精品解析：湖南长沙市岳麓实验中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学英语试题

2027届高三开学检测 英语 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的班级、姓名、考号等信息 2. 请将正确答案填写在答题卡上 一、听力(共20小题,共30分) 1. What will Jack probably do this weekend? A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film. 2. What does the woman think of the ski area? A. It’s a bit crowded. B. It has poor snow. C. It’s too far away. 3. What is Kate doing? A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off. 4. Who is the man? A. A business client. B. A job applicant. C. A new staff member. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a grocery store. (共2小题，每小题1. 5分，满分3分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the man recommend to the woman? A. A novel. B. A job position. C. A TV program. 7. How does the woman sound at the end of the conversation? A. Humorous. B. Interested. C. Disappointed. (共2小题，每小题1. 5分，满分3分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. Where did the man meet Emma? A. In Japan. B. In Finland. C. In the USA． 9. What can we learn from the conversation? A. The woman speaker is from Japan. B. The man experienced culture shock. C. The man made eye contact with Emma. (共3小题，每小题1. 5分，满分4. 5分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. What is the book Kevin mainly about? A. A magic world. B. A boy’s growth. C. A penguin’s adventure. 11. Which book is about a family story? A. Blown Away. B. Jones’ Peanuts. C. The Last Wolf. 12. What can we say about the last book the man mentioned? A. It’s adventurous. B. It’s educational. C. It’s animal-centered. (共4小题，每小题1. 5分，满分6分) 听下面的录音，回答以下小题。 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Scientist and assistant. C. Teacher and student. 14. What is the man reading? A. A project report. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine. 15. At which stage was the rice polluted? A. During transportation. B. During processing. C. During growth. 16. What does the new technology help do? A. Clean the polluted water. B. Monitor the soil condition. C. Remove heavy metals from the rice. (共4小题，每小题1. 5分，满分6分) 听下面的录音，回答以下小题。 17. Who are the main creators of Chinese paper-cutting? A. Public officials. B. Common people. C. Professional artists. 18. When did Chinese paper-cutting originate? A. About 500 years ago. B. About 1,000 years ago. C. About 1,500 years ago. 19. What happened to Chinese paper-cutting in 2006? A. It is exhibited in the museum. B. It won a higher official status. C. It started being taught at school. 20. What does the man try to do in the end? A. Extend an invitation. B. Give a suggestion. C. Express a regret. 二、阅读理解(共20小题,共50分) (共3小题，每小题2. 5分，满分7. 5分) Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity. Xi’an: The Eternal Capital Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang. As the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, Xi’an blossomed into one of the world’s first truly metropolitan cities. It safeguards the world-renowned Terracotta Army and the well-preserved Ming Dynasty city wall, earning Xi’an the title of a “Living History Museum.” Luoyang: The Sacred Center Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. It flourished as the capital during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, and notably under Empress Wu Zetian, China’s only female emperor. Its profound spiritual significance is carved into the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The White Horse Temple, traditionally recognized as China’s first Buddhist temple, marks the arrival of Buddhism into Chinese culture. Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China. Its strategic location made it a recurring choice for establishing regional dominance. The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history. Landmarks like the grand Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the colossal Ming Dynasty city wall, and the solemn memorials to its tragic past collectively narrate the story of this resilient “City of Memories.” Beijing: The Imperial Capital Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today. It is the definite imperial city, home to the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex, the Forbidden City. The majestic layouts of the Temple of Heaven and the ethereal beauty of the Summer Palace, alongside the imposing Great Wall nearby, reflect the enduring “Mandate of Heaven” philosophy. Evolving from a northern frontier town into a sprawling metropolis, Beijing seamlessly blends ancient imperial grandeur with vibrant modernity. 1. What do the four ancient capitals mentioned in the text have in common? A. They all served as capitals during the Tang Dynasty. B. They are all home to UNESCO World Heritage sites. C. They all have well-preserved ancient city walls. D. They all served as political centers for multiple dynasties. 2. What is special about Nanjing according to the text? A. It was once the eastern starting point of the Silk Road. B. It is known as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. C. Its history reflects a pattern of destruction and reconstruction. D. It has the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A personal travel journal. B. A historical research paper. C. A cultural tourism website. D. A modern city planning report. (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves. But why do we change from naturally curious children into selective information avoiders? A 2025 study titled “Becoming an Ostrich” explored this. Researchers had children aged 5 to 10 play a game where researchers designed two candy distribution schemes (方案): equal shares for each, or one large share and one small share. Most children chose the latter and claimed the large share. Then, researchers asked whether they would like to know how many candies were left for their partner. The result was interesting. Younger children showed strong curiosity, actively seeking their partner’s information. The older children, however, increasingly chose to avoid it. Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty. They note that adults routinely employ the same approach in various real-life situations. Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.” It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years. 4. How does the author introduce “information avoidance” in Paragraph 1? A. By using a metaphor. B. By offering statistics. C. By showing an argument. D. By giving an example. 5. Why did the older children avoid their partner’s information? A. To maintain a nice self-image. B. To safeguard others’ interests. C. To sustain their sense of guilt. D. To obey the rules of the game. 6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The consequences of avoidance actions. B. The ways of forming thinking patterns. C. The reasons of ignoring opposing views. D. The health costs of our avoidance habits. 7. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Does avoidance bring true happiness? B. Should we bury our heads like an ostrich? C. Can we shape our childhood curiosity? D. Is avoidance a path to greater curiosity? (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) Shaped like a soup can with a rounded body, the robot stands on a wearer’s shoulder like a parrot. It can speak fluent Anishinaabemowin, an Indigenous (土著的) language spoken by the Anishinaabe nation of North America. Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the “Skobot” to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages. By enabling young speakers to practice with an engaging partner, she aims to keep these languages alive despite the growing dominance of English. New AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we approach language preservation. Most AI translation systems require vast training data for accuracy, and models for high-resource languages like English and Spanish are typically trained on millions of parallel sentence pairs. However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods. To address this, Jared Coleman, a computer scientist at Loyola Marymount University, developed a tool that instructs a large language model in the grammar and vocabulary of a target language, ensuring grammatical accuracy in the output sentences. Since different communities have different cultural traditions, training AI models on material in Indigenous languages, particularly ancestral stories and folk tales, can lead to unintended consequences. As Coleman explained, certain stories are traditionally told only during the wintertime in his community. “How do you maintain that tradition if it’s available online?” he says. In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information. Indigenous researchers are undertaking AI language preservation initiatives to promote greater accessibility and diversity at the forefront of technological innovation. As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization (复兴) by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages. 8. Why was “Skobot” created? A. To provide real-time language translation. B. To assist in learning endangered languages. C. To help Indigenous people acquire new languages. D. To improve the efficiency of practicing oral English. 9. What makes Indigenous languages difficult for AI translation systems to deal with? A. Limited vocabulary. B. Insufficient training data. C. Complex grammatical rules. D. Considerable regional differences. 10. What is a problem of AI models in handling Indigenous stories according to Coleman? A. They dismiss important details. B. They confuse historical timelines. C. They misinterpret traditional customs. D. They fail to fully grasp cultural contexts. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The significance of AI in language preservation. B. The key role of AI in promoting global languages. C. The impact of communication on community culture. D. Indigenous researchers’ efforts to revitalize languages. (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling. Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation’s electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application. Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling. “Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. “This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once.” Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes. “This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles,” Li added. “By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry.” He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs. 12. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems? A. They transfer heat poorly. B. They produce harmful gases. C. They fail at high temperature. D. They use too much electricity. 13. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method? A. Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants. B. Increasing pressure inside traditional systems. C. Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow. D. Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer. 14. Why does the author mention the “impossible triangle” in the text? A. To highlight the value of the new system. B. To illustrate the design of the new system. C. To explain why old systems are still in use. D. To show the limitations of previous systems. 15. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology? A. Preserving food in supply chains. B. Replacing traditional home refrigerators. C. Cooling future AI data centers. D. Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles. (共5小题，每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) A few days before, I tried clearing out some old schoolbooks. Deep down, I knew I would never read them again. Yet I realized with myself that maybe they would be helpful someday. ____16____ I am probably not alone in this: this struggle is a phenomenon known as the “Endowment Effect (禀赋效应)”. Psychologists who demonstrated the effect found that people demanded a much higher price to sell a bottle of wine they owned than they were willing to pay to buy that same bottle. ____17____ It explains why we are so unwilling to give something up once we own it. Why does this happen? At first, researchers thought it was a classic case of “loss aversion”, where the pain of losing something feels twice as strong as the pleasure of gaining it. ____18____ Psychologists conclude that we value something more simply because it is ours. We project our identity onto the object, making it painful to move on. Fortunately, there is an effective counteraction: shifting your perspective from an “owner” to a “buyer”. When you are hesitating to throw something away, ask yourself: “How much would I pay to buy this from others now?” ____19____ If that is the case, it is a clear sign you value the item not for its usefulness, but simply for the endowment effect. ____20____ Besides turning our homes into storage units for the past, it makes us mentally trapped in them as well. Recognizing this is the first step toward the liberation of living with less. Make space for what truly matters. A. It just feels right to keep them. B. More often than not, the answer is “nothing”. C. Thus, a price gap exists between buyers and sellers. D. The cost of ownership is often far greater than we think. E. We often mistakenly believe these items define who we are. F. That sounds logical, but the real reason is the sense of ownership itself. G. The inconsistency reveals we overvalue things just because we possess them. 三、完形填空(共15小题,共15分) (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) Seventeen-year-old sprinter (短跑运动员) Chen Yujie is a rising star in Chinese athletics. Last November, she experienced one of the slowest yet most meaningful ____21____ of her life — as a torchbearer in Greece. “Everyday competitions are about speed and efficiency; the torch relay is more about ____22____ a spirit,” she reflected. This experience brought her a step closer to her Olympic ____23____. Chen made headlines at last year’s National Games, where she ____24____ gold in both the women’s 100m and 200m, becoming the youngest double sprint champion in the event’s history. Despite her ____25____ fame, she remains grounded. “Most pressure is in your own mind,” she says, trying to ____26____ races with a lighter mindset. She’s been ____27____ by her school, which created a personalized tutoring program to keep her up to date during frequent travels. Her teachers and classmates cheer for her ____28____, making her their pride. On the track, Chen continually ____29____ her technique. Mastering a single movement is easy, but linking many into a smooth whole is a ______30______. “I have to go over it repeatedly to find the right feel,” she explained. This ______31______ process is made possible by her family’s support. Her parents, both former athletes, never ______32______ her into sports but encouraged her interests. Chen’s ______33______ was clear when she won her first national title, defeating Olympic athletes in the 100m final. At the 15th National Games, Chen shone, breaking the women’s U20 Asian record in the 100m and a National Games record. Looking ahead, Chen’s eyes are fixed on the future. “I haven’t set ______34______ for myself — I just keep running forward,” she said. For this young star, every ______35______ is one in which she can run, continuously striving to go as far as possible. 21. A. shows B. trials C. journeys D. runs 22. A. building up B. competing for C. passing on D. holding onto 23. A. rank B. standard C. dream D. event 24. A. pursued B. defended C. claimed D. missed 25. A. newfound B. lasting C. temporary D. imaginary 26. A. analyse B. approach C. predict D. extend 27. A. funded B. supported C. attended D. coached 28. A. calmly B. silently C. anxiously D. enthusiastically 29. A. repeats B. improves C. simplifies D. employs 30. A. challenge B. routine C. opportunity D. mystery 31. A. minor B. short C. conventional D. demanding 32. A. pressured B. guided C. followed D. invited 33. A. luck B. talent C. courage D. potential 34. A. goals B. examples C. limits D. rules 35. A. direction B. promise C. victory D. ambition 四、语法填空(共10小题,共15分) (共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The elephant-foot drum dance is one of the most popular and representative traditional dances of the Dai people. In 2008, it ____36____ (recognize) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item. ____37____ (traditional), the elephant-foot drum dance is performed by men. As ____38____ (it) dance steps came from traditional Dai martial arts, anyone wishing to learn this art must first study martial arts. Otherwise, they may lack physical ____39____ (strong) and flexibility to perform the dance. The dance is physically____40____ (challenge) for beginners, as it requires them____41____ (carry) a drum, maintain good balance, and keep up with the rhythm. During a performance, dancers carry the drum on their left shoulder, with the drumhead facing forward ____42____ the end pointing backward. The elephant-foot drum, ____43____is named for a resemblance (相像) to an elephant’s foot, is a well-known musical instrument of the Dai people. Dancers’ right hands strike the drum with fists, palms, and fingertips, while the left hands support the action. Because the drum is long, most dance ____44____ (movement) are performed with the dancers’ legs, such as squatting (蹲), lifting one leg, and kicking. Whether the dancers strictly follow Dai traditions or create new forms of cultural expression, generations of Dai elephant-foot drum dancers continue to pass on this traditional art _____45_____ their own ways. 五、应用文写作(共1小题,共15分) 46. 假定你是李华，学校英语沙龙邀请你做一次关于“高效沟通”的简短分享。请你写一篇演讲稿，结合自己在小组合作或日常交往中的体会，介绍三个有效的沟通技巧(如了解沟通对象、善用肢体语言、学会换位共情)。 注意： 1.词数80左右; 2.行文连贯，可适当补充细节; 3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear classmates, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、读后续写(共1小题,共25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Two months ago, I was riding home to our farm near Beltrami, Minnesota, in our Ford with my mom, dad, brother and two sisters. We had just been to a movie at the Fox Theatre and were dressed in mild winter clothes for the family outing in the cold winter. On the way home my dad stopped to help a stranger whose car had got stuck on the snow-covered railroad tracks. My father and the man couldn’t move the car, so my father told us to get out and help. We pushed the stranger’s car back into the road so he could get his automobile running again. As we approached a farm, a roaring (咆哮的) wall of snow from the northwest caused my dad to slow the car down. The intensity of the snow increased every moment until Dad could no longer drive the car and pulled the blue Ford over to the side of the road. About an hour had passed when the Ford’s engine died from exhaust pipe (排气管) blockage and the temperature dropped inside the car to -20℃. The wind was blowing hard, so my parents told us to stay in the car. We all were scared to death. My parents looked at each other and we could sense the seriousness of the situation. My feet stung (刺痛) as the cold air bit through my ankles, so I sat on my feet to keep them warm. The total darkness outside made me sad. As the night progressed my mother said prayers, told stories, and worked very hard to keep us all awake. My dad was strong but his courage was tested; there was a point when he started singing. I had never heard my dad sing but the seriousness in his voice only made me wonder if I would be found frozen or alive. Somehow we all made it through our fears and doubts until the morning’s light. As the sun rose my dad knew he had to go for help. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dad struggled through the deep snow before reaching a farmhouse. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hours later, we saw a snow-clearing truck come by to clear the road. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高三开学检测 英语 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的班级、姓名、考号等信息 2. 请将正确答案填写在答题卡上 一、听力(共20小题,共30分) 1. What will Jack probably do this weekend? A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film. 2. What does the woman think of the ski area? A. It’s a bit crowded. B. It has poor snow. C. It’s too far away. 3. What is Kate doing? A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off. 4. Who is the man? A. A business client. B. A job applicant. C. A new staff member. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a grocery store. (共2小题，每小题1. 5分，满分3分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the man recommend to the woman? A. A novel. B. A job position. C. A TV program. 7. How does the woman sound at the end of the conversation? A. Humorous. B. Interested. C. Disappointed. (共2小题，每小题1. 5分，满分3分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. Where did the man meet Emma? A. In Japan. B. In Finland. C. In the USA． 9. What can we learn from the conversation? A. The woman speaker is from Japan. B. The man experienced culture shock. C. The man made eye contact with Emma. (共3小题，每小题1. 5分，满分4. 5分) 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. What is the book Kevin mainly about? A. A magic world. B. A boy’s growth. C. A penguin’s adventure. 11. Which book is about a family story? A. Blown Away. B. Jones’ Peanuts. C. The Last Wolf. 12. What can we say about the last book the man mentioned? A. It’s adventurous. B. It’s educational. C. It’s animal-centered. (共4小题，每小题1. 5分，满分6分) 听下面的录音，回答以下小题。 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Scientist and assistant. C. Teacher and student. 14. What is the man reading? A. A project report. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine. 15. At which stage was the rice polluted? A. During transportation. B. During processing. C. During growth. 16. What does the new technology help do? A. Clean the polluted water. B. Monitor the soil condition. C. Remove heavy metals from the rice. (共4小题，每小题1. 5分，满分6分) 听下面的录音，回答以下小题。 17. Who are the main creators of Chinese paper-cutting? A. Public officials. B. Common people. C. Professional artists. 18. When did Chinese paper-cutting originate? A. About 500 years ago. B. About 1,000 years ago. C. About 1,500 years ago. 19. What happened to Chinese paper-cutting in 2006? A. It is exhibited in the museum. B. It won a higher official status. C. It started being taught at school. 20. What does the man try to do in the end? A. Extend an invitation. B. Give a suggestion. C. Express a regret. 二、阅读理解(共20小题,共50分) (共3小题，每小题2. 5分，满分7. 5分) Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity. Xi’an: The Eternal Capital Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang. As the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, Xi’an blossomed into one of the world’s first truly metropolitan cities. It safeguards the world-renowned Terracotta Army and the well-preserved Ming Dynasty city wall, earning Xi’an the title of a “Living History Museum.” Luoyang: The Sacred Center Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. It flourished as the capital during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, and notably under Empress Wu Zetian, China’s only female emperor. Its profound spiritual significance is carved into the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The White Horse Temple, traditionally recognized as China’s first Buddhist temple, marks the arrival of Buddhism into Chinese culture. Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China. Its strategic location made it a recurring choice for establishing regional dominance. The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history. Landmarks like the grand Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the colossal Ming Dynasty city wall, and the solemn memorials to its tragic past collectively narrate the story of this resilient “City of Memories.” Beijing: The Imperial Capital Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today. It is the definite imperial city, home to the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex, the Forbidden City. The majestic layouts of the Temple of Heaven and the ethereal beauty of the Summer Palace, alongside the imposing Great Wall nearby, reflect the enduring “Mandate of Heaven” philosophy. Evolving from a northern frontier town into a sprawling metropolis, Beijing seamlessly blends ancient imperial grandeur with vibrant modernity. 1. What do the four ancient capitals mentioned in the text have in common? A. They all served as capitals during the Tang Dynasty. B. They are all home to UNESCO World Heritage sites. C. They all have well-preserved ancient city walls. D. They all served as political centers for multiple dynasties. 2. What is special about Nanjing according to the text? A. It was once the eastern starting point of the Silk Road. B. It is known as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. C. Its history reflects a pattern of destruction and reconstruction. D. It has the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A personal travel journal. B. A historical research paper. C. A cultural tourism website. D. A modern city planning report. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国四大古都——西安、洛阳、南京、北京的历史地位、文化特色及其在中华文明发展中的独特意义。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Xi’an: The Eternal Capital部分“Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang.(西安，古称长安，曾为十三个朝代的都城，包括秦、西汉和唐朝。)”、Luoyang: The Sacred Center部分“Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization.(洛阳同样曾为十三个朝代的都城，被尊崇为中华文明的精神腹地。)”、Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience部分“Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China.(南京，意为“南方的都城”，曾为十个朝代的权力中心，包括明朝初期和中华民国。)”和Beijing: The Imperial Capital部分“Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today.(北京是元、明、清三朝的都城，作为中国的政治中心已有超过850年的历史，并且至今仍延续着这一角色。)”可知，它们的共同点是都曾作为多个朝代的都城，即政治中心。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience部分“The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history.(这座城市的历史是一部由荣耀、毁灭与重生构成的悲怆叙事，体现了中国历史治乱循环的规律。)”可知，南京这座城市的历史是一段关于荣耀、毁灭和重生的叙述。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity.(理解中国，需要探索其古代都城——这些文明的命脉所在。在这些城市里，王朝兴衰更迭，文化交融碰撞，共同塑造了中国绵延不绝的国家认同。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国的四个历史古城，旨在向读者介绍这些文化遗址，故可推知文章来自文化旅游网站。故选C。 (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves. But why do we change from naturally curious children into selective information avoiders? A 2025 study titled “Becoming an Ostrich” explored this. Researchers had children aged 5 to 10 play a game where researchers designed two candy distribution schemes (方案): equal shares for each, or one large share and one small share. Most children chose the latter and claimed the large share. Then, researchers asked whether they would like to know how many candies were left for their partner. The result was interesting. Younger children showed strong curiosity, actively seeking their partner’s information. The older children, however, increasingly chose to avoid it. Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty. They note that adults routinely employ the same approach in various real-life situations. Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.” It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years. 4. How does the author introduce “information avoidance” in Paragraph 1? A. By using a metaphor. B. By offering statistics. C. By showing an argument. D. By giving an example. 5. Why did the older children avoid their partner’s information? A. To maintain a nice self-image. B. To safeguard others’ interests. C. To sustain their sense of guilt. D. To obey the rules of the game. 6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The consequences of avoidance actions. B. The ways of forming thinking patterns. C. The reasons of ignoring opposing views. D. The health costs of our avoidance habits. 7. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Does avoidance bring true happiness? B. Should we bury our heads like an ostrich? C. Can we shape our childhood curiosity? D. Is avoidance a path to greater curiosity? 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过鸵鸟的比喻引出“信息回避”这一概念，通过一项研究探讨了人们为何从好奇的孩子变成选择性回避信息的人，并分析了信息回避的原因、后果，最后呼吁人们重新找回早年勇敢的好奇心。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves.(我们都听说过，当危险来临时，鸵鸟会把头埋在沙子里。虽然这对鸵鸟来说是不真实的，但它反映了一种常见的人类行为，称为“信息回避”——即主动选择避开那些与我们自身高度相关且唾手可得的信息)”可推知，作者通过将人类主动选择回避信息的行为与鸵鸟遇到危险时把头埋进沙子的行为进行类比，从而引出“信息回避”这一概念。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty.(研究人员解释称，随着孩子年龄增长，他们更倾向于追求心理舒适——即使其行为可能不符合道德标准。通过回避伙伴的信息，他们试图维持(或至少表现出)公平感。这种策略能让人更容易地在满足个人利益的同时，避免产生愧疚感)”可知，年龄较大的孩子回避伙伴的信息是为了维持一种(至少是表面的)公平感和良好的自我感觉，以避免内疚。故选A项。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.”(然而，回避是有长期代价的。跳过健康检查现在可能可以缓解焦虑，但以后可能会面临严重的健康问题。回避艰难的对话可能可以避免短期的冲突，但可能会使人们陷入不满意的关系中。研究人员警告说：“通过反复回避相反的观点，我们会养成回避的习惯，随着时间的推移，这些习惯会变成僵化的思维模式。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了信息回避带来的各种后果。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years.(难怪研究人员称这是一个基本的人类矛盾：我们一开始是好奇的探索者，尽可能急切地吸收任何我们能吸收的知识。然而，在人生的某个阶段，我们学会了像鸵鸟一样把头埋进沙子里。然而，这种舒适的逃避可以塑造我们的选择，决定我们生活的展开方式。认识到这一点是重新找回定义我们早年勇敢好奇心的第一步)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了人们为何会像鸵鸟一样回避信息，以及这种行为带来的后果，最后呼吁人们不要像鸵鸟一样回避信息，要勇敢面对。B项“Should we bury our heads like an ostrich?(我们应该像鸵鸟一样埋头吗?)”以问句形式，既呼应了开头的比喻，又点明了文章探讨的核心问题，作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。 (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) Shaped like a soup can with a rounded body, the robot stands on a wearer’s shoulder like a parrot. It can speak fluent Anishinaabemowin, an Indigenous (土著的) language spoken by the Anishinaabe nation of North America. Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the “Skobot” to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages. By enabling young speakers to practice with an engaging partner, she aims to keep these languages alive despite the growing dominance of English. New AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we approach language preservation. Most AI translation systems require vast training data for accuracy, and models for high-resource languages like English and Spanish are typically trained on millions of parallel sentence pairs. However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods. To address this, Jared Coleman, a computer scientist at Loyola Marymount University, developed a tool that instructs a large language model in the grammar and vocabulary of a target language, ensuring grammatical accuracy in the output sentences. Since different communities have different cultural traditions, training AI models on material in Indigenous languages, particularly ancestral stories and folk tales, can lead to unintended consequences. As Coleman explained, certain stories are traditionally told only during the wintertime in his community. “How do you maintain that tradition if it’s available online?” he says. In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information. Indigenous researchers are undertaking AI language preservation initiatives to promote greater accessibility and diversity at the forefront of technological innovation. As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization (复兴) by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages. 8. Why was “Skobot” created? A. To provide real-time language translation. B. To assist in learning endangered languages. C. To help Indigenous people acquire new languages. D. To improve the efficiency of practicing oral English. 9. What makes Indigenous languages difficult for AI translation systems to deal with? A. Limited vocabulary. B. Insufficient training data. C. Complex grammatical rules. D. Considerable regional differences. 10. What is a problem of AI models in handling Indigenous stories according to Coleman? A. They dismiss important details. B. They confuse historical timelines. C. They misinterpret traditional customs. D. They fail to fully grasp cultural contexts. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The significance of AI in language preservation. B. The key role of AI in promoting global languages. C. The impact of communication on community culture. D. Indigenous researchers’ efforts to revitalize languages. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款名为“Skobot”的机器人旨在帮助濒危土著语言的学习与传承，同时探讨了AI技术在土著语言保护中的应用、面临的挑战以及其重要意义。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the ‘Skobot’ to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages. By enabling young speakers to practice with an engaging partner, she aims to keep these languages alive despite the growing dominance of English.(24岁的Anishinaabe机器人专家Danielle Boyer创造了‘Skobot’，使其能够用濒危的土著语言进行交流。通过让年轻使用者能与一个有趣的伙伴练习，她的目标是在英语日益占主导地位的情况下，保持这些语言的活力。)”可知，“Skobot”被创造出来是为了帮助人们学习和练习濒危的土著语言。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods.(然而，土著语言通常只有很少的公开数据，这给标准的翻译方法带来了重大挑战。)”可知，导致AI翻译系统难以处理土著语言的原因是缺乏足够的训练数据。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information.(换句话说，AI模型不理解文化细微差别。如果训练不当，它们可能会错误处理敏感的文化信息。)”以及Coleman提到的关于故事只能在冬天讲述的传统会被在线可用性打破的例子可知，AI模型在处理土著故事时的问题是它们无法完全掌握文化背景。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages.(正如研究员乌玛・普拉丹与乔伊塔・戴伊所阐释的：AI语言保护有助于解决历史上对那些被阻止甚至被禁止说母语的社区的不公正待遇。这些举措不仅通过增加使用者数量来支持语言复兴，还强调了这些语言在长期被英语、普通话和少数其他全球语言主导的技术空间中的文化意义。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了AI在语言保护中的重要意义。 (共4小题，每小题2. 5分，满分10分) Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling. Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation’s electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application. Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling. “Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. “This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once.” Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes. “This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles,” Li added. “By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry.” He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs. 12. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems? A. They transfer heat poorly. B. They produce harmful gases. C. They fail at high temperature. D. They use too much electricity. 13. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method? A. Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants. B. Increasing pressure inside traditional systems. C. Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow. D. Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer. 14. Why does the author mention the “impossible triangle” in the text? A. To highlight the value of the new system. B. To illustrate the design of the new system. C. To explain why old systems are still in use. D. To show the limitations of previous systems. 15. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology? A. Preserving food in supply chains. B. Replacing traditional home refrigerators. C. Cooling future AI data centers. D. Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲的是中国科学家开发出一种结合固体冷却效应与液体流动的新型制冷方法，解决了传统固态制冷技术传热效率低的核心难题，实现了低污染、强冷却和快速传热的平衡，并在实验室测试中展现出显著的温降性能与高能效比。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application. (虽然固态冷却避免了有害气体的排放，但其传热效果不佳，限制了其在实际应用中的推广。)”可知，传统固态冷却系统的主要问题是它们散热效果不佳。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. (由中国科学院的李兵教授领导的研究团队通过将固态冷却效果与液体流动相结合克服了这一难题。)”和第四段““Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. (李教授表示：“与传统的固态方法不同，我们的系统将制冷剂和传热介质整合到了一种单一的液体中，这样热量的传递就变得迅速得多。”)”可知，创新在于将固态冷却效应与液态传热结合。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once. (这解决了‘不可能的三角形’问题——同时实现低污染、强冷却和快速散热。)”可知，此处引用这一概念是为了凸显新系统同时兼顾了以往技术难以兼得的三个优势，从而突出其创新价值与突破性。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. (他指出，该方法在高温方面的出色表现使其成为下一代人工智能计算设施中热管理的理想选择。)”可知，这项新技术可以冷却未来的人工智能数据中心。 (共5小题，每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) A few days before, I tried clearing out some old schoolbooks. Deep down, I knew I would never read them again. Yet I realized with myself that maybe they would be helpful someday. ____16____ I am probably not alone in this: this struggle is a phenomenon known as the “Endowment Effect (禀赋效应)”. Psychologists who demonstrated the effect found that people demanded a much higher price to sell a bottle of wine they owned than they were willing to pay to buy that same bottle. ____17____ It explains why we are so unwilling to give something up once we own it. Why does this happen? At first, researchers thought it was a classic case of “loss aversion”, where the pain of losing something feels twice as strong as the pleasure of gaining it. ____18____ Psychologists conclude that we value something more simply because it is ours. We project our identity onto the object, making it painful to move on. Fortunately, there is an effective counteraction: shifting your perspective from an “owner” to a “buyer”. When you are hesitating to throw something away, ask yourself: “How much would I pay to buy this from others now?” ____19____ If that is the case, it is a clear sign you value the item not for its usefulness, but simply for the endowment effect. ____20____ Besides turning our homes into storage units for the past, it makes us mentally trapped in them as well. Recognizing this is the first step toward the liberation of living with less. Make space for what truly matters. A. It just feels right to keep them. B. More often than not, the answer is “nothing”. C. Thus, a price gap exists between buyers and sellers. D. The cost of ownership is often far greater than we think. E. We often mistakenly believe these items define who we are. F. That sounds logical, but the real reason is the sense of ownership itself. G. The inconsistency reveals we overvalue things just because we possess them. 【答案】16. A 17. G 18. F 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是“禀赋效应”的表现，产生的原因和应对的方法。 【16题详解】 前文“A few days before, I tried clearing out some old schoolbooks. Deep down, I knew I would never read them again. Yet I realized with myself that maybe they would be helpful someday.(几天前，我试着清理一些旧课本。内心深处，我知道自己再也不会读它们了。然而，我还是觉得也许它们某天会有用)”提到作者想清理旧校书，知道不会再读但又觉得也许某天会有用，后文“I am probably not alone in this: this struggle is a phenomenon known as the “Endowment Effect (禀赋效应)”.(我可能并非只有自己有这种纠结：这种挣扎是一种被称为“禀赋效应”的现象)”说明这种矛盾心理是普遍存在的。A选项“It just feels right to keep them.(留着它们感觉就是对的)”很好地体现了这种矛盾心理，即虽然知道可能不会再读，但留着又觉得合理，符合语境，故选A。 【17题详解】 前文“Psychologists who demonstrated the effect found that people demanded a much higher price to sell a bottle of wine they owned than they were willing to pay to buy that same bottle.(证明这种效应存在的心理学家发现，人们对自己拥有的一瓶酒的售价比他们愿意为购买同一瓶酒所出的价格要高得多)”举例说明人们对自己拥有的物品要价高，对购买相同物品出价低。G选项“The inconsistency reveals we overvalue things just because we possess them.(这种不一致表明，我们仅仅因为拥有某物就对其估值过高)”是对前文现象的总结，符合语境，故选G。 【18题详解】 前文“At first, researchers thought it was a classic case of “loss aversion”, where the pain of losing something feels twice as strong as the pleasure of gaining it.(起初，研究人员认为这是“损失厌恶”的典型案例，即失去某物的痛苦感觉是获得同等事物所带来的愉悦感的两倍)”说研究人员最初认为这是“损失厌恶”的典型案例，后文“Psychologists conclude that we value something more simply because it is ours.(心理学家得出结论：我们仅仅因为某样东西属于自己就会更看重它)”说心理学家得出结论是因为物品是自己的所以更看重它。F选项“That sounds logical, but the real reason is the sense of ownership itself.(这听起来合理，但真正的原因是所有权本身)”起到了转折作用，引出了真正的原因，符合上下文逻辑，故选F。 【19题详解】 前文“When you are hesitating to throw something away, ask yourself: “How much would I pay to buy this from others now?”(当你犹豫是否要扔掉某样东西时，问问自己：“我现在愿意花多少钱从别人那里买下这个东西？”)”说当犹豫是否扔掉东西时，问自己现在愿意花多少钱从别人那里买这个东西。B选项“More often than not, the answer is “nothing”.(通常情况下，答案是“没什么（指不愿花钱再买回自己拥有的东西）”)”承接上文，说明很多时候对购买自己拥有的东西出价很低，与后文“If that is the case, it is a clear sign you value the item not for its usefulness, but simply for the endowment effect.(如果是这样，那就清楚地表明，你重视这件物品不是因为它的实用性，而仅仅是因为禀赋效应)”对购买自己拥有的东西出价很低的原因是禀赋效应相呼应，故选B。 【20题详解】 后文“Besides turning our homes into storage units for the past, it makes us mentally trapped in them as well.(除了把我们的家变成过去的储物间，它还让我们在精神上也受困于过去)”说除了把我们的家变成过去的储物间，它还让我们在精神上也受困于过去，说明禀赋效应有不好的影响。D选项“The cost of ownership is often far greater than we think.(拥有物品的成本往往比我们想象的要高得多)”概括了后文内容，说明禀赋效应带来的危害，故选D。 三、完形填空(共15小题,共15分) (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) Seventeen-year-old sprinter (短跑运动员) Chen Yujie is a rising star in Chinese athletics. Last November, she experienced one of the slowest yet most meaningful ____21____ of her life — as a torchbearer in Greece. “Everyday competitions are about speed and efficiency; the torch relay is more about ____22____ a spirit,” she reflected. This experience brought her a step closer to her Olympic ____23____. Chen made headlines at last year’s National Games, where she ____24____ gold in both the women’s 100m and 200m, becoming the youngest double sprint champion in the event’s history. Despite her ____25____ fame, she remains grounded. “Most pressure is in your own mind,” she says, trying to ____26____ races with a lighter mindset. She’s been ____27____ by her school, which created a personalized tutoring program to keep her up to date during frequent travels. Her teachers and classmates cheer for her ____28____, making her their pride. On the track, Chen continually ____29____ her technique. Mastering a single movement is easy, but linking many into a smooth whole is a ______30______. “I have to go over it repeatedly to find the right feel,” she explained. This ______31______ process is made possible by her family’s support. Her parents, both former athletes, never ______32______ her into sports but encouraged her interests. Chen’s ______33______ was clear when she won her first national title, defeating Olympic athletes in the 100m final. At the 15th National Games, Chen shone, breaking the women’s U20 Asian record in the 100m and a National Games record. Looking ahead, Chen’s eyes are fixed on the future. “I haven’t set ______34______ for myself — I just keep running forward,” she said. For this young star, every ______35______ is one in which she can run, continuously striving to go as far as possible. 21. A. shows B. trials C. journeys D. runs 22. A. building up B. competing for C. passing on D. holding onto 23. A. rank B. standard C. dream D. event 24. A. pursued B. defended C. claimed D. missed 25. A. newfound B. lasting C. temporary D. imaginary 26. A. analyse B. approach C. predict D. extend 27. A. funded B. supported C. attended D. coached 28. A. calmly B. silently C. anxiously D. enthusiastically 29. A. repeats B. improves C. simplifies D. employs 30. A. challenge B. routine C. opportunity D. mystery 31. A. minor B. short C. conventional D. demanding 32. A. pressured B. guided C. followed D. invited 33. A. luck B. talent C. courage D. potential 34. A. goals B. examples C. limits D. rules 35. A. direction B. promise C. victory D. ambition 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述17岁短跑新星陈妤颉赛场拼搏、担任火炬手，怀揣奥运梦想稳步成长的励志故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：去年十一月，她经历了人生中节奏最慢却意义非凡的一段奔跑——在希腊担任火炬手。A. shows演出；B. trials试验；C. journeys旅程；D. runs奔跑行程。根据前文“sprinter (短跑运动员)”以及后文“torchbearer”可知，运动员身份搭配火炬接力的奔跑行程。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她思索着说道：“日常竞赛关乎速度与效率；火炬传递更多是传递一种精神。”A. building up建立；B. competing for角逐；C. passing on传递；D. holding onto坚守。根据常识火炬接力是传承奥运精神，结合“the torch relay”可知此处指传递精神。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：这段经历让她离自己的奥运梦想更近了一步。A. rank名次；B. standard标准；C. dream梦想；D. event赛事。根据短跑运动员的身份，参与火炬接力助力实现奥运追求。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：陈妤颉在去年全运会登上新闻头条，斩获女子一百米与二百米两枚金牌，成为该赛事史上最年轻短跑双冠王。A. pursued争取、追求；B. defended卫冕；C. claimed获得，赢得；D. missed错失。根据后文“gold in both the women’s 100m and 200m”可知，她全力拼搏拿下两枚金牌。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管刚收获名气，她依旧保持头脑清醒。A. newfound新获得的；B. lasting持久的；C. temporary短暂的；D. imaginary虚幻的。根据前文“becoming the youngest double sprint champion in the event’s history.”可知，冠军荣誉是新近得来。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：“大部分压力都源于你自己的内心，” 她说，努力以更轻松的心态去面对比赛。A. analyse分析；B. approach应对、处理；C. predict预测；D. extend延伸。根据后文“races with a lighter mindset”可知，此处指的是用轻松心态去应对赛事。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：学校一直给予她支持，专门定制个性化辅导，让她频繁外出参赛也不落下功课。A. funded资助；B. supported支持；C. attended出席；D. coached执教。根据后文“created a personalized tutoring program”可知，学校为她提供学习帮扶，是对她的支持。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：老师和同学们满怀热忱为她加油，以她为荣。A. calmly冷静地；B. silently沉默地；C. anxiously焦急地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据后文“making her their pride”可知，师生由衷热烈地为她喝彩。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：赛道之上，陈妤颉持续打磨、精进自身技术动作。A. repeats重复；B. improves改进、完善；C. simplifies简化；D. employs运用。根据后文“Mastering a single movement is easy, but linking many into a smooth whole”可知，她不断优化动作技术。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：掌握单一动作不难，但将诸多动作连贯流畅地衔接起来却是一大挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. routine常规；C. opportunity机遇；D. mystery谜题。根据前文“Mastering a single movement is easy”以及转折连词but可知，前后难度反差，连贯整套动作存在难度，是挑战。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这般严苛艰苦的训练过程，离不开家人给予的支持。A. minor微小的；B. short短暂的；C. conventional传统的；D. demanding费力严苛的。根据前文“I have to go over it repeatedly to find the right feel”可知，反复打磨动作的训练十分耗费心力。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：她父母从前都是运动员，从未逼迫她投身体育，只是鼓励她的兴趣。A. pressured施压、逼迫；B. guided引导；C. followed追随；D. invited邀请。根据后文“but encouraged her interests”可知，父母没有强迫她练体育。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：当她在百米决赛击败多名奥运选手、拿下首个全国冠军时，自身蕴藏的天赋展露无遗。A. luck运气；B. talent天赋；C. courage勇气；D. potential潜力。根据后文“defeating Olympic athletes”以及打破亚洲青年纪录、全运会纪录可知，她拥有过人短跑天赋。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：“我没有给自己设限 —— 我只是一直向前奔跑，” 她说。A. goals目标；B. examples榜样；C. limits局限、上限；D. rules规则。根据后文“I just keep running forward”可知，她不愿给自己划定能力边界。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：对这位年轻新星而言，每一个前行的方向都值得全力奔跑，不断奋力去往更远的地方。A. direction方向；B. promise承诺；C. victory胜利；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“I just keep running forward”可知，向前奔跑对应前行的方向。 四、语法填空(共10小题,共15分) (共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The elephant-foot drum dance is one of the most popular and representative traditional dances of the Dai people. In 2008, it ____36____ (recognize) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item. ____37____ (traditional), the elephant-foot drum dance is performed by men. As ____38____ (it) dance steps came from traditional Dai martial arts, anyone wishing to learn this art must first study martial arts. Otherwise, they may lack physical ____39____ (strong) and flexibility to perform the dance. The dance is physically____40____ (challenge) for beginners, as it requires them____41____ (carry) a drum, maintain good balance, and keep up with the rhythm. During a performance, dancers carry the drum on their left shoulder, with the drumhead facing forward ____42____ the end pointing backward. The elephant-foot drum, ____43____is named for a resemblance (相像) to an elephant’s foot, is a well-known musical instrument of the Dai people. Dancers’ right hands strike the drum with fists, palms, and fingertips, while the left hands support the action. Because the drum is long, most dance ____44____ (movement) are performed with the dancers’ legs, such as squatting (蹲), lifting one leg, and kicking. Whether the dancers strictly follow Dai traditions or create new forms of cultural expression, generations of Dai elephant-foot drum dancers continue to pass on this traditional art _____45_____ their own ways. 【答案】36. was recognized##was recognised 37. Traditionally 38. its 39. strength 40. challenging 41. to carry 42. and 43. which 44. movements 45. in 【解析】 【导语】主要说明了象脚鼓舞是傣族代表性传统舞蹈，2008年入选国家级非遗。原本由男子表演，舞步源自武术，表演讲究体态节奏，傣族后人以各自方式传承这项传统艺术。 【36题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：2008年，它被认定为国家级非物质文化遗产项目。主语it与谓语构成被动关系，结合In 2008可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：传统上，象脚鼓舞是由男性来表演的。修饰后文句子用副词traditionally，首字母大写。 【38题详解】 考查代词。句意：由于其舞蹈动作源自传统的傣族武术，所以想要学习这种艺术的人必须先学习武术。修饰名词steps用形容词性物主代词its。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：否则，他们可能会缺乏完成舞蹈所需的体力和灵活性。作动词的宾语，用名词strength。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种舞蹈对初学者来说在体力上颇具挑战性，因为它要求他们携带鼓，保持良好的平衡，并跟上节奏。表示“有挑战性的”，作表语，用形容词challenging。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种舞蹈对初学者来说在体力上颇具挑战性，因为它要求他们携带鼓，保持良好的平衡，并跟上节奏。短语require sb. to do sth.表示“需要某人做某事”。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：在表演过程中，舞者会将鼓背负在左肩上，鼓面朝前，鼓柄朝后。此处为并列结构鼓面朝向前，末端朝向后，用连词and。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这种被称为“象脚鼓”的乐器，因其外形酷似大象的脚而得名，是傣族人所使用的著名乐器。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，先行词The elephant-foot drum在从句作主语，指物，故用which引导。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：舞者的右手用拳头、手掌和指尖击打鼓面，而左手则辅助完成动作。由于鼓很长，大多数舞蹈动作都是通过舞者的腿部来完成的，比如下蹲、抬起一条腿以及踢腿等动作。作主语用名词movement，结合are可知为复数。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：无论舞者们是严格遵循傣族的传统，还是创造出新的文化表现形式，一代又一代的傣族象脚鼓舞者都在以各自的方式传承着这一传统艺术。短语in one’s own ways表示“以自己的方式”。 五、应用文写作(共1小题,共15分) 46. 假定你是李华，学校英语沙龙邀请你做一次关于“高效沟通”的简短分享。请你写一篇演讲稿，结合自己在小组合作或日常交往中的体会，介绍三个有效的沟通技巧(如了解沟通对象、善用肢体语言、学会换位共情)。 注意： 1.词数80左右; 2.行文连贯，可适当补充细节; 3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear classmates, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear classmates, Good communication plays a vital role in our study and daily life, so today I’d like to share three practical communication skills that I have learned. First, we should know our communication partners, which helps us talk in proper ways. Second, using body language appropriately can make our expression more vivid and convincing. Last but not least, we need to learn empathy, because understanding others’ thoughts avoids unnecessary conflicts. These simple skills have improved my teamwork a lot. I hope all of us can master them to build better interpersonal relationships. 【解析】 【导语】要求考生以李华的身份写一篇关于高效沟通技巧的演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：vital→critical 实用的：practical→functional 有说服力的：convincing→persuasive 矛盾：conflict→contradiction 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Second, using body language appropriately can make our expression more vivid and convincing. 拓展句：Second, employing body language appropriately is an effective method that makes our expression more vivid and persuasive. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, we should know our communication partners, which helps us talk in proper ways.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Last but not least, we need to learn empathy, because understanding others’ thoughts avoids unnecessary conflicts.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 六、读后续写(共1小题,共25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Two months ago, I was riding home to our farm near Beltrami, Minnesota, in our Ford with my mom, dad, brother and two sisters. We had just been to a movie at the Fox Theatre and were dressed in mild winter clothes for the family outing in the cold winter. On the way home my dad stopped to help a stranger whose car had got stuck on the snow-covered railroad tracks. My father and the man couldn’t move the car, so my father told us to get out and help. We pushed the stranger’s car back into the road so he could get his automobile running again. As we approached a farm, a roaring (咆哮的) wall of snow from the northwest caused my dad to slow the car down. The intensity of the snow increased every moment until Dad could no longer drive the car and pulled the blue Ford over to the side of the road. About an hour had passed when the Ford’s engine died from exhaust pipe (排气管) blockage and the temperature dropped inside the car to -20℃. The wind was blowing hard, so my parents told us to stay in the car. We all were scared to death. My parents looked at each other and we could sense the seriousness of the situation. My feet stung (刺痛) as the cold air bit through my ankles, so I sat on my feet to keep them warm. The total darkness outside made me sad. As the night progressed my mother said prayers, told stories, and worked very hard to keep us all awake. My dad was strong but his courage was tested; there was a point when he started singing. I had never heard my dad sing but the seriousness in his voice only made me wonder if I would be found frozen or alive. Somehow we all made it through our fears and doubts until the morning’s light. As the sun rose my dad knew he had to go for help. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dad struggled through the deep snow before reaching a farmhouse. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hours later, we saw a snow-clearing truck come by to clear the road. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Dad struggled through the deep snow before reaching a farmhouse. He knocked on the door, and the owner opened it right away. After hearing what Dad said, the man quickly gave Dad a warm blanket and some food. Dad offered to pay, but the man firmly declined the money. Back in the car, we shared the food and wrapped ourselves in the blanket. The warmth offered momentary relief, but we still felt concerned. Seeing our worried faces, Mom suggested we sing together, her voice soft but stable against the violent wind. Hours later, we saw a snow-clearing truck come by to clear the road. My father rushed out to greet the crew and get their assistance in pulling the blue Ford out of the huge white snow bank. We pulled the car into the farmyard, where it could defrost. Eventually, the engine coughed into life, and we made the journey home — though all of us nursed minor frostbite. Looking back, we’ll always credit those strangers with saving our lives; without their kindness, the storm might have had the last word. I also came to understand the true meaning of the proverb: “One good turn deserves another.” 【解析】 【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，主要讲述作者一家风雪夜被困车内，父亲徒步外出求救、最终获救的暖心故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写父亲向农户求助，农户热心提供物资帮助一家人御寒。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写一家人获救、车辆脱困，作者感悟善有善报的道理。 2.续写线索：徒步雪地求救——农户热心相助——车内御寒等待——铲雪车到来救援——车辆脱困归家——感悟善意与回报 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①敲门：knock on /tap at e/bang on ②拒绝：decline/refuse/turn down 情绪类 ①担忧的：concerned/worried/anxious ②坚定的：stable/firm/resolute 【点睛】【高分句型1】After hearing what Dad said, the man quickly gave Dad a warm blanket and some food.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】We pulled the car into the farmyard, where it could defrost.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $