UNIT 3 CONSERVATION 突破疑难（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

该高中英语单元复习课件系统梳理了高频词汇（如destroy、switch、hunt等）及核心语法（如It is...句型、定语从句等），通过词义辨析、用法归纳、真题例句串联知识点，构建“词汇-语法-语境”一体化知识网络，体现语言要素间的内在逻辑。 其亮点在于采用“基础巩固-真题应用-思维拓展”分层复习策略，如通过destroy/damage/ruin的语义对比培养语言能力，结合2023全国甲卷真题设计语境化练习提升思维品质，满足不同学生需求。这种设计既帮助学生夯实基础，也为教师提供精准复习路径，提高教学效率。

1 　destroy vt.破坏;毁掉 Ways We Destroy Nature我们破坏大自然的方式   ①destruction n.破坏,毁灭 cause/bring destruction to...对……造成毁灭;给……带来破坏 ②destroyer n.破坏者   高频词汇精讲 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 damage 多指造成轻度损坏,所造成的损坏一般是可修复的 ruin 多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等造成严重破坏,破坏的后果往往是事物丧失价值;也可用于指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等 destroy 指彻底毁坏以致不能修复或不复存在,毁坏的后果往往是事物丧失功能,也可指使希望、计划等落空 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 The rainstorm has damaged many houses.暴风雨毁坏了许多房屋。 All the crops were ruined by the flood.所有的农作物都被洪水毁了。 The strikers destroyed all the machines, so the production had to be stopped.罢工者毁坏了所有 的机器,因此生产不得不停止。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(2023全国甲)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty warning about environmental 　     　　    (destroy). ②(2023浙江1月)The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as 　　　　    (destroy) of the soil. 答案 即时巩固:①destruction　②destroyers 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2 　switch vi.& vt.转换;改变 n.开关;转变 We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.我们肯定需要尽快 转用不同形式的能。   At this point, we concluded that the person must have switched off my device.此时,我们得 出结论,那个人一定是关掉了我的设备。 With the detox now finished, they've switched on their devices and they're back online.现在 排毒结束后,他们打开了设备,就重新上线了。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.工程师们还在努力开发一种“开关”,当暴露在日光下时,光就会逐 渐消失。 (2020全国Ⅰ)  ①switch 　　　　    /on关上/打开(电器) ②switch over换频道;转变 ③switch...(from...) to...使……(从……)转变到……  ④make a switch进行改变 ⑤on and off switch 　　　　     用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2023浙江1月)I experienced this when I started switching 　　　　    a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents. ②中央供暖系统被关掉了,房间冷得像冰窖一样。 The central heating had been 　　　     　　　　   and the room was as cold as an icehouse.    ③就是在那时,我意识到我该做出改变了,不能再沉迷于社交媒体了。 It was then that I realized that I should 　　　 　 　　 　　    from social media addiction. 答案 用法归纳:①off　⑤开关 即时巩固:①to　②switched off　③make a switch 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3 　hunt vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀;打猎 vi.搜寻 n.狩猎;搜寻 Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have.是的,许多动物因它们拥有的某 些东西而被非法猎杀。   My cousin and I would drive to a national forest to hunt for whitetail deer.我和表弟老是开 车去国家森林搜寻白尾鹿。 The police are on the hunt for further clues.警方正在寻找更多的线索。  ①hunt 　　　　    sth.搜寻/搜索某物 ②hunt for sb.=hunt down sb.追踪/追捕某人  ③a/the hunt 　　　　    寻找…… 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①hunting n.狩猎运动;打猎 go hunting去打猎 ②hunter n.猎人   (2024全国甲)These adorable(可爱的) little 　　　　    (hunt) are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. 答案 用法归纳:①for　③for 即时巩固:hunters 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4 　die out消失;绝迹,灭绝 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。   To our sadness, many old customs are gradually dying out.让我们伤心的是,许多旧习俗在 渐渐消失。   ①die v.死亡;消亡,灭亡 die from/of 死于…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 die away逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失 be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事 die off相继死去,先后死去 die down逐渐变弱;逐渐平息;逐渐暗淡 ②death n.死;死亡;生命的终止;毁灭 frighten sb. to death把某人吓得要死 ③dying adj.临终的;临死的;垂死的   ①Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera(霍乱) and many die 　　　　    it. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2021天津)对许多人来说,创造的最初紧迫感很容易消失,因为它需要做出艰难的决定。 For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily 　　　     　　　　   because it requires making the tough decision. ③除非采取更强有力的方法,否则冰川消融最终将导致北极熊在野外灭绝。 Ice loss will eventually cause polar bears to 　　　     　　　　   in the wild unless stronger methods are taken. 即时巩固:①from/of　②dies away　③die out 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5 　wipe vt.擦;拭;擦干净;消除 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.物种灭绝, 即整个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。  She wiped the sweat from her face with a tissue.她用一张面巾纸擦掉脸上的汗水。读后 续写　动作描写 The whole village was wiped out during the earthquake.在地震中,整个村子都被毁掉了。 She took a cloth and wiped down the windows.她拿了一块抹布把窗户擦得干干净净。 ①wipe 　　　　    全部摧毁;彻底消灭 ②wipe 　　　　    (用湿布)彻底揩擦干净 ③wipe...　　　　    /off... 从……擦去…… ④wipe away消除;抹去 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①敌人胆敢来犯,我们就把它消灭。 We'll 　　　     　　　　   any enemy that dares to invade our territory. ②饭后女孩子们轮流擦桌子。 The girls took it in turns to 　　　     　　　　   the tables after meals. 用法归纳:①out　②down　③from 即时巩固:①wipe out　②wipe down 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6 　unusual adj.异常的;不平常的 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.物种灭绝, 即整个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。 It is not unusual to see wild animals walking the streets.看到野生动物在大街上游荡并不稀奇。 It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel affordable.这可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期,但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的 方式来让他们的旅行负担得起。  (2022新高考Ⅱ) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①It is unusual (for sb.) 　　　　    sth.(对某人来说)做某事是不寻常的。 ②It is unusual that...……是不寻常的。 ③unusual circumstances特殊情况 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   un-是常见的否定前缀,其后常跟形容词表示与该形容词相反的状态。常见的词有unknown (未知的)、unsafe(不安全的)、unpleasant(使人不愉快的)、unhappy(不高兴的)等。   ①unusually adv.非常;不寻常地 ②usual adj.通常的;寻常的;惯常的 as usual照例;照旧;像往常一样 ③usually adv.通常地   ①(2024新课标Ⅰ改编)A dictionary will also 　　　　    (usual) show how the word is pronounced. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his 　　　　    (usual) methods. ③(2023新课标Ⅱ)If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual 　　　　    (find) places in a city that are relatively wild. ④像往常一样,我帮他把包拿到他的书房。 　　　　     　　　　    , I helped him carry his bags into his study.   答案 用法归纳:①to do 即时巩固:①usually　②unusual　③to find     ④As usual 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7 　mass adj.大量的;大批的;广泛的 These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”...这些包括被称为“大 灭绝”的第三次物种大灭绝……  　　 There is a mass of snow in front of the house.在房子前面有一堆雪。 With masses of homework to do every day, it's hard to do sports outside, so I turn to you for help.每天都有大量的家庭作业要做,很难进行户外运动,于是我向你求助。 写作　求助信  ①mass还可用作名词,表示“大量,许多;团,块,堆;一群”。 ②　　　　     mass of大量;许多;一堆 ③　　　　     of 大量;许多 ④the mass of大多数;多数 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑤the masses群众,平民百姓  ⑥mass production批量生产 ⑦mass market大众市场 ⑧the mass media大众传媒 　　a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数,也可跟不可数名词。“a mass of/masses of +n.”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。   massive adj.大量的;巨大的;大而重的;结实的;非常严重的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①Suddenly, a low sound reached her ears and it seemed to come from a small mass 　　　　     bushes beside the path. ②(2021全国乙)He builds 　　　　    (mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. ③Masses of evidence 　　　　    (show) that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens 　　　　    (be) in favour of this idea. 答案 用法归纳:②a　③masses 即时巩固:①of　②massive　③shows;are 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8 　varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 The reasons for extinctions are varied.(物种)灭绝的原因多种多样。   ①vary vi.(根据情况)变化,改变;(大小、形状等)相异,不同 vary with...随……而变化 vary in...在……方面不同/有差异 vary from...to...从……到……不等/不同 ②variety n.不同种类 a variety of/varieties of各种各样的 •When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,天空和陆地上 满是种类多得惊人的野生动物。 (2021新高考Ⅰ) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③various adj.各种各样的 •It is clear that various ways to learn English beyond the classroom are available to students.很 明显,学生在课堂之外有各种各样学习英语的方法。写作　英语学习   ①(2024北京)The relative ranking of the virtues may vary 　　　    a social group's history and environment. ②(2026陕西汉中月考)This year, instead of cooking at home, she celebrated Chinese New Year with 　　　    (variety) of dishes from local Chinatown restaurants. ③(2025北京)Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in 　　    (vary) activities and connecting with others. ④我们表达感谢的方式因文化不同而不同。 The way we express our gratitude 　　　     　　　　   　　　     　　　　  　　　     . 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 即时巩固:①with　②varieties　③various ④varies from culture to culture 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 9 　decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi.& vt.减少 According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions...the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.根据科学家的说法,它们包括火山喷发……海洋含氧量减少和全 球变暖。   What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?是什么导致了澳大 利亚儿童体育活动的减少? (2021浙江1月) The demand for corn is on the decrease each year in this country.这个国家对玉米的需求量在逐 年减少。 The number of the students in our school has decreased to 1,200.我们学校的学生数量已减少到 了1,200人。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Compared with last year, the price of wheat has decreased by 15% this year.和去年相比,今年小 麦的价格已降低了15%。  ①a/the decrease 　　　　    ...在……方面减少 ②　　　　     the decrease在减少  ③decrease 　　　　    ...减少了……(表示减少的量) ④decrease 　　　　    ...减少到……(表示减少后的量)   increase v.& n.增长,增多,增加 increase to...增加到……(表示增加后的量) increase by...增加了……(表示增加的量) on the increase在增加 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2021 北京)Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease 　　　　    positive emotions. ②(2022北京)从2019年开始,那些塑料的使用增加了300%。 The use of those plastics 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 300% since 2019. ③据报道,由于智能手机的问世,看杂志的人数在减少。(一句多译) →It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones, the number of people who read magazines is 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 . (decrease n.) →It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones, the number of people who read magazines 　　　     　　　　    . (decrease v.) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   答案 用法归纳:①in　②on　③by　④to 即时巩固:①in　②has increased by ③on the decrease;is decreasing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 10 　blame vt.责怪,指责;把……归咎于 n.责任;责备 This time, human activity will be to blame.这次,人类活动将受到指责。   The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.炎热的天气是缺水的部分原因。 They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.他们把生意的失败归咎于经 济衰退。 All that evening she was upset and blamed her biology teacher for her problem.整个晚上,她都很 沮丧,把她的问题归咎于她的生物老师。 读后续写　心理描写 We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备好了对所发生的事承担责任。 Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ①blame sb. 　　　　    (doing) sth.因(做)某事责备某人 ②blame sth. 　　　　    sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 ③　　　　     blame for (doing) sth.因(做)某事应受责备;对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动 形式表示被动意义)  ④　　　　    /bear the blame for sth.对某事承担责任 ⑤lay/　　　　     the blame for sth. on...把某事归咎于……   ①It's not unusual for the parents to put the blame 　　　　    their children's poor grades 　    　　    the teacher. 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2023北京)These biased(有偏见的) perspectives cannot be blamed 　　　　    one single cause. ③(2026广东石门中学期中)调查证明,司机应当对这次事故负责。 The investigation proved that the driver t 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　   the accident. 用法归纳:①for　②on　③be to　④take　⑤put 即时巩固:①for;on　②on　③was to blame for 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 11 　be at risk处境危险,受到威胁 Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.当然,由于我们人类的生存依赖如此多的物种,我们也会面临灭绝的危险。     ①risk n.危险;风险 v.使……冒风险(或面临危险);冒险做;(明知结果而)大胆做 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险 run a/the risk (of sth./of doing sth.)冒着(做某事的)风险 take a risk/risks to do sth.冒险做某事 reduce/cut/lower the risk of (doing) sth.减少(做)某事的危险 at risk to oneself/sb./sth.冒伤及……的危险 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 do sth. at your own risk(常见于告示)自担风险;责任自负 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth.某人冒生命危险去做某事 •At the risk of being punished, these men dug holes at night in the fields.冒着被惩罚的风险,这 些人晚上在地里挖洞。 •As we all know, it can reduce the risk of contracting the virus.众所周知,它可以降低感染病毒 的风险。 •I realised I couldn't leave to get help, or risk sending anyone else.我意识到我不能离开去寻 求帮助,也不能冒险派其他任何人去。 读后续写　心理描写 ②risky adj.冒险的,有危险的   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2024北京)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take      　　　    (risk) and make experiments. ②(2024新课标Ⅱ)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk      　　　    (sideline) and perhaps even worse. ③爬高山时不必冒着使自己受伤的风险。(run) It's not necessary 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    　　　　 　　　    yourself while climbing the high mountain. 答案 即时巩固:①risks　②being sidelined　③to run a/the risk of hurting 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 12 　 set out开始做某事,着手进行;出发 In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste.当政府在这周开展它的新的环境 方案时,凯文·麦克堪比和艾丽西亚·斯图尔特考虑到食品外包装废物的问题。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.第二天早上,他租了 一条船,出发去找那位著名的画家。 When setting out on a long walk, we always wear suitable shoes.当出发远行时,我们总是穿合适 的鞋子。 I haven't seen you set out for school with a smile.我没有看到过你面带微笑去学校。 ①set out 　　　　    ...动身前往…… ②set out 　　　　    sth.开始做某事 ③set out on...出发去做…… 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 set off动身,出发;引发;使爆炸 set aside把……放到一旁;留出(钱或时间) set about开始做,着手做 set up建立;设立;设置;安装好;安排 set down写下;记下;登记 set back耽误,使延误 set a good example for/to sb.为某人树立一个好榜样 •We set off in the early morning by bus and arrived at the destination at 8 o'clock.我们一大早 就乘公共汽车出发,在八点钟到达目的地。 写作　旅行 •My classmate Andy is an admirable figure who can set a good example for us in many aspects. 我的同班同学安迪是一个令人钦佩的人物,他在很多方面都可以为我们树立一个好榜样。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   选词填空 set up, set off, set aside, set good examples, set down ①He 　　　　　　　    his phone number and gave it to me. ②(2024新课标Ⅱ)BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be 　　　　　　　    for a family. ③(2023浙江1月)Ancient philosophers 　　　　　　　    for debaters. ④(2023浙江1月)The sun was beginning to sink as I 　　　　　　　    into the Harenna Forest. ⑤(2022天津)Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to 　　　　　　　    every month to cover those costs. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①for　②to do 即时巩固:①set down　②set up　③set good examples　④set off　⑤set aside 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 13 　anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的 I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment.当想到我们对环境的 影响时,我就感到焦虑。 The boy was anxious for a personal computer.那个男孩渴望得到一台个人电脑。 You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for you.你一定 对等待着你的新体验感到兴奋和焦虑。 I was anxious to know how he had got on in New York.我渴望知道他在纽约过得怎么样。  读后续写　心理描写 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①be anxious 　　　　    sth.担心某事或某物 ②be anxious for sb.为某人担心 ③be anxious 　　　　    sth.渴望得到某物 ④be anxious (for sb.) 　　　　    sth.渴望(某人)做某事 ⑤be anxious that...渴望/非常希望……(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其 中should可以省略) 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①anxiety n.忧虑;焦虑;渴望 with anxiety焦急地 without anxiety无忧无虑 ②anxiously adv.忧虑地;不安地   ①(2022全国甲)When I was 14, I was so anxious 　　　　    (see) more art that a friend of mine and I bicycled across the Alps to see Venice. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②(2022北京)Early last year, I was troubled by an 　　　　    (anxious) that crippled(削弱) my ability to do anything. ③Perhaps there were his parents waiting for him 　　　　    (anxious). ④(2026河南南阳六校联考)Or perhaps people who think old age begins at the age of 60 or less feel more stressed and anxious 　　    old age and this has an impact on their health. 答案 用法归纳:①about　③for　④to do 即时巩固:①to see　②anxiety　③anxiously ④about 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 14 annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的(表示人自身的感受) to feel annoyed 感到生气   I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.他来得晚了,我很生气。 He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.她试图操控整个会议的方 式使他很恼火。 The teacher was annoyed that his students did not study hard.老师因学生不努力学习而生气。 She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken her car key.她丈夫拿走了她的汽车钥 匙,她知道后很生气。 读后续写　心理描写 用法归纳 ①be annoyed 　　　　    sb.生某人的气 ②be annoyed 　　　　    /about sth.因某事生气 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③be annoyed 　　　　    sth.因做某事而恼火 ④be annoyed that...恼怒的是……   ①annoy vt.使生气,使恼怒;打扰 ②annoying adj.使生气的;令人讨厌的(修饰事物) ③annoyance n.[U]恼怒,烦恼;[C]使人烦恼的事 to sb.'s annoyance让某人生气的是   ①She was annoyed 　　　　    herself for forgetting to buy eggs for the breakfast. ②She was annoyed 　　　　    the noise coming from the construction site. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③(2023全国甲)You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more 　　    (annoy) situations. ④(2021天津)那段时间我很恼火,停止了练习。 I 　　　　   　　　　 in that period and stopped practising.   答案 用法归纳:①with　②at　③to do 即时巩固:①with　②at/about　③annoying ④was/felt annoyed 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 15 　relate v.相联系,有关联;使有联系;讲述 Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.有些类型的癌症与交通污染有关。     When he was at our home, Denny's kindness and ability to relate to our kids were evident. 当他在我们家的时候,丹尼的善良和了解我们孩子的想法的能力是显而易见的。 写作　人 际交往 Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating.现在,大多数人都把这句谚语与有益健康 的饮食联系起来。 He later related the story of the thing to me.他后来给我讲了这件事的来龙去脉。 These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.这些绘画作品可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的时刻。  (2023新课标Ⅱ) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①relate 　　　　    涉及,与……相关,谈到;能够理解并同情;了解;体恤 ②relate...to...　　　　　　　　　　　　　     ③relate sth. (　　　　     sb.)(向某人)讲述某事   ①related adj.相关的,有联系的 be related to与……有关 a related issue/question相关的议题/问题 ②relation n.[pl.](人、团体、国家之间的)关系,联系,交往;[U,C](事物之间的)关系,关联,联系 in relation to关于;与……相比 relations with...和……的关系 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 relations/the relation between A and B A和B之间的关系 ③relative adj.相比较而言的;相对的 ④relatively adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地   ①(2024新课标Ⅱ)You can still find 　　　　    (relative) undiscovered places. ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly 　　    (re- late) to paper's physical properties(性质). ③(2023浙江1月)Over 28 states have passed laws related 　　　　    pollinator(传粉昆虫)habi- tat protection and pesticide(杀虫剂) use. ④(2021北京)Anyone who considers river time 　　　　    relation to atomic time will en- counter a major imbalance. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳:①to　②把……和……联系起来　③to 即时巩固:①relatively　②related　③to　④in 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 16 　　 The software can be adapted to suit the particular needs of the end user.该软件可修改以满 足最终用户的特定需求。 A good speaker is always trying to suit his speech to his audience.一个好的演讲者总是试图让 自己的演说适合听众的口味。 If not, let me know what time suits you best.如果没有,让我知道对你来说什么时候最合适。  写作　邀请信 After a few moments, a tall man in a nice suit told me to join him.过了一会儿,一个穿着漂亮西 装的高个子男人叫我加入他。 读后续写　外貌描写 　suit v.适合;满足……需要;对……方便;合……心意;适宜 n.套装;西服 Do whichever of these things that suit you.做这些适合你的事中的任何一件事。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①suit sb.'s 　　　　    /taste=suit the 　　　　    /taste of sb.满足某人的需要/适合某人的口 味 ②suit sth. 　　　　    sth./sb.使某物适合(或适应)某物/某人 ③suit sb. (well/fine)(很)合某人的意;对某人来说(很)合适   ①suitable adj.合适的,适宜的 be suitable for...适合…… be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 ②suited adj.合适,适宜,适当 be suited for/to...适合…… ③unsuitable adj.不合适的 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 suit 多指衣服的颜色、款式等适合;还可指事物 合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等 fit 多指衣服、鞋子等在尺寸、形状等方面的 合适,通常意为“合身,适合” match 多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质 等方面很搭配,显得很协调 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①This dress is not 　　　　    (suit)for the formal occasion. You'd better change it. ②(2023全国乙)这些物种中的许多并不太适合在英国户外生长,尤其是在冬天。(ideally) Many of these species　　　　     　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 选词填空 fit,match,suit ③This style of dress 　　　　    you well. ④It is important that children's shoes 　　　　    correctly. ⑤The colour of the shirt does not 　　　　    that of the tie. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳:①needs;needs　②to 即时巩固:①suitable/suited　②are not ideally suited to/for growing/are not ideally suitable for growing/are not ideally suitable to grow ③suits　④fit　⑤match 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 17 　involve vt.包含,需要;涉及;使参与 Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs.工厂化养殖业包括将农场动物饲养在建筑物内以增加肉或蛋的产量。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   In short, I hope more schools will join in and create an innovative way to involve students in daily exercise.简而言之,我希望更多的学校能加入进来,创造一种创新的方式,让学生参与日 常锻炼。 写作　建议信 This could involve saving for university, but it could also mean saving for something special.这 可能包括为大学存钱,但它也可能意味着为特殊的东西存钱。 用法归纳 ①involve sb. 　　　　    ...使某人参与到……中;把某人牵涉(或牵扯)到……中 ②involve (sb.) 　　　　    sth.包含/需要(某人)做某事 ③involve sb. in (doing) sth.使某人加入(做)某事   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①involved adj.参与;有关联;关注;关系密切;复杂难解的 be/get/become involved in...参与……;卷入……;与……有关 be involved in/with...关注…… be involved with...与……关系密切 ②involvement n.参与;加入;插手;投入   ①(2024北京)Since there are many factors involved 　　　　    the pairing process, not all stu- dents who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. ②(2024北京)Creative activities involve 　　　　    (be) confident. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③(2021天津3月)我们都需要参与节约能源,无论是在工作中、在家里还是在学校。 We all need to 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    whether it's at work, at home, or at school. 用法归纳:①in　②doing 即时巩固:①in　②being　③be/get/become involved in saving energy 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 18 　claim vt.声称;断言;主张;认领 n.声称;(根据权利而提出的)要求 People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.为动物权利而战 的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。 While some people claim that they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.虽然一些人声称他们能预测未来,但这背后没有科学依据。 A great number of graduates claimed to have more job interviews before graduation.许多毕业生 主张毕业前有更多的求职面试。 All the residents there made a claim for the opening of the market as soon as possible.那里所有 的居民要求市场尽快开门。 There are a handful of Madrid players with a claim to have been the team's best player this sea- son.有少数马德里球员声称自己是本赛季球队中最好的球员。(China Daily)= 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ①claim 　　　　    sth.声称/主张做某事 ②claim that...声称……  ③make a claim 　　　　    要求…… ④　　　　     a claim声称 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①He claims 　　　　    (be) an expert in artificial intelligence, but I'm not so sure about that. ②The company issued a press release 　　　　    a claim that its new product would revolution- ize the industry. ③The company is making a claim 　　　　    damages against the other party for a breach(违 犯) of contract. 用法归纳:①to do　③for　④with 即时巩固:①to be　②with　③for 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 informative adj.有教育意义的;知识性强的 inform vt.通知;告知 inform sb. of/about sth.通知/告知某人某事 informed adj.了解情况的,见多识广的 information n.消息 threat n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事物的威胁 threaten vt.威胁,恐吓 高频词汇累积 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的 urge v.力劝,竭力主张 n.强烈的欲望;冲动 urge sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事 urge sth. on/upon sb.强烈要求某人做某事 urgently adv.紧急地,急迫地 urgency n.紧急,紧急的事 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 affect vt.影响;侵袭;使感染;(感情上)深深打动;使悲伤(或怜悯等) affection n.喜爱,钟爱 have/show affection for sb./sth.钟爱某人或某物 effect n.效应;影响;结果 the greenhouse effect温室效应 wasteful adj.浪费的;挥霍的 waste n.& v.浪费adj.废弃的,无用的 a waste of money/time浪费金钱/时间 It's a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 aware adj.意识到的,明白的 be aware of sth./that...知道;意识到;明白 as far as I'm aware 据我所知 awareness n.意识;认识;知道;兴趣 stuck adj.卡住的,无法移动的 be/get stuck in 被困在…… be stuck with 被……缠住,无法摆脱 stick v.将……刺入(或插入); 粘贴;(尤指迅速或随手)放置;卡住 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 stressed out 焦虑的 I'm under a lot of pressure lately. I'm almost stressed out. 近来我的压力很大,我很焦虑。 regular adj.定期的,有规律的 take regular exercise定期锻炼 on a regular basis定期地 regularly adv.定期地;经常 irregular adj.无规律的 irregularly adv.无规律地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1 It is+形容词(表语)+that从句(真正的主语) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.很明显,人类活动对地球上所有其他物种,包括动物和植物,都产生了负面影响。   It is necessary that you should behave well at school.在学校你有必要好好表现。 It is important that we should learn English well.我们学好英语是很重要的。 　　此句型中,It是　　　　　　　    ,后面的that从句在句中作　　　　　　　    。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 常用于此句型的形容词有important、necessary、wrong、possible、impossible、basic、diffi- cult、easy、vital、natural、common、strange、normal等。 •It is impossible for them to have finished so much work in such a short time.= It is impossible that they have finished so much work in such a short time.他们在这么短的时间内完成这么多 的工作是不可能的。 ②It is+n.+that从句 •It is a fact that every language changes.每种语言都在变,这是事实。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①(2024新课标Ⅰ)随着技术的兴起,人们很容易在移动应用程序的帮助下观察不同的物种。 With the rise of technology　　　     　　　　   　　　　  　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application. ②很遗憾你不能和我们一起去。 　　　　  　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    you can't go with us. ③中国武术模仿动物的做法由来已久。因此,一些太极动作以动物命名也就不足为奇了。 Chinese martial arts have a long-standing practice of imitating animals. Therefore 　　　　  　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　   some tai chi moves are named after animals.   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳: 形式主语;真正的主语 即时巩固:①it is easy for people to make ②It is a pity that ③it is not surprising that/it is no wonder that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2 　without用于含蓄虚拟语气 Without forests, we would have no air to breathe...没有森林,我们就没有呼吸的空气……    Without air, man couldn't exist on the earth.没有空气的话,人类就不能在地球上生存。 Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.没有你的帮助的话,我上周考试就不 及格了。 Without his aid, my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved.如果没有他的帮助, 我的英语技能就不会有很大的提高了。 写作　感谢信 (1)有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件从句来表示,而是用一些词、短语或通过上下文暗 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 示来说明,这种句子使用的便是含蓄虚拟语气。 (2)当句子用介词without引出一个假设的条件时,句子的谓语动词就要用虚拟语气。 (3)without用于表示虚拟条件时,谓语动词有如下三种形式: ①与现在事实相反,谓语动词用“　　　　　　　　    ”形式; ②与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“　　　　　　　　    ”形式; ③与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might do”形式。   　　并不是without所在的句子谓语动词一定要用虚拟语气。如果它表示一种真实的情况, 就不能用虚拟语气。 How did you finish your work so fast without any help?没有任何协助,你是如何这么快完成工 作的? 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　用于含蓄虚拟语气的词或短语还有otherwise、but for等。 •But for the quick action, it would have hurt them.如果不是行动迅速,它就伤到他们了。   ①(2023新课标Ⅰ)如果没有贝利的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查 站。(struggle) She 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. ②如果没有你的支持,我就无法实现我的目标。 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 , I couldn't have achieved my goals. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③要不是因为下大雨,我们就去野餐了。 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     　　　　  , we would have gone for a picnic. ④我父母给了我钱。否则,我可付不起这次旅费。 My parents gave me the money. 　　　　    ,　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     the trip.   答案 用法归纳:①would/could/might do ②would/could/might have done 即时巩固:①would/could/might have struggled　 ②Without your support　③But for the heavy/ hard rain　④Otherwise;I wouldn't/couldn't/mightn't have afforded 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3 　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事 This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.今天早上,我去市中心花了四十分钟。     It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall.我们花了大约三个小时才一路绕过西安城墙。(2021全国甲) It took a long time for her to change her attitude.她用了很长时间才改变了态度。 　　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”。其中It为　     　　　　    ,后面的不定式短语为　　　　　　　    。此句型可与It takes/took some time for sb. to do sth.互换。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 cost 主语通常是物,常见用法: sth. cost(s)(sb.)+金钱“某物花了(某人)多少钱”;It costs (sb.)+金钱+to buy sth.“买某物花了(某人)多少钱”。注意:cost的过去式和过去分词都是cost,一般不能用于被动语态 spend 主语通常是人,常见用法:spend money on (doing)...“在(做)……上花费金钱”;spend time on sth./(in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事” 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 take take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法:It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.“做某事花了某人多长时间”;sth. take(s) sb.+一段时间“某事花了某人多长时间” pay 基本用法:pay sb. (for sth.)(为某物)付钱给某人ay for sth.付某物的钱ay sb. some money付多少钱给某人ay a/the price for为……付出代价 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①买这双鞋花了我一百元。 It 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 to buy the shoes. ②我在这些鞋上花了四十美元。 I 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 these shoes. ③他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。 It　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　   　　　　 the difficult maths problem. ④我们的军队夺回了这座城市,但他们为此付出了沉重的代价。 Our troops recaptured the city, but they 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　　 it. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 答案 用法归纳: 形式主语;真正的主语 即时巩固:①cost me 100 yuan ②spent 40 dollars on ③took them about half an hour to work out　 ④paid a heavy price for 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4 　形容词(短语)作状语 How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry?有多少次我们抵达工作 地点或学校时感到焦虑、疲惫和愤怒呢? He returned home, safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。(表结果) The survivors lay on the beach, frightened and exhausted.幸存者躺在海滩上,心有余悸,疲惫不 堪。(表伴随) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Hungry(=Because he was hungry), he hurried to the kitchen.因为太饿了,所以他匆忙跑到厨 房。(表原因) Ripe(=When/If they are ripe), these apples are sweet.熟了的时候这些苹果很甜。(表条件) Wet or fine(=Whether it was wet or fine), he got up at six and took a walk in the park.不管是下 雨天还是晴天,他都在六点钟起床到公园里散步。(表让步) 　　在句子中,形容词(短语)可充当状语,主要说明主语的　　　　    、特点等。当形容词 (短语)作状语时,通常用逗号与句子主干分开,位置可在句首、句中或句末。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   (1)形容词(短语)作原因、条件、让步状语时,往往放在句首。 (2)形容词(短语)作伴随或结果状语时,通常放在句末。   　　副词作状语通常修饰动词、形容词或副词,有时修饰整个句子。 •After the long journey, they went back home slowly and tiredly.经过长途旅行后,他们慢慢 地、疲惫地回家了。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①因为对新技术很好奇,所以她在网上研究了几个小时。 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    , she spent hours researching it on-line. ②如果下雨,我们就待在家里看电影。 　　　　    , we'll stay at home and watch a movie. ③无论贫富,他总是善待每一个人。 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   , he always treats everyone with kindness. ④她上气不接下气地从后门冲进来。 She rushed in through the back door, 　　　　    . ⑤I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer. I do hope you can offer me the precious oppor- tunity.(用形容词短语作状语合并句子) → 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 , I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   用法归纳: 状态 即时巩固:①Curious about the new technology　 ②Rainy　③Rich or poor　④breathless ⑤Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ①让步状语从句　②定语从句　③条件状语从句　④定语从句　⑤宾语从句　⑥原因状语 从句　⑦定语从句 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一　作用不同   People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.经常进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。 His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在深圳,下星期就 要回家了。 This is the place where I worked last year.这是我去年工作的地方。 Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he would stay for two years.昨天吉米出发去加拿 大了,他将在那里待两年。 Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.刘老师要跟那些没 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 交作业的学生谈话。 Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重伤,他很 快被送往医院。 　　限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词,与先行词关系密切,使先行词的含义更具体、 更明确,若去掉,句子意义①　　　　    。非限制性定语从句是对先行词作附加或补充性的 说明,即使去掉,句子的意思仍然完整、清楚。 二　形式不同   　　The book that/which you borrowed last week is really moving.你上周借的那本书真令人感 动。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 This is an important present, which I received yesterday.这是一件重要的礼物,我是昨天收到它 的。 The person whom/who you are looking for is downstairs.你正在找的那个人就在楼下。 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是汤姆留下的,刚才他还在这 里。 　　限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开,常译成定语;非限制性定语从句与主句之间 用逗号隔开,常译成和主句并列的句子。 三　先行词不同   　　This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。 I can still remember the day when you were born.我仍然记得你出生的那天。 My favourite season is autumn, when we celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.我最喜欢的季节是 秋天,我们在那时候过中秋节。 限制性定语从句的先行词是②　　　　    或代词,表明所修饰的是哪个/些人或物。非限制 性定语从句的先行词既可为名词或代词,也可为整个主句或其中的一部分。 四　关系词的使用情况不同   He passed the exam, which made his teacher relieved.他通过了考试,这使他的老师感到欣慰。 用法归纳 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 She has a small office which/that is used for a meeting.她有一个用来开会的小办公室。 This is the reason why she refused your invitation.这就是她拒绝你的邀请的原因。 I have told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party.我已经告诉他们我没参加聚会 的原因了。 This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。 The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.那个年轻人新交了一个女朋 友,他想给她留下深刻的好印象。 (1)在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词可用③　　　　　　    ,先行词指物时,关系 代词可用④　　　　　　    ;但在非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who/ whom,先行词指物时,关系代词只能用which,即that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 用法归纳1 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (2)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用⑤　　　　　　    代替,但在非限制性 定语从句中作宾语时不可用⑥　　　　　　    代替。 (3)why不能引导非限制性定语从句,需用for which代替。   This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好电影。 The summer holidays, which we have been looking forward to, are drawing near.我们一直盼望 着的暑假就要来了。 　　关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时⑦　　　　    省略,而非限制性定语从句中的关 系代词均⑧　　　　    省略。 用法归纳2 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 五　使用非限制性定语从句的情况 Mr Smith, who was my English teacher, retired last year.史密斯先生去年退休了,他是我的英语 老师。 Hangzhou, which is a beautiful city, attracts many visitors during summer.杭州是一个美丽的城 市,夏季会吸引很多游客。 　　当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时,用非限制性定语从句。   My father, who is an architect, is very good at painting.我父亲是一名建筑师,他十分擅长绘 画。 用法归纳1 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 She has a younger brother, who is a doctor.她有一个弟弟,他是一名医生。(只有一个弟弟) She has a younger brother who/that is a doctor.她有一个当医生的弟弟。(可能有几个弟弟,其 中一个是医生) 　　当先行词指某人仅有的一个亲属时,用非限制性定语从句。   ①I didn't believe the reason 　　　　　　    he referred to the other day at the press confer- ence. ②It's our honor to meet the chairman on this occasion 　　　　　　    everybody is focusing on his talk. ③It is important to create an atmosphere 　　　 wild ideas are honored rather than dismissed. 用法归纳2 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ④I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way 　　　　　　    made me rethink the power of my words. ⑤Lisa is an outstanding graduate 　　　　　　    life story has greatly inspired her fellow schoolmates. ⑥We employed a foreigner as our coach, for 　　　　　　    life here in China was totally dif- ferent. ⑦The famous scientist made another wonderful discovery, 　　　　　　    is of great impor- tance to science. ⑧(2025浙江1月)“I think it's an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, 　　　　    owns a cloth- ing rental shop. ⑨(2024全国甲)Like in typical families, 　　　　    boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑩他有好几个表兄弟,最小的那个很聪明。 He has several cousins, 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    .  整个夏天,他都在需要他的地方做志愿者。 Throughout the summer, he worked as a volunteer in the place 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　    .  特别令人惊讶的是他的勤奋,这点给我们留下了深刻的印象。 Particularly surprising was his diligence, 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     　　　     　　　　   　　　　 .  明天我将去看望在旅游中给过我们很多帮助的那个人。 Tomorrow I'll go to see the man 　　　     　　　　   　　　　 　　　     　　　     　　　　   　　　　 during the trip. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳:①不完整　②名词　③that/who/whom　④that/which　⑤who/that　⑥who/that     ⑦可以　⑧不可以 即时巩固:①that/which　②when　③where　④that/which　⑤whose　⑥whom　⑦which     ⑧who ⑨where 　⑩the youngest of whom is very clever     where he was needed     which left a deep impression on us     who/that gave us a lot of help/support 答案 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $