Unit 5 Power of ldeas（复习课件）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语课件系统梳理了人教版九年级上册Unit 5 Power of Ideas的核心知识，通过知识图谱整合单词、句型及写作主题，考点串讲结合例句解析核心词汇用法，单元语法分模块讲解一般现在时（主动/被动）和一般过去时被动语态，构建“词汇-语法-语用”逻辑知识网络。 其亮点在于采用“分层训练+素养导向”复习策略，如主题写作要求运用被动语态和单元短语完成“My Favorite Invention”短文，培养语言表达能力，综合训练通过单项选择、单词拼写等分层题目提升思维品质，助力学生巩固知识，教师可精准把握学情，提高复习效率。

人教版·九年级上（新教材） Unit 5 Power of ldeas 单元复习 Unit 5 Power of ldeas 复习目标 知识图谱 考点串讲 单元语法 主题写作 综合训练 CONTNETS 1. 熟练掌握本单元思想人物相关名词（thinker/thought 等）、行为动词（create/等），并能自如运用词汇介绍思想家、讲述人物事迹与精神成就。（重点） 2. 掌握that/who引导的定语从句的关系代词选用与用法，完成句型改写、短文填空。3 3. 掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态（重点） 4. 梳理人物类记叙文逻辑，快速抓取主旨、人物贡献、思想主张等细节。 5. 口语交流中结合单元词汇与定语从句，分享伟人故事、评价人物思想与时代价值。 6. 读懂介绍思想家、伟大人物的短文，抓取人物生平、思想观点、历史影响三类核心信息。（重点） 7. 仿写人物介绍文段，条理叙述人物经历，抒发对思想力量的感悟。（难点） 8. 掌握词缀变形与短语搭配，熟练完成词形转换、选词填空、完形等词汇题。 复习目标 知识图谱 短语 动词 名词 形容词 invention, produce, suppose, afford, gain, shape 单词 句型 be supposed to do /be sth., later on, speed up, result in, lead to, 语法 一般过去时被动语态，一般现在时被动语态 写作 英语短文：An Important Invention / The Power of Invention reality, liquid, creation, birth, production responsible, rapid, ideal, suitable, expensive not only… but also… 不但…… 而且…… Power of ldeas It is /was + 名词 + to do sth. 4 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 考点串讲 人教版·九年级上册 考点串讲 核心词汇 发明 n. ____________ 发明；编造 v. ____________ 生产；繁育 v. ____________ 塑料 n./adj. ____________ 认为；推断 v. ____________ 它自己 pron. ____________ 经济的；经济学的 adj. ____________ 获得；取得 v. ____________ 现实；事实 n. ____________ 有责任的 adj. ____________ 迅速的；瞬间的 adj. ____________ 塑造；形状 v./n. ____________ 没有一个；毫无 pron. ____________ 理想的；理想 adj./n. ____________ 某些；确定 adj./pron. ____________ 合适的；适宜的 adj. ____________ 液体 n./adj. ____________ 创造；作品 n. ____________ 诞生；出现 n. ____________ 迅速地；快速地 adv. ____________ 买得起；能做 v. ____________ 公司；陪伴 n. ____________ 昂贵的 adj. ____________ 生产；制作 n. ____________ 逐渐地；逐步地 adv. ____________ 广泛地；普遍地 adv. ____________ invention invent produce plastic suppose itself economic gain reality responsible shape ideal rapid certain suitable liquid creation birth rapidly afford company expensive production gradually none widely 6 考点串讲 核心词汇 单项选择 1. The great ______ of the computer changes people’s life greatly. A. invention B. gain C. birth D. liquid 2. Do you know who ______ this kind of new machine many years ago? A. supposed B. invented C. afforded D. shaped 3. This factory ______ thousands of new toys every year for kids around the world. A. produces B. divides C. recalls D. reacts 4. We should stop using too much ______, for it is bad for our environment. bronze B. plastic C. fibre D. bark 5. I ______ that he will agree with our new plan about the project. A. suppose B. gain C. afford D. create 7 考点串讲 核心词汇 单项选择 6. The robot can repair ______ when something goes wrong with it. A. none B. itself C. ideal D. certain 7. More and more people care about the ______ development of our country. A. expensive B. gradual C. economic D. widely 8. You will ______ much useful experience if you take part in this activity. A. gain B. produce C. invent D. afford 9. In ______, we cannot finish so much work in such a short time. A. creation B. reality C. production D. tourism 10. Everyone should be ______ for what they have done in daily life. A. suitable B. rapid C. responsible D. ideal 8 考点串讲 核心词汇 单项选择 11. With the ______ development of high‑tech, our life becomes much easier. A. rapid B. liquid C. expensive D. gradual 12. Parents can ______ their children’s characters by daily communication. A. birth B. shape C. afford D. suppose 13. ______ of us knows how to solve this difficult problem, so we need help. A. None B. Certain C. Ideal D. Liquid 14. It is an ______ chance for us to visit the science museum. We shouldn’t miss it. A. expensive B. ideal C. plastic D. gradual 15. This kind of new technology is ______ used in many different fields now. A. rapidly B. gradually C. widely D. expensively 9 考点串讲 核心词汇 1. What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? 你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？(P44) 考点精讲:本句核心结构：疑问词 + do you think + 陈述语序。do you think 是插入语，不充当句子的主语、谓语，去掉之后句子依然完整：What is the most useful invention of all time? 位置：插入语do you think必须放在疑问词的后面，不能放在句首。 语序规则：插入语后面的部分一定要用陈述语序，不能使用疑问语序。 短语of all time意为 “有史以来，自古以来”，常和形容词最高级连用，是中考阅读、完形高频短语。 例句：Who do you think is the most famous scientist? 你认为谁是最著名的科学家？ 即时训练 ____ do you think ____ the most valuable invention in human history? Who; are B. What; is C. Which; do D. That; is 易混辨析 ①What do you think of + 名词 / 代词：你认为…… 怎么样？询问 评价，后接名词、代词 What do you think of the new invention? 你觉得这项新发明怎么样？ ② What do you think + 陈述语序：你认为…… 是什么？do you think 作插入语，后接完整主谓 What do you think is the most valuable invention? 你认为最有价值的发明是什么？ ①第一空：问句在问 “最有价值的发明是什么”，事物选用疑问词 What；who 针对人，that 不能引导特殊疑问句，排除 A、D。 ②第二空：主语the most valuable invention是单数名词，be 动词使用 is。 ③解题关键点：do you think为插入语，只起到征询看法的作用不改变原句的主谓结构，插入语之后仍然使用陈述语序。 考点串讲 核心词汇 2. Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 在收音机被发明之前，信息传播得非常缓慢。(P44) 考点精讲：1. 本句为before 引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”，主从句时态遵循时态一致原则，是中考高频复合句考点。 2. 从句核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）。主语the radio（收音机）是动作invent（发明）的承受者，因此用被动语态；主语为单数，且动作发生在过去，故用 was invented。 3. 主句为一般过去时 travelled，与从句过去时态对应，描述过去某个时间段发生的常态动作。 4. 重点词汇：travel v. （信息、声音、光线）传播；行进（中考熟词生义考点，不局限于“旅行”）。 即时训练 ① 主语the telephone（电话）是被发明的，需要用被动语态，排除主动形式A、C； ② 句中的in the old days（在过去）提示动作发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态was invented，排除一般现在时被动D； ③ 本题考查before时间状语从句+一般过去时被动语态，为本单元核心中考考点。 Before the telephone ____, people communicated by letters in the old days. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented 易错提醒 ① 易混淆主动/被动：invent（发明）是人为动作，物品只能被发明，所有物品作主语时，必须用被动语态，绝对不能用主动形式invented。 ② 时态易错：before引导过去场景的从句时，主从句统一用过去相关时态，不可混用现在时态。 ③ 熟词生义易错：travel 除“旅行”外，常考（信息、光、声音）传播，是阅读高频考点，切勿直译出错。 考点串讲 核心词汇 3. Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds. 转眼间，新闻就能在几秒钟内传遍全世界。(P44) 考点精讲: ①本句是含情态动词的被动语态，结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。本句中 could be spread 表示 “能够被传播”；news（新闻）是 spread（传播）这个动作的承受者，因此使用被动语态。 ②spread动词，过去式、过去分词均为spread，属于不规则变化，中考高频不规则动词。 ③短语around the world 全世界，相当于 all over the world；in seconds 几秒之内，“in + 一段时间” 可表示 “在…… 之内”，多用于描述动作完成的时间。 ④suddenly 副词，“突然；转眼间”，在句中作状语，可置于句首，用逗号和主句隔开。 例句：The message could be sent to everyone in minutes. 这条消息可以在几分钟之内发送给所有人。 即时训练 The latest information ____ to lots of people in a short time with the help of the Internet. can spread B. can be spread C. could spread D. is spreading ①主语 the latest information（最新信息）是 “被传播”，是动作的承受者，要用被动语态；A、C、D 均为主动语态，直接排除。 ②情态动词 can 后接 be + 过去分词，构成情态动词的被动语态 can be spread，表示 “能够被传播”。 ③本题核心考点：情态动词的被动语态，判断主语是动作发出者还是承受者是解题关键。 易错提醒 （错）Suddenly, news could be spreaded around the world in seconds. （对） Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds. 高频易错： spread 过去分词为 spread，不存在 spreaded 这个形式。 情态动词被动语态不能省略 be，could spread 是主动含义。 news 为不可数名词，不能说 a news。 考点串讲 核心词汇 4. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 1901 年，一条无线电信息首次被发送横跨大西洋。(P44) 考点精讲：① 本句核心语法为一般过去时的被动语态，结构：was/were + 过去分词。主语 a radio message 为单数，且时间状语 In 1901 为过去时间，因此使用 was sent。 ② 动词 send 为中考高频不规则动词，变形：send–sent–sent，极易拼写错误。 ③ 重点短语：for the first time 第一次、首次（作状语，用于句末）。 ④ 介词辨析：across VS through across：表面横穿。侧重在物体表面越过，平面上从一端到另一端，常搭配河流、海洋、马路、广场。through：内部穿过。侧重从物体内部空间穿行，穿过隧道、森林、门窗、人群。 across从物体表面横穿、跨越，本句中指横跨大西洋，是本单元介词高频考点。 ⑤ 句子时态特征：过去具体年份作时间状语，是判断一般过去时的标志性信号词。 即时训练 ‑‑‑Can you swim ____ the wide river? ‑‑‑Yes. It’s not too hard for me. A. through B. across C. over D. past ①过河是从河面表面横渡，用 across； ②through 指从物体内部穿过，不能用于河流；over 多指从上方越过；past 表示从旁边经过。 ③解题关键：分清是表面横穿还是内部穿行。 知识拓展 常见 “穿过” 类介词中考四词辨析：across /through/over /past ①across（表面横穿）：从物体表面一边到另一边，用于马路、河流、海洋、桥梁。 ②through（内部穿过）：从物体空间内部穿过，用于森林、隧道、窗户、人群。 ③over（上方越过）：从物体正上方跨过，用于高山、围墙。 ④past（旁边经过）：从物体侧面路过，用于人、建筑物。 考点串讲 核心词汇 5. It also had a big effect on music. 它也对音乐产生了巨大的影响。(P44) 考点精讲：① 核心高频短语：have an effect on sth. 对…… 产生影响、对…… 起作用。 不要和动词 affect（动词，影响）混淆。have an effect on…（名词短语）;affect sth.（动词） 。冠词变化：have an effect on sth. 对…… 产生一种影响（泛指）;have a big/great effect on sth. 对…… 产生巨大影响; have little effect on sth. 对…… 几乎没有影响; have no effect on sth. 对…… 毫无作用 ② 时态：本句使用一般过去时，对应前文收音机发明后的历史影响，描述过去发生、产生的作用。 ③ 词汇拓展修饰：可用 great / strong / huge 替换 big，升级写作句型（中考作文加分点）。 ④ 句式用途：广泛用于科技、环境、社会类书面表达，是九年级必考万能句型。 即时训练 Smoking ____ people’s health. A. have a great effect to B. has a great effect on C. have great effects in D. has great effects at ① 固定搭配：have an effect on sth. 对…… 有影响，排除介词搭配错误的 A、C、D； ② 主语 smoking 为不可数名词，视作单数，谓语动词用 has； ③ 本题直击中考高频考点：固定短语介词搭配 + 主谓一致。 知识拓展 effect 相关高频短语与写作句型 have a good effect on… 对…… 有好的影响 have a bad effect on… 对…… 有坏的影响 have little effect on… 对…… 几乎没有影响 have much effect on… 对…… 有很大影响 写作替换（作文加分） 原句：It also had a big effect on music. 同义句 1：It also had a great effect on music. 同义句 2：It also greatly influenced music. 拓展句型： have effects on sb./sth.（复数形式，表示多方面的种种影响） 例句：Modern inventions have great effects on our daily life. 现代发明对我们的日常生活有着诸多重大影响。 考点串讲 核心词汇 6. A mini‑camera is connected to the front of the glasses. 微型相机被连接在眼镜的前部。(P45) 考点精讲：① 一般现在时的被动语态，结构：am/is/are + 过去分词。主语 a mini-camera（微型相机）是被连接，为动作承受者，因此用被动语态 is connected。 ② 固定短语：be connected to… 被连接到……；与…… 相连。属于被动结构，be 动词随时态、人称变化。介词辨析：be connected to VS be connected with-be connected to：侧重物理上的连接，把 A 接到 B 上，“被连接到……”;be connected with：侧重抽象的关联、有关系，“与…… 有关联” ③ 介词考点：the front of… 表示在某物内部的前部，区分 in the front of 与 in front of, 前者强调在某物内部的前部（属于物体本身的一部分，在范围之内），后者强调在…… 的前面（在物体外部，不属于该事物范围） 即时训练 This smart watch ____ the phone and you can receive messages easily. connects to B. is connected to C. connected D. was connect ① 主语 smart watch（智能手表）是被连接，用被动语态，排除主动语态 A、C； ② 全文为客观介绍产品，用一般现在时，不用过去时态 D； ③ 固定搭配 be connected to 为本单元必考短语，精准匹配本题考点。 知识拓展 connect A to B 把 A 连接到 B（主动） People connect the computer to the printer. 人们把电脑连接到打印机。 be connected to B A 被连接到 B（被动，本句考点） be connected with 与…… 有关系 / 有联系（抽象关系） 例：His success is connected with his hard work. 他的成功与他的努力有关。 重点区分： connect to 实物连接、设备相连 connect with 关系、人脉、抽象关联 15 考点串讲 核心词汇 7. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 电话是 1876 年由亚历山大・贝尔发明的。(p.45) 考点精讲：① 一般过去时的被动语态，基础结构：was/were + 过去分词。句子主语the telephone是发明动作的承受者，并非主动发出动作，因此必须使用被动语态。 ② 标志性时间状语 in 1876（过去具体年份），判定句子用一般过去时；主语为单数名词，故谓语结构为 was invented。 ③ 被动语态专属考点：by + 动作执行者，意为“被……”，多用于被动句末尾，明确动作发出者，是中考句型转换、单选高频考点。 ④ 词汇考点：invent v. 发明，指创造出原本不存在的新事物，被动语态：be invented (by sb) （被某人）发明，The telephone was invented by Bell. 电话是贝尔发明的。名词 invention 发明物：This is one of the greatest inventions in history.这是历史上最伟大的发明之一。 即时训练 ① 主语 the first light bulb（第一只灯泡）是被发明，用被动语态，排除主动语态 A、C； ② 时间标志词 many years ago 表示过去，用一般过去时，不用一般现在时 D； ③ 固定结构 be + 过去分词为被动语态核心框架，精准匹配本题考点。 The first light bulb ____ by Edison many years ago. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented 知识拓展 时间介词 in in 1876 在 1876 年 in + 年份 / 月份 / 季节：in 2026；in July；in winter on + 具体某一天：on May 10th at + 具体时刻：at 8:00 介词 by 多义拓展（单元常考） 1.（被动）被，由：was invented by Bell 由贝尔发明 2. 通过（方式）：by doing sth 通过做某事 3. 在…… 旁边：by the river 在河边 核心词汇 8. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 它，远超其他任何发明，促成了塑造现代世界的信息的快速传播。(p.46) 考点精讲：① 高频短语：be responsible for sth. 是……的原因；对……负责。本句中该短语不再表示“对人负责”，而是中考冷门高频释义“促成、引起某事”，贴合发明带来的影响，是阅读理解核心考点。② 插入语结构：more than any other invention（远超其他任何发明），插入句中作状语，用来加强语气，不影响句子主干，主干为 It was responsible for the rapid spread of information。③ that shaped our modern world 为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词information，that在从句中作主语，不可省略，意为“塑造现代世界的信息”。 ④ rapid adj. 