost of food, medical care, and other supplies can be a financial burden for some families. Taking care of a pet also requires time — feeding, cleaning, and playing with them are daily tasks that cannot be skipped. For people who are already busy with work or studies, this can become stressful. Pets can also cause trouble at times. A barking dog might upset the neighbors, or a playful cat might damage furniture. Some people may even regret getting a pet when they realize they cannot meet its needs. In some cases, pets are abandoned, which raises concerns about whether people fully understand the responsibilities of owning an animal. Whether pets are more of a joy or a burden depends on the owner’s situation. For those who are ready to care for them, pets can bring great happiness and friendship. For others, the challenges may outweigh the rewards. Perhaps the key is to think carefully before deciding to bring a pet into one’s life. Pets are not toys or simple hobbies — they are living beings that depend entirely on their owners. Respect and care should always be at the center of this relationship. 1．Why does the author introduce the image of returning home to a dog or cat? A．To highlight the emotional comfort pets can provide. B．To emphasize the financial burden of caring for pets. C．To explain why people choose to keep pets. D．To show how pets can help people stay active. 2．What is one main advantage of having pets according to the passage? A．Pets can teach people how to manage their finances. B．Pets encourage owners to develop healthier habits. C．Pets help owners avoid loneliness by keeping them busy. D．Pets reduce the need for social interactions with other people. 3．Why might some people regret owning pets? A．Pets often require more food than expected. B．Pets can create noise that disturbs neighbors. C．Pets may become aggressive and harm their owners. D．Pets demand care and attention that some owners cannot provide. 4．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To summarize the emotional benefits of owning pets. B．To stress the need to think carefully before getting a pet. C．To argue that pets are more burdensome than beneficial. D．To provide examples of pets that require less care. 5．Which of the following best describes the author’s view on pet ownership? A．Pets are essential for emotional and physical health. B．Owning pets requires responsibility and careful thought. C．Pets are unnecessary responsibilities in modern life. D．People should avoid keeping pets unless they are wealthy. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要探讨的是养宠物带来的快乐与责任之间的平衡关系。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine returning home after a tiring day to find a dog happily waiting for you or a cat quietly sitting beside you. For many, pets are more than just animals — they are trusted companions and bring happiness to everyday life. (想象一下，疲惫一天回到家，有小狗开心地等候着你，或是小猫安静地陪在你身旁。对很多人来说，宠物不只是动物——它们是值得信赖的伙伴，为日常生活带来欢乐。)”可知，作者描绘回家见到猫狗的画面，是为了突出宠物能给予人们情绪上的慰藉。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Beyond emotional benefits, pets like dogs encourage their owners to go outside and exercise, which is good for physical health. (除了情绪层面的好处之外，像狗狗这类宠物会督促主人出门运动，有益于身体健康。)”可知，饲养宠物的一大好处是促使主人养成更健康的生活习惯。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some people may even regret getting a pet when they realize they cannot meet its needs. (有些人意识到自己无法满足宠物的需求时，甚至会后悔饲养宠物。)”可知，部分人后悔养宠物是因为宠物需要照料与陪伴，而一些主人无法满足这些需求。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Perhaps the key is to think carefully before deciding to bring a pet into one’s life. (或许关键在于，决定把宠物带进自己的生活之前要慎重思考。)”可知，最后一段的作用是强调饲养宠物前必须三思。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Perhaps the key is to think carefully before deciding to bring a pet into one’s life. Pets are not toys or simple hobbies — they are living beings that depend entirely on their owners. (或许关键在于，决定把宠物带进自己的生活之前要慎重思考。宠物不是玩具，也不是简单的爱好——它们是完全依靠主人存活的生命。)”可知，作者认为饲养宠物需要责任心，并且要提前慎重考量。 Passage 2 In 1926, this young man was fired from his job, and his first animation studio soon went bankrupt, leaving him penniless and sleeping in a friend’s garage. Worse still, the copyright of his Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was stolen by the distributor, and his core team members were poached (挖走). Plagued by long-term overwork and stress, he later suffered from chronic illnesses and lung cancer, which severely undermined his health. It would have been easy to point at the world for turning its back on him. Yet he refused to surrender — he grabbed his sketches and built a brand-new dream world that has enchanted generations. You must have guessed that this man was Walt Disney, who achieved extraordinary success later. Hence, stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You can be a success if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their life. They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life. Losers think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. Trace the thread of what sets a thing in motion, and the ability to steer its outcome follows naturally. Thoughts and beliefs cause everything. We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe. Rooted in these inner beliefs, our confidence takes shape, and one generally rises to the level that one expects. Our success depends upon our level of confidence. Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time, which are themselves shaped and reinforced by our underlying thoughts and beliefs. We are responsible for either consolidating good habits or kicking bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the artist’s experiences at the beginning of the passage? A．To detail the hardships Walt Disney faced in the early stages of his career. B．To highlight the common challenges faced by pioneers in the initial stage of his career. C．To illustrate how an individual’s response to adversity can shape their ultimate outcome. D．To prove that creative individuals are more likely to suffer from health problems under stress. 2．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they __________. A．are ready to change their minds B．are easily affected by windy weather C．don’t have the power to face their fate D．can’t exercise control over themselves 3．According to the passage, which statement is true about people’s attitudes toward success and failure? A．A chess champion thinks his repeated victories come from chance match situations. B．A failed entrepreneur sees his business failure as the result of sudden economic changes. C．A popular writer believes his long-term success comes from public favor. D．A losing runner thinks his failure in the game lies in his own poor training habits. 4．It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that __________. A．we must answer for the path we take B．attitudes and actions are the root cause of success C．thoughts and beliefs are the result of our habits D．setting our expectations is essential before taking action 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Success Is a Choice. B．The Secrets of Success. C．Develop Our Confidence. D．How to Achieve Success. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】借迪士尼坎坷经历论证成败由自身选择掌控，人要为人生全权负责。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It would have been easy to point at the world for turning its back on him. Yet he refused to surrender — he grabbed his sketches and built a brand-new dream world that has enchanted generations.(他本可以怪罪世界抛弃了自己，但他没有屈服，拿起画稿打造出打动几代人的全新梦幻世界。)”可知，文章开头讲述华特·迪士尼早年接连遭遇失业、破产、版权被盗、重病等逆境却绝不放弃，以此举例说明人面对困境的不同态度与做法，会决定最终人生结果。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their life. They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.(你的自尊水平，始终取决于你对自身、乃至整个人生的掌控程度。缺乏自尊的人不相信自己拥有力量，也不愿对自己的人生负责。他们如同飘零落叶，任由命运无常的风吹得四处飘荡，一点世事变故便能左右其轨迹。)”可知，自卑的人如同落叶，是因为他们无法掌控自己。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Losers think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible.(失败者认为所有事都是偶然发生，成功者明白凡事自己负有责任。)”可知，失败者习惯将失败归咎于外部客观因素。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Everything happens as a result of something. Trace the thread of what sets a thing in motion, and the ability to steer its outcome follows naturally. Thoughts and beliefs cause everything. We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe. Rooted in these inner beliefs, our confidence takes shape, and one generally rises to the level that one expects. Our success depends upon our level of confidence. Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time, which are themselves shaped and reinforced by our underlying thoughts and beliefs. We are responsible for either consolidating good habits or kicking bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits.(万事皆有其成因。顺藤摸瓜找到驱动一件事发生的根源，掌控事态走向的能力自然随之而来。一切皆由思想与信念造就。我们需要为自己主动选择接纳、信奉的一切负责。自信心根植于这些内心信念之中，人往往能活成自己心中期许的模样。我们能否取得成功，取决于自身的自信程度。人的心态与行为，是长期积淀形成的固有习惯带来的结果，而这些习惯，又由我们底层的思想信念塑造并不断强化。无论是巩固好习惯，还是摒弃恶习、主动用持之以恒的好习惯取而代之，这份责任都在我们自己身上。)”可推出，我们必须对自己选择的人生道路承担责任。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，核心论点在第三段“Success is a choice and not a chance. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.(成功是一种选择而非偶然，做出正确选择就能收获成功)”，后文全部围绕人要掌控自我、主动负责、做出正向选择展开论述。所以标题为“成功是一种选择”。 Passage 3 From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be successful if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they ________. A．can’t exercise control over themselves B．don’t have the power to live like the wind C．are easily affected by windy weather D．are ready to change their minds 2．What is the common thought of failures according to the passage? A．Success is the result of hard work. B．They are responsible people. C．The failure is only because of bad luck. D．Making efforts leads to a good future. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what can we do if we identify the cause of something? A．We can avoid taking any responsibility for it. B．We can determine the consequences that follow. C．We can go back and change what has happened. D．We can accurately predict every future event. 4．The function of the last paragraph is ________. A．to prove the author’s points B．to conclude the argument C．to introduce another topic D．to give a comparison between two views 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Secrets of Success B．How to Achieve Success C．Develop Our Confidence D．Success Is a Choice 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】文章主要论述了成功并非偶然而是一种选择，人天生自带成功的潜质，想要成功就要树立自尊、对自身人生全权负责、树立正向期许、结交积极之人，最终学会为人生全部事务负责，便能走向成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power or responsibility for their lives.(自尊感低的人认为自己没有掌控人生的力量、不需要为人生负责。)”及“They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.(他们就像风中落叶，被变数之风随意吹动，随外界变故飘摇。)”可知，自尊低的人像落叶是因为无法掌控自我。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.(失败者认为所有事情的发生都纯属偶然、靠运气。)”可知，失败者将失败归咎于运气差。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect.(如果我们能找到事情的起因，就能掌控其结果。)”可知，我们可以决定后续产生的结果。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.(简而言之，在你生活的方方面面，无论是经济、身体、情感还是精神层面，你都要全权负责。一旦你意识到、接纳并坚定认同这一点，你就踏上了成功之路。)”可知，“In short”意为“简而言之”，是典型的总结性标识词，该段落对上文所有论述内容进行归纳概括，其作用是总结全文论点。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be successful if only you make the right choice.(成功是一种选择，而非机缘。你生来就是赢家，生来具备财富，只要做出正确选择就能收获成功。)”可知，全文围绕“成功是一种选择”展开，分层论证自尊、自我担当、思维选择、人际选择等内容，D选项“Success Is a Choice(成功是一种选择)”最能概括全文核心主旨。 Passage 4 Every school has an in-crowd — and a less-than-cool group, too. Amy’s hair is always perfect. “And,” says 17-year-old Danielle L. about her classmate, “she has so many outfits that she doesn’t wear the same one twice.” Like Danielle, you probably know who’s really popular at your school. They’re the trendsetters (引领潮流者), and everyone else follows their lead. The standards of the in-crowd differ from culture to culture and even school to school. Nevertheless, teens worldwide worry about popularity. As people grow from children to adults, looking for support from peers is normal, explains a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. Being popular has certain benefits. Popular kids often enjoy plenty of party invitations and dates. Along the way, they develop social skills and learn how to get along in different situations too. Being a trendsetter can also be exciting. That’s especially true if that status is used for a positive goal, such as making school a more welcoming place. “It is my hope that popular teens will choose to be the superhero rather than the villain,” says psychologist Leanna Closson. Popularity can have an unpleasant side, though. “Amy is very self-centred and complains about small things,” notes Danielle. “She makes fun of other people and is in general not an all-around nice person.” Eric M. says the popular crowd acts the same way at his high school. “They act really mean on the outside to make themselves seem better than everyone else,” says the 16-year-old. If being both popular and unlikable seems strange, think about how some teens — especially girls — try to boast their status. They don’t just pick on unpopular kids; they often aim at the middle and higher popularity levels. Teens may secretly hope their popularity will rise if they knock down possible “competitors”. Even if that makes them more popular, in the process they may make themselves less likeable. Achieving popularity doesn’t promise happiness, either. One study of New England teens found that high-status girls were more likely to have symptoms of depression after high school. Feeling you always have to act a certain way to stay popular can be stressful, suggests Antonius Cillessen of the Netherlands’ Radboud University. “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time,” he says. “It’s hard work.” 1．What can we learn about the standards of popularity from Paragraph 3? A．They are exactly the same in different schools. B．They vary depending on cultural and school backgrounds. C．They are mainly determined by students’ academic performance. D．They have nothing to do with teenagers’ peer relationships. 2．What does the psychologist Leanna Closson imply about popular teens? A．They should use their influence to create a better school environment. B．They are more likely to become superheroes in real life. C．They often set bad examples for other students at school. D．They should avoid competing with unpopular students. 3．What is one negative consequence of seeking popularity mentioned in the text? A．It makes teens completely lose their individuality. B．It may cause popular teens to become less likable. C．It forces teens to give up their hobbies and interests. D．It makes popular students fail to get along with others. 4．The underlined sentence “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A．maintaining popularity requires constant effort and causes stress B．popular students always pay close attention to their physical image C．keeping social status helps students become more confident D．popular teens are afraid of losing their friends at any time 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Advantages of Being Popular at School. B．Why Teenagers Long for Popularity Worldwide. C．Popularity: Benefits, Drawbacks and Hidden Costs. D．How to Become a Trendsetter Among Teenagers. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】文章介绍校园受欢迎群体的评判标准，分析拥有人气带来的社交优势，同时阐述追逐人气产生待人刻薄、精神压力、抑郁倾向等诸多负面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The standards of the in-crowd differ from culture to culture and even school to school.(受欢迎群体的评判标准因文化、学校而异。)”可知，受欢迎的评判标准会随文化与校园背景产生变化。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“That’s especially true if that status is used for a positive goal, such as making school a more welcoming place. “It is my hope that popular teens will choose to be the superhero rather than the villain,” says psychologist Leanna Closson.(如果这份人气影响力被用于正向目标，比如打造更包容友善的校园环境，那这份受人追捧的身份才真正有意义。心理学家莉安娜・克洛松表示：“我希望那些受欢迎的青少年能选择做校园里的正能量英雄，而非制造隔阂、刻薄待人的恶人。”)”可知，她暗示受欢迎的青少年应当利用自身影响力打造更好的校园环境。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段“Teens may secretly hope their popularity will rise if they knock down possible “competitors”. Even if that makes them more popular, in the process they may make themselves less likeable.(青少年或许暗中希望打压潜在竞争者来提升人气，即便这样能变得更受欢迎，过程中也会让自己变得不讨喜。)”可知，追逐人气的负面后果之一是受欢迎的孩子会变得不招人喜欢。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Feeling you always have to act a certain way to stay popular can be stressful, suggests Antonius Cillessen of the Netherlands’ Radboud University. “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time,” he says. “It’s hard work.”(荷兰拉德堡德大学的安东尼厄斯・西勒森表示，若总觉得必须刻意迎合他人、维持人气，会使人倍感压力。他称：“维持受欢迎的地位，如同时刻踮脚走路，是件耗费心力的事。”)”可知，“Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time”表示维持人气需要持续付出，并且充满压力。 5．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Being popular has certain benefits. Popular kids often enjoy plenty of party invitations and dates. Along the way, they develop social skills and learn how to get along in different situations too.(拥有人气存在一定好处，受欢迎的孩子常收到聚会邀约，还能锻炼社交能力。)”、第七段“Even if that makes them more popular, in the process they may make themselves less likeable.(即便打压对手能提升人气，也会让自己变得不讨喜。)”以及最后一段“One study of New England teens found that high-status girls were more likely to have symptoms of depression after high school. Feeling you always have to act a certain way to stay popular can be stressful, suggests Antonius Cillessen of the Netherlands’ Radboud University. (一项针对新英格兰地区青少年的研究发现，高中毕业后，身处受欢迎圈层的女生更容易出现抑郁症状。荷兰拉德堡德大学的安东尼厄斯・西勒森表示，为维持人气而时刻刻意伪装自己，会让人倍感压力。)”可知，文章既介绍受欢迎的好处，又阐述追逐人气带来的各类弊端与隐性心理代价，所以C项“Popularity: Benefits, Drawbacks and Hidden Costs(人气：益处、弊端与隐性代价)”可以完整概括全文内容。 Passage 5 Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective. “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to a concerned and worrying adult. The traditional idea that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek electronic devices to play games at once. And we don’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the countryside. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability— among adults as well as children— to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children ________. A．have time to think and have their imaginations developed B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．find effective solutions to social problems D．communicate more with their parents and friends 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the actions of parents in Paragraph 4? A．Positive B．Negative C．Hopeful D．Unconcerned 3．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. D．Planning constant activity for children. 4．The author mentioned the train journey to show that ________. A．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．the trip on a quiet train was very boring 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. C．Electronic devices are always good for children. D．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文借朱莉的观点指出无聊对孩子自省、培养想象力至关重要，如今家长、成年人都依赖电子产品逃避空闲，导致两代人都缺少安静思考的时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子很有价值。安静自省的时光和有目标的活动同等重要，)”以及第三段“The traditional idea that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination.(认为孩子应该一刻不停活动的传统想法会阻碍想象力发展。)”可知，无聊能给孩子思考的时间、发展想象力。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek electronic devices to play games at once. And we don’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander?(如今，父母一听见孩子抱怨无聊，内心就会生出挫败感，立刻拿出电子产品给孩子玩游戏。长途乘车途中，再也听不到孩子不耐烦地一遍遍追问“到地方了吗？”，我们也不会再觉得难熬——各类电子产品都会随车备好，只为不让孩子有哪怕一分钟感到无聊。可如此一来，孩子又哪还有机会任由思绪自由放空、天马行空？)”可知，由反问句能看出作者不认同家长一遇到孩子无聊就用电子产品打发的做法，态度消极否定。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the countryside. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability— among adults as well as children— to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”.(今早坐火车通勤时，我放眼望去，所有人都在摆弄电子产品，没有一个例外。没人单纯望向窗外欣赏乡间美景。即便是安静的图书馆里，人们也无暇静心思考：忙着发邮件、刷消息、打游戏。广阔的现实世界仿佛不复存在。手机彻底改变了我们生活的方方面面，还让大人和孩子都养成了一种能力缺失 —— 无法活在当下。朱莉・罗宾逊认为，这是一种跨代现象：人们惧怕“无所事事”。)”可知，人们眼中的“无所事事”就是放下电子设备、静静看风景放空自己。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the countryside. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability— among adults as well as children— to live in the present.(今早坐火车通勤时，我放眼望去，所有人都在摆弄电子产品，没有一个例外。没人单纯望向窗外欣赏乡间美景。即便是安静的图书馆里，人们也无暇静心思考：忙着发邮件、刷消息、打游戏。广阔的现实世界仿佛不复存在。手机彻底改变了我们生活的方方面面，还让大人和孩子都养成了一种能力缺失 —— 无法活在当下。)”可知 ，作者举火车见闻是为证明电子产品对人们生活影响巨大。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“And we don’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander?(如今长途坐车时，再也听不到孩子不耐烦地追问“到了吗？”，我们也不会再感到无聊。人们随身带着各式各样的电子产品，只为不让孩子有哪怕一分钟觉得乏味。这样一来，孩子又哪里还有机会任由思绪自由徜徉呢？)”可知，人们没有留给孩子充足的思考、想象时间。 Passage 6 Combining complaints and bragging online is sometimes referred to as “humblebragging,” when people boast under the guise of modesty or a complaint. It allows individuals to highlight their successes or positive traits while appearing embarrassed or complaining. For example, someone may post a question such as, “Why is it that I always take on too many things at any one time?” Humblebraggers hope to generate responses that reflect their competence and some applause. Humblebragging is a common social phenomenon often used on social media. However, it does not have the effect that the humblebragger is hoping for. For most people, bragging is not something positive. When they want to let others know about their achievements, they worry about potential hostile responses if people think they are bragging. Humblebragging allows people to relieve the tension and concerns by using modesty to prevent their self-promotion. Even though the reader often perceives it differently. Social media is often used to seek approval from others. The aim is to get as many hearts or thumbs-up as they have connections. However, such positive reactions are less likely if you humblebrag. Humblebragging can be perceived as insecure, insincere, and manipulative; those reading the post are left unimpressed or annoyed. Thus, there may be a social cost to posting content viewed as unreal. People prefer that others be honest rather than disguising what they mean. Straightforward bragging, even if not favoured by others, is at least honest. In the last few decades, it has become apparent that being authentic is important. For example, brand authenticity is synonymous with successful business practice, and consumers want influencers to be authentic. Humblebragging wants to walk a fine line between pride and humility but often achieves neither. In the end, people value honesty and vulnerability far more than an overly polished attempt to mask ambition. By trying to please everyone, humblebragging often pleases no one, leaving a trail of missed opportunities for genuine connection and admiration. Engaging with others through social media can be tricky. But at any point in time, it is better to own your achievements and be honest about what you have done. That way, others can, if they wish to, genuinely congratulate you on who you are and what you have accomplished. Equally, it is a good idea to share the potential difficulties that you may have faced on your journey to accomplishment. This can make what you share seem more relatable and vulnerable, just like anyone else. Also, discuss how you have grown as an individual and mention others who contributed to your success. Not only does it demonstrate that you have not always been successful, but you can recognise those who helped you get there. Something that can be uplifting for anyone who was involved. Humility brings you closer to others; it shows how you are authentic and don’t need to pretend or disguise what life can really be like. 1．Why does the author present the example of social media posts in the first paragraph? A．To prove that social media is full of insincere behaviors. B．To vividly introduce the concept of humblebragging. C．To criticize people for their desire for online approval. D．To warn readers against sharing personal achievements publicly. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards humblebragging in Paragraph 4? A．Sympathetic. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Neutral. 3．Why do people choose to humblebrag online? A．They want to make others feel annoyed. B．They fear negative reactions to direct bragging. C．They hope to hide their real achievements totally. D．They wish to become popular by telling lies. 4．We can infer from the text that ______. A．humblebragging has become the most popular way to seek approval B．people now value authenticity more than false modesty C．straightforward bragging is always better than other communication ways D．social media has made humblebragging the only way to share success 5．Which of the following behaviours does the author most recommend? A．Posting: “I am so confused — why do so many companies want to hire me suddenly?” B．Sharing: “After 2 years of hard work and many setbacks, I finally won the award. I really want to thank my teachers and teammates who supported me all the way.” C．Complaining: “I’m so tired — I have to attend 12 national meetings every week as the only student representative.” D．Commenting: “I don’t understand why people praise me — I actually did nothing great.” 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了社交媒体上常见的“凡尔赛”现象，指出这种行为不仅无法达到炫耀的目的，反而会让人觉得不真诚。作者提倡人们在分享成就时保持真实和谦逊。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Combining complaints and bragging online is sometimes referred to as ‘humblebragging,’ when people boast under the guise of modesty or a complaint. It allows individuals to highlight their successes or positive traits while appearing embarrassed or complaining. For example, someone may post a question such as, ‘Why is it that I always take on too many things at any one time?’ (在网上把抱怨和吹嘘结合在一起有时被称为“凡尔赛”，人们以谦虚或抱怨为借口进行吹嘘。它允许个人突出他们的成功或积极特征，同时表现出尴尬或抱怨。例如，有人可能会发一个这样的问题：“为什么我总是同时承担太多的事情？”) ”可知，第一段提到了“凡尔赛”这个概念，并进行了解释，可推理出作者在第一段中举出社交媒体发帖的例子是为了生动地引入“凡尔赛”这个概念。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, such positive reactions are less likely if you humblebrag. Humblebragging can be perceived as insecure, insincere, and manipulative; those reading the post are left unimpressed or annoyed. (然而，如果你凡尔赛，就不太可能得到这样积极的反应。凡尔赛可能会被视为缺乏安全感、不真诚和具有操纵性；读帖子的人不会留下深刻印象或感到恼火)”可知，如果你凡尔赛，就不太可能得到这样积极的反应，可推理出作者对凡尔赛的态度是不赞成的。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For most people, bragging is not something positive. What they want to let others know about their achievements, they worry about potential hostile responses if people think they are bragging. Humblebragging allows people to relieve the tension and concerns by using modesty to prevent their self-promotion. Even though the reader often perceives it differently (对于大多数人而言，吹嘘并非积极之举。当他们想让别人知晓自己的成就时，又担心若被视为在吹嘘，会招致潜在的敌意。而“凡尔赛式自夸”能让人们借助谦逊的姿态来掩饰自我标榜，从而缓解这种紧张与顾虑。尽管读者对此的感知往往不尽相同)”可知，人们选择在网上凡尔赛是因为他们害怕直接吹嘘会带来负面反应。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In the last few decades, it has become apparent that being authentic is important. For example, brand authenticity is synonymous with successful business practice, and consumers want influencers to be authentic. (在过去的几十年里，真实的重要性已经变得显而易见。例如，品牌真实性与成功的商业实践同义，消费者希望网红是真实的)”以及第六段“In the end, people value honesty and vulnerability far more than an overly polished attempt to mask ambition. (最终，人们看重诚实和脆弱远胜于过度伪装以掩盖野心的尝试)”可知，在过去的几十年里，真实的重要性已经变得显而易见，人们看重诚实和脆弱远胜于过度伪装以掩盖野心的尝试，可以推断出人们现在比虚假的谦虚更看重真实性。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Equally, it is a good idea to share the potential difficulties that you may have faced on your journey to accomplishment. This can make what you share seem more relatable and vulnerable, just like anyone else. Also, discuss how you have grown as an individual and mention others who contributed to your success (同样，分享你在通往成就之路上可能遭遇的潜在困境，也不失为一个明智之举。这能让你分享的内容更具共鸣感与真实感，使你看起来和普通人并无二致。此外，不妨谈谈你作为个体的成长蜕变，并提及那些助力你走向成功的他人)”可知，作者赞同坦诚表达自己的困难和成长，同时感谢他人，B项“Sharing: “After 2 years of hard work and many setbacks, I finally won the award. I really want to thank my teachers and teammates who supported me all the way.”(分享内容：“历经两年的辛勤耕耘与重重挫折，我终于斩获了这一奖项。我由衷地想要感谢一路以来全力支持我的老师和队友们。”)”既坦诚了困难和成长，又感谢了他人，最符合作者的建议。 Passage 7 The social media platform Instagram once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. But do these efforts resolve mental health issues, or are they simply applying a band-aid to a wound? It’s a small step in the right direction, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychologist who works with youth who experience anxiety disorders. “Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People still can compare themselves to others, and people still can post comments.” Social platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety, depression, and even physical ailments (病痛).This puts a large amount of the population at an increased risk of feeling anxious, depressed, or ill over their social media use. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick? “When the outcome is unpredictable, the behavior is more likely to repeat. Think of a slot machine (老虎机): if game players knew they were never going to get money by playing the game, then they never would play,” says Sperling. “The idea of a potential future reward keeps the machines in use. The same goes for social media sites. One does not know how many likes a picture will get, who will like the picture, and when the picture will receive likes. The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites.” FOMO — fear of missing out — also impacts the youth greatly. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. If everyone else is using social media sites, and if you don’t join in, there’s concern that you’ll miss chats, jokes, connections, or invitations. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression. When people look online and see they’re excluded from an activity, it can affect thoughts and feelings, and can affect them physically. In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior. 1．What does Sperling think of Instagram’s measure? A．It’s strict. B．It’s limited. C．It’s objective. D．It’s conservative. 2．What is probably the major reason for social media addiction? A．Need for self-expression. B．Desire for constant recognition. C．Expectation of possible surprises. D．Lack of interest in real-life activities. 3．What does Sperling advise social platforms to do in the last paragraph? A．Restrict their service scales. B．Decrease one-on-one interactions C．Limit the time users spend on them. D．Shift the focus from sharing to messaging. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Redesign of social media platforms. B．Changes made by social media giants. C．Strategies for individuals’ self-control. D．Impact of social media on mental health. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To criticize Instagram’s ineffective measure of hiding likes. B．To analyze the causes of social media addiction and propose solutions. C．To explain how FOMO affects teenagers’ mental health. D．To prove that social media is harmful to people’s physical health. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】文章主要讨论了社交媒体平台通过限制点赞功能试图缓解心理健康问题，但心理学家指出这种做法效果有限，并分析了社交媒体成瘾的原因，提出了平台改进方向及个人应对策略。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“It’s a small step in the right direction, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychologist who works with youth who experience anxiety disorders. “Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People still can compare themselves to others, and people still can post comments.” (心理学家杰奎琳·斯珀林表示，这只是朝着正确方向迈出的一小步。“即使你取消了点赞，比较和反馈的机会依然存在。人们仍然可以把自己和别人比较，也仍然可以发表评论。”)”可知，她这为这一措施有一定积极意义，但作用有限。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“When the outcome is unpredictable, the behavior is more likely to repeat. (当结果不可预测时，行为更容易重复。)”以及最后两句“One does not know how many likes a picture will get, who will like the picture, and when the picture will receive likes. The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites. (人们不知道一张图片会收到多少点赞、谁会喜欢它、它何时会得到点赞。未知的结果和期待的结果出现的可能性会让用户沉迷于这些网站。)”可知，社交媒体成瘾的主要原因是用户对可能的意外惊喜，如点赞数量、点赞者、点赞时间等抱有期待。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段前两句“In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications. (除了像Instagram那样限制点赞之外，斯珀林还建议社交平台考虑减少大规模分享。通过强调一对一的交流，它们或许可以更像通讯服务那样运作。)”可知，她建议社交平台将重点从分享转向通讯功能。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior. (然而，不论社交媒体巨头们改变其方式的可能性有多大，个人都可以控制自己的行为。)”可知，作者在段落结尾将话题转向了个人可以主动控制自己的行为，因此接下来很可能继续讨论个人如何进行自我控制的具体策略。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段通过Instagram限制点赞的措施引出话题，第二段指出该措施效果有限，第三段分析社交媒体对健康的负面影响，第四段分析成瘾原因，第五段分析FOMO的影响，最后一段提出平台改进建议和个人应对策略。综合全文，文章主要在分析社交媒体成瘾的原因，并提出相应的解决方案。 Passage 8 “I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent (有条理的) when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently underperformed at brain, verbal, and behaviour levels”. They demonstrated that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges at a critical historical moment for literacy. Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential work “Orality and Literacy” clarifies why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented (碎片化的) information, books provide rich context and sustained logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield our cognitive development to screens and algorithms, we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 1．What does writing primarily enable us to do? A．liberate personal thoughts effectively. B．Organize fragmented thoughts clearly. C．Develop strong communication skills. D．Recall information more accurately. 2．How did AI assistance affect writing according to the MIT study? A．It led to poorer results. B．It improved writing speed. C．It enhanced creative expression. D．It had little impact on brain activity. 3．Why is writing essential for developing logical arguments? A．It relies on rhyme and emotion. B．It is easier to remember and repeat. C．It requires concentration and engagement. D．It enables accurate and revisable statements. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital media’s effect on deep thinking? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Decline of Modern Literacy B．The Benefits of Reading in a Digital Age C．Writing: The Foundation of Deep Thinking D．Thinking: The Capacity for Complex Reasoning 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】文章主要探讨了写作对深度思考的重要性，并通过MIT研究、识字率下降趋势以及数字媒体的影响来论证这一观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. (任何从事写作的人都明白这个道理：写作行为将半成型的想法转化为精确、逻辑清晰的思考)”可知，写作主要能让我们能够将零碎的想法清晰地组织起来。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently underperformed at brain, verbal, and behaviour levels”. (研究结果很清楚：AI辅助的写作者“在大脑活动、语言表达和行为层面均持续表现欠佳”)”可知，根据MIT研究，AI辅助导致写作者表现欠佳，写作结果更差。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. (相比之下，写作允许精确、复杂的陈述，这些陈述可以被审视、回顾，并发展成为逻辑论证)”可知，写作之所以对发展逻辑论证至关重要，是因为它能够产生准确且可修正的陈述。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. ... we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. (随着我们的文化越来越被短视频和分散注意力的内容所主导，我们面临着失去复杂推理能力的风险。……我们必须仔细考虑我们可能会牺牲什么)”可推知，作者对数字媒体对深度思考的影响持担忧态度。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. (写作行为将半成型的想法转化为精确、逻辑清晰的思考)”、第二段“They demonstrated that we need to write in order to think deeply. (他们证明我们需要通过写作来进行深度思考)”和第五段“Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. (阅读是一个需要投入和专注的主动过程——它本质上是与文本对话中的思考)”可知，文章从写作对思考的作用入手，结合MIT研究和历史背景，论证了写作是深度思考的基础。故C项“Writing: The Foundation of Deep Thinking (写作：深度思考的基础)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 Passage 9 What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．unconcerned B．supportive C．puzzled D．disapproving 2．What does the author suggest about the ability to navigate social worlds? A．It is a cognitive skill. B．It relies on being charming. C．It is primarily a moral issue. D．It requires physical fitness. 3．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 4．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Experiencing. C．Managing. D．Recording. 5．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Navigating Our Social Worlds B．How to Interpret Social Skills C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】主要反驳世俗对钻营者和闲话者的道德偏见，阐释社会认知地图对社交导航的重要作用与大脑运作机制。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer.(我的母亲认为这两类人在道德上都值得怀疑，我们轻易就把这个观念传给孩子：远离投机钻营者和搬弄是非之人。)”以及第二段中的“But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. (但是故事会简化现实。那些最擅长向上攀爬阶层、搬弄是非的人，对社会架构有着极强的把控能力，以此在社交圈子里周旋游走。这项能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知本领。)”可知，作者不认同母亲单纯从道德层面否定这两类人的观点，持不赞同态度。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive skill.(这项能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知技能。)”可知，游走社交圈的能力本质上是一种认知能力。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long.(影响力最强的人能快速构建同伴社交关系的心智地图；那些起初有影响力，但没有精准社交网络心智地图的人，无法长久保持影响力。)”可知，社会认知地图能够帮助人在同龄人中长期保有社交影响力。 4．词句猜测题。根据第七段中的“The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network.(这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深，我们就越擅长brokering社群联结。倘若大脑需要快速判断流言会往何处扩散，清楚核心人物所处位置，或是知晓能原本互不连通的社群衔接起来的关键人脉，我们就能梳理出人际链条次序，高效打通整张社交网络。)”可知，拥有精准的社会认知地图，人们能更好地处理、维系社群人际关系，因此画线单词“brokering”意为“管理、协调”，与Managing含义一致。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can.(策略性寻路不只适用于实体空间，高效穿梭社交图景同样不可或缺。手握社群心智地图，老练的社交导航者能做到导航设备无法实现的事。)”可知，文章围绕社交导航展开，介绍社交认知地图的作用、实验依据和大脑支撑机制，因此“游走我们的社交世界”最适合作为文章标题。 Passage 10 Nearly 2 million years ago, one of our ancestors developed bone cancer in their foot. The fate of this individual is unknown, but the fossilised remains leave no doubt that cancer has been a part of our story for a very long time. But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. If we are born altruists, then institutions are unnecessary. But if selfishness dominates, strong control is essential. In the language of evolutionary biology, we have a cooperation dilemma: there are situations where it is in our interest to work with others, and there are situations where it is not. As a result, visible rivalry (竞争) was replaced by what I call “invisible rivalry” — the ability to hide selfish, competitive intentions while maintaining the appearance of a cooperative nature. In other words, we evolved to compete in a cooperative world. This is where the analogy (类比) with cancer arises. Humanity’s long history of living with the disease means we have evolved biological mechanisms to reduce the risk it poses. Many reactions at the cellular level evolved to help our bodies fight off cancers. It is this strong immune system that explains why, although we are frequently exposed to viruses, these often don’t lead to illness. Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. But this isn’t going to happen until we first recognise the problem that invisible rivalry poses. In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system. If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that: freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. Evolution has made us this way but we can learn to overcome it. 1．The underlined phrase “to undermine the group” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______. A．to strengthen the group’s unity B．to weaken or damage the group C．to expand the group’s influence D．to reorganize the group’s structure 2．What can be inferred about the cultural immune system? A．It contributes to humanity’s competitiveness. B．Human dishonesty is said to be its byproduct. C．Internal threats in society cannot escape from it. D．It can be improved through enhancing cooperation. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The minority’s selfishness doesn’t mean cancers for society. B．It is hard to maintain the appearance of a cooperative nature. C．We need agree on the fact that invisible rivalry brings harm. D．The stability of society lies in humanity’s opportunistic nature. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Cure for Social Ills. B．The Mercy of Humanity. C．The Value in Institutions. D．The Root of Invisible Rivalry. 5．From the passage, it can be inferred that the stable development of human society mainly relies on _______. A．the natural disappearance of competitive desires over time B．our constant efforts to discover and control hidden selfish acts C．individuals’ willingness to give up personal interests for the group D．the complete replacement of biological laws by cultural rules 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类进化出的“隐形竞争”——隐藏自私意图以维持合作表象，并通过“文化免疫系统”抵御其对社会的危害，强调教育与合作对维护社会稳定的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. (但这些癌症细胞并不是我们祖先面临的唯一内部威胁。他们的生存也受到试图to undermine the group的个人的威胁。故事的核心是这个问题：人性是自私还是利他，是竞争还是合作？这个答案对我们如何构建社会有着深远的影响)”可知，后文对自私行为的描述表明，to undermine the group指的是削弱或损害群体利益。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. (同样，隐形竞争的演变对我们的社会群体构成的威胁促使我们发展实践和制度，以最大限度地加强合作。我称之为我们的文化免疫系统)”及第四段“To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. (为了对抗敌人，我们可以增强文化免疫系统，就像我们通过健康的生活方式和接种疫苗来增强生物免疫系统一样)”可知，文化免疫系统可通过增强合作来提升。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. (如果我们了解我们的进化遗产，我们将清醒地认识到不劳而获者对社会构成的危险，并以更清醒的眼光去付诸信任——就像身体的防御系统学会识别与癌症相关的病原体来应对它们一样)”可知，隐形竞争对社会有害，我们需要认清这一点。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination.(然而，正如癌症找到逃离我们免疫系统的方法一样，一些人为了自己的利益，利用他们的智力来破坏群体的社会规范。为了对抗敌人，我们可以增强文化免疫系统，就像我们如何通过健康的生活方式和疫苗接种来改善我们的生物免疫系统一样)”以及文章内容可知，文章将社会中的自私行为比作癌症，提出“文化免疫系统”的概念并介绍应对办法，核心是解决社会弊病，所以“治愈社会弊病”适合作为文章标题。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system.(在我看来，最好的办法是通过教育。我们都是文化免疫系统的一部分)”以及最后一段“We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. (我们必须共同努力，在人类机会主义的本性中领先一步。如果没有信仰、规范和对人性的正确理解，我们就会受制于自私的生物遗产)”可知，社会稳定依赖持续发现和管控隐性自私行为。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（天津专用） 阅读理解议论文10篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 宠物能够给予人们情感慰藉、促进身心健康；但饲养宠物伴随着时间、金钱成本，决定养宠物前必须深思熟虑，扛起生命责任。 2 成功不是偶然运气，而是一种主动选择；人应当为自己人生全权负责，自尊、担当、正向信念才是通往成功的关键。 3 每个人生来自带成功的潜质；失败者习惯归咎于外界运气，成功者主动掌控命运，对自己的一切选择负责。 4 受欢迎存在社交优势；但追逐人气也会带来人际关系矛盾、心理压力甚至抑郁隐患，人气并非等同于幸福。 5 无聊、无所事事的放空时光有利于孩子想象力与自省能力发展；当下成年人与儿童过度依赖电子产品，缺失安静思考的机会。 6 以抱怨、谦虚为幌子变相炫耀往往弄巧成拙，容易显得虚伪；作者倡导真诚坦荡分享成就，懂得感恩，拒绝虚假自夸。 7 隐藏点赞数只能小幅缓解攀比问题；社交媒体成瘾源于未知回报带来的心理期待；需要平台优化功能 + 用户自我管控双管齐下。 8 写作可以将碎片化想法梳理成严谨逻辑；过度依靠 AI 辅助会弱化人的深度思考能力；短视频碎片化阅读正在威胁人类复杂推理能力。 9 善于周旋社交圈层并非道德缺陷，而是一种高级认知技能；大脑海马体可以生成社交网络心智地图，助力人们长期维持社会影响力。 10 人类进化出隐藏自私意图的隐形竞争；将自私投机行为比作人体癌症；依靠教育、社会制度、群体合作构建文化免疫系统维护社会稳定。 Passage 1 Imagine returning home after a tiring day to find a dog happily waiting for you or a cat quietly sitting beside you. For many, pets are more than just animals — they are trusted companions and bring happiness to everyday life. Studies show that having pets can help reduce stress, improve mental health, and even encourage people to stay active. However, the joy of having pets comes with challenges. They require care, time, and money. This leads to an important question: Are pets truly our best friends, or are they responsibilities that add pressure to our lives? Pets bring a lot of positive energy to their owners. A dog’s excitement when seeing its owner or a cat’s calm presence can make people feel less lonely. For children, having a pet can teach them how to take care of others and be more responsible. For older adults, pets can provide company and make their days feel less empty. Beyond emotional benefits, pets like dogs encourage their owners to go outside and exercise, which is good for physical health. Even smaller animals, like fish or birds, can make a home feel more lively and interesting. In many ways, pets make life richer and more enjoyable. That said, owning pets is not always easy. The cost of food, medical care, and other supplies can be a financial burden for some families. Taking care of a pet also requires time — feeding, cleaning, and playing with them are daily tasks that cannot be skipped. For people who are already busy with work or studies, this can become stressful. Pets can also cause trouble at times. A barking dog might upset the neighbors, or a playful cat might damage furniture. Some people may even regret getting a pet when they realize they cannot meet its needs. In some cases, pets are abandoned, which raises concerns about whether people fully understand the responsibilities of owning an animal. Whether pets are more of a joy or a burden depends on the owner’s situation. For those who are ready to care for them, pets can bring great happiness and friendship. For others, the challenges may outweigh the rewards. Perhaps the key is to think carefully before deciding to bring a pet into one’s life. Pets are not toys or simple hobbies — they are living beings that depend entirely on their owners. Respect and care should always be at the center of this relationship. 1．Why does the author introduce the image of returning home to a dog or cat? A．To highlight the emotional comfort pets can provide. B．To emphasize the financial burden of caring for pets. C．To explain why people choose to keep pets. D．To show how pets can help people stay active. 2．What is one main advantage of having pets according to the passage? A．Pets can teach people how to manage their finances. B．Pets encourage owners to develop healthier habits. C．Pets help owners avoid loneliness by keeping them busy. D．Pets reduce the need for social interactions with other people. 3．Why might some people regret owning pets? A．Pets often require more food than expected. B．Pets can create noise that disturbs neighbors. C．Pets may become aggressive and harm their owners. D．Pets demand care and attention that some owners cannot provide. 4．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To summarize the emotional benefits of owning pets. B．To stress the need to think carefully before getting a pet. C．To argue that pets are more burdensome than beneficial. D．To provide examples of pets that require less care. 5．Which of the following best describes the author’s view on pet ownership? A．Pets are essential for emotional and physical health. B．Owning pets requires responsibility and careful thought. C．Pets are unnecessary responsibilities in modern life. D．People should avoid keeping pets unless they are wealthy. Passage 2 In 1926, this young man was fired from his job, and his first animation studio soon went bankrupt, leaving him penniless and sleeping in a friend’s garage. Worse still, the copyright of his Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was stolen by the distributor, and his core team members were poached (挖走). Plagued by long-term overwork and stress, he later suffered from chronic illnesses and lung cancer, which severely undermined his health. It would have been easy to point at the world for turning its back on him. Yet he refused to surrender — he grabbed his sketches and built a brand-new dream world that has enchanted generations. You must have guessed that this man was Walt Disney, who achieved extraordinary success later. Hence, stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You can be a success if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their life. They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life. Losers think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. Trace the thread of what sets a thing in motion, and the ability to steer its outcome follows naturally. Thoughts and beliefs cause everything. We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe. Rooted in these inner beliefs, our confidence takes shape, and one generally rises to the level that one expects. Our success depends upon our level of confidence. Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time, which are themselves shaped and reinforced by our underlying thoughts and beliefs. We are responsible for either consolidating good habits or kicking bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the artist’s experiences at the beginning of the passage? A．To detail the hardships Walt Disney faced in the early stages of his career. B．To highlight the common challenges faced by pioneers in the initial stage of his career. C．To illustrate how an individual’s response to adversity can shape their ultimate outcome. D．To prove that creative individuals are more likely to suffer from health problems under stress. 2．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they __________. A．are ready to change their minds B．are easily affected by windy weather C．don’t have the power to face their fate D．can’t exercise control over themselves 3．According to the passage, which statement is true about people’s attitudes toward success and failure? A．A chess champion thinks his repeated victories come from chance match situations. B．A failed entrepreneur sees his business failure as the result of sudden economic changes. C．A popular writer believes his long-term success comes from public favor. D．A losing runner thinks his failure in the game lies in his own poor training habits. 4．It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that __________. A．we must answer for the path we take B．attitudes and actions are the root cause of success C．thoughts and beliefs are the result of our habits D．setting our expectations is essential before taking action 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Success Is a Choice. B．The Secrets of Success. C．Develop Our Confidence. D．How to Achieve Success. Passage 3 From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be successful if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks. In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 1．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they ________. A．can’t exercise control over themselves B．don’t have the power to live like the wind C．are easily affected by windy weather D．are ready to change their minds 2．What is the common thought of failures according to the passage? A．Success is the result of hard work. B．They are responsible people. C．The failure is only because of bad luck. D．Making efforts leads to a good future. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what can we do if we identify the cause of something? A．We can avoid taking any responsibility for it. B．We can determine the consequences that follow. C．We can go back and change what has happened. D．We can accurately predict every future event. 4．The function of the last paragraph is ________. A．to prove the author’s points B．to conclude the argument C．to introduce another topic D．to give a comparison between two views 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Secrets of Success B．How to Achieve Success C．Develop Our Confidence D．