UNIT 1 文化通览 博览万象 融会中西-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word（译林版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“中国文学与艺术”主题构建语言学习支架，先通过15个高频词汇（如genre, artistic, pigment）和4个话题佳句（涉及唐卡、京剧、水墨画）奠定基础，再以Regong Thangka完形填空、饮食与减肥阅读理解、《秘密花园》节选三个语篇为载体，实现词汇积累、语法应用到语篇理解的递进。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，如Regong Thangka语篇介绍非遗文化，增强学生家国情怀；饮食文章通过分析严格饮食失败的心理与生理原因，提升批判性思维。课中辅助教师整合文化与语言教学，课后帮助学生巩固词汇、语法及阅读技巧，查漏补缺。

中国文学与艺术 【高频词汇】 1．genre n.　　　　　　　　 体裁，类型 2．artistic adj. 艺术的 3．career n. 职业生涯 4．copy v. 临摹 5．manual adj. 手工的 6．academy n. 学院 7．incorporate v. 包含 8．element n. 元素 9．respectively adv. 分别地 10．reference n. 参考 11．genuine adj. 真正的 12．pigment n. 颜料 13．brushwork n. 笔法 14．mix n. 融合 15．oriental adj. 东方的 【话题佳句】 1．True art connects with the viewers' soul, showing emotions that are too profound for ordinary speech. 真正的艺术与观赏者的灵魂共鸣，传递出平凡话语无法承载的深刻情感。 2．Known as a “mobile temple”， a Tibetan thangka is far more than a painting on silk or cotton; it is a sacred scroll where every brushstroke, from the vivid depiction of deities to the detailed golden patterns, serves as a visual meditation offering in Buddhism. 藏族唐卡被称为 “移动的寺庙”，它远不止是一幅绘于丝绸或棉布上的画作，更是一卷神圣的卷轴。从生动的神祇画像到繁复的金线图案，每一笔都是佛教中的视觉冥想。 3．Peking Opera is an amazing mix of music, dance, and acrobatics, where the iconic facial masks—with their bright colors and exaggerated lines—do not just dress up the performers but show their personalities, moral integrity, and fates for the audience to read at a glance. 京剧是音乐、舞蹈与杂技的迷人融合。其标志性的脸谱——以明亮的色彩和夸张的线条——不仅装扮着表演者，更展现了角色的性格、气节与命运，让观众一眼便能读懂。 4．Embracing the philosophy of “less is more”， Chinese ink wash painting, or shanshui painting, uses the soft changes of black ink and the deliberate emptiness of the paper to create a boundless landscape, inviting viewers to wander in the realm of imagination and find peace in the void.　秉承 “少即是多” 的哲学，中国水墨画(或称山水画)利用墨色的轻柔变化与纸上的有意留白创造出无边无际的风景，邀请观者徜徉于想象之境，并在留白中寻得宁静。 Regong Thangka: A Colorful Heritage of Qinghai Located in the foothills of the Qinghai­Xizang Plateau, Regong Thangka, a traditional Buddhist scroll painting from Qinghai Province, 1.has__attracted(attract) art lovers for centuries. Originating in the 13th century, this unique art form combines religious devotion 2.with artistic excellence. Thangka artists, often trained from childhood, use natural materials like mineral pigments (矿物颜料) and gold powder to create complex works that depict Buddhist deities, historical events, and symbolic stories. Recognized as 3.a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009, Regong Thangka serves not only as religious art but also as a visual encyclopedia (百科全书) of Tibetan culture. The creation of a Thangka demands extraordinary patience and skill. Artists begin by stretching cotton cloth over a wooden frame, then draw designs 4.using(use) charcoal (木炭). Next, they apply layers of bright pigments mixed with yak (牦牛) glue, a traditional adhesive (粘合剂) that ensures durability. Gold leaf is carefully pressed onto specific areas to highlight sacred 5.figures(figure). 6.What sets Regong Thangka apart is its “three­dimensional (三维)” effect—figures seem to emerge from the canvas through shading techniques perfected over generations. A single piece can take months, 7.or even years, to complete, reflecting the artists' spiritual commitment. In modern times, Regong Thangka faces challenges from mass­produced copies. However, local communities are actively preserving this heritage. The Qinghai government has established vocational schools 8.to__train(train) young learners, while master artists like Xiawu Caidan incorporate modern themes without harming traditional values. Interestingly, digital technology now aids preservation: high­resolution (高清晰度的) scans allow global audiences to admire these works online, sparking renewed interest. The cultural significance of Regong Thangka gained international attention during the 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou. The French President at that time, while visiting a cultural exhibition, paused to admire a Regong Thangka 9.displayed(display) alongside Chinese porcelain (瓷器). He remarked, “This art carries the soul of a civilization.” Though brief, this moment highlighted Thangka's power to go beyond language barriers and connect cultures. Today, Regong Thangka stands at a crossroads between tradition and innovation. While some artists strictly follow ancient methods, others experiment with new materials or collaborate with fashion designers. Yet all agree on one principle: every brushstroke must honor the wisdom of their ancestors. As symbols of peace and harmony, these radiant paintings continue to inspire, reminding the world that true art is 10.timeless(time). Why Strict Diets Are a Bad Idea for Long­term Weight Loss Adapted from Science Alert Those hoping to lose weight this year might be tempted to try a diet challenge in the hopes of kick­starting their weight loss. But while we might think these kinds of short­term, restrictive diets will help give our waistlines a nudge, psychology and physiology shows us why this strategy can be so hard to stick to—and why it probably won't result in long­term weight loss. Research estimates that as few as 20% of people who lose weight through dieting manage to keep the weight off long­term. For decades, psychologists have been trying to understand why it is that diets so often fail. One potential reason for this is that diets often involve strict food rules—such as avoiding the foods you enjoy. The problem with this strategy is that the foods people tend to crave most—such as chocolate, ice cream and crisps—activate the brain's reward system. This creates positive feelings. When we cut these foods out of our diet, we lose the pleasure they bring. This can then trigger food cravings—a complex psychological process where we experience an intense desire to eat a particular food, even when we're not hungry. Food cravings are often dependent on mood and may be particularly bad when we feel stressed. They can also be especially intense in the afternoon and evening when we feel more tired and have less willpower to resist these cravings. Food cravings can drive overeating, especially when trying to diet. One review even showed that when people deliberately excluded certain foods from their diet, they experienced an increase in cravings for the foods they were avoiding. Although the review's authors conclude that this response can be unlearned, it explains why even short­term restrictive diets tend not to work. Crash diets can trigger stronger food cravings, which can make it harder to stick to your goals—and may even lead to weight gain instead. Repeated dieting failures can also harm self­efficacy (our belief in our own ability to succeed), a psychological resource important for making lasting behaviour changes. 1．kick­start v．启动，开启；推进 2．restrictive diets 限制性饮食 3．waistline n．腰围 4．physiology n．生理学 5．keep the weight off 维持体重 6．strict food rules 严格的饮食规则 7．crave v．渴望，渴求 8．reward system 奖赏系统 9．trigger v．引起；触发 10．willpower n．意志力 11．overeating n．暴饮暴食 12．unlearn v．摒弃(旧习惯) 13．crash diets 速成节食，突击节食 14．self­efficacy 自我效能感 15．lasting behaviour changes 持久的行为改变 1.But while we might think these kinds of short­term, restrictive diets will help give our waistlines a nudge, psychology and physiology shows us why this strategy can be so hard to stick to—and why it probably won't result in long­term weight loss. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。while 引导让步状语从句，其中，“these kinds of short­term, restrictive diets will help give our waistlines a nudge”是省略关系词that的宾语从句；主句中 why 引导两个并列的宾语从句。 [翻译]　虽然我们可能认为这类短期限制性饮食能帮我们瘦一点，但心理学和生理学告诉我们，为什么这种方法很难坚持，以及为什么它可能无法带来长期的减重效果。 2．This can then trigger food cravings—a complex psychological process where we experience an intense desire to eat a particular food, even when we're not hungry. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。破折号后是同位语，解释 food cravings的具体内容；where 引导定语从句，修饰 process。 [翻译]　这进而会引发食欲渴望——这是一个复杂的心理过程，即使不饿，我们也会强烈想吃某种特定食物。 Research shows strict short­term diets rarely lead to long­term 1.weight__loss. Forbidden foods trigger 2.strong__cravings and overeating, making diets hard to maintain. Repeated failures damage 3.self­efficacy. Lasting healthy changes work better than strict restrictions. Her First Friend Martha Excerpt from Secret Garden 性格孤僻的小女孩玛丽、农家小子迪肯和体弱多病的少爷柯林成了好朋友，他们找到了秘密花园的钥匙，和花园一起经历了一次诗意般的复活。 When cholera (霍乱) swept through① the house in India, it killed Mary's mother, her father and her servants. Only ten­year­old Mary Lennox survived, becoming an orphan②. Finally, she was sent to live with her Uncle Archibald in Yorkshire. Mary sighed③ as④ the train pulled out⑤ of the station. “More travelling！” she thought to herself. “I've been going from person to person for weeks, like the booby prize in ‘pass the parcel’．” She was going to stay with the only relation she had left, but she knew nothing about him. Her black dress was stiff⑥ and itchy⑦. She felt cold. Was England always so wet? So grey? It was very different from India. Even the people were different. They looked and sounded strange. Just then Mrs. Medlock spoke. She was her uncle's housekeeper⑧ and had come to take Mary back to Yorkshire.“So，” said Mrs. Medlock，“what do you know about your uncle？” Mary said nothing. “What a rude⑨ child！” thought Mrs. Medlock.“And very plain⑩ looking. Why, her face is so pale⑪！ Almost yellow.” But she asked again，“What did your mother and father tell you about your uncle？” Mary just stared⑫ out of the window and frowned. The truth was, Mary's mother and father had never said much to her about anything. Her father was always at work, and her mother was always at some party. “Well, I'll tell you anyway，” Mrs. Medlock sniffed⑬. “First of all, don't go expecting a big welcome when you get to Misselthwaite Manor (庄园).” “I shan't！” Mary said, stung⑭ as if she had been accused of⑮ something. Mrs. Medlock raised an eyebrow⑯. “Oh! You shan't, shall you? He was born with a crooked back, which gave him a bad start in life. Mr. Craven's always sour⑰ until he was married. She was a sweet and pretty thing. But she died, leaving him stranger than ever. He cares about nobody. He won't see people.” Mary felt her spirits⑱ sink⑲ even lower.⑳ So Yorkshire was going to be just like India, then. There no one wanted her. As if to prove it, when they finally arrived at Misselthwaite Manor, Mrs. Medlock took her straight upstairs. “Master (主人) doesn't want to see you，” she said. “He's going to London in the morning.” “Fine! I don't want to see him either！” Mary thought.㉑ Holding her head high, she followed Mrs. Medlock up a broad㉒ staircase and along corridor (走廊) after corridor. At last Mary was shown into a room, which had a fire in it and a supper set out. “Well, here you are. This room and the next is where you'll stay. And I mean stay! No wandering㉓ about! Mr. Craven won't have㉔ it and nor will I㉕！” Mrs. Medlock told her. With that warm welcome㉖， Mary Lennox was left alone㉗. Mary awoke㉘ the next morning to the loud sound. She sat up in her bed and looked around. A girl was making a fire in the fireplace. “Who are you？” Mary asked. The girl turned. “Oh! You're up! Morning, Miss! I'm Martha，” she said with a smile. 　　Mary climbed out of bed and held her arms in the air. “I suppose you'd better dress me then，” she told Martha. Martha blinked㉙.“You what？” “You are my servant, aren't you？” she asked.“Dress me！” “Well, I have been told to come and help you，” Martha said, “but I didn't think you'd need dressing. Our Susan Ann dresses herself and she's only four！” Mary felt her cheeks flush㉚. “Of course I could dress myself, if I wanted to！” she declared㉛. To prove it, Mary struggled㉜ into her new clothes. In truth, she had never dressed herself in her life. She found it hard㉝， especially buttoning up her boots. Finally, with a proud㉞ look on her face㉟， she said, “I've done it！” “Well done, Miss！” Martha nodded㊱. “Excepting for㊲ your boots being on the wrong feet, you've done a grand㊳ job！” As Martha helped Mary with her buttons, she began to chat. “I hope you like it here, Miss. There's not much inside but outside—well—there's a whole world waiting for you.” “I've never played outside，” Mary told her. “Never played outside? No wonder㊴ you're so pale! My mother's had twelve children and every one of us has played outside all our lives, especially our Dickon.” “Dickon？” “Aye(＝yes，是的), Dickon, my brother. He's out on the moors (荒野) come rain or shine㊵. And talk about animal mad. You never know what he'll bring home next.” “I don't like the moors，” Mary said. “Well, there're gardens at Misselthwaite. But there's one garden you can't go in.” “Why not？” The maid hesitated㊶ and then lowered her voice. “It's been locked up for ten years. Mr. Craven locked it after his wife died.” “Why？” said Mary. “Did she die in the garden？” “Sort of. She fell off a swing㊷ and never opened her eyes again. Poor Mr. Craven was heartbroken. He buried㊸ the key, so nobody could find the garden ever again.” Martha chewed her lip㊹. “Don't tell nobody I told you that, will you? I'll be in such trouble if you do.” “I won't tell，” Mary promised. ①sweep through迅速传播；席卷 ②orphan n．孤儿 ③sigh v．叹息 ④此处为as引导时间状语从句。 ⑤pull out驶出 ⑥stiff adj.硬的；不易弯曲的 ⑦itchy adj.发痒的 ⑧housekeeper n．管家 ⑨rude adj.无礼的 ⑩plain [熟词生义] adj.相貌平平的 ⑪pale adj.苍白的 ⑫stare v．凝视 ⑬sniff [熟词生义] v．不以为然地说 ⑭sting (stung, stung) v．激怒；使不安 ⑮be accused of控告；控诉 ⑯raise an eyebrow挑起眉毛 ⑰sour adj.阴郁的；闷闷不乐的 ⑱spirit n．精神 ⑲sink v．逐渐陷入(不快) ⑳此处为心理描写。 ㉑此处为心理描写。 ㉒broad adj.宽阔的 ㉓wander v．闲逛 ㉔此处表示允许。 ㉕此处使用部分倒装，加强了语气。 ㉖此处为反语。 ㉗leave alone留下……一个人 ㉘awake (awoke, awoken) v．醒来 ㉙blink v．眨眼 ㉚flush v．脸红 ㉛declare v．宣称；表明 ㉜struggle v．奋力；努力 ㉝此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。　 ㉞proud adj.骄傲的 ㉟此处为with复合结构。 ㊱nod v．点头 ㊲except for...除……以外 ㊳grand adj.极好的 ㊴no wonder难怪 ㊵come rain or shine风雨无阻 ㊶hesitate v．犹豫 ㊷swing n．秋千 ㊸bury v．埋藏；(以土、石、树叶等)覆盖 ㊹chew one's lip咬嘴唇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $