摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态,构建“考情-概念-结构-应用”系统化训练体系,通过分层练习提升语言理解与表达能力,培养分析判断思维。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|同步语法复习|考情分析+结构表+示例|被动结构对比(肯定/否定/疑问)、时间标志判断(now/every…vs过去时间)、易错点(无被动动词/使役动词to还原)|从含义(动作承受者)到结构(be+done),再到特殊情况拓展,形成概念-原理-应用链条|
|基础层练习|单选7题+动词填空6题|时态与被动关系辨析、be动词人称单复数适配|针对单选(时态+被动结构)和填空(动词变形)核心考法,巩固基础应用|
|提升层练习|判断6题+中译英6题|不及物动词无被动识别、被动结构纠错(如happen不可被动)|强化易混点判断与主动转被动输出能力|
|拓展层练习|语法填空1篇+书面表达1篇|语篇中时态被动综合运用、高级句式输出(如情态动词被动)|从单句到语篇,提升综合语言运用与思维品质|
内容正文:
Unit 1 Power of Ideas-同步【语法】
Passive voice with simple present and past tenses-复习和练习
【同步语法复习】
1、 语法知识点归纳
(1) 考情分析(全国近 3 年)
1. 考核等级:★★★★★
核心必考语法点
2. 出现概率:
近三年全国各套中考卷出现概率约86%;
3. 分值占比:
语法单选、语法填空、动词填空、短文填空、书面表达综合考察,整套试卷占36 分;
4. 考察形式:
单选辨析时态 + 被动结构(最高频);语法填空给出动词变形;判断正误;书面表达中被动语态高级句式输出;
(2) 被动语态含义
· 被动语态强调动作承受者,主语是动作的接受对象;执行者可用 by + 动作执行者引出,不需要时可以省略。
· 主动句式:主语(动作执行者)+ 谓语 + 宾语
· 被动句式:主语(动作承受者)+ be + 过去分词 (+by sb.)
(3) 两大时态被动结构
时态
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
一般现在时被动
主语 + am /is/are + done
主语 + am/is/are + not + done
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done?
一般过去时被动
主语 + was /were + done
主语 + was/were + not + done
Was/Were + 主语 + done?
· 拓展重点
1. be 动词
· 随时态、人称、单复数变化,后面动词必须用过去分词 done。
2. by后接动作执行者
· 书面写作常用,口语经常省略。
3. 无被动动词:
· happen、take place、appear、last 等不及物动词 / 短语,永远没有被动语态,只能主动形式。
4. 使役动词感官动词:
· 主动语态make/see/watch sb do省略 to;
· 被动语态必须还原 to:be made to do /be seen to do。
5. 时态时间标志判断:
· now/every/usually →一般现在时被动
· in+过去年份、yesterday、last、…ago →一般过去时被动。
6. 易混提醒:
· be+done不一定都是被动,部分是系表结构(描述主语状态)。
(4) 句式转换示例
· 主动:People make many things.
被动:Many things are made by people.(一般现在时被动)
· 主动:Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
被动:The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.(一般过去时被动)
2、 课本习题答案、句意、解析
(1) 课本习题4a
答案:
1. 圈is connected
2. 圈are added
3. 圈can be made
4. 圈was sent
句意:
1. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜的前部。
2. 油和盐也由机器本身添加。
3. 玩具、椅子、桌子甚至房屋都可以由 3D 打印机制造。
4. 1901 年,一条无线电信息首次被跨大西洋发送。
解析:
be+过去分词是被动语态基础标志;第 3 句含情态动词 can,情态动词被动结构为can + be + done,be 保持原形不变。
(2) 课本习题4b
1. was invented
句意:电话于 1876 年由亚历山大・贝尔发明。
解析:时间in 1876为明确过去时间;主语 the telephone 为单数,电话是 “被发明”,一般过去时被动结构 was + 过去分词。
2. are connected
句意:全世界的人们通过互联网互相联系。
解析:描述客观普遍事实,使用一般现在时;主语 people 为复数,人们是 “被网络联系在一起”,一般现在时被动 are + 过去分词。
3. was introduced
句意:“机器人” 这个单词于 1920 年在一部戏剧中首次被引入。
解析:in 1920过去时间;主语 the word 单数,单词是 “被引入”,was + 过去分词。
4. was pressed
句意:按下按钮启动机器时,本不该发出这么大的噪音。
解析:主句wasn’t supposed为过去时态;button 按钮是动作承受者 “被按下”,单数主语,一般过去时被动 was pressed。
5. was found
句意:人们认为世界上最古老的轮子在东欧被发现。
解析:轮子被发现这件事发生在过去;主语 the world’s oldest wheel 单数,was + 过去分词。
(3) 本课习题4c
1. connects
句意:它连接西宁和拉萨,长达 1956 千米,是世界上海拔最高的铁路。 解析:主语 It 指代青藏铁路,描述客观事实,本句为主动语态;一般现在时,主语三单,故填 connects。
2. were needed
句意:创造性的想法被需要,用来解决各种各样的难题。
解析:ideas 想法是动作承受者 “被需要”,讲述修建铁路的过去事件,复数主语,一般过去时被动 were needed。
3. were used
句意:夏天,冻土层表层会融化变软无法施工,所以管道被用来保持地面坚硬。
解析:pipes 管道 “被使用”,修建铁路属于过去,复数主语,were used。
4. be created
句意:在部分地区无法在冻土上修建铁路,所以隧道不得不被开凿。
解析:固定结构have to / had to + be done(不得不被……),had to 后接 be 动词原形。
5. were built
句意:在另外一些地方,桥梁被搭建起来让铁路高于地面。
解析:bridges 桥梁 “被建造”,修建发生在过去,复数主语,were built。
6. allow
句意:这些桥梁对动物友好,允许动物从轨道下方通行。
解析:and 并列谓语,主语 these bridges,表达主动含义,一般现在时,动词原形 allow。
7. increased
句意:作为一项重要成功的工程,这条铁路促进了当地旅游业与经济发展。 解析:has + 过去分词构成现在完成时主动语态,increase 过去分词 increased。
8. (to) improve
句意:修建铁路学到的经验,将助力改善世界其他相似地区的交通。
解析:固定搭配 help (to) do sth,to 可以省略,后接动词原形 improve。
【同步语法练习】
——基础层——
1、 单项选择
1. (2025・天津中考) —Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners today.
—Yes, it’s really popular.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken
2. (2024・江苏中考) —How is the new historical novel?
—Wonderful! It ________ by a famous writer and it describes old local life truly.
A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. was written
3. —Why does the community park stay so clean all the time?
—Because all the waste ________ away by volunteers every single day.
A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken
4. —Have you seen this ancient gold cup?
—It ________ in a small village in the 1960s.
A. made B. is made C. was made D. makes
5. —Can this advanced machine finish difficult work alone?
—Sure. Hard tasks ________ by it without human workers in modern factories.
A. can do B. can be done C. is doing D. was done
6. —What will happen to these old magazines?
—They ________ to mountainarea schools as gifts every year.
A. send B. are sent C. sent D. were sent
7. —Who created this great papermaking skill?
—Papermaking ________ by Cai Lun over two thousand years ago.
A. is invented B. was invented C. invents D. invented
2、 动词适当形式填空
1. Many ancient folk arts ________ (pass) down by local artists year after year.
2. This special kind of silk ________ (produce) in southern China centuries ago.
3. All the postcards ________ (collect) before 4 p.m. each working day.
4. The earliest realpaper book ________ (create) in China more than 1400 years ago.
5. Handmade souvenirs ________ (give) to visitors as small prizes in this museum every day.
6. The first public photo message ________ (send) in 1843.
——提升层——
1、 判断正误(T/F,错误写出改正后句子)
1. The car accident was happened on a rainy winter morning.
2. These wonderful clay art works are shaped by local artists every year.
3. This traditional game was invent hundreds of years ago.
4. Plenty of fruit trees are plant in the mountain area every spring.
5. This worldfamous piece of music was composed by a young musician in 2023.
6. Amazing scientific changes were taken place in our country.
2、 中译英
1. 许多珍贵的非遗作品被青少年们欣赏。
2. 这座气势恢宏的古塔楼于 300 多年前被修建。
3. 每天大量可回收材料被合理地再次利用。
4. 这部纪实短片两年前被一群青年创作者拍摄。
5. 各类民俗活动每年都被当地居民盛大举办。
6. 古老的民间故事可以被用现代短视频方式讲述。
——拓展层——
1、 语法填空
阅读短文,用括号内动词的正确形式完成短文。
The skill of papercutting is one of the most valuable folk treasures in China. It 1.________ (love) by Chinese people for more than 1500 years. In ancient times, simple papercut works 2.________ (make) for festivals and big celebrations. Bright red paper 3.________ (choose) most often, because red stands for happiness and good wishes. Different patterns such as flowers, animals and historical characters 4.________ (create) to show people’s best hopes for life. In the old days, papercutting 5.________ (teach) mostly among family members. Few public courses could be found. However, great changes have taken place in recent years. Now papercutting lessons 6.________ (offer) in many art schools and community centres. Young learners are encouraged to learn this ancient skill. Some excellent works are shown in national museums. They are also spread online so that more people from home and abroad can enjoy the beauty of this traditional art. More creative modern styles are developed, and this old art form is getting new life in the modern world.
2、 书面表达
假如英语校刊正在开展传统文化主题征文,请你以 The Charm of Our Porcelain Art 为题写一篇英语短文投稿。 要点提示:
1. 瓷器是享誉世界的中国传统艺术;
2. 优质黏土被选用,瓷器全部手工制作;
3. 美丽图案被画在瓷器表面;
4. 很多精美瓷器被送往海外,世界人民喜爱中国瓷器。
要求:
1. 词数:80120 词;
2. 短文必须包含全部提示要点,可适当发挥;
3. 至少使用两处被动语态;
4. 语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范;
5. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名等个人信息。
参考答案和解析
——基础层——
一、 单项选择
1. 答案:C
句意:—— 如今汉语被越来越多外国人使用。—— 是的,它非常受欢迎。
解析:主语 Chinese 和 speak 是被动关系;today标志一般现在时;语言作主语视为单数,使用一般现在时被动 is spoken。
2. 答案:D
句意:—— 这本新历史小说怎么样?—— 非常棒!它由一位知名作家写成,真实描绘旧时本土生活。
解析:小说是 “被写”,写书这个动作发生在过去;主语 it 单数,一般过去时被动 was written。
3. 答案:C
句意:—— 为什么社区公园一直这么干净?—— 因为所有垃圾每天都被志愿者清理带走。
解析:every single day 为一般现在时标志;waste 不可数名词,垃圾 “被带走”,一般现在时被动 is taken。
4. 答案:C
句意:—— 你见过这个古老金杯吗?—— 它是二十世纪六十年代在一座小村庄被制作出来的。
解析:in the 1960s过去时间;it 指代 gold cup,金杯 “被制造”,单数主语,一般过去时被动 was made。
5. 答案:B
句意:—— 这台先进机器可以独立完成困难工作吗?—— 当然,在现代化工厂里,繁重任务可以无需人工由它完成。
解析:tasks 和 do 构成被动;有情态动词 can,情态动词被动结构can be done。
6. 答案:B
句意:—— 这些旧杂志会如何处理?—— 它们每年作为礼物被送往山区学校。
解析:every year 一般现在时;they 指代 magazines 复数,杂志 “被寄送”,are sent。
7. 答案:B
句意:—— 是谁创造了这项伟大造纸技术?—— 造纸术两千多年前由蔡伦发明。
解析:over two thousand years ago过去时间;paper making 不可数概念,“被发明”,was invented。
二、 动词适当形式填空
1. 答案:are passed
句意:许多古老民间艺术年复一年被当地艺人传承。
解析:year after year 一般现在时;arts 复数,技艺 “被传承”,一般现在时被动 are passed。
2. 答案:was produced
句意:这种特殊丝绸数百年前在中国南方被生产。
解析:centuries ago 过去时间;silk 不可数,丝绸 “被生产”,was produced。
3. 答案:are collected
句意:每个工作日下午四点之前,所有明信片都会被收集。
解析:each working day 一般现在时;postcards 复数,明信片 “被收集”,are collected。
4. 答案:was created
句意:世界最早的纸质书籍一千四百多年前在中国被创造出来。
解析:more than 1400 years ago过去时间;book 单数,书籍 “被创制”,was created。
5. 答案:are given
句意:在这座博物馆,手工纪念品每天作为小奖品赠送给参观者。
解析:every day 一般现在时;souvenirs 复数,纪念品 “被赠送”,are given。
6. 答案:was sent
句意:第一条公开图片信息在 1843 年被发送。
解析:in 1843过去时间;message 单数,信息 “被发送”,was sent。
——提升层——
一、 判断正误(T/F,错误写出改正后句子)
1. 答案:F
改为 The car accident happened on a rainy winter morning.
句意:这起车祸发生在一个下雨的冬日早晨。
解析:happen 属于不及物动词,无被动语态,只使用主动形式;过去式 happened。
2. 答案:T
句意:这些精美的泥塑艺术品每年都由当地艺人塑形制作。
解析:every year 一般现在时;works 复数,作品 “被塑形”,are shaped 一般现在时被动,结构完全正确。
3. 答案:F
改为 This traditional game was invented hundreds of years ago.
句意:这项传统游戏数百年前被发明。
解析:hundreds of years ago 过去时间,被动结构was + 过去分词;invent 过去分词为 invented。
4. 答案:F
改为 Plenty of fruit trees are planted in the mountain area every spring.
句意:山区每年春天栽种大量果树。
解析:every spring 一般现在时被动,be 后面必须接动词过去分词;plant 过去分词 planted。
5. 答案:T
句意:这首世界闻名的乐曲 2023 年由一位年轻音乐家谱写。
解析:in 2023 过去时间;music 单数,乐曲 “被谱写”,was composed 一般过去时被动,语法无误。
6. 答案:F
改为 Amazing scientific changes took place in our country.
句意:我国发生了令人惊叹的科技变革。
解析:take place 是不及物动词短语,不存在被动语态,使用主动过去式 took place。
二、 中译英
1. 答案:Many precious intangible cultural heritage works are admired by teenagers.
解析:描述客观现状,一般现在时;works 复数,作品 “被欣赏”,are admired;by 引出动作执行者 teenagers。
2. 答案:The magnificent ancient tower was built more than 300 years ago.
解析:more than 300 years ago过去时间;tower 单数,塔楼 “被建造”,一般过去时被动 was built。
3. 答案:Plenty of recyclable materials are reused properly every day.
解析:every day 一般现在时;materials 复数,材料 “被再利用”,are reused。
4. 答案:This documentary short film was shot by a group of young creators two years ago.
解析:two years ago过去时间;film 单数,影片 “被拍摄”,was shot;by 引出执行者。
5. 答案:All kinds of folk activities are held grandly by local residents every year.
解析:every year 一般现在时;activities 复数,活动 “被举办”,are held。
6. 答案:Ancient folk stories can be told in the form of modern short videos.
解析:有情态动词 can,情态动词被动can be told;in the form of 固定短语 “以…… 形式”。
——拓展层——
一、 语法填空
1. has been loved
句意:一千五百多年以来,剪纸这项技艺一直深受中国人喜爱。
解析:for more than 1500 years现在完成时时间标志;it 指代 paper cutting,技艺 “被喜爱”,现在完成时被动 has been loved。
2. were made
句意:在古代,简易剪纸作品为节日与重大庆典而制作。
解析:In ancient times 过去时间;works 复数,作品 “被制作”,一般过去时被动 were made。
3. was chosen
句意:鲜红色纸张最常被选用,因为红色代表幸福与美好祝愿。
解析:讲述古代情况,过去时态;paper 不可数,纸张 “被选择”,was chosen。
4. were created
句意:花朵、动物、历史人物等各式各样图案被创作出来,寄托人们对生活美好的期盼。
解析:古代背景;patterns 复数,图案 “被创作”,were created。
5. was taught
句意:过去,剪纸大多在家庭成员之间传授。
解析:In the old days 过去时间;paper cutting 单数概念,技艺 “被教授”,was taught。
6. are offered
句意:如今,很多艺术学校与社区中心开设剪纸课程。
解析:now 一般现在时;lessons 复数,课程 “被提供 / 开设”,一般现在时被动 are offered。
二、 书面表达
参考范文
The Charm of Our Porcelain Art
The Charm of Our Porcelain Art Porcelain is one of the most well known traditional arts all over China. Good clay is carefully chosen by craftsmen before production. Most fine porcelain pieces are made by hand instead of machines. Beautiful patterns of flowers, birds and mountains are painted on the surface of porcelain. Lots of excellent works are sent to foreign countries every year. They are warmly loved by people from different parts of the world. We are proud of our porcelain culture, and we hope this wonderful art will be passed down to more young people.
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