Unit 1 The Changing World（知识清单）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 1 The Changing World”单元内容，涵盖主题词汇、动词/介词短语、实用交际句型、核心语法（现在完成时与后缀-ment）及“时代变迁”写作模块，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到语用表达的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合（词汇分主题、短语分动词/介词）、关联拓展（词汇详解含词性转换与写作佳句）、分级突破（语法分规则、示例、易错点）呈现知识体系，如语法部分归纳后缀-ment变化规则及现在完成时标志词，写作提供“总起-对比-感悟”框架与范文，培养语言能力和思维品质。练习题设计支持自主检测，教师可利用分类知识点精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 The Changing World 主 题 词 汇 1. _______________ n.休闲活动；空闲，闲暇 2. _______________ n.治疗；疗法；诊治 3. _______________ adv.现今；现在；目前 4. _______________ n.成就；功绩 5. _______________ adj.国际的 6. _______________ adj.狭窄的 7. _______________ n.街道围成的楼群；街区；大楼 8. _______________ n.公寓套房 9. _______________ n.改善；改进 10. _______________ n.高兴；快乐；愉快 11. _______________ n.结论，推论 12. _______________ n.娱乐活动；游戏 13. _______________ n.协议；协定；同意；一致 14. _______________ v.关闭；关上 15. _______________ v.污染 16. _______________ n.童年；幼年；孩童时期 17. _______________ n.笑；笑声 18. _______________ v.使激动；使兴奋 19. _______________ n.快乐；高兴 20. _______________ v.仍然是；保持不变；剩余 21. _______________ n.安慰；慰藉；舒服；安逸 v.安慰；宽慰 22. _______________ adv.不久前，最近 23. _______________ adj.熟悉的；常见到的 24. _______________ n.娱乐活动；娱乐 25. _______________ n.爵士乐 26. _______________ n.街区；城区 27. _______________ n.铁路；铁道 28. _______________ v.完成，结束 29. _______________ n.时代；年代；纪元 30. _______________ adv.几乎肯定；很可能 短 语 一、动词短语 1. take place（发生；出现） Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the years.（这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。） 2. change one’s life（改变某人的生活） New technology has changed people’s life greatly.（新技术极大地改变了人们的生活。） 3. keep up with（跟上） We should keep up with the development of the modern world.（我们应当跟上现代世界的发展步伐。） 4. deal with challenges（应对挑战） Every country needs to learn how to deal with challenges in the changing world.（每个国家都要学会如何应对变化世界中的挑战。） 5. speed up（加速） The Internet speeds up the exchange of information around the world.（互联网加速了全球的信息交流。） 6. realize one’s dream（实现某人的梦想） Many young people have realized their dreams in the new world.（许多年轻人在全新的时代实现了自己的梦想。） 7. open up our horizons（开阔我们的视野） Modern‑day communication opens up our horizons.（现代通讯开阔了我们的视野。） 二、介词短语 1. in the past few years（在过去的几年里） Many new buildings have appeared in the past few years.（在过去几年里出现了许多新建筑。） 2. with the development of（随着……的发展） With the development of science, our world is changing fast.（随着科技的发展，我们的世界正在快速改变。） 3. at present（目前；现在） People prefer to shop online at present.（现如今人们更喜欢网上购物。） 4. in such a rapidly‑changing world（在这样一个瞬息万变的世界） We must keep learning in such a rapidly‑changing world.（在瞬息万变的世界中我们必须坚持学习。） 5. over time（久而久之；随着时间推移） Our living conditions have improved a lot over time.（随着时间推移，我们的生活条件改善了许多。） 6. in recent years（最近几年） People’s ways of communication have changed a lot in recent years.（最近几年人们的交流方式变化很大。） 7. because of technological progress（由于科技进步） Our daily life becomes much easier because of technological progress.（由于科技进步，我们的日常生活变得便捷很多。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问变化 1. Have you noticed many changes in our hometown?（你注意到家乡的许多变化了吗？） 2. What great changes have taken place in your life?（你的生活发生了哪些巨大变化？） 3. Did you see any special changes around you?（你身边有没有发生一些特别的变化？） 4. How has our city changed in the past few years?（在过去几年里我们的城市发生了怎样的变化？） 5. What was your hometown like ten years ago?（十年前你的家乡是什么样子？） 6. Which change surprises you most?（哪一项变化最让你感到惊讶？） 7. Do you prefer the old life or the life today?（你更喜欢过去的生活还是现在的生活？） 二、描述变化 1. The most surprising change was that many tall buildings appeared.（最令人惊讶的变化是出现了许多高楼。） 2. I’ll never forget the day when I came back to my old town.（我永远不会忘记回到老家的那一天。） 3. It was the first time I had seen such great changes.（那是我第一次见到如此大的变化。） 4. Our living conditions have improved a lot.（我们的生活条件改善了很多。） 5. People used to walk to work, but now they take the subway.（人们过去走路上班，但是现在坐地铁。） 6. More trees and parks have made our environment much better.（更多树木和公园让我们的环境变得好多了。） 7. Online‑shopping makes it easier for us to buy all kinds of things.（网购让我们买各种各样的东西方便多了。） 三、表达观点感受 1. I think these changes make our life easier.（我认为这些变化让我们的生活更便利。） 2. In my opinion, change is a good thing for us.（在我看来，变化对我们来说是一件好事。） 3. I hope our world will become more beautiful in the future.（我希望未来我们的世界会变得更加美好。） 4. Some changes bring us convenience, but they also cause new problems.（一些变化带给我们便利，但也带来了新问题。） 5. I feel proud of the fast development of our hometown.（我为家乡的快速发展感到自豪。） 6. Technology has greatly changed the way we communicate with each other.（科技大大改变了我们彼此交流的方式。） 7. We should try our best to keep our old memories while welcoming new changes.（我们在迎接新变化的同时，也要尽力留住往日的记忆。） 语法 现在完成时和后缀-ment 写作 时代变迁 一、知识点精讲 1. achievement n. 成就；功绩 【详解】 ① achieve v. 实现；达到；完成 ② achievable adj. 可实现的 ③ achieve success 取得成功 ④ make achievements 取得成就 【写作佳句】 We have made great achievements in protecting the environment over the years. 这些年来，我们在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 2. narrow adj. 狭窄的 v. （使）变窄 【详解】 ① narrowly adv. 勉强地；狭窄地 ② narrow down 缩小（范围） 【写作佳句】 The road was too narrow for two cars to pass at the same time. 这条路太窄，两辆车无法同时通行。 3. improvement n. 改善；改进 【详解】 ① improve v. 改善；提高 ② improve oneself 自我提升 ③ make an improvement 做出改进 【写作佳句】 With daily practice, you can see great improvement in your English. 坚持每日练习，你会看到自己英语水平的大幅提升。 4. conclusion n. 结论，推论 【详解】 ① conclude v. 得出结论；结束 ② draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 ③ in conclusion 总之（作文连接词） 【写作佳句】 In conclusion, every small effort can change our world for the better. 总之，每一份微小的努力都能让我们的世界变得更好。 5. amusement n. 娱乐活动；游戏 【详解】 ① amuse v. 使发笑；使娱乐 ② amused adj. 感到好笑的 ③ amusing adj. 令人发笑的 【易混辨析】 amused：主语通常是人，表示“（人）感到愉快的” amusing：主语通常是事物，表示“（事物）令人好笑的” 【写作佳句】 We visited an amusement park and enjoyed ourselves last weekend. 上周末我们去游乐园玩得很开心。 6. agreement n. 协议；协定；同意；一致 【详解】 ① agree v. 同意 ② disagree v. 不同意 ③ disagreement n. 分歧 ④ reach an agreement 达成协议 ⑤ in agreement 意见一致 【写作佳句】 Both sides finally reached an agreement after long talks. 经过漫长谈判，双方最终达成了协议。 7. pollute v. 污染 【详解】 ① pollution n. 污染 ② polluted adj. 被污染的 【写作佳句】 Factories should stop polluting the river with waste water. 工厂应当停止用废水污染河流。 8. excite v. 使激动；使兴奋 【详解】 ① excitement n. 兴奋；激动 ② excited adj. 感到兴奋的 ③ exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 【易混辨析】 excited 修饰人：sb. be excited 某人感到激动 exciting 修饰事物：sth. be exciting 某物令人激动 【写作佳句】 The exciting news made all the children excited. 这条令人振奋的消息让所有孩子都激动不已。 9. remain v. 仍然是；保持不变；剩余 【详解】 ① remaining adj. 剩余的 ② remain silent 保持沉默 ③ remain to be done 有待去做 【写作佳句】 Many old traditions still remain in this small village. 许多古老的传统在这座小村庄里依旧保留着。 10. comfort n. 安慰；慰藉；舒服；安逸 v. 安慰；宽慰 【详解】 ① comfortable adj. 舒适的 ② uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 【写作佳句】 A warm hug can comfort people who are in trouble. 一个温暖的拥抱可以安慰身处困境的人们。 11. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见到的 【详解】 ① be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物 ② be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 【易混辨析】 be familiar with：主语是人，意为“某人熟悉……” be familiar to：主语是事物，意为“……为某人所熟知” 【写作佳句】 Most students are familiar with this old folk story. 大多数学生都熟悉这个古老的民间故事。 12. complete v. 完成，结束 adj. 完整的 【详解】 ① completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 ② complete the task 完成任务 【写作佳句】 We need to complete the project before the end of this month. 我们需要在本月底之前完成这个项目。 二、核心语法精讲 单元语法：（一）后缀-ment 动词 + -ment → 名词 -ment 属于名词性后缀。它附着在动词词根后面，将动作转化为名词，通常表示以下三种含义： 动作本身或过程（如：development 发展这个过程） 动作产生的结果（如：achievement 取得的成果） 动作使用的工具或手段（如：equipment 使用的设备） 一、变化规则 规则 示例 大多数动词直接加 -ment develop → development, move → movement 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment argue → argument 以 y 结尾的动词，直接加 -ment enjoy → enjoyment 易错警示：argue → argument 常被误写成 arguement，务必注意去 e。 二、中考常考词汇汇总 动词 名词 词义 achieve achievement 成就 advertise advertisement 广告 agree agreement 同意/协议 amuse amusement 娱乐 argue argument 争论/论点 commit commitment 奉献/承诺 develop development 发展 disagree disagreement 不赞同/分歧 equip equipment 装备/器材 govern government 政府 improve improvement 改善/提高 manage management 管理/经营 move movement 运动/移动 punish punishment 惩罚 require requirement 要求/必要条件 treat treatment 治疗/对待 employ employment 雇用/工作 enjoy enjoyment 享受/乐趣 单元语法：（二）现在完成时（1） 现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题 The changing world（变化的世界），属于人与社会主题语境。常考写作任务：介绍家乡/城市多年来的变化、谈谈生活变迁带来的利弊、简述个人身边生活发生的改变。 写作核心：准确使用描述变化类词汇，熟练运用 take place, change a lot, in the past, nowadays, more and more 等短语；恰当运用现在完成时、一般过去时对比今昔变化，表达对社会发展的理解与感悟。 写作体裁以记叙文、议论文为主，词数多为 80-100 词。 2. 写作框架 开头：总起，点明我们所处的世界一直在发生巨大变化。 中间：分层叙述过去与现在生活、环境、交通等方面的对比，结合生活实例。 结尾：抒发感悟，正视发展带来的改变，珍惜当下，展望美好未来。 逻辑句式参考： 开头：The world around us has changed a lot during the past years. 中间：In the past, ... But nowadays, ... Great changes have taken place in our daily life. 结尾：Changes bring us convenience and we should make good use of them to create a better future. 3. 写作素材 核心词汇 change v.&n. 改变；变化 develop v. 发展 → development n. 发展 improve v. 改善；提高 convenient adj. 便利的 pollution n. 污染 transport n. 交通 communication n. 交流 高频短语 take place 发生 change a lot 变化很大 in the past 在过去 at present / nowadays 如今 more and more 越来越…… great changes 巨大变化 living conditions 生活条件 public transport 公共交通 加分句型 1. Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the past ten years. 在过去十年间，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2. People used to walk or ride bikes to work, but now they can take buses or drive cars. 过去人们常常步行或骑车上班，而现在他们可以乘坐公交或者开车。 3. With the development of technology, our life is becoming much easier. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活正变得更加便捷。 4. 范文背诵 Changes in My Hometown Changes have greatly taken place in my hometown in recent years. First, the environment has become much better. Streets are wide and clean with many trees and flowers on both sides. Tall buildings and new communities have appeared. People enjoy walking in the parks after dinner. Second, people’s lives has improved a lot. More families have their own cars, so travelling is easier than before. Some families even drive to visit other cities on weekends. I feel proud of these changes. I hope my hometown will become more beautiful in the future. Let’s work together to make it better. 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We are proud of many great __________ (achieve) our country has made. 2. The little girl looked at me with __________ (please). 3. The air in this area is much worse because of serious __________ (pollute). 4. He is __________ (familiar) with this old street than before. 5. The news __________ (excite) all of us yesterday afternoon. 6. My grandpa often talks about his happy __________ (child). 7. With the rapid development, many old houses are __________ (shut) down. 8. It brings us much __________ (comfortable) to live in such a new apartment. 9. People __________ (change) their ways of life greatly over the years. 10. My hometown __________ (see) lots of new buildings since 2020. 二、单词拼写 1. Many people enjoy their __________ (休闲) time by reading books. 2. He got a special __________ (治疗) from the famous doctor last month. 3. __________ (现今), more and more people choose to work online. 4. China has won many __________ (国际的) prizes in different fields. 5. The road was too __________ (狭窄的) for two cars to pass at the same time. 6. They live in a new __________ (公寓套房) in the city centre. 7. We can see a great __________ (改善) in our school environment. 8. It is my __________ (愉快) to share my story with all of you. 9. Finally, they reached an __________ (协议) after a long talk. 10. Noise is one kind of __________ (污染) in big cities. 11. He spent his __________ (童年) in a small mountain village. 12. We could hear the children’s __________ (笑声) from the garden. 13. The bad news didn’t __________ (使兴奋) anybody in the room. 14. Some old traditions __________ (仍然是) very popular among young people. 15. I haven’t seen him __________ (最近). 16. This kind of __________ (娱乐) is very popular among teenagers. 17. There is a new __________ (铁路) running through our town. 18. The workers __________ (完成) the big project three months ago. 19. We are living in a new __________ (时代) full of chances. 20. What he told us just now is __________ (不真实的). 三、完成句子 1. 随着时间流逝，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Our hometown ________________________________________________________. 2. 在过去的几年里，人们的生活条件已经改善了很多。 People’s living conditions _____________________________________________. 3. 我们应当跟上快速变化的世界。 We should __________________________________________________________. 4. 科技已经极大地改变了人们的日常生活。 Technology __________________________________________________________. 5. 在暑假期间，我亲眼看见了这座城市的发展。 ________________________________________, I saw the city’s development in person. 6. 现如今越来越多的人喜欢线上交流。 ________________________________________, more and more people like communicating online. 7. 这次经历开阔了我们对新世界的视野。 This experience ______________________________________________________. 8. 由于社会的发展，许多老旧街区已经消失了。 ________________________________________, many old neighbourhoods have disappeared. 9. 我们很难想象三十年前这里是什么样子。 We can hardly imagine ________________________________________________. 10. 在瞬息万变的世界中坚持学习非常重要。 It’s very important to keep‑learning ___________________________________. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Poverty (贫困) is a big problem around the world. But China has done a good job of dealing with it. Over the past years, the last 98.99 million people have got out of poverty 1 (success). China has made a “complete victory (彻底胜利)” in the fight 2 poverty. For a country with a population of about 1.4 billion, how did China make it? China found its way to throw off poverty. Instead of giving money to poor people, it has 3 (try) to educate people and give them the tools to help them out of poverty. Since 2015, 4 (million) of officials from governments and public organizations have also been sent to work in poor areas. Even common people have played 5 important role in the fight. Zhang Guimei is one of them. She set up (建立) a free senior high school for girls in order to 6 (help) them go on with their education. She has put her heart into 7 (improve) China’s education. Mao Xianglin 8 (work) with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult. Getting out of poverty is not the end, 9 the starting point of a new life. We are hopeful of a 10 (good) life than before. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。 For travelers, China in 1987 was a kind of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China was still using steam trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time. It was 2 (nature) for people from many countries to feel surprised. Bruce Connolly, 3 photographer (摄影师) from Scotland, was one of them. He came to China in 1987. 4 then, he has traveled to many areas of China. He also has valued every important moment in his eyes by 5 (take) photos. During his travel in China, Connolly found China was different from what he saw in photos. In the early years of his journeys, most Chinese people used to feel strange 6 (see) foreigners, and avoided talking with them. But now, there are lots of foreigners living or traveling in 7 (this) big cities. They are 8 longer strange to Chinese.   Another great change for Connolly is the wide use of new technologies. High-technology products 9 (use) everywhere. People almost do everything with their smartphones. China has never given up and has become one of the 10 (strong) countries in the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to tell the world that they are going to have a bright future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 主 题 词 汇 1. leisure n.休闲活动；空闲，闲暇 2. treatment n.治疗；疗法；诊治 3. nowadays adv.现今；现在；目前 4. achievement n.成就；功绩 5. international adj.国际的 6. narrow adj.狭窄的 7. block n.街道围成的楼群；街区；大楼 8. apartment n.公寓套房 9. improvement n.改善；改进 10. pleasure n.高兴；快乐；愉快 11. conclusion n.结论，推论 12. amusement n.娱乐活动；游戏 13. agreement n.协议；协定；同意；一致 14. shut v.关闭；关上 15. pollute v.污染 16. childhood n.童年；幼年；孩童时期 17. laughter n.笑；笑声 18. excite v.使激动；使兴奋 19. happiness n.快乐；高兴 20. remain v.仍然是；保持不变；剩余 21. comfort n.安慰；慰藉；舒服；安逸 v.安慰；宽慰 22. recently adv.不久前，最近 23. familiar adj.熟悉的；常见到的 24. entertainment n.娱乐活动；娱乐 25. jazz n.爵士乐 26. neighbourhood n.街区；城区 27. rail n.铁路；铁道 28. complete v.完成，结束 29. era n.时代；年代；纪元 30. probably adv.几乎肯定；很可能 短 语 一、动词短语 1. take place（发生；出现） Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the years.（这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。） 2. change one’s life（改变某人的生活） New technology has changed people’s life greatly.（新技术极大地改变了人们的生活。） 3. keep up with（跟上） We should keep up with the development of the modern world.（我们应当跟上现代世界的发展步伐。） 4. deal with challenges（应对挑战） Every country needs to learn how to deal with challenges in the changing world.（每个国家都要学会如何应对变化世界中的挑战。） 5. speed up（加速） The Internet speeds up the exchange of information around the world.（互联网加速了全球的信息交流。） 6. realize one’s dream（实现某人的梦想） Many young people have realized their dreams in the new world.（许多年轻人在全新的时代实现了自己的梦想。） 7. open up our horizons（开阔我们的视野） Modern‑day communication opens up our horizons.（现代通讯开阔了我们的视野。） 二、介词短语 1. in the past few years（在过去的几年里） Many new buildings have appeared in the past few years.（在过去几年里出现了许多新建筑。） 2. with the development of（随着……的发展） With the development of science, our world is changing fast.（随着科技的发展，我们的世界正在快速改变。） 3. at present（目前；现在） People prefer to shop online at present.（现如今人们更喜欢网上购物。） 4. in such a rapidly‑changing world（在这样一个瞬息万变的世界） We must keep learning in such a rapidly‑changing world.（在瞬息万变的世界中我们必须坚持学习。） 5. over time（久而久之；随着时间推移） Our living conditions have improved a lot over time.（随着时间推移，我们的生活条件改善了许多。） 6. in recent years（最近几年） People’s ways of communication have changed a lot in recent years.（最近几年人们的交流方式变化很大。） 7. because of technological progress（由于科技进步） Our daily life becomes much easier because of technological progress.（由于科技进步，我们的日常生活变得便捷很多。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问变化 1. Have you noticed many changes in our hometown?（你注意到家乡的许多变化了吗？） 2. What great changes have taken place in your life?（你的生活发生了哪些巨大变化？） 3. Did you see any special changes around you?（你身边有没有发生一些特别的变化？） 4. How has our city changed in the past few years?（在过去几年里我们的城市发生了怎样的变化？） 5. What was your hometown like ten years ago?（十年前你的家乡是什么样子？） 6. Which change surprises you most?（哪一项变化最让你感到惊讶？） 7. Do you prefer the old life or the life today?（你更喜欢过去的生活还是现在的生活？） 二、描述变化 1. The most surprising change was that many tall buildings appeared.（最令人惊讶的变化是出现了许多高楼。） 2. I’ll never forget the day when I came back to my old town.（我永远不会忘记回到老家的那一天。） 3. It was the first time I had seen such great changes.（那是我第一次见到如此大的变化。） 4. Our living conditions have improved a lot.（我们的生活条件改善了很多。） 5. People used to walk to work, but now they take the subway.（人们过去走路上班，但是现在坐地铁。） 6. More trees and parks have made our environment much better.（更多树木和公园让我们的环境变得好多了。） 7. Online‑shopping makes it easier for us to buy all kinds of things.（网购让我们买各种各样的东西方便多了。） 三、表达观点感受 1. I think these changes make our life easier.（我认为这些变化让我们的生活更便利。） 2. In my opinion, change is a good thing for us.（在我看来，变化对我们来说是一件好事。） 3. I hope our world will become more beautiful in the future.（我希望未来我们的世界会变得更加美好。） 4. Some changes bring us convenience, but they also cause new problems.（一些变化带给我们便利，但也带来了新问题。） 5. I feel proud of the fast development of our hometown.（我为家乡的快速发展感到自豪。） 6. Technology has greatly changed the way we communicate with each other.（科技大大改变了我们彼此交流的方式。） 7. We should try our best to keep our old memories while welcoming new changes.（我们在迎接新变化的同时，也要尽力留住往日的记忆。） 语法 现在完成时和后缀-ment 写作 时代变迁 一、知识点精讲 1. achievement n. 成就；功绩 【详解】 ① achieve v. 实现；达到；完成 ② achievable adj. 可实现的 ③ achieve success 取得成功 ④ make achievements 取得成就 【写作佳句】 We have made great achievements in protecting the environment over the years. 这些年来，我们在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 2. narrow adj. 狭窄的 v. （使）变窄 【详解】 ① narrowly adv. 勉强地；狭窄地 ② narrow down 缩小（范围） 【写作佳句】 The road was too narrow for two cars to pass at the same time. 这条路太窄，两辆车无法同时通行。 3. improvement n. 改善；改进 【详解】 ① improve v. 改善；提高 ② improve oneself 自我提升 ③ make an improvement 做出改进 【写作佳句】 With daily practice, you can see great improvement in your English. 坚持每日练习，你会看到自己英语水平的大幅提升。 4. conclusion n. 结论，推论 【详解】 ① conclude v. 得出结论；结束 ② draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 ③ in conclusion 总之（作文连接词） 【写作佳句】 In conclusion, every small effort can change our world for the better. 总之，每一份微小的努力都能让我们的世界变得更好。 5. amusement n. 娱乐活动；游戏 【详解】 ① amuse v. 使发笑；使娱乐 ② amused adj. 感到好笑的 ③ amusing adj. 令人发笑的 【易混辨析】 amused：主语通常是人，表示“（人）感到愉快的” amusing：主语通常是事物，表示“（事物）令人好笑的” 【写作佳句】 We visited an amusement park and enjoyed ourselves last weekend. 上周末我们去游乐园玩得很开心。 6. agreement n. 协议；协定；同意；一致 【详解】 ① agree v. 同意 ② disagree v. 不同意 ③ disagreement n. 分歧 ④ reach an agreement 达成协议 ⑤ in agreement 意见一致 【写作佳句】 Both sides finally reached an agreement after long talks. 经过漫长谈判，双方最终达成了协议。 7. pollute v. 污染 【详解】 ① pollution n. 污染 ② polluted adj. 被污染的 【写作佳句】 Factories should stop polluting the river with waste water. 工厂应当停止用废水污染河流。 8. excite v. 使激动；使兴奋 【详解】 ① excitement n. 兴奋；激动 ② excited adj. 感到兴奋的 ③ exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 【易混辨析】 excited 修饰人：sb. be excited 某人感到激动 exciting 修饰事物：sth. be exciting 某物令人激动 【写作佳句】 The exciting news made all the children excited. 这条令人振奋的消息让所有孩子都激动不已。 9. remain v. 仍然是；保持不变；剩余 【详解】 ① remaining adj. 剩余的 ② remain silent 保持沉默 ③ remain to be done 有待去做 【写作佳句】 Many old traditions still remain in this small village. 许多古老的传统在这座小村庄里依旧保留着。 10. comfort n. 安慰；慰藉；舒服；安逸 v. 安慰；宽慰 【详解】 ① comfortable adj. 舒适的 ② uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 【写作佳句】 A warm hug can comfort people who are in trouble. 一个温暖的拥抱可以安慰身处困境的人们。 11. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见到的 【详解】 ① be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物 ② be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 【易混辨析】 be familiar with：主语是人，意为“某人熟悉……” be familiar to：主语是事物，意为“……为某人所熟知” 【写作佳句】 Most students are familiar with this old folk story. 大多数学生都熟悉这个古老的民间故事。 12. complete v. 完成，结束 adj. 完整的 【详解】 ① completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 ② complete the task 完成任务 【写作佳句】 We need to complete the project before the end of this month. 我们需要在本月底之前完成这个项目。 二、核心语法精讲 单元语法：（一）后缀-ment 动词 + -ment → 名词 -ment 属于名词性后缀。它附着在动词词根后面，将动作转化为名词，通常表示以下三种含义： 动作本身或过程（如：development 发展这个过程） 动作产生的结果（如：achievement 取得的成果） 动作使用的工具或手段（如：equipment 使用的设备） 一、变化规则 规则 示例 大多数动词直接加 -ment develop → development, move → movement 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment argue → argument 以 y 结尾的动词，直接加 -ment enjoy → enjoyment 易错警示：argue → argument 常被误写成 arguement，务必注意去 e。 二、中考常考词汇汇总 动词 名词 词义 achieve achievement 成就 advertise advertisement 广告 agree agreement 同意/协议 amuse amusement 娱乐 argue argument 争论/论点 commit commitment 奉献/承诺 develop development 发展 disagree disagreement 不赞同/分歧 equip equipment 装备/器材 govern government 政府 improve improvement 改善/提高 manage management 管理/经营 move movement 运动/移动 punish punishment 惩罚 require requirement 要求/必要条件 treat treatment 治疗/对待 employ employment 雇用/工作 enjoy enjoyment 享受/乐趣 单元语法：（二）现在完成时（1） 现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题 The changing world（变化的世界），属于人与社会主题语境。常考写作任务：介绍家乡/城市多年来的变化、谈谈生活变迁带来的利弊、简述个人身边生活发生的改变。 写作核心：准确使用描述变化类词汇，熟练运用 take place, change a lot, in the past, nowadays, more and more 等短语；恰当运用现在完成时、一般过去时对比今昔变化，表达对社会发展的理解与感悟。 写作体裁以记叙文、议论文为主，词数多为 80-100 词。 2. 写作框架 开头：总起，点明我们所处的世界一直在发生巨大变化。 中间：分层叙述过去与现在生活、环境、交通等方面的对比，结合生活实例。 结尾：抒发感悟，正视发展带来的改变，珍惜当下，展望美好未来。 逻辑句式参考： 开头：The world around us has changed a lot during the past years. 中间：In the past, ... But nowadays, ... Great changes have taken place in our daily life. 结尾：Changes bring us convenience and we should make good use of them to create a better future. 3. 写作素材 核心词汇 change v.&n. 改变；变化 develop v. 发展 → development n. 发展 improve v. 改善；提高 convenient adj. 便利的 pollution n. 污染 transport n. 交通 communication n. 交流 高频短语 take place 发生 change a lot 变化很大 in the past 在过去 at present / nowadays 如今 more and more 越来越…… great changes 巨大变化 living conditions 生活条件 public transport 公共交通 加分句型 1. Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the past ten years. 在过去十年间，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2. People used to walk or ride bikes to work, but now they can take buses or drive cars. 过去人们常常步行或骑车上班，而现在他们可以乘坐公交或者开车。 3. With the development of technology, our life is becoming much easier. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活正变得更加便捷。 4. 范文背诵 Changes in My Hometown Changes have greatly taken place in my hometown in recent years. First, the environment has become much better. Streets are wide and clean with many trees and flowers on both sides. Tall buildings and new communities have appeared. People enjoy walking in the parks after dinner. Second, people’s lives has improved a lot. More families have their own cars, so travelling is easier than before. Some families even drive to visit other cities on weekends. I feel proud of these changes. I hope my hometown will become more beautiful in the future. Let’s work together to make it better. 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We are proud of many great __________ (achieve) our country has made. 2. The little girl looked at me with __________ (please). 3. The air in this area is much worse because of serious __________ (pollute). 4. He is __________ (familiar) with this old street than before. 5. The news __________ (excite) all of us yesterday afternoon. 6. My grandpa often talks about his happy __________ (child). 7. With the rapid development, many old houses are __________ (shut) down. 8. It brings us much __________ (comfortable) to live in such a new apartment. 9. People __________ (change) their ways of life greatly over the years. 10. My hometown __________ (see) lots of new buildings since 2020. 二、单词拼写 1. Many people enjoy their __________ (休闲) time by reading books. 2. He got a special __________ (治疗) from the famous doctor last month. 3. __________ (现今), more and more people choose to work online. 4. China has won many __________ (国际的) prizes in different fields. 5. The road was too __________ (狭窄的) for two cars to pass at the same time. 6. They live in a new __________ (公寓套房) in the city centre. 7. We can see a great __________ (改善) in our school environment. 8. It is my __________ (愉快) to share my story with all of you. 9. Finally, they reached an __________ (协议) after a long talk. 10. Noise is one kind of __________ (污染) in big cities. 11. He spent his __________ (童年) in a small mountain village. 12. We could hear the children’s __________ (笑声) from the garden. 13. The bad news didn’t __________ (使兴奋) anybody in the room. 14. Some old traditions __________ (仍然是) very popular among young people. 15. I haven’t seen him __________ (最近). 16. This kind of __________ (娱乐) is very popular among teenagers. 17. There is a new __________ (铁路) running through our town. 18. The workers __________ (完成) the big project three months ago. 19. We are living in a new __________ (时代) full of chances. 20. What he told us just now is __________ (不真实的). 三、完成句子 1. 随着时间流逝，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Our hometown ________________________________________________________. 2. 在过去的几年里，人们的生活条件已经改善了很多。 People’s living conditions _____________________________________________. 3. 我们应当跟上快速变化的世界。 We should __________________________________________________________. 4. 科技已经极大地改变了人们的日常生活。 Technology __________________________________________________________. 5. 在暑假期间，我亲眼看见了这座城市的发展。 ________________________________________, I saw the city’s development in person. 6. 现如今越来越多的人喜欢线上交流。 ________________________________________, more and more people like communicating online. 7. 这次经历开阔了我们对新世界的视野。 This experience ______________________________________________________. 8. 由于社会的发展，许多老旧街区已经消失了。 ________________________________________, many old neighbourhoods have disappeared. 9. 我们很难想象三十年前这里是什么样子。 We can hardly imagine ________________________________________________. 10. 在瞬息万变的世界中坚持学习非常重要。 It’s very important to keep‑learning ___________________________________. 参考答案 一、词形填空：1.achievements 2.pleasure 3.pollution 4.more familiar 5.excited 6.childhood 7.shut 8.comfort 9.have changed 10.has seen 二、单词拼写：1.leisure 2.treatment 3.Nowadays 4.international 5.narrow 6.apartment 7.improvement 8.pleasure 9.agreement 10.pollution 11.childhood 12.laughter 13.excite 14.remain 15.recently 16.entertainment 17.rail 18.completed 19.era 20.false 三、完成句子：1.has changed a lot over time 2.have improved a lot in the past few years 3.keep up with the rapidly‑changing world 4.has greatly changed people’s daily life 5.During the summer vacation 6.Nowadays 7.opened up our horizons to the new world 8.With the development of society 9.what this place was like thirty years ago 10.in such a rapidly‑changing world 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Poverty (贫困) is a big problem around the world. But China has done a good job of dealing with it. Over the past years, the last 98.99 million people have got out of poverty 1 (success). China has made a “complete victory (彻底胜利)” in the fight 2 poverty. For a country with a population of about 1.4 billion, how did China make it? China found its way to throw off poverty. Instead of giving money to poor people, it has 3 (try) to educate people and give them the tools to help them out of poverty. Since 2015, 4 (million) of officials from governments and public organizations have also been sent to work in poor areas. Even common people have played 5 important role in the fight. Zhang Guimei is one of them. She set up (建立) a free senior high school for girls in order to 6 (help) them go on with their education. She has put her heart into 7 (improve) China’s education. Mao Xianglin 8 (work) with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult. Getting out of poverty is not the end, 9 the starting point of a new life. We are hopeful of a 10 (good) life than before. 【答案】 1．successfully 2．against 3．tried 4．millions 5．an 6．help 7．improving 8．worked 9．but 10．better 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国在消除贫困方面取得的成就及其采取的主要措施，包括教育扶贫、干部下乡帮扶以及普通人如张桂梅、毛相林等人的贡献。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，最后9899万人成功摆脱了贫困。根据“got out of poverty”可知，此处需用副词来修饰动词短语，success是名词，其副词是successfully。故填successfully。 2．句意：中国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了“彻底胜利”。fight against...是固定搭配，意为“与……作斗争”。故填against。 3．句意：它不是给穷人钱，而是试图教育人们，并给他们提供摆脱贫困的工具。根据“it has”可知，此处为现在完成时结构“has + 过去分词”，try的过去分词是tried。故填tried。 4．句意：自2015年以来，数百万来自政府和公共组织的官员也被派往贫困地区工作。millions of“数百万的”。故填millions。 5．句意：甚至普通人也在这场斗争中发挥了重要作用。play an important role in...是固定短语，意为“在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用”。由于important以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．句意：她建立了一所免费的女子高中，目的是帮助她们继续学业。in order to do sth.“为了做某事”，为固定搭配，help“帮助”，为动词原词。故填help。 7．句意：她一心扑在改善中国的教育上。into为介词，后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语。improve为动词原形，其动名词形式为improving。故填improving。 8．句意：尽管条件非常艰苦，毛相林还是和村民们一起修路以改善他们的生活。根据“Mao Xianglin...with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult.”可知，本句描述的是过去发生的具体事实，谓语需用一般过去时，work的过去式是worked。故填worked。 9．句意：摆脱贫困不是终点，而是新生活的起点。not...but...“不是……而是……”。故填but。 10．句意：我们期盼着比过去更好的生活。根据“than”可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，good形容词原级，意为“好的”，其比较级是better。故填better。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。 For travelers, China in 1987 was a kind of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China was still using steam trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time. It was 2 (nature) for people from many countries to feel surprised. Bruce Connolly, 3 photographer (摄影师) from Scotland, was one of them. He came to China in 1987. 4 then, he has traveled to many areas of China. He also has valued every important moment in his eyes by 5 (take) photos. During his travel in China, Connolly found China was different from what he saw in photos. In the early years of his journeys, most Chinese people used to feel strange 6 (see) foreigners, and avoided talking with them. But now, there are lots of foreigners living or traveling in 7 (this) big cities. They are 8 longer strange to Chinese.   Another great change for Connolly is the wide use of new technologies. High-technology products 9 (use) everywhere. People almost do everything with their smartphones. China has never given up and has become one of the 10 (strong) countries in the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to tell the world that they are going to have a bright future. 【答案】 1．probably 2．natural 3．a 4．Since 5．taking 6．to see 7．these 8．no 9．are used 10．strongest 【导语】本文主要介绍了苏格兰摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利自1987年以来，游览了中国的大部分地区，见证了中国翻天覆地的变化，以及他的感受。 1．句意：大多数人可能没有想到中国能在这么短的时间内进入高铁时代。根据“didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time.”可知，此处是说可能没想到，probable“可能的”，形容词，此处应用副词probably修饰动词，故填probably。 2．句意：许多国家的人感到惊讶是很自然的。根据“for people from many countries to feel surprised.”可知，此处是说感到惊讶是很自然的，nature“自然”，名词，此处应用形容词natural作表语，故填natural。 3．句意：来自苏格兰的摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利就是其中之一。根据“photographer (摄影师) from Scotland”可知，此处是介绍摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利，photographer是名词，前面应用不定冠词修饰，photographer以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 4．句意：从那时起，他到过中国的许多地区旅行。根据“he has traveled to many areas of China.”可知，此处是说从那时起，since then“从那时起”，固定短语，句首首字母大写，故填Since。 5．句意：他还通过拍照珍惜眼中的每一个重要时刻。根据“has valued every important moment in his eyes by...”可知，此处是说通过拍照珍惜重要时刻，by是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填taking。 6．句意：在他旅行的早期，大多数中国人看到外国人时常常感到奇怪，避免与他们交谈。根据“most Chinese people used to feel strange...foreigners”可知，此处是说看到外国人感到奇怪，see“看见”，动词，feel strange to do sth.“做某事感到奇怪”，故填to see。 7．句意：但是现在，有很多外国人生活或旅行在这些大城市里。根据“lots of foreigners living or traveling in...big cities.”可知，此处是说这些大城市，this“这个”，指示代词，根据“cities”可知，此处应用these“这些”，故填these。 8．句意：他们对中国人来说不再是陌生的了。根据“longer strange to Chinese.”可知，此处是说不再陌生，no longer“不再”，固定短语，故填no。 9．句意：高科技产品到处都在使用。根据“High-technology products...everywhere.”可知，此处是说高科技产品被使用，use“使用”，动词，主语“High-technology products”与动词use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are used。 10．句意：中国从未放弃，已成为世界上最强大的国家之一。根据“one of the...countries in the world.”可知，此处是说最强大的国家之一，strong“强大的”，形容词，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”，这里要填形容词最高级。故填strongest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $