Unit1语法讲解及习题_一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态2025-2026学年鲁教版英语（五四制）九年级下册

该初中英语鲁教版（五四制）Unit1语法知识清单系统梳理了主动语态与被动语态核心内容，涵盖两种时态被动结构、主动被动转换方法、by短语用法及易错提醒等知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础概念理解到实际运用的递进式学习支架。 清单采用表格对比呈现一般现在时与一般过去时被动结构，标注“四步法”转换流程及“不及物动词无被动”等易错点，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分单选、填空、句型转换等题型设计习题并附详细解析，如“被动改主动”题明确助动词使用规则，助力不同水平学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂练习或分层辅导，提升教学实效。

鲁教版英语（五四制）Unit1语法讲解及习题: 一、核心概念 1. 主动语态 vs 被动语态 · 主动语态：句子主语是动作的执行者（发出动作） 例：People invent new machines. 人们发明新机器。（people 发出 invent 动作） · 被动语态：句子主语是动作的承受者（接受动作），翻译为 “…… 被……”。 本单元高频场景：介绍发明、物品，常常不知道 / 不需要强调是谁做的，优先用被动语态。 基本公式：主语 + be 动词 + 动词过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者，可省略) 2. 两种时态被动语态完整结构 时态 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 一般现在时被动 am /is/are + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ 一般过去时被动 was /were + 过去分词 was/were + not + 过去分词 Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ be 动词变化规则： 1. 一般现在时：I 用 am；单数 / 不可数名词用 is；复数主语、you 用 are 2. 一般过去时：I / 单数主语用 was；复数主语、you 用 were 3. 过去分词：规则动词直接加‑ed；不规则动词特殊记忆（本单元重点：invent‑invented；send‑sent；find‑found；make‑made）。 例句 1. 一般现在时被动（描述物品现在被使用） A mini‑camera is connected to the glasses. 微型相机被连接在眼镜上。 Many useful inventions are used in our daily life. 很多有用发明被用在我们日常生活。 2. 一般过去时被动（描述过去发明、创造，本单元最高频） Paper was invented by Cai Lun. 纸是由蔡伦发明的。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic in 1901. 一则无线电信息于 1901 年被跨大西洋传送。 3. by 短语用法 by+动作执行者，当需要说出 “被谁做” 的时候加上；不知道执行者直接省略 by 部分。 · 主动：Cai Lun invented paper. · 被动：Paper was invented by Cai Lun. 4. 主动句变被动句四步法 ①把主动句宾语挪到句首，做被动句主语； ②根据新主语的人称、数、时态，选 be 动词； ③谓语动词变为过去分词； ④原主语放 by 后，不重要就删掉。 例：Bell invented the telephone. 第一步宾语 the telephone 变主语；时态一般过去，单数选 was；invent→invented；执行者 Bell 放 by 后。 →The telephone was invented by Bell. 5. 易错提醒 1. 不及物动词（happen, appear, take place, come true）没有被动语态，不能写 be + 过去分词。 ❌An accident was happened. ✅An accident happened. 2. 感官、使役动词 make/see/hear 主动用 do，被动要还原 to： 主动：People make the machine work. 被动：The machine is made to work.（to 不能丢） 二、专项练习题 Ⅰ 单项选择 （ ）1. The telephone _________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented （ ）2. Many new tools _________ by 3‑D printers every day. A. are produced B. produce C. were produced D. produced （ ）3. —When _________ this kind of smart watch _________? —Last year. A. is; invented B. was; invented C. did; invent D. does; invent （ ）4. Lots of useful information _________ on the Internet now. A. are shared B. is shared C. shared D. was shared （ ）5. The ancient silk clothes _________ more than 2000 years ago. A. are made B. made C. were made D. was made （ ）6. This kind of new glue _________ to stick notes. A. is used B. uses C. was used D. used （ ）7. A great number of letters _________ by mail before the radio was invented. A. are sent B. were sent C. sent D. was sent （ ）8. —Who designed this useful invention? —It _________ by a college student. A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed （ ）9. All the waste paper _________ to make new paper every year. A. is collected B. collects C. was collected D. collected （ ）10. The accident _________ last night. A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. happens （ ）11. Children _________ not to play with dangerous inventions. A. are warned B. warn C. were warned D. warned （ ）12. In old times, many messages _________ on bamboo pieces. A. write B. are written C. were written D. wrote Ⅱ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. The word “robot” __________________(introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 2. Thousands of new objects __________________(create) by 3‑D printers nowadays. 3. This special material __________________(use) to make paper long long ago. 4. It is believed that the oldest wheel __________________(find) in Eastern Europe. 5. These machines __________________(not produce) in this factory last year. 6. Many great ideas __________________(need) when people create new inventions. 7. Lots of photos of inventions __________________(take) for the exhibition every month. 8. The first radio message __________________(send) across the Atlantic in 1901. 9. Now high‑speed trains __________________(enjoy) by millions of travellers in China. 10. The bowls for writing brushes __________________(make) from special clay hundreds of years ago. Ⅲ 句型转换（ 主动↔被动转换） 1. People use high‑speed trains widely in China.（改为被动语态） High‑speed trains __________________ __________________ widely in China. 2. Cai Lun invented paper in Eastern Han Dynasty.（改为被动语态） Paper __________________ __________________ __________________ Cai Lun in Eastern Han Dynasty. 3. They built many new tools for the show last month.（改为被动语态） Many new tools __________________ __________________ for the show last month. 4. Was the smart cook invented by a young engineer?（改为主动语态） __________________ a young engineer __________________ the smart cook? 5. People don’t use this old machine any more.（改为被动语态） This old machine __________________ __________________ __________________ any more. Ⅳ 改错，划出错误并改正 1. A new kind of camera was invent last year. ___________________________ 2. Many great inventions are create by common people every year. ___________________________ 3. The accident was happened on a rainy morning. ___________________________ Ⅴ 短文填空 The Qinghai‑Xizang Railway 1.______________(complete) in 2006. It connects Xining to Lhasa. Many creative ideas 2.______________(need) to solve hard problems. Pipes 3.__________________(use) to keep the frozen ground hard. 参考答案 + 详细解析 Ⅰ 单项选择 1. D 解析：in1876 过去时间，telephone 和 invent 被动关系，一般过去时被动 was invented。 2. A 解析：every day 一般现在时；tools 复数，和 produce 被动，are produced。 3. B 解析：答语 last year 过去；watch 单数，be 用 was，invented。 4. B 解析：now 一般现在时；information 不可数名词，is shared。 5. C 解析：2000 years ago 过去；clothes 复数，were made。 6. A 解析：描述现在用途，be used to do “被用来做”，主语 this glue 单数，is used。 7. B 解析：before…was invented 提示过去；letters 复数，were sent。 8. D 解析：物品和 design 被动，已经完成的过去动作，was designed。 9. A 解析：every year 一般现在时；paper 不可数，is collected。 10. B 解析：happen 无被动，直接用过去式 happened。 11. A 解析：描述普遍规定一般现在时；children 复数，are warned。 12. C 解析：in old times 过去；messages 复数，were written。 Ⅱ 动词适当形式填空 1. was introduced 解析：in1920 过去；word 单数，被动。 2. are created 解析：nowadays 一般现在，objects 复数。 3. was used 解析：long long ago 过去；material 单数。 4. was found 解析：wheel 单数，过去被动。 5. were not produced 解析：last year 过去，machines 复数，否定。 6. are needed 解析：描述客观情况，ideas 复数。 7. are taken 解析：every month 一般现在，photos 复数。 8. was sent 解析：in1901 过去，message 单数。 9. are enjoyed 解析：now 一般现在，trains 复数。 10. were made 解析：hundreds of years ago 过去，bowls 复数。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1. are used 2. was invented by 3. were built 4. Did; invent 解析：被动改主动，一般过去时一般疑问句用助动词 did，谓语变回原形。 5. is not used Ⅳ 改错 1. invent → invented 被动结构 be + 过去分词。 2. create → created are 后面接过去分词。 3. was happened → happened happen 不及物动词，无被动，去掉 was。 Ⅴ 短文填空 1. was completed（in2006 过去，单数主语） 2. were needed（ideas 复数，过去被动） 3. were used（pipes 复数，过去被动） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $