摘要:
**基本信息**
以“概念-方法-应用”为逻辑链,通过四步法和技巧总结系统突破动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾补,提升语言运用与思维辨析能力。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|核心概念|3类成分+特殊考点|四步法(识别→判断位置→注意否定→被动还原to)|从基础形式到三种成分(定义-动词-例句),衔接特殊考点(使役/感官动词用法)|
|专项练习|5类题型(单选12题/填空10题等)|成分判断法(动词后→宾语;表“为了”→状语;动词+人后→宾补)|覆盖中考高频考法(否定式、被动还原to),典例含主动被动对比|
|解题技巧|5条核心技巧|“主动省to,被动还原to”等口诀|提炼三类成分特征,建立“题型-方法”对应关系|
内容正文:
鲁教版英语(五四制)Unit7语法讲解及习题:
动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语
一、核心概念
(一)动词不定式基础
1. 基本形式:to + 动词原形;否定形式:not to + 动词原形。
2. 本单元重点掌握不定式三种成分:作宾语、作目的状语、作宾语补足语。
(二)不定式作宾语
1. 定义
放在部分及物动词后面,作动词的宾语,结构:主语 + 动词 + to do。
2. 高频动词(后接 to‑do 作宾语)
want(想要)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、decide(决定)、expect(期待)、try(尽力)、learn(学习)、refuse(拒绝)、choose(选择)。
3. 例句
①Many artists hope to show their true feelings in their works.
许多艺术家希望在作品中展现自己真实的情感。
②He decides to learn traditional Chinese painting.
他决定学习中国画。
注意:不能直接用动词原形放在这些动词后面,必须加 to。
❌He decide learn painting.
✅He decides to learn painting.
(三)不定式作目的状语
1. 定义
用来表示主句动作的目的,翻译为 “为了……”。可放句末,也可用In order to do放句首表强调。
2. 结构
① 句末:主句 + to do
② 句首:In order to do , 主句
3. 例句
①Artists create works to record the beauty of nature.
艺术家创作作品,为了记录大自然之美。
②In order to improve his skills, he practises calligraphy every day.
为了提升技艺,他每天练习书法。
⚠️区分:目的状语表 “目的”;宾语是动词的承受对象。
(四)不定式作宾语补足语(宾补)
1. 定义
补充说明宾语要做的动作;结构:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do,也就是 “动词 + sb.+to do sth.”。
2. 高频动词(动词 + sb. + to do)
tell(告诉)、ask(请求)、expect(期待)、allow(允许)、invite(邀请)、encourage(鼓励)、warn(警告)。
否定形式:tell / ask sb. not to do sth.(告诉 / 要求某人不要做某事)
3. 例句
①The teacher expects us to understand the beauty of calligraphy.
老师期待我们理解书法之美。
②The artist encouraged children to create their own paintings.
这位艺术家鼓励孩子们创作属于自己的绘画。
4. 重要特殊考点(中考高频)
①使役动词make / let / have、感官动词see / hear / watch,主动语态省略 to,即 make sb. do sth;
②变为被动语态时,to 必须还原:sb. be made to do sth.。
例:Active:The story makes us feel moved. 这个故事让我们感动。
Passive:We are made to feel moved by the story. 我们被这个故事所感动。
③help:help sb. (to) do sth.,to 可加也可以省略。
(五)做题四步法
①识别是否是 to + 动词原形不定式;
②判断位置:动词后→宾语;表 “为了”→目的状语;动词 + 人后面→宾补;
③注意否定not to do;
④注意 make/see 等被动语态要还原 to。
二、专项练习题
Ⅰ 单项选择
( )1. Many artists hope________ their feelings through paintings.
A. show B. to show C. showing D. shown
( )2. The art teacher expects the students________ more about Chinese calligraphy.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
( )3. He came to the gallery________ enjoy the famous works of art.
A. for B. to C. so D. but
( )4. Please tell the children________ photos inside the art museum.
A. not take B. not to take C. don’t take D. no take
( )5. They decided________ to the art show this weekend.
A. to go B. go C. going D. went
( )6. The great work of art makes me________ deep in thought.
A. fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen
( )7. In order________ his painting skills, he practises for hours every day.
A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improved
( )8. Visitors are not allowed________ noise in the exhibition hall.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
( ) 9. The little girl was made________ for hours to copy the painting.(被动)
A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
( )10. Lots of young people choose________ art as their hobby.
A. take up B. to take up C. taking up D. took up
( )11. Artists use different colours________ their ideas.
A. express B. expressing C. to express D. expressed
( )12. The painter encouraged us________ afraid of making mistakes when drawing.
A. not be B. not to be C. don’t be D. not being
Ⅱ 用括号内动词的正确形式填空
1. Many people want_______________(visit) the famous art museum during holidays.
2. The teacher expects us_______________(feel) the beauty of traditional art.
3. He goes to the gallery every week_______________(study) the old paintings.
4. My mum told me_______________(not draw) on the wall.
5. They hope_______________(create) more beautiful works for young people.
6. In order_______________(know) more about Qi Baishi, I read many books.
7. The painting makes me_______________(think) of the beauty of nature.
8. The visitors are encouraged_______________(keep) quiet in the show room.
9. She tried_______________(learn) calligraphy from a famous master.
10. The boy was seen_______________(copy) the great painting in the museum.(被动,还原 to)
Ⅲ 判断不定式在句中的成分,填写:O(宾语);A(状语);OC(宾语补足语)
1. She plans to take part in an art competition.________________
2. The artist invites us to enjoy his new works.________________
3. He travelled to different places to get creative ideas.________________
4. We hope to understand the stories behind these paintings.________________
5. The guide told us not to touch the art works.________________
Ⅳ 改错,划出错误并改正
1. The artist want show his works to more young people.________________
2. The story made the children to feel interested in Chinese painting.________________
3. My teacher told me don’t draw on the notebook.________________
Ⅴ 短文填空( 用括号内动词不定式正确形式)
Lots of teenagers like art. Many teenagers hope 1.____________(become) young artists. Some go to museums 2._____________(get) new creative ideas. Their art teachers often encourage them 3._____________(keep) practising every day.
参考答案
Ⅰ 单项选择
1. B 解析:hope to do sth,不定式作宾语,hope 后接 to do,意为 “希望展示”。
2. C 解析:expect sb. to do sth,不定式作宾补,“期待某人做某事”。
3. B 解析:to do 作目的状语,“来欣赏著名艺术作品”,表来画廊的目的。
4. B 解析:tell sb. not to do sth,不定式否定作宾补,告诉孩子们不要拍照。
5. A 解析:decide to do sth,不定式作宾语,decide 后必须接 to do。
6. A 解析:make 为使役动词,主动语态后面接动词原形,make sb. do。
7. C 解析:in order to do 固定搭配,不定式作目的状语 “为了提高绘画技巧”。
8. B 解析:be allowed to do sth,不定式作主语补足语,“被允许做某事”。
9. B 解析:make 被动语态,必须还原 to;be made to do sth,被迫练习。
10. B 解析:choose to do sth,不定式作宾语,choose to take up 选择开始从事。
11. C 解析:to express 作目的状语,“用不同色彩来表达想法”。
12. B 解析:encourage sb. not to do sth,不定式否定作宾补,鼓励我们不要害怕犯错。
Ⅱ 动词适当形式填空
1. to visit;解析:want to do 不定式作宾语,想要参观博物馆。
2. to feel;解析:expect sb. to do,宾补,期待我们感受传统艺术之美。
3. to study;解析:不定式作目的状语,每周去画廊(目的是)研究古画。
4. not to draw;解析:tell sb. not to do,不定式否定作宾补。
5. to create;解析:hope to do 作宾语,希望创作更多美丽作品。
6. to know;解析:in order to do,目的状语,为了更多了解齐白石。
7. think;解析:make sb. do,主动使役动词后用动词原形。
8. to keep;解析:encourage sb. to do,宾补,鼓励参观者保持安静。
9. to learn;解析:try to do 作宾语,尽力学习书法。
10. to copy;解析:see 用于被动语态,to 要还原,be seen to do。
Ⅲ 判断句子成分
1. O(宾语);解析:plan 动词后面 to‑do 作宾语。
2. OC(宾补);解析:invite 宾语 us 之后,补充说明 us 的动作,宾补。
3. A(状语);解析:to get 表 “为了获得创作灵感”,表目的,目的状语。
4. O(宾语);解析:hope 动词之后 to‑do 作宾语。
5. OC(宾补);解析:tell 宾语 us 之后,补充 us 动作,宾补。
Ⅳ 改错
1. want show → want to show;解析:want 后面接不定式作宾语,want to do sth。
2. made the children to feel → made the children feel;解析:make 主动语态,后面接动词原形,去掉 to。
3. don’t draw → not to draw;解析:tell sb. not to do,不定式否定,不用 don’t。
Ⅴ 短文填空
1. to become;解析:hope to do 作宾语,希望成为年轻艺术家。
2. to get;解析:不定式作目的状语,去博物馆为了获得创作灵感。
3. to keep;解析:encourage sb. to do,宾补,鼓励他们坚持练习。
三、解题小技巧总结
1. 作宾语:动词(hope/want/plan/decide)后面直接接 to do;
2. 作目的状语:翻译可以加上 “为了”;可放句末,in order to do放句首;
3. 作宾语补足语:结构是「动词 + 人 + to do」,否定:sb. not to do;
4. make /see/hear 等:主动省 to,被动还原 to,考试高频陷阱;
5. help sb. (to) do,to 可省略也可保留。
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