迅速的、快速的，rapid spread 快速传播；shape v. 塑造、影响，是本单元熟词生义考点，不局限于名词“形状”。 考点串讲 即时训练 Human's lazy behavior ____ the fast spread of some viruses. A. is responsible for B. is ready for C. is famous for D. is good for ① 固定短语辨析：be responsible for 意为“引起、促成、对……负责”，符合“人类懒惰行为导致病毒快速传播”的句意； ② be ready for 为……做准备、be famous for 因……闻名、be good for 对……有益，均与句意不符，直接排除； ③ 本题重点考查 be responsible for 表“促成、导致”的深层释义。 易错提醒 ①短语释义易错：多数同学只熟记 be responsible for 对……负责（对人/工作负责），极易忽略中考高频考点义 引起、促成（某事发生），造成句意理解偏差。 ②从句易错：本句定语从句that shaped...修饰information，并 非修饰就近的spread，切勿混淆先行词，导致翻译和理解错误。 ③词汇用法易错：shape在本句中是动词（塑造、影响），不 是名词“形状”，是本单元典型熟词生义陷阱。 17 考点串讲 核心词汇 9. Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。(p.47) 考点精讲：①not only…but (also)… 不但…… 而且……，用来连接两个并列的谓语动词、名词、句子等成分，强调递进关系。本句连接两个谓语 speeded up 和 changed。 ②短语 later on 后来；随后，常用于句首作时间状语。 ③ speed up 加速；加快，speed 的过去式、过去分词：speeded / sped，本句用 speeded up。 ④词汇：technique n. 技术、工艺；civilization n. 文明；the development of… …… 的发展，of 名词所有格结构。⑤语法补充：not only…but also… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，是单选、句型转换高频考点。 即时训练 ① 句意：这项新政策不仅改善人们的生活，而且给整个社会带来巨大的改变。前后是递进关系，选用固定句型 not only…but also… 不但…… 而且……。 ② 选项 B、C、D 均为搭配错误：正确搭配分别为 both…and…（两者都）；neither…nor…（既不…… 也不）；either…or…（要么…… 要么），不存在 both; or、neither; and、either; but 这类组合，直接排除。 The new policy ____ improves people’s life, ____ brings great changes to the whole society. not only; but also B. both; or C. neither; and D. either; but 知识拓展 not only…but also… ①连接并列谓语（本句用法）： He not only likes reading but also writes articles. 他不仅喜欢阅读，还写文章。 ②连接并列主语（就近原则）： Not only the students but also their teacher likes the invention. 不仅学生，老师也喜欢这项发明。（谓语跟随靠近的主语 their teacher，用 likes） ③连接并列宾语： She likes not only music but also painting. 她不仅喜欢音乐，还喜欢绘画。 10. As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has become a much smaller place. 因此，不同国家人们之间的交流如今变得更加便捷，世界也变成了一个小得多的地方。(p.49) 考点精讲：① as a result 因此、结果，用作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开，表因果关系，是完形、书面表达高频短语。 ② 介词 among：在…… 之中，用于三者或三者以上的人 / 事物之间；本句指不同国家众多的人们之间。 ③ 副词much 修饰比较级：much easier（便捷得多）、much smaller（小得多）。much 用来加强比较级的程度，意为 “…… 得多” 。 ④ 时态：后半句 has become 是现在完成时，强调过去发生的变化，对现在造成结果：世界已经变成一个小得多的地方。 ⑤ 词汇：communication n. 交流、沟通；different countries 不同国家。 考点串讲 即时训练 ①固定短语：as a result 因此（后接逗号，引出结果句子）；as a result of 后面接名词 / 代词，不能接句子，排除 C；as result /as result of 属于错误搭配，排除 A、D。 ②第二空修饰比较级 easier，要用程度副词much，表示 “…… 得多”；very只修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 ③本题考点：as a result 短语辨析 + much 修饰比较级，贴合课本原句两大核心考点。 —The Internet develops so fast. —____, communication between people from different places is ____ easier than before. A. As result; very B. As a result; much C. As a result of; much D. As result of; very 易错提醒 ①短语易错：as a result（因此，接句子）不要漏掉 a；区分as a result of +名词（由于……）。 ②修饰比较级陷阱：very 不能修饰比较级；能够修饰比较级的词：much, far, even, a lot。 ③ among /between 区分：among 用于三者及以上； between 用于两者之间。本句是多国的人们，必须用 among。 ④时态易错：has become现在完成时，侧重 “已经变化，现在呈现这个状态”，不要误用一般现在时 becomes。 考点串讲 核心词汇 be connected to hundreds of … result in be made of/from spread to carry out a test responsible for sth. lead to add… to… solve problems 进行测试 解决问题 把…加入… 导致；造成 对某事负责 传播到 由…… 制成 造成；导致 与……相连 许多；大量 speed up take place show sb. around sp. make predictions all over the world later on be looking to do sth. have an effect on be suitable for be widely used 被广泛使用 适合 对…有影响 15 14 13 试图找到做某事的方法 12 后来；其后 11 10 9 8 7 6 (使) 加速 16 发生；举行 17 2 1 5 4 带某人参观某地 18 3 做预测 19 全世界 20 中文提示快说短语 20 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 1. invent（v. 发明；创造）→ invented（动词过去式/过去分词）→ inventing（现在分词/动名词）→ invention（n. 发明；发明物）→ inventor（n. 发明家；发明者） 2. introduce（v. 介绍；引入；引进）→ introduced（动词过去式/过去分词）→ introducing（现在分词/动名词）→ introduction（n. 介绍；引言；引进） 3. suppose（v. 认为；推断；假定）→ supposed（动词过去式/过去分词/adj. 假定的；预期的）→ supposing（现在分词/动名词） 4. believe（v. 相信；认为）→ believed（动词过去式/过去分词）→ believing（现在分词/动名词）→ belief（n. 信念；信仰）→ believable（adj. 可信的）→ unbelievable（adj. 难以置信的） 5. Europe（n. 欧洲）→ European（adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人） 考点串讲 核心词汇 6. complete（v. 完成；结束 adj. 完整的；完全的）→ completed（动词过去式/过去分词）→ completing（现在分词/动名词）→ completion（n. 完成；结束）→ incomplete（反义词adj. 不完整的） 7. challenge（n. 挑战 v. 挑战；质疑）→ challenges（名词复数/动词第三人称单数）→ challenged（动词过去式/过去分词）→ challenging（现在分词/动名词/ adj. 有挑战性的） 8. solve（v. 解决；解答）→ solved（动词过去式/过去分词）→ solving（现在分词/动名词）→ solution（n. 解决方案；解答） 9. freeze（v. 结冰；冻结；冷冻）→ froze（动词过去式）→ frozen（动词过去分词/ adj. 冰冻的；冷冻的）→ freezing（现在分词/动名词/ adj. 极冷的） 10. melt（v. 融化；熔化；溶解）→ melted（动词过去式/过去分词）→ melting（现在分词/动名词） 11. possible（adj. 可能的；合理的）→ impossible（反义词adj. 不可能的）→ possibly（adv. 可能；也许）→ possibility（n. 可能性） 考点串讲 核心词汇 12. tour（n. 旅行；旅游 v. 旅行；游览）→ tours（名词复数）→ toured（动词过去式/过去分词）→ tourism（n. 旅游业）→ tourist（n. 游客；旅行者） 13. economy（n. 经济）→ economic（adj. 经济的；经济学的）→ economical（adj. 节俭的；经济实惠的）→ economically（adv. 经济上；节俭地） 14. experience（n. 经验；经历 v. 经历；体验）→ experiences（名词复数/动词第三人称单数）→ experienced（动词过去式/过去分词/ adj. 有经验的）→ experiencing（现在分词/动名词） 15. transport（v. 运输；运送 n. 运输；交通）→ transported（动词过去式/过去分词）→ transporting（现在分词/动名词）→ transportation（n. 运输；交通系统） 16. imagine（v. 想象；设想）→ imagined（动词过去式/过去分词）→ imagining（现在分词/动名词）→ imagination（n. 想象力；想象）→ imaginative（adj. 富有想象力的） 考点串讲 核心词汇 17. paper（n. 纸；纸张；论文）→ papers（名词复数）→ papermaking（n. 造纸术） 18. responsible（adj. 有责任的；负责的）→ responsibility（n. 责任；职责）→ responsibly（adv. 负责任地） 19. rapid（adj. 迅速的；快速的）→ rapidly（adv. 迅速地；快速地） 20. information（n. 信息；消息）→ informative（adj. 提供信息的；增长见闻的） 21. ancient（adj. 古代的；古老的）→ anciently（adv. 古代地；远古地） 22. fibre/fiber（n. 纤维；纤维物质）→ fibres/fibers（名词复数）→ fibrous（adj. 纤维状的） 23. difficult（adj. 困难的；艰难的）→ difficulty（n. 困难；难题）→ difficultly（adv. 困难地） 24. store（v. 储存；存放 n. 商店；仓库）→ stored（动词过去式/过去分词）→ storing（现在分词/动名词）→ storage（n. 储存；存储空间） 25. expensive（adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的）→ inexpensive（反义词adj. ）→ expensively（adv. 昂贵地） 考点串讲 核心词汇 26. certain（adj. 某些；某个；确定的）→ certainly（adv. 当然；必定）→ certainty（n. 确定；必然） 27. suitable（adj. 适合的；适宜的）→ suitably（adv. 适宜地；合适地）→ suitability（n. 适合性；适宜性） 28. experiment（n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验）→ experiments（名词复数/动词第三人称单数）→ experimented（动词过去式/过去分词）→ experimenting（现在分词/动名词）→ experimental（adj. 实验性的） 29. dry（v. 使干燥；弄干 adj. 干的；干燥的）→ dried（动词过去式/过去分词）→ drying（现在分词/动名词）→ drier（形容词比较级）→ driest（形容词最高级） 30. press（v. 压；按；挤压 n. 按压；新闻界）→ pressed（动词过去式/过去分词）→ pressing（现在分词/动名词/adj. 紧迫的）→ pressure（n. 压力；压强） 考点串讲 核心词汇 31. surprise（n. 惊讶；惊喜 v. 使惊讶；使吃惊）→ surprised（adj. 感到惊讶的）→ surprising（adj. 令人惊讶的）→ surprisingly（adv. 惊人地；出人意料地） 32. create（v. 创造；创作；发明）→ created（动词过去式/过去分词）→ creating（现在分词/动名词）→ creation（n. 创造；作品）→ creative（adj. 有创造力的）→ creator（n. 创造者；发明者） 33. technique（n. 技术；工艺；技巧）→ techniques（名词复数）→ technical（adj. 技术的；工艺的）→ technically（adv. 技术上；工艺上） 34. culture（n. 文化；文明）→ cultures（名词复数）→ cultural（adj. 文化的）→ culturally（adv. 文化上） 35. civilization/civilisation（n. 文明；文化）→ civilizations/civilisations（名词复数）→ civil（adj. 公民的；文明的）→ civilize/civilise（v. 使文明；使开化） 36. neighbour（n. 邻居；邻国）→ neighbours（名词复数）→ neighbouring（adj. 邻近的；相邻的）→ neighbourhood（n. 街区；社区） 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 (practice) 1. The great ____________ (invent) created many useful machines for people. 2. At the ____________ (introduce) of the meeting, our teacher told us a short story. 3. He was ____________ (suppose) to finish his task before dinner yesterday. 4. It is ____________ (believe) that he passed the difficult exam in such a short time. 5. Many ____________ (Europe) come to visit China every year. 6. The ____________ (complete) of the new library makes students happy. 7. This is a ____________ (challenge) task for most teenagers. 8. No one has found a good ____________ (solve) to the serious problem. 9. The road is covered with ____________ (freeze) snow in winter. 10. The ____________ (melt) ice turns into much water in spring. inventor introduction supposed unbelievable Europeans completion challenging solution frozen melting 27 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 (practice) 11. It is ____________ (possible) for humans to fly without any tools. 12. There is a high ____________ (possible) that it will rain this afternoon. 13. Lots of ____________ (tour) come here to enjoy the beautiful sights every year. 14. He is an ____________ (experience) teacher and he is popular with students. 15. High‑speed ____________ (transport) changes people’s life greatly. 16. The little boy has a rich ____________ (imagine). 17. Everyone should take ____________ (responsible) for their own behaviour. 18. With the development of technology, people’s life becomes ____________ (rapid) better. 19. This book is ____________ (inform) and we can learn a lot from it. 20. We should face many kinds of ____________ (difficult) in our daily life. impossible possibility tourists experienced transportation imagination responsibility rapidly informative difficulties 28 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 (practice) The famous ________ got many prizes for his new machine. A. invent B. inventor C. invention 2. At the ________ part, he shared his own life story. A. introduction B. introduce C. introducing 3. You are ________ to keep quiet in the reading room. A. suppose B. supposed C. supposing 4. It is ________ that he finished so much work in one day. A. believing B. believable C. unbelievable 5. Many ________ enjoy travelling around the world. A. European B. Europeans C. Europe 29 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 (practice) 6. The ________ of the project took them over one year. A. complete B. completion C. completed 7. It is really a ________ job for the young workers. A. challenging B. challenge C. challenged 8. We need to come up with a useful ________. A. solve B. solution C. solving 9. The ________ weather makes many birds fly to the south. A. freeze B. frozen C. freezing 10. There is a high ________ that he will join our club. A. possible B. possibility C. possibly 30 考点串讲 核心词汇 词型转换 (practice) 11. Thousands of ________ visit this old town every summer. A. tourist B. tourism C. tourists 12. He is an ________ doctor in this hospital. A. experienced B. experience C. experiencing 13. Modern ________ makes our trip much easier. A. transport B. transportation C. transported 14. Good ________ helps you write wonderful stories. A. imagine B. imagination C. imaginative 15. We should take ________ for what we have done. A. responsible B. responsibility C. responsibly 31 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元语法 人教版·九年级上册 单元语法 一般现在时 一般现在时是用来描述：①经常性、习惯性的动作；②人 / 事物现在的状态、特征、能力；③客观真理、普遍事实；④时刻表、固定安排；⑤主将从现：时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。 一般现在时 (主动语态） 常见时间标志词 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never 时间短语：every day /every week, once a month, on weekends, on Mondays ①经常性、习惯性的动作 He plays basketball on weekends. 他在周末打篮球。 ②人 / 事物现在的状态、特征、能力 This robot works very well. 这个机器人运行得很好。 ③客观真理、普遍事实 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 33 单元语法 一般现在时 一般现在时是用来描述：①经常性、习惯性的动作；②人 / 事物现在的状态、特征、能力；③客观真理、普遍事实；④时刻表、固定安排；⑤主将从现：时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。 一般现在时 (主动语态） ④时刻表、固定安排 The train leaves at eight o’clock every morning. 这趟火车每天早上八点发车。 ⑤主将从现（时间、条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时） If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 频度副词： She hardly watches TV. 她几乎不看电视。 They seldom go out at night. 他们晚上很少外出。 时间短语： My mother cleans the house every week. 我妈妈每周打扫房子。 He visits his grandma once a month. 他一个月看望一次奶奶。 34 单元语法 句型结构-类型 A：句中有 be 动词 am /is/are 句型 结构 例句 翻译 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 表语 He is a great inventor. 他是一名伟大的发明家。 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 表语 They are not interested in old inventions. 他们对古老发明不感兴趣。 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 表语？ Is this machine useful? 这台机器有用吗？ 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 单元语法 句型结构 - 类型 B：句中是实义动词 句型 非三单主语 (I/you/we/they) 三单主语 (he/she/it/ 单数名词 肯定 主语 + 动词原形 主语 + 动词‑s/es 否定 主语 + don’t + 动词原形 主语 + doesn’t + 动词原形 一般疑问 Do + 主语 + 动词原形？ Does + 主语 + 动词原形？ 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） We learn new knowledge every day. 我们每天学习新知识。（非三单，原形） This machine works very well. 这台机器运转很好。（三单，work→works） He doesn’t know how the machine runs. 他不知道这台机器如何运转。（doesn’t 后动词变回原形） Does the tool help people a lot? 这个工具对人们帮助很大吗？（does 后动词用原形） 单元语法 规则 1：一般情况：直接在词尾加‑s 绝大多数动词，直接加 s； 读音：清辅音后读 /s/；浊辅音、元音后读 /z/ work → works 工作 play → plays 玩耍 read → reads 阅读 write → writes 写 例句：He works in a hospital. 他在一家医院工作。 动词第三人称单数变化规则 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 规则 2：以 s /x/sh /ch/o 结尾，词尾加‑es s、x、sh、ch、o 结尾，加‑es，多数读 /ɪz/ pass → passes 通过 watch → watches 观看 teach → teaches 教 go → goes 去 fix → fixes 修理 wash → washes 洗 例句：She watches TV every evening. 她每天晚上看电视。 单元语法 规则 3：辅音字母 + y，把 y 改为 i，再加‑es study → studies 学习 carry → carries 搬运 fly → flies 飞 worry → worries 担心 例句：He studies English very hard. 他学习英语非常努力。 动词第三人称单数变化规则 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 规则 4：元音字母 + y 结尾：直接加‑s 元音字母 (a/e/i/o/u)+y 结尾，不变 y，直接加 s play → plays 玩 enjoy → enjoys 享受 stay → stays 停留 例句：Tom plays football after school. 汤姆放学后踢足球。 Tip: 辅音 + y → 变 y 为 i+es；元音 + y → 直接 + s 单元语法 have → has 有 be → is 是 He has a new smart‑watch. 他有一块新智能手表。 She is from Canada. 她来自加拿大。 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 动词第三人称单数变化规则 易错提醒 ①只有一般现在时才变三单；过去式、将来时、被动语态不使用三单变化。 （错）He workedses…（错误，过去式无三单）　　　　（对）He worked… ②助动词 do/does 后面，动词必须变回原形 （错） Does he studies?　　　　　　（对） Does he study? ③主语判断：　第三人称单数：he, she, it；Li Ming；the book；water（不可数名词） 　　　　　　　不用三单：I, you, we, they、复数名词 单元语法 一般现在时被动语态，用于描述现阶段经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观存在的被动状态、客观事实，核心强调主语是动作的承受者，而非动作的发出者，常和一般现在时主动语态、一般过去时被动语态结合考查。 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 语态核心区分： 主动语态：主语发出动作，侧重“谁做了什么”被动语态：主语承受动作，侧重“什么被做” 被动语态适用： ①经常性动作 (often /every day…)　②客观事实、普遍规律　③事物作主语，无法主动发出动作 例句对照： 主动：We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 被动：The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天被我们打扫。 单元语法 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (done) + (by + 执行者) ① am/is/are 随主语人称单复数变化 ② done：及物动词过去分词；规则 + ed，不规则单独记 ③ by + sb.：引出执行者，不强调时可省略 不规则动词过去分词 do-done, make-made, give-given, take-taken, see-seen write-written, speak-spoken, learn-learnt/learned, buy-bought, sell-sold, keep-kept, use-used, tell-told, ask-asked 带 by + 动作执行者（点明是谁做的） Many things are made by workers in this factory. 很多物品是由这家工厂的工人制造的。 The books are written by this famous writer. 这些书是由这位著名作家写的。 省略 by 短语（不需要强调执行者） This kind of bike is sold everywhere. 这种自行车到处都售卖。 English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都讲英语。 单元语法 句式变化 肯定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (done) + 其他成分 ▶ The window is cleaned every morning. 窗户每天早上被打扫。 ▶ Many trees are planted here every year. 这里每年都会种植很多树木。 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 否定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 (done) + 其他 缩写：am not /isn’t /aren’t ▶ The game isn’t played in winter. 这个游戏不在冬天开展。 ▶ Old phones aren’t used any more. 旧手机不再被使用。 42 单元语法 句式变化 一般疑问句 结构：Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (done) + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not/isn’t/aren’t. ▶ —Is this tool used for work? 这个工具是用来工作的吗？ —Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. ▶ —Are these magazines kept in the library? 这些杂志保存在图书馆吗？ —Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词 + Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (done) + 其他？ ▶ Where is this kind of machine produced? 这种机器是在哪里生产的？ ▶ When are the posters put up? 这些海报什么时候被张贴？ 43 单元语法 ①经常性、习惯性的被动动作 搭配标志词：every day、often、usually、always 等频度状语 ▶ The classroom is cleaned every afternoon.教室每天下午被打扫。 ②客观事实、普遍真理、既定规则 句子没有明显时间状语，描述客观情况 ▶ Silver is used for making coins.　　银被用来制作硬币。 ③侧重事物的状态、用途、属性，不强调动作执行者 ▶ This bottle is made of glass.　　这个瓶子由玻璃制成。 ④执行者为泛指人群，无需说出具体是谁 ▶ These stories are shared by lots of teenagers.　这些故事被许许多多青少年传阅。 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 核心用法 单元语法 ①be 动词单复数只看主语，勿受后面名词干扰 ②仅及物动词可用于被动；happen/appear/die/arrive/lie 无被动 ③主语能发出动作用主动；主语承受动作用被动 ④分清过去分词，勿与原形、过去式混淆 ⑤by+sb.：强调执行者就写，不强调直接省略 ⑥频度副词位置：be 动词后，过去分词前　　 ▷The room is often cleaned by my sister. ⑦give/buy/send 双宾语被动：物作主语要补 to/for give sb. sth. → sb. is given sth. /sth. is given to sb. ⑧时态区分：现在被动表常态事实；过去被动表过去发生的动作 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 核心注意事项 单元语法 被动语态，区别于主动语态，强调动作的承受者，而非动作的发出者；一般过去时被动语态，专门表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作，即“主语在过去被……”，是初中英语被动语态板块的核心必考考点，常出现在单选、完形、句型转换和写作中。 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 核心判断： 主语为动作的承受者；动作发生在过去。 常见过去时间标志：yesterday、last week、just now、…ago、in 2023 等 主动语态 VS 被动语态对照： 主动语态（侧重动作发出者）：They built the bridge last year.　他们去年修建了这座桥。 被动语态（侧重动作承受者）：The bridge was built by them last year.　这座桥去年由他们修建。 单元语法 核心结构：主语 + was/were + 及物动词过去分词（done） + （by + 动作发出者） 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 was/were：助动词，根据主语单复数变化，单数主语用was，复数主语用were（I/he/she/it/单数名词用was；we/you/they/复数名词用were） done：及物动词的过去分词，及物动词（后面能直接加宾语的动词）才有被动语态，不及物动词无被动 by + sb.：引出动作的执行者，可根据语境省略，不影响句子核心含义 常见动词过去分词不规则变化 do-did-done；go-went-gone；see-saw-seen；say-said-said make-made-made；build-built-built；hold-held-held give-gave-given；take-took-taken；write-wrote-written buy-bought-bought；sell-sold-sold；keep-kept-kept 单元语法 句式变化 肯定句 结构：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (done) + 其他成分 ▶ This old house was repaired last month.　这栋老房子上个月被修缮了。 ▶ Many posters were put up yesterday.　很多海报昨天被张贴出来。 否定句 结构：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 (done) + 其他 缩写：wasn’t /weren’t ▶ The project wasn’t finished last winter.　这个项目去年冬天没有完工。 ▶ These photos weren’t taken in Beijing.　这些照片不是在北京拍摄的。 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 48 单元语法 句式变化 一般疑问句 结构：Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (done) + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.　　　否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. ▶ —Was the new museum opened last year? 这座新博物馆是去年开放的吗？　—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. ▶ —Were these gifts bought for you? 这些礼物是买给你的吗？　—Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词 + Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (done) + 其他？ ▶ Where was this ancient vase found?　这个古花瓶是在哪里被发现的？ ▶ When were these new rules made?　这些新规则是什么时候制定的？ 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 49 单元语法 ①强调动作承受者，不知道 / 不强调动作发出者 ▶ The cup was dropped just now.　杯子刚刚被摔碎了。（不清楚是谁摔的，侧重杯子的遭遇） ②动作发出者明确，特意突出承受者，用 by 引出执行者 ▶ This article was translated by our Chinese teacher.　这篇文章是由我们语文老师翻译的。 ③描述过去客观事实、历史事件、过往被动经历 ▶ This stone tower was set up hundreds of years ago.　这座石塔是数百年前修建的。 ④主语是无生命事物，本身无法发出动作 ▶ The new plan was discussed at yesterday’s meeting.　新方案在昨天的会议上被讨论。 （方案不能自己开展讨论，只能 “被讨论”） 核心用法 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 单元语法 ①主谓一致 was/were 只根据主语单复数判断，与后面名词无关，杜绝混用。 ②仅限及物动词使用被动 不及物动词无被动语态：happen、appear、die、arrive、take place等。 was happened / was appeared（绝对错误） ③精准区分主动、被动语态 过去主动：主语主动发出动作； 过去被动：主语被动承受动作，二者结构完全不同。 ④规范使用过去分词 规则动词直接加ed；不规则动词特殊记忆，严格区分过去式与过去分词，避免混用。 核心注意事项 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 单元语法 ⑤by 短语灵活省略 动作执行者不明确、无需强调时，可直接省略 by sb.，句子语法依然正确。 ⑥匹配对应过去时间状语 yesterday 昨天；yesterday morning /afternoon/evening 昨天早 / 中 / 晚；…ago …… 以前、last + 时间：last week /last month /last year /last night 上周 / 上个月 / 去年 / 昨晚；in + 过去年份：in 2010；just now 刚才；at that time 在那时；the other day 前几天、once 曾经；in the past 在过去 ⑦双宾语动词被动变化（重难点） 结构：give sb. sth.　　物作主语：sth. was given to sb. 常见双宾语动词：give、buy、send、show、pass 等，这类动词可接“人+物”双宾语。 核心规则：物作主语变被动时，必须搭配对应介词，give/send/show/pass 搭配to，buy/make 搭配for，不可省略、不可混用。 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 单元语法 1．This new app ________ a new world of foreign language learning. A．opens up 　　B．links with C．is covered with D．leads to 2．I wonder ________ every morning. A．if does he read English aloud B．if he read English aloud C．if he has read English aloud 　　　D．if he reads English aloud 3．Grandma told me the moon ________ around the earth. A．go 　　　　B．goes 　C．went 　D．going 4．Although the great writer has passed away, his spirit ________ in his works. A．lives on 　B．drops out 　　C．comes true D．stands up 5．Most students ________ that reading can help them learn more new words. A．believe 　B．are believed 　　　C．will believe 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 53 单元语法 6．The light bulb _________ the world around us bright at night. A．makes B．make C．is made D．was made 7．Binbin says he ________ to be an active learner first. A．wants B．wanted C．want D．wanting 8．Whenever someone ________ you a cigarette you should say no. A．offer B．offers C．offered D．offering 9．My deskmate always ________ notes when he reads articles about life in the past. A．take B．takes C．took D．will take 10．The great thinker’s books ________ still read by many people today. A．is 　　B．are 　C．was D．were 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 54 单元语法 11．My deskmate always ________attention to small environmental problems in daily life. A．pay 　　　　B．pays C．paid D．will pay 12．Smoking ________ the environment. A．pollute 　B．pollutes 　　C．polluting D．polluted 13．The teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east and sets in the west. A．rise 　　B．rises 　　C．rose 　D．will rise 14．—How do you study for maths?　　—I think the best way ________ to do maths problems. A．is 　　B．are 　　C．be 　D．was 15．Lots of young volunteers ________ at Dunhuang sites every summer. A．work B．works C．working D．to work 一般现在时 一般现在时 (主动语态） 55 单元语法 1．— The park is so beautiful!　— It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass ______ in the future. A．plant B．plants C．is planted 　　D．are planted 2．The violin is a beautiful musical instrument that ________ a bow. A．is played with B．is played by　 C．plays with 　　D．plays 3．The Olympic Games ________ every four years in different countries. A．are held B．are taken place C．hold D．takes place 4．Many art works _________ by young people today. A．create B．created C．are created 　　D．were created 5．Folk stories ______ from parents to children for hundreds of years. A．pass B．passes C．are passed 　　D．is passed 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 56 单元语法 6．Paper cuttings ________ usually ________ as symbols of good luck. A．are; seen 　B．do; see 　C．were; seen 7．This kind of special clay ______ to make small toys in the town. A．uses B．are used 　C．is used 　　D．used 8．Trees ______ as a sign of good luck in this culture. A．regard B．regards C．is regarded 　　D．are regarded 9．—When ______ the traditional festival ______?　—It is celebrated every autumn. A．do; celebrate B．are; celebrated C．is; celebrated D．does; celebrate 10．A lot of beautiful lanterns ______ every year for the Spring Festival. A．make B．makes C．are made 　D．is made 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 57 单元语法 11．In many countries, eggs ______ as a symbol of new life. A．see 　　B．are seen C．is seen 　D．sees 12．Chinese clay artworks ________ carefully by artists. A．shape B．are shaped 　　C．were shaped 13．Many wonderful folk songs ________ at the festival every year. A．sing B．are sung 　　C．were sung 14．Rice dumplings ______ by people to remember Qu Yuan during Dragon Boat Festival. A．cook B．are cooked 　　C．is cooked D．cooks 15．Lots of traditional skills ________ in our school every term. A．teach B．are taught 　　C．taught 一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态 58 单元语法 1．The old workshop was ________ and turned into a training room for young craftspeople. A．large B．enlarged C．enlargement 2．A big party ________ to celebrate our class winning the first prize. A．hold B．was held C．will be held D．holds 3．The passport _________ in the Lost and Found yesterday. A．discover B．discovered 　C．is discovered D．was discovered 4．I _________ by my mom too early this morning. A．woken up B．woke up C．was woken up D．am woken up 5．The ancient city wall of Xi’an ________ by the people in the Ming Dynasty. A．built B．was built C．builds D．was building 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 59 单元语法 6．The great leader made sure the laws were ________. A．enact B．enacted C．enacting D．enacts 7．The river ________ by chemical factories before, but now it has become clean again. A．polluted B．was polluted C．is polluted 　D．pollutes 8．The rocket ________ well in the factory before it was launched. A．checks B．was checked C．is checked 　　D．will be checked 9．The spaceship was ________ into space successfully by the scientists. A．sent B．sends C．is sending 　D．will send 10．—Is this book still available? 　—Sorry, it ________ out last week. A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 60 单元语法 11．I was deeply ________ by Fan Jinshi’s decades of hard work. A．shock B．shocking C．shocked 12．—Do you know the story of the compass? 　—Yes, it ___ by Chinese people thousands of years ago. A．discovers 　B．discovered　　　C．is discovered D．was discovered 13．The first paper money in China ________ over 1000 years ago and it was a great invention. A．created B．was created 　　C．is created D．creates 14．The classroom ________ when we got there yesterday afternoon. A．was cleaned B．cleaned 　C．is cleaned D．cleans 15．Paper, one of the four great inventions of ancient China, ________ by Cai Lun. A．was invented B．is invented 　　C．invented D．invents 一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 61 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 主题写作 人教版·九年级上册 主题写作 主题解读 本单元的话题 Power of Ideas（理念的力量），要求学生能够完整介绍一项发明的相关信息，梳理发明诞生的来龙去脉，分享发明创造带给人类社会的变化，总结创新思想带来的启示与感悟。 本单元写作要求同学们能够围绕发明、创新理念展开论述，介绍发明诞生的时代背景、发明者相关信息，说明发明的用途与使用方式，分析这项发明对人们生活、社会发展产生的深远影响，旨在让学生掌握被动语态高分句型，练习物品说明类说明文，锻炼客观说明事物的表达能力与思辨升华思维。 学生可以选择多类写作素材展开创作（介绍中国古代传统发明、现代科技发明、中外经典发明创造），介绍发明的诞生过程，说明它如何改变人们的日常生活，讲述创新理念带来的时代变革与思想感悟。 主题写作 写作要点 明确目的 本单元的话题是Power of Ideas（理念的力量），要求学生能够完整介绍一项发明的相关信息，阐述创新想法对人类社会带来的改变，总结创造背后带来的经验与感悟。 方法介绍 介绍发明的完整信息，交代发明者、发明时间、诞生背景，介绍发明的用途与使用方式，借助被动语态高分句型组织语言，搭建说明文文章主体框架。 观点阐述 结合发明诞生的时代背景分析这项发明的价值，谈论发明出现前后社会生活发生的变化，阐述创新想法如何推动社会进步，体现对创意、发明与思想力量的理解。 总结升华 简洁收尾全文，概括这项发明的历史意义，联系现实感悟创新的价值，表明敢于思考、勇于创新的态度，完成文章立意升华。 主题写作 写作思路 开头 总起点题：开门见山点明 Power of Ideas（理念的力量）主题，引出发明创造的话题，简单说明伟大发明对人类社会的重要意义，直接引出下文要介绍的这项发明。 中间 ①介绍发明概况 条理介绍这项发明的完整信息（发明者、诞生时间、发明的时代背景、发明初衷），运用一般过去时被动语态、一般现在时被动语态进行表达。 ②介绍用途与影响 联系发明诞生前后人们生活的变化，介绍发明的使用方式，对比发明出现前后社会生活的差异，说明这项发明带来的便利与改变。 ③提炼核心理念 总结创新创造蕴含的精神：善于观察、敢于思考、勇于实践，讲清小小的创意想法如何推动时代进步，体现思想理念的强大力量。 结尾 抒发感悟：总结这项发明给人类生活与社会发展带来的改变，反思创新思考对于我们的意义； 升华立意：树立敢于创新的意识，表明自己会善于观察思考、敢于大胆设想，在生活学习中培养创新思维。 主题写作 词汇运用 1. 利用词汇如 invention, inventor, create, produce, wheel, develop, change, influence, progress, society来表达发明创造、理念创新的写作核心意图，点明主题是创意与思想的强大力量。 2. 使用 invent, introduce, produce, spread, be used for, bring about, play an important role in, make a difference to 等动词及短语，描述发明诞生过程、介绍发明用途、讲述发明对生活 带来改变的说明过程。 3. 提及 besides, generally, however, what’s more, in my opinion, as a result, therefore 等连接词 与副词，划分发明背景、用途介绍、社会影响、个人感悟多层内容，让论述逻辑清晰、 行文层次丰富。 4. 用 useful, important, creative, ancient, modern, widespread, meaningful, great 等形容词丰富 细节描写，体现不同发明创造的特点，使文章表达更加饱满。 66 主题写作 写作练习 书面表达: 题目：My Favorite Invention（我最喜欢的发明） 假设你是学校英语角的发言代表，请以“My Favorite Invention”为题，写一篇80词左右的英语短文，介绍 一项你最喜欢的发明。 写作要求： 1. 说明这项发明是什么。 2. 至少使用2个本单元的重点短语（例如：be used for, bring about, keep in touch, change one’s life 等）。 3. 至少使用1句被动语态。 4. 谈谈这项发明如何改变了我们的生活。 5. 不要出现真实的学校或姓名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 确定文体：说明文，一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍最喜欢的发明是什么、用途、如何改变生活，使用被动语态与重点短语 确定人称：第一人称 (I/my) 注意事项：文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息 三段式结构： 开头：点明最喜欢的发明 主体：介绍发明用途、被动句式表达使用情况 结尾：阐述发明如何改变生活，总结感受 67 主题写作 写作范文 My Favorite Invention My favorite invention is the smartphone. It is used for calling, sending messages and taking photos. This wonderful invention brings about a lot of convenience to our daily life. It was designed by many engineers. Now, it is widely used by billions of people all over the world. With its help, I can keep in touch with my family and friends easily anytime. It truly changes my life and makes the world much smaller. 要点一：点明最喜欢的发明 发明：My favorite invention is the smartphone/It is one of the greatest inventions in modern daily life 要点二：介绍发明用途及起源 用途及起源：It is used for calling, sending messages and taking photos/It was designed by many engineers/It is widely used by billions of people all over the world 要点三：阐述发明带来的影响 影响与升华：brings about a lot of convenience/keep in touch with my family and friends/changes my life and makes the world much smaller/shortens the distance between people greatly. 68 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 综合训练 人教版·九年级上册 综合训练 一、单项选择 1．Local factories ________ different kinds of daily goods every single day. A．memorize B．produce C．recall D．divide 2．The new product ________ well in the market. A．sells B．is sold C．sold D．was sold 3．This kind of silk ________ soft and smooth. A．feels B．is felt C．feeling D．to feel 4．This kind of paper ________ bamboo in the factory. A．is made of B．is made from C．is made in D．is made by 5．These products ________ to many countries around the world. A．export B．exported C．are exported D．were exporting 综合训练 6．English ________ widely ________ all over the world. A．is; spoken B．was; spoken C．is; speaking D．will; speak 7．The new bridge ________ last year. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 8．—Who invented the computer? —It ________ by many people over time. A．improved B．was improved C．is improved D．has improved 9．Creative ideas can ________ our world better. A．make B．be made C．make to D．to make 10．This useful invention ________ us a lot of time and energy. A．save B．saved C．saves D．is saving 综合训练 11．The ancient city wall of Xi’an ________ by the people in the Ming Dynasty. A．built B．was built C．builds D．was building 12．The new high-speed train can ________ and carry more passengers at the same time. A．slow down B．speed up C．wear out D．divide into 13．Craftsmen use jute and wood to ________ all kinds of beautiful handcrafts. A．shape B．Tick C．tap D．tie 14．The ________ of wheels completely changed ancient people’s travelling ways. A．discovery B．invention C．collection D．discussion 15．Too much plastic rubbish will ________ serious pollution to rivers and farmland. A．lead to B．look up to C．keep in mind D．take advantage of 综合训练 16．Every citizen should be ________ for the rubbish around their living neighbourhood. A．suitable B．responsible C．rapid D．ideal 17．Tea ________ in many parts of China. A．grows B．is grown C．grew D．has grown 18．The high-speed train ________ the city with the countryside closely. A．connects B．brings about C．talks about D．thinks about 19．—How spectacular (壮观的) the military parade (阅兵) on September 3rd, 2025 was! —Yes, every soldier ________ strictly to make it successful. A．is trained B．was trained C．are trained D．were trained 20．— Can he get the first prize in the race? — He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now. A．expect to do B．was expected doing C．has expected doing D．was expected to do   综合训练 二、单词拼写 1．The _____________ (公司) has recently launched a new product line. 2．People _____________ (认为) that tea was brought to Western countries early. 3．You need one more hour to _____________ (完成) the task. 4．The _____________ (当地的) people are very friendly to visitors. 5．The _____________ (力量) of creativity is truly amazing. 6．We can _____________ (保持联系) with our friends through WeChat. 7．The material is _____________ (适合的) for making paper. 8．This machine can _____________ (生产) hundreds of products every day. 9．The smartphone has become a necessary _____________ (发明) in modern life. 10．The new technology has had a huge _____________ (影响) on our daily life. company suppose complete local keep in touch power suitable produce invention influence 综合训练 11．We need to think ______________ (不同地) to solve this difficult problem. 12．The story quickly _____________ (传播) across the country and inspired many people. 13．We should learn to solve problems _____________ (积极地) instead of complaining. 14．The Wright brothers’ plane made international _____________ (交流) much easier. 15．The _____________ (现实) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project. 16．This invention _____________ (带来) many changes to our daily life. 17．The new railway _________________ (加速) the development of tourism in this area. 18．Please _____________ (提到) your experience in scientific practice when introducing yourself. 19．His idea was so ______________ (有创意的) that everyone praised him. 20．The _____________ (材料) used to make this bag is very strong and durable. material differently spread positively communication reality bring about mention sped up creative 综合训练 三、完成句子 1．will, new, built, be, schools, many, year, next (.) __________________________________________ 2．be, used, can, phone, this, for, photos, taking (?) __________________________________________ 3．creative, brings, about, progress, idea, this, great (.) _____________________________________________ 4．used, for, be, can, what, this, machine (?) ______________________________________________ 5．People use computers widely today. (改为被动语态) Computers ________ widely ________ by people today. Many new schools will be built next year. Can this phone be used for taking photos? This creative idea brings about great progress. What can this machine be used for? are used 综合训练 三、完成句子 6．The factory produces plastic cups every day. (改为否定句) The factory ________ ________ plastic cups every day. 7．Papermaking changed ancient people’s life. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ancient people’s life? 8．Workers shape bronze into artworks in workshops.（改为被动语态） Bronze ________ ________ into artworks by workers in workshops. 9．We should reduce plastic waste in our daily life.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ plastic waste in your daily life? 10．This invention helps people solve many daily problems. (改为否定句) This invention ________ ________ people solve many daily problems. doesn’t produce What changed is shaped Should reduce doesn’t help 综合训练 11．这项新技术将会被广泛使用。 This new technology ________ ________ widely used. 12．这个发明是谁发明的？ Who ________ this invention ________ by? 13．这台机器是用来切割纸张的。 This machine ________ ________ for cutting paper. 14．据说这个故事发生在20世纪初期。 It ________ said that the story ________ place in the early 20th century. 15．而且，风能可以被转化为一种有用的能源。   What’s more, wind energy can ________ ________ ________ a useful source of power. was invented will be is used is took be turned into 人教版·九年级上册（新教材） $