Success Is a Choice Passage 4 Every school has an in-crowd — and a less-than-cool group, too. Amy’s hair is always perfect. “And,” says 17-year-old Danielle L. about her classmate, “she has so many outfits that she doesn’t wear the same one twice.” Like Danielle, you probably know who’s really popular at your school. They’re the trendsetters (引领潮流者), and everyone else follows their lead. The standards of the in-crowd differ from culture to culture and even school to school. Nevertheless, teens worldwide worry about popularity. As people grow from children to adults, looking for support from peers is normal, explains a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. Being popular has certain benefits. Popular kids often enjoy plenty of party invitations and dates. Along the way, they develop social skills and learn how to get along in different situations too. Being a trendsetter can also be exciting. That’s especially true if that status is used for a positive goal, such as making school a more welcoming place. “It is my hope that popular teens will choose to be the superhero rather than the villain,” says psychologist Leanna Closson. Popularity can have an unpleasant side, though. “Amy is very self-centred and complains about small things,” notes Danielle. “She makes fun of other people and is in general not an all-around nice person.” Eric M. says the popular crowd acts the same way at his high school. “They act really mean on the outside to make themselves seem better than everyone else,” says the 16-year-old. If being both popular and unlikable seems strange, think about how some teens — especially girls — try to boast their status. They don’t just pick on unpopular kids; they often aim at the middle and higher popularity levels. Teens may secretly hope their popularity will rise if they knock down possible “competitors”. Even if that makes them more popular, in the process they may make themselves less likeable. Achieving popularity doesn’t promise happiness, either. One study of New England teens found that high-status girls were more likely to have symptoms of depression after high school. Feeling you always have to act a certain way to stay popular can be stressful, suggests Antonius Cillessen of the Netherlands’ Radboud University. “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time,” he says. “It’s hard work.” 1．What can we learn about the standards of popularity from Paragraph 3? A．They are exactly the same in different schools. B．They vary depending on cultural and school backgrounds. C．They are mainly determined by students’ academic performance. D．They have nothing to do with teenagers’ peer relationships. 2．What does the psychologist Leanna Closson imply about popular teens? A．They should use their influence to create a better school environment. B．They are more likely to become superheroes in real life. C．They often set bad examples for other students at school. D．They should avoid competing with unpopular students. 3．What is one negative consequence of seeking popularity mentioned in the text? A．It makes teens completely lose their individuality. B．It may cause popular teens to become less likable. C．It forces teens to give up their hobbies and interests. D．It makes popular students fail to get along with others. 4．The underlined sentence “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A．maintaining popularity requires constant effort and causes stress B．popular students always pay close attention to their physical image C．keeping social status helps students become more confident D．popular teens are afraid of losing their friends at any time 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Advantages of Being Popular at School. B．Why Teenagers Long for Popularity Worldwide. C．Popularity: Benefits, Drawbacks and Hidden Costs. D．How to Become a Trendsetter Among Teenagers. Passage 5 Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective. “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to a concerned and worrying adult. The traditional idea that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek electronic devices to play games at once. And we don’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the countryside. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability— among adults as well as children— to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children ________. A．have time to think and have their imaginations developed B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．find effective solutions to social problems D．communicate more with their parents and friends 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the actions of parents in Paragraph 4? A．Positive B．Negative C．Hopeful D．Unconcerned 3．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. D．Planning constant activity for children. 4．The author mentioned the train journey to show that ________. A．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．the trip on a quiet train was very boring 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. C．Electronic devices are always good for children. D．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. Passage 6 Combining complaints and bragging online is sometimes referred to as “humblebragging,” when people boast under the guise of modesty or a complaint. It allows individuals to highlight their successes or positive traits while appearing embarrassed or complaining. For example, someone may post a question such as, “Why is it that I always take on too many things at any one time?” Humblebraggers hope to generate responses that reflect their competence and some applause. Humblebragging is a common social phenomenon often used on social media. However, it does not have the effect that the humblebragger is hoping for. For most people, bragging is not something positive. When they want to let others know about their achievements, they worry about potential hostile responses if people think they are bragging. Humblebragging allows people to relieve the tension and concerns by using modesty to prevent their self-promotion. Even though the reader often perceives it differently. Social media is often used to seek approval from others. The aim is to get as many hearts or thumbs-up as they have connections. However, such positive reactions are less likely if you humblebrag. Humblebragging can be perceived as insecure, insincere, and manipulative; those reading the post are left unimpressed or annoyed. Thus, there may be a social cost to posting content viewed as unreal. People prefer that others be honest rather than disguising what they mean. Straightforward bragging, even if not favoured by others, is at least honest. In the last few decades, it has become apparent that being authentic is important. For example, brand authenticity is synonymous with successful business practice, and consumers want influencers to be authentic. Humblebragging wants to walk a fine line between pride and humility but often achieves neither. In the end, people value honesty and vulnerability far more than an overly polished attempt to mask ambition. By trying to please everyone, humblebragging often pleases no one, leaving a trail of missed opportunities for genuine connection and admiration. Engaging with others through social media can be tricky. But at any point in time, it is better to own your achievements and be honest about what you have done. That way, others can, if they wish to, genuinely congratulate you on who you are and what you have accomplished. Equally, it is a good idea to share the potential difficulties that you may have faced on your journey to accomplishment. This can make what you share seem more relatable and vulnerable, just like anyone else. Also, discuss how you have grown as an individual and mention others who contributed to your success. Not only does it demonstrate that you have not always been successful, but you can recognise those who helped you get there. Something that can be uplifting for anyone who was involved. Humility brings you closer to others; it shows how you are authentic and don’t need to pretend or disguise what life can really be like. 1．Why does the author present the example of social media posts in the first paragraph? A．To prove that social media is full of insincere behaviors. B．To vividly introduce the concept of humblebragging. C．To criticize people for their desire for online approval. D．To warn readers against sharing personal achievements publicly. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards humblebragging in Paragraph 4? A．Sympathetic. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Neutral. 3．Why do people choose to humblebrag online? A．They want to make others feel annoyed. B．They fear negative reactions to direct bragging. C．They hope to hide their real achievements totally. D．They wish to become popular by telling lies. 4．We can infer from the text that ______. A．humblebragging has become the most popular way to seek approval B．people now value authenticity more than false modesty C．straightforward bragging is always better than other communication ways D．social media has made humblebragging the only way to share success 5．Which of the following behaviours does the author most recommend? A．Posting: “I am so confused — why do so many companies want to hire me suddenly?” B．Sharing: “After 2 years of hard work and many setbacks, I finally won the award. I really want to thank my teachers and teammates who supported me all the way.” C．Complaining: “I’m so tired — I have to attend 12 national meetings every week as the only student representative.” D．Commenting: “I don’t understand why people praise me — I actually did nothing great.” Passage 7 The social media platform Instagram once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. But do these efforts resolve mental health issues, or are they simply applying a band-aid to a wound? It’s a small step in the right direction, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychologist who works with youth who experience anxiety disorders. “Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People still can compare themselves to others, and people still can post comments.” Social platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety, depression, and even physical ailments (病痛).This puts a large amount of the population at an increased risk of feeling anxious, depressed, or ill over their social media use. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick? “When the outcome is unpredictable, the behavior is more likely to repeat. Think of a slot machine (老虎机): if game players knew they were never going to get money by playing the game, then they never would play,” says Sperling. “The idea of a potential future reward keeps the machines in use. The same goes for social media sites. One does not know how many likes a picture will get, who will like the picture, and when the picture will receive likes. The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites.” FOMO — fear of missing out — also impacts the youth greatly. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. If everyone else is using social media sites, and if you don’t join in, there’s concern that you’ll miss chats, jokes, connections, or invitations. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression. When people look online and see they’re excluded from an activity, it can affect thoughts and feelings, and can affect them physically. In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior. 1．What does Sperling think of Instagram’s measure? A．It’s strict. B．It’s limited. C．It’s objective. D．It’s conservative. 2．What is probably the major reason for social media addiction? A．Need for self-expression. B．Desire for constant recognition. C．Expectation of possible surprises. D．Lack of interest in real-life activities. 3．What does Sperling advise social platforms to do in the last paragraph? A．Restrict their service scales. B．Decrease one-on-one interactions C．Limit the time users spend on them. D．Shift the focus from sharing to messaging. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Redesign of social media platforms. B．Changes made by social media giants. C．Strategies for individuals’ self-control. D．Impact of social media on mental health. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To criticize Instagram’s ineffective measure of hiding likes. B．To analyze the causes of social media addiction and propose solutions. C．To explain how FOMO affects teenagers’ mental health. D．To prove that social media is harmful to people’s physical health. Passage 8 “I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent (有条理的) when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently underperformed at brain, verbal, and behaviour levels”. They demonstrated that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges at a critical historical moment for literacy. Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential work “Orality and Literacy” clarifies why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented (碎片化的) information, books provide rich context and sustained logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield our cognitive development to screens and algorithms, we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 1．What does writing primarily enable us to do? A．liberate personal thoughts effectively. B．Organize fragmented thoughts clearly. C．Develop strong communication skills. D．Recall information more accurately. 2．How did AI assistance affect writing according to the MIT study? A．It led to poorer results. B．It improved writing speed. C．It enhanced creative expression. D．It had little impact on brain activity. 3．Why is writing essential for developing logical arguments? A．It relies on rhyme and emotion. B．It is easier to remember and repeat. C．It requires concentration and engagement. D．It enables accurate and revisable statements. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital media’s effect on deep thinking? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Decline of Modern Literacy B．The Benefits of Reading in a Digital Age C．Writing: The Foundation of Deep Thinking D．Thinking: The Capacity for Complex Reasoning Passage 9 What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．unconcerned B．supportive C．puzzled D．disapproving 2．What does the author suggest about the ability to navigate social worlds? A．It is a cognitive skill. B．It relies on being charming. C．It is primarily a moral issue. D．It requires physical fitness. 3．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 4．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Experiencing. C．Managing. D．Recording. 5．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Navigating Our Social Worlds B．How to Interpret Social Skills C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships Passage 10 Nearly 2 million years ago, one of our ancestors developed bone cancer in their foot. The fate of this individual is unknown, but the fossilised remains leave no doubt that cancer has been a part of our story for a very long time. But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. If we are born altruists, then institutions are unnecessary. But if selfishness dominates, strong control is essential. In the language of evolutionary biology, we have a cooperation dilemma: there are situations where it is in our interest to work with others, and there are situations where it is not. As a result, visible rivalry (竞争) was replaced by what I call “invisible rivalry” — the ability to hide selfish, competitive intentions while maintaining the appearance of a cooperative nature. In other words, we evolved to compete in a cooperative world. This is where the analogy (类比) with cancer arises. Humanity’s long history of living with the disease means we have evolved biological mechanisms to reduce the risk it poses. Many reactions at the cellular level evolved to help our bodies fight off cancers. It is this strong immune system that explains why, although we are frequently exposed to viruses, these often don’t lead to illness. Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. But this isn’t going to happen until we first recognise the problem that invisible rivalry poses. In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system. If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that: freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. Evolution has made us this way but we can learn to overcome it. 1．The underlined phrase “to undermine the group” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______. A．to strengthen the group’s unity B．to weaken or damage the group C．to expand the group’s influence D．to reorganize the group’s structure 2．What can be inferred about the cultural immune system? A．It contributes to humanity’s competitiveness. B．Human dishonesty is said to be its byproduct. C．Internal threats in society cannot escape from it. D．It can be improved through enhancing cooperation. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The minority’s selfishness doesn’t mean cancers for society. B．It is hard to maintain the appearance of a cooperative nature. C．We need agree on the fact that invisible rivalry brings harm. D．The stability of society lies in humanity’s opportunistic nature. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Cure for Social Ills. B．The Mercy of Humanity. C．The Value in Institutions. D．The Root of Invisible Rivalry. 5．From the passage, it can be inferred that the stable development of human society mainly relies on _______. A．the natural disappearance of competitive desires over time B．our constant efforts to discover and control hidden selfish acts C．individuals’ willingness to give up personal interests for the group D．the complete replacement of biological laws by cultural rules 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $