Unit4语法讲解及习题_主谓一致（Subject‑verb agreement）2025-2026学年鲁教版英语（五四制）九年级下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语主谓一致核心知识点，系统梳理定义、三大原则（语法一致、就近一致、意义一致）、做题四步法及高频易错提醒，构建从基础概念到实际应用的学习支架。 资料以体育话题例句贴近学生生活，助力语言能力提升，通过四步法培养分析问题的思维品质，多样化习题（单选、填空等）及详细解析辅助课后查漏补缺，有效发展自主学习能力，课中辅助教学，课后强化巩固。

鲁教版英语（五四制）九下Unit4语法讲解及习题: 主谓一致（Subject‑verb agreement） 一、核心概念 （一）定义 主谓一致：句子的谓语动词单复数形式，必须和句子主语在人称、数上保持一致。简单理解：主语为单数，谓语用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 （二）三大核心原则 1. 语法一致原则（看主语语法形式） （1）单数主语、不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数（三单）；复数主语谓语用复数原形。 例句（体育话题）：Tennis requires lots of practice. 网球需要大量练习。 （2）both … and …连接两个并列主语，谓语永远用复数。 例句：Both swimming and running are good for athletes. 游泳和跑步对运动员都有益。 （3）不定代词everyone / everybody / everything / each / neither / nobody / someone作主语，谓语动词一律单数三单。 例句：Everybody is excited about the sports meeting. 每个人都对运动会感到兴奋。 （4）主语后面带with, together with, as well as, except, besides短语时，谓语单复数只看最前面真正的主语，不看 with 后面的人或事物。 例句：The coach as well as his players trains hard every day. 教练和队员们每天刻苦训练。（真正主语 the coach 单数，谓语 trains） 2. 就近一致原则（谓语看离它最近的主语） （1）适用结构： either…or…（要么…… 要么）、neither…nor…（既不…… 也不）、not only…but also…（不仅…… 而且）、there be句型。 口诀：靠近谁，就跟谁。 例句：Either you or your teammate takes part in the relay race. 要么你，要么你的队友参加接力赛。（靠近 your teammate 单数，谓语 takes） There is a basketball match and two running races tomorrow. 明天有一场篮球赛和两场跑步比赛。（靠近 a basketball match 单数，be 动词用 is） 3. 意义一致原则（看主语实际含义，形式与含义不一致） （1）集合名词family, team, class： ①指整体团体、家庭，谓语用单数； ②指团体里面的各个成员，谓语用复数。 例句： My family is a big one.（指家庭整体，单数） My family all love watching ball games.（指家里家庭成员，复数） （2）专有名词the Olympics（奥运会），形式复数，含义复数，谓语必须用复数。 例句：The Winter Olympics take place every four years. 冬奥会每四年举办一次。 （3）each作同位语，不改变主语的单复数。 例句：They each have their own sports dream. 他们每个人都拥有自己的体育梦想。（主语 they 复数，谓语 have） （三）做题四步法 ①找出句子真正主语，排除with/together with等干扰短语； ②判断属于三大原则哪一类：语法一致 / 就近一致 / 意义一致； ③确定主语单复数； ④写出谓语动词正确形式。 （四）高频易错提醒 1. a number of +复数名词意为 “许多”，谓语用复数；the number of +复数名词意为 “…… 的数量”，谓语用单数。 2. 金钱、距离、时间作主语，表示一个整体概念，谓语用单数。 例：Ten minutes is enough for the warm‑up. 十分钟热身足够了。 二、专项练习题 Ⅰ 单项选择 （ ）1. Both kung fu and boxing _____very popular among teenagers. A. is B. are C. was D. be （ ）2. Everybody in our class _____looking forward to the school Sports Day. A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）3. Either you or your brother _____to join the relay team. A. have B. has C. having D. had （ ）4. Neither the coach nor the players _____satisfied with the match result. A. is B. are C. was D. be （ ）5. My family _____all big fans of volleyball. A. is B. are C. was D. be （ ）6. The Winter Olympics _____held every four years. A. is B. are C. was D. be （ ）7. Tom, as well as his teammates, _____hard for the coming competition. A. train B. trains C. training D. are training （ ）8. Each of the athletes _____his own dream for the game. A. have B. has C. having D. had （ ）9. Neither answer _____right for this sports question. A. is B. are C. were D. be （ ）10. There _____a basketball match and two running races tomorrow. A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）11. Not only the girls but also the boy _____good at table‑tennis. A. is B. are C. were D. be （ ）12. They each _____a story about their favourite sports star. A. has B. have C. having D. had Ⅱ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. Tennis____________(require) strength and skill. 2. Both kung fu and boxing____________(be) popular sports among young people. 3. Neither winning nor losing____________(be) everything in the Olympics. 4. Each athlete____________(have) a unique story. 5. Everyone____________(look) forward to the opening ceremony. 6. Ann as well as Jim____________(be) interested in sport‑climbing. 7. Neither of the two sports____________(sound) easy for me. 8. There____________(be) three different types for sport‑climbing. 9. All of them____________(require) lots of hard training. 10. My family____________(watch) sports games together every weekend.（侧重家庭成员） Ⅲ 句型改写 1. Both volleyball and basketball are my favourite sports.（改为否定句，用 neither…nor… 改写） 2. Everybody is excited about the coming sports meeting.（改为一般疑问句） 3. Either you or I take part in the game.（修正谓语动词，按照就近原则改写句子） 4. My family is a small family. My family enjoy watching sports.（合并句子） 5. There is a sports meeting and two ball games next week.（改为一般过去时） Ⅳ 改错，划出错误并改正 1. Neither the team members nor the coach are happy with the score._________________ 2. Everyone in the team are trying their best in the match._________________ 3. Tom together with his friends play basketball every afternoon._________________ Ⅴ 短文填空（ 填动词正确形式） Sport‑climbing 1.____________(be) one of the newest sports in the Olympic Games. It 2.____________(come) from traditional rock‑climbing. Neither speed climbing nor bouldering 3._________________(be) easy. Both of them require plenty of training. 参考答案 Ⅰ 单项选择 1. B 解析：both…and…连接两个主语，谓语永远用复数。 2. A 解析：everybody不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 3. B 解析：either…or…就近原则，靠近 your brother 是单数，谓语用 has。 4. B 解析：neither…nor…就近原则，靠近 players 复数，谓语 are。 5. B 解析：family 指家庭成员，意义一致，谓语用复数。 6. B 解析：the Olympics奥运会，固定复数含义，谓语用复数。 7. B 解析：as well as真正主语是 Tom，单数，谓语 trains。 8. B 解析：each of +复数名词，主语核心是 each，谓语单数 has。 9. A 解析：neither作主语，谓语动词单数 is。 10. A 解析：there be 就近，靠近 a basketball match 单数，be 动词 is。 11. A 解析：not only…but also…就近，靠近 the boy 单数，is。 12. B 解析：each 此处是同位语，真正主语 they 复数，谓语 have。 Ⅱ 动词适当形式填空 1. requires；解析：tennis 是单数运动项目，三单形式。 2. are；解析：both…and…谓语用复数。 3. is；解析：neither…nor 就近，靠近 losing 单数，用 is。 4. has；解析：each 作主语谓语三单 has。 5. looks；解析：everyone 不定代词，谓语三单 looks。 6. is；解析：as well as 真正主语 Ann 单数，be 动词 is。 7. sounds；解析：neither of + 复数名词，谓语单数 sounds。 8. are；解析：there be 就近，three types 复数，are。 9. require；解析：all 指代人，复数主语，谓语原形 require。 10. watch；解析：family 指家里的成员，谓语复数 watch。 Ⅲ 句型改写 1. Neither volleyball nor basketball is my favourite sport. 解析：both…and 否定替换为 neither…nor，就近靠近 basketball 单数，谓语 is。 2. Is everybody excited about the coming sports meeting? 解析：不定代词 everybody 作主语，be 动词 is 提前变一般疑问句。 3. Either you or I take part in the game. 解析：就近原则，靠近主语 I，谓语动词用原形 take，本句谓语形式正确。 4. My family is small and my family enjoy watching sports games together. 解析：前半句 family 指家庭整体，谓语 is；后半句指家庭成员，谓语 enjoy。 5. There was a sports meeting and two ball games last week. 解析：there be 就近原则，靠近 a sports meeting 单数；next week 改为 last week，be 动词用 was。 Ⅳ 改错 1. are → is；解析：neither…nor 就近，靠近 the coach 单数，谓语用 is。 2. are → is；解析：everyone 不定代词作主语，谓语必须单数 is。 3. play → plays；解析：together with 真正主语 Tom 单数，谓语 plays。 Ⅴ 短文填空 1. is；解析：sport‑climbing 是单数运动名称，be 动词 is。 2. comes；解析：it 指代 sport‑climbing，谓语三单 comes。 3. is；解析：neither…nor 就近，靠近 bouldering 单数，谓语 is。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $