Unit 4 Inventions 人与社会：发明与创造（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“发明与创造”主题，通过时文、真题、模拟三级语篇训练，系统构建说明文阅读能力，融合语言知识与创新思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（水下跑步机、仿生机器鱼）|阅读理解（细节/推理）|以科技发明案例引入，渗透说明文“问题-解决方案”结构，积累核心词汇（treadmill、bionic）| |真题示例|2篇中考真题（植树机器人、无人机）|阅读理解（主旨/指代）|对接中考命题，强化“发明应用价值”分析，培养信息定位与逻辑推理能力| |模拟演练|4篇（触觉地图等）|阅读还原/完形填空|覆盖发明过程、人物经历等子主题，通过多样题型深化语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 4 Inventions 发明与创造 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 291 介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 299 介绍了科学家为解决传统水传感器无法覆盖大面积水域的水污染监测难题，参考鳟鱼的游动特性研发出仿生机器鱼。 真题示例 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 239 介绍葡萄牙频发山火，过火区域环境危险，人工复种难度大。两名大学生研发植树机器人。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 285 介绍了原本作为战争工具的无人机，如今在医疗救援、灾后救助、野生动物保护等多个领域发挥助人作用。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 194 介绍了触觉地图。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 275 介绍墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的成长经历。 Passage 3 阅读还原 说明文 253 讲述了普通人如何成为发明家，以及将发明想法变为现实的具体步骤，包括发现问题、调研想法、制作原型等。 Passage 4 完形填空 说明文 278 介绍了上海学生发明汽车开门防撞装置，通过遥感技术检测行人车辆并报警，旨在降低事故率且价格亲民。 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution. 想象力比知识更重要。因为知识是有限的，而想象力涵盖整个世界，推动进步，催生进 化。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. 成就伟业的唯一途径是热爱你所做的事。若尚未找到，继续寻找，别将就。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果 公司联合创始人） · Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. 创新是领导者与追随者的分水岭。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果公司联合创始人） · Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。——托马斯·爱迪生（发明家） · I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. 我没有失败，我只是找到了一万种行不通的方法。——托马斯·爱迪生（发明家） · Creativity is intelligence having fun. 创造力是智力在“玩乐”时的体现。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. 预测未来的最佳方式是创造它。——艾伦·凯（计算机科学家） · Don't be trapped by dogma – which is living with the results of other people's thinking. 别被教条束缚——那意味着活在他人思考的结果里。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果公司联合创始人） · Invention, my dear friends, is 93% perspiration, 6% electricity, 4% evaporation, and 2% buttermilk. 发明啊，亲爱的朋友们，是93%的汗水、6%的电力、4%的蒸发和2%的酪乳（比喻灵感）。——托马 斯·爱迪生（发明家） · The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination. 真正的智慧标志不是知识，而是想象力。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. 创造力用之不竭。你使用得越多，拥有的就越多。——玛雅·安吉罗（作家、诗人） · A new idea is delicate. It can be killed by a sneer or a yawn; it can be stabbed to death by a frown and the right man's brow. · 新想法很脆弱。一个冷笑或哈欠就能扼杀它；一个皱眉和合适的人的眉头就能将它刺死。——查尔斯·布朗（作家） · The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心有其存在的理由。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · Creativity takes courage. 创造力需要勇气。——亨利·马蒂斯（画家） · If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got. 如果你总是做你一直做的事，你将总是得到你一直得到的东西。（强调突破常规才能创新）——佚名 Passage A（水下跑步机） Have you ever heard of a treadmill that works underwater? It’s a special machine that lets you walk or run in water. Water is an excellent place to exercise. You can exercise at slower speeds because moving through water needs more effort. It helps to make your body stronger. At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. This makes it a safe way to exercise. For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. The idea for humans came from Dr. Paul Hetrick, who created a machine for his patients. His first patient was Anson Flake, a famous cyclist and runner. With the help of the doctor and the machine, he got better. From then on, these machines have been accepted by more and more people. There are some advantages of underwater treadmills. They are perfect for weight loss, better shape, and improving heart health. They are especially helpful for improvement after an injury, because the water allows for easier movement. It’s also a great choice for older people, as water reduces pressure on the body. ▲ They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars. The underwater treadmill is more than a machine. It connects sports science with water therapy (治疗). Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness. 1. What is the main advantage of exercising in water? A. It is more fun and less tiring. B. It increases stress on joints. C. It helps to build up the body. D. It allows faster speeds. 2. What does the writer want to tell by mentioning animals in paragraph 3? A. When the design for treating animals began. B. Where the idea for treating patients came from. C. Why underwater treadmills for humans came so late. D. How Dr. Hetrick invented a machine to treat his patients. 3. Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A. As a result, treadmills are designed for injured people. B. These treadmills are becoming popular in many families. C. However, these treadmills are not common for home use. D. For these advantages, patients should have such a treadmill. 4. Which is the best title for this passage? A. The Story of Dr. Hetrick. B. The Best Choice for Fitness. C. The Reasons for Exercise. D. A Way of Exercise in Water. 长难句解析 原句：(第二段第四句) At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. 译文：同时，它支撑着你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，能减轻膝盖的压力。 分析：本句包含一个现在分词短语作结果状语。主句是 “it supports your body weight”，逗号后面的 “putting less stress on your knees...” 是现在分词短语，表示主句动作带来的自然结果。其中还包含了一个比较级结构 “less ... than ...”，用来对比水下锻炼和陆地锻炼对膝盖压力的不同。 原句：(第三段第二句) It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. 译文：很奇怪的是，这么多年来，竟然没有人想到一种可以用于人类的设计。 分析：本句包含一个由 “It” 作形式主语的句型。真正的逻辑主语是后面的 “that” 引导的主语从句 “that for all these years, no one had thought of a design...”。在这个主语从句内部，又包含了一个由 “that” 引导的定语从句 “that could be used for humans”，用来修饰先行词design。 译文 你听说过可以在水下工作的跑步机吗? 这是一种特殊的机器，让你可以在水中行走或跑步。 水是锻炼的绝佳场所。你可以以较慢的速度锻炼，因为在水中移动需要更多的努力。这有助于让你的身体更强壮。同时，它支撑着你的体重，比在陆地上锻炼对膝盖的压力更小。这使它成为一种安全的锻炼方式。 几十年来，水下跑步机一直是治疗受伤（injured）动物（如狗、马和猫）的常用工具。奇怪的是，这么多年来，竟然没有人想到一种可以用于人类的设计。这个用于人类的想法来自保罗·赫特里克（Paul Hetrick）博士，他为他的病人创造了一台机器。他的第一位病人是著名的自行车手和跑步者安森·弗莱克（Anson Flake）。在医生和机器的帮助下，他康复了。从那时起，这些机器已经被越来越多的人所接受。 水下跑步机有一些优点。它们非常适合减肥、塑形和改善心脏健康。它们对受伤后的恢复特别有帮助，因为水使得运动更容易。对于老年人来说，这也是一个很好的选择，因为水可以减少对身体的压力。 然而，这些跑步机在家庭中并不常见。它们主要出现在体育中心或医院，因为它们可能非常昂贵，价格在1,500美元到几千美元不等。 水下跑步机不仅仅是一台机器。它将运动科学与水疗法（therapy）联系在一起。虽然现在还不是很普遍，但它向我们展示了一种保持健康和强壮的创造性且友好的方式，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 重难点词汇 treadmill / ˈtredmɪl / n. 跑步机 decade / ˈdekeɪd / n. 十年 injured / ˈɪndʒəd / adj. 受伤的 Passage B（仿生机器鱼） ①Water pollution is a serious problem around the world, and it is difficult to deal with. Traditional water sensors can only work in fixed places. As a result, they cannot cover large water bodies like rivers, lakes or oceans. To solve this problem, scientists created a bionic tool-a robotic fish. ②The robotic fish is a great example of bionics. It shows how scientists copy nature to solve problems. In fact, the idea of copying nature is not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. Modern scientists created robotic fish by studying the swimming skills of trout (鳟鱼). Trout are good at moving fast in water with very little energy. By “learning” the way of trout moving, robotic fish can work for ten hours after they get full power. ③According to scientists, the robotic fish has a special soft tail, so it can swim quietly and smoothly under water. It will not scare water animals or harm the underwater environment. Because of the small sensors inside its “body”, it can “taste” water to find harmful things. Once the robotic fish finds water pollution, it will send a warning message to a central computer at once. The robotic fish can even “eat” small pieces of plastic in water bodies and repair itself when it gets broken. Now more and more robotic fish are widely used in rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. They work together as a team to reduce water pollution. ④By copying nature, scientists have offered lots of possibilities for protecting the environment and improving people’s lives. As one scientist said, “Nature is our best teacher. This invention shows people’s creativity and the value of learning from nature.” 1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指)? A. Scientists. B. Fixed places. C. Robotic fish. D. Traditional water sensors. 2. What can a robotic fish do to protect the underwater environment? ①Check water quality and find harmful things. ②Collect information and send out warnings. ③Clean water and repair itself every ten hours. ④Cooperate with other robotic fish and form a water protection group. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 3. Which of the following shows the writer’s idea? A. The robotic fish may do harm to nature. B. The robotic fish can work for a short while. C. The robotic fish will take the place of real fish. D. The robotic fish is a clever and useful invention. 4. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 长难句解析 原句：(第二段第五句) By “learning” the way of trout moving, robotic fish can work for ten hours after they get full power. 译文：通过“学习”鳟鱼的移动方式，机器鱼在充满电后可以工作十个小时。 分析：本句包含一个由“By”引导的方式状语和一个由 “after” 引导的时间状语从句。主句是 “robotic fish can work for ten hours”。句首的 “By ‘learning’ the way of trout moving” 是介词短语作方式状语，说明机器鱼是如何获得这种能力的，其中 “trout moving” 是动名词复合结构作 “way” 的定语。句末的 “after they get full power” 是时间状语从句，修饰主句的动作发生的时间条件。 原句：(第三段第六句) The robotic fish can even “eat” small pieces of plastic in water bodies and repair itself when it gets broken. 译文：机器鱼甚至可以“吃掉”水体中的小片塑料，并在损坏时进行自我修复。 分析：本句包含并列谓语结构和一个由 “when” 引导的时间状语从句。主语是 “The robotic fish”，谓语部分由 “and” 连接两个动词短语 “can even ‘eat’...” 和 “(can) repair itself” 构成并列谓语，说明了机器鱼的两个功能。句末的 “when it gets broken” 是时间状语从句，修饰第二个动作 “repair itself” 发生的时间条件。 译文 ① 水污染是全世界的一个严重问题，而且很难处理。传统的水传感器只能固定在特定地点工作。因此，它们无法覆盖像河流、湖泊或海洋这样的大型水体。为了解决这个问题，科学家们创造了一种仿生工具——机器鱼。 ② 机器鱼是仿生学的一个绝佳例子。它展示了科学家如何模仿自然来解决问题。事实上，模仿自然的想法并不新鲜。莱特兄弟通过研究鸟类的飞行创造了他们的第一架飞机。现代科学家通过研究鳟鱼的游泳技巧创造了机器鱼。鳟鱼擅长在水中快速移动，且消耗极少的能量。通过“学习”鳟鱼的移动方式，机器鱼在充满电后可以工作十个小时。 ③ 据科学家介绍，机器鱼有一条特殊的柔软尾巴，因此它可以在水下安静平稳地游动。它不会惊吓水生动物，也不会破坏水下环境。由于其“身体”内部装有小型传感器，它可以“品尝”水质以发现有害物质。一旦机器鱼发现水污染，它会立即向中央计算机发送警告信息。机器鱼甚至可以“吃掉”水体中的小片塑料，并在损坏时进行自我修复。现在，越来越多的机器鱼被广泛应用于世界各地的河流、湖泊和海洋中。它们作为一个团队协同工作，以减少水污染。 ④ 通过模仿自然，科学家为保护环境和改善人们的生活提供了许多可能性。正如一位科学家所说：“自然是我们最好的老师。这项发明展示了人类的创造力以及向自然学习的价值。” 重难点词汇 sensors / ˈsensə(r) / n. 传感器 bionic / baɪˈɒnɪk / adj. 仿生的 1. Inventions make our life more convenient and interesting. （发明让我们的生活更便捷、更有趣。） 2. Many great inventions come from people's curiosity about the world.（许多伟大的发明源于人们对世界的好奇心。） 3. The invention of the Internet has changed the way we communicate and learn. （互联网的发明改变了我们交流和学习的方式。） 4. Creative thinking is the key to making new inventions. （创造性思维是做出新发明的关键。） 5. We should learn from inventors and keep trying to solve problems. （我们应该向发明家学习，不断尝试解决问题。） 6. The smartphone is a great invention that helps us do many things easily. （智能手机是一项伟大的发明，它能帮我们轻松做很多事。） 7. Inventions like robots can help humans do dangerous or hard work. （像机器人这样的发明能帮助人类做危险或繁重的工作。） 8. Every small invention may bring big changes to our life. （每一个小发明都可能给我们的生活带来大改变。） 9. New inventions often start with a simple idea in someone's mind. （新发明通常始于某人脑海中的一个简单想法。） 10. Inventions not only solve problems but also create new needs. （发明不仅解决问题，还会创造新的需求。） 11. We can use our creativity to make small inventions to help others. （我们可以用自己的创造力做出小发明来帮助他人。） 12. Great inventions need both imagination and hard work. （伟大的发明既需要想象力，也需要努力工作。） Passage 1 （2026·甘肃天水中考真题） Teen Inventors Build A Robot To Replant Burned Forests Like many countries, Portugal has been experiencing increasingly hotter, drier weather. This has caused many big wildfires. Since 2000, the country has lost about half of its forest because of these big fires. More than 60% of these areas are dangerous, making replanting difficult. Two university students have come up with a creative solution—a tree-planting robot called Trovador. Marta Bernardino and Sebastião Mendonça, grew up near Portugal’s capital, Lisbon. They spent much of their childhood exploring the nearby woods. Sad to see them burned by fire again and again, they decided to act. In 2023, they began building Trovador, a tree-planting robot. The first robot, made from recycled parts and costing $17, could plant young trees 28% faster than humans, and 90% of the young trees survived. Their work quickly got international praise. In 2024, they received $10,000 to improve Trovador. Trovador now is a four-legged, AI-powered robot. It uses cameras to find its way across difficult ground. It can work up to 3 hours on one full power and plant up to 200 young trees per hour. It is expected to be ready for work by the end of 2026. Once ready, Trovador will provide more services to help plant more trees. Workers will use an app to choose planting areas, and the robot will do the rest. Marta and Sebastiāo hope it will help bring Portugal’s forests back. 1. Why is it difficult to replant trees in Portugal? A. Because the weather is getting hotter and wetter. B. Because much of the burned land is dangerous. C. Because the country has lost about half of its forest cover. D. Because there are too many big wildfires happening since 2000. 2. What are Marta Bernardino and Sebastião Mendonça? A. Scientists. B. Students. C. Firefighters. D. Explorers. 3. What do we know about the first Trovador robot? A. It was made of new expensive materials. B. It cost as much as 10,000 dollars. C. It worked faster than human planters. D. Half of the young trees that it planted lived. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about Trovador? A. It’s now a snake-shaped machine. B. It can work 4 hours after being powered. C. It has already been widely used across Portugal. D. It will do the planting work in the chosen areas. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To warn people of serious wildfires in Portugal. B. To introduce a tree-planting robot built by teens. C. To explain how wildfires do harm to local forests. D. To encourage students to take part in creative work. Passage 2 （2026·江西中考真题） HIGH-FLYING HELPERS Drones, created as tools of war at first, are now performing important tasks to help people around the world. Sending medical help to hard-to-reach places has been a problem for years. In Rwanda, some small hospitals don’t have enough medicine. As a result, many people die. A local company is trying to use drones to solve this problem. Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine. Drones also help after natural disasters. In 2015, a heavy storm hit Vanuatu, leaving many people homeless. Drones took pictures for the rescue (救援) teams. This helped the teams judge the situation quickly and offer help to the areas that were hardest hit. Drones are also helping environmental organizations. Every year, poachers (偷猎者) kill many endangered animals. To stop them, the WWF uses drones. “They help us see things that we can’t,” says Colby, who works for the WWF. Drones can easily identify (识别) poachers in the dark. As well as finding poachers, these tools can be used to follow and protect animals. Scientists at a university plan to use them for a project: recording wildlife and identifying animal groups. The project leader believes drones will become widely used. “I think we will have plenty of drones flying over forests,” he predicts. A tool made for war is now being used to save lives. “Drones can be good for both humans and animals. There’s nothing that can take the place of a good scientist. But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before,” says Kike, a man who cares about the environment. 1. What do drones do for the people in Rwanda? A. They take clear pictures. B. They help the homeless in time. C. They send medicine fast. D. They judge the situation carefully. 2. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The drones. B. The poachers. C. The animals. D. The organizations. 3. What are drones mainly used for in Paragraph 3? A. Starting a project. B. Finding lost people. C. Protecting animals. D. Recording daily life. 4. What can we infer from Kike’s words? A. Wars have brought many problems. B. New technologies need improvement. C. People should protect the environment. D. Drones can help scientists do more things. 5. In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A. Nature. B. Technology. C. Health. D. Travel. Passage 1 （2025-2026·广东深圳期末考）Maps help most of us visit new places easily. But for people with eyesight problems, visiting new places can be really hard. That’s when tactile maps (触觉地图) come in. Unlike common maps, tactile maps have special raised marks and different patterns to show different places. Big triangles (△) stand for traffic lights, small squares (□) for bus stops. Dotted (·) areas are built-up areas, small triangle areas stand for forests, and wavy lines stand for water. Users can know about places and plan travel routes by touching the maps with fingers. Making tactile maps requires not only practical skills, but also psychology (心理学) knowledge and modern printing technology. Psychology helps designers control the amount of information shown on maps, so users won’t feel worried or tired. Besides, 3D printing helps cut down production costs. Both psychology and printing technology make tactile maps more accessible. Tactile maps do more than just show directions. They offer a sense of freedom and independence to those who once depended on others. Although there are still challenges, tools like tactile maps help build a world that welcomes everyone. 1. Who are tactile maps designed for? A. People with poor eyesight. B. People with hearing trouble. C. People who make travelling plans. D. People who are interested in maps. 2. Which part of the tactile map stands for water areas? A. A B. B C. C D. D 3. Why is psychology used to help create tactile maps? A. To reduce users’ stress. B. To add more information. C. To help designers learn better. D. To speed up finger movements. 4. What does the underlined word “accessible” probably mean? A. Rich in details. B. Simple to produce. C. Fun to look at. D. Easy to get and use. 5. How does the writer probably feel about tools like tactile maps? A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Curious. Passage 2 （2025-2026·广东广州期末考）Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering. He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world. Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems. González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images. The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less. By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico. González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today. Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors. 1. Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device? A. TVs were not perfect to send sound. B. TVs didn’t help educate children then. C. TVs were too expensive for people to own. D. TVs could only show black-and-white images. 2. What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Special programs. B. Weak points. C. Unclear images. D. Loud sounds. 3. What was González Camarena’s view on television? A. It should help create TV network. B. Rich people should make it cheaper. C. It should be widely used and educational. D. There was no need to improve its technology. 4. What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage? A. A creative and caring inventor. B. A clever and friendly educator. C. A grateful and curious inventor. D. A smart and successful educator. 5. Where can we probably find this article? A. Great Inventors in History B. How Network Works C. Television User Guide D. The History of Television Passage 3 （2025-2026·广东深圳期中考）The word “inventor” may make people think of something difficult. But in fact, anyone can be an inventor! 1 Here is how you can bring your idea to life. Find a problem to solve. 2 Will it make a daily task easier? Will it help people in a new way? Knowing this will help you guide your design. Then, start thinking of ideas that can solve the problem. 3 After you know the problem, it’s time to go online to check if anything like your idea already exists. If you find the same product online, you need a new idea. If not, you are lucky! You may have a great new idea for your invention. Make a prototype (原型) to see how it works. A prototype is a model of your final product. You can start by drawing a picture of your idea. 4 This helps you see if your idea really works. Sometimes, you may make a few different prototypes before you get it right. This is not always an easy job, but it is very interesting. 5 A. Do research to see if your idea is new. B. Remember, every great invention starts with a simple idea and a lot of hard work. C. You can also share your idea with your friends to get more new ideas. D. Then, you can try to make a simple model with things around your house. E. If you have a new idea for a product, you can make it real. F. Think about what problem your invention will work out. Passage 4 （2025-2026·广东广州天河期中） Have you ever almost bumped into (撞上) someone when opening the car door without looking 1 before getting out? Ju Wenxuan, an eighth-grade student from Shanghai Yangpu Bilingual School, invented a device that could help 2 such accidents. “I noticed that during busy hours when I was rushing to school and being seated in the back of a car, it was 3 to see if it was safe to open the car door,” Ju said. Ju found that there are devices that try to solve this 4 . But they usually come with the newest smart cars and can’t be added to older cars. Hoping to make a difference, Ju 5 a new device that can be used by any car. With remote-sensing image recognition (遥感图像识别) technology and a distance sensor, the device can find people or cars in the mirror as they get 6 . It will sound an alarm when the door handle is pulled if any people or cars are close. To make sure her invention would be affordable for most people, Ju made a questionnaire survey and 7 that most people wanted a device priced between 100 and 300 yuan. So she worked hard to bring down the 8 of her device, such as using as few parts as possible without lowering quality. “If my 9 can become a product used by more people, then it could reduce accidents. Besides, it could be changed for other uses, such as keeping children 10 by sending an alarm when a stranger moves towards them,” Ju added. 1. A. secretly B. politely C. carefully D. quickly 2. A. change B. increase C. improve D. reduce 3. A. hard B. normal C. wrong D. interesting 4. A. stress B. problem C. puzzle D. doubt 5. A. worked on B. turned on C. tried on D. lived on 6. A. farther B. longer C. closer D. shorter 7. A. discovered B. compared C. recorded D. believed 8. A. shape B. color C. size D. cost 9. A. survey B. invention C. chance D. ability 10. A. special B. lucky C. popular D. safe 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inventions 发明与创造 单元阅读精练 Passage A（水下跑步机） 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D Passage B（仿生机器鱼） 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C Passage 1 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B Passage 2 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B Passage 1 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A Passage 2 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A Passage 3 1. E 2. F 3. A 4. D 5. B Passage 4 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inventions 发明与创造 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 291 介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 299 介绍了科学家为解决传统水传感器无法覆盖大面积水域的水污染监测难题，参考鳟鱼的游动特性研发出仿生机器鱼。 真题示例 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 239 介绍葡萄牙频发山火，过火区域环境危险，人工复种难度大。两名大学生研发植树机器人。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 285 介绍了原本作为战争工具的无人机，如今在医疗救援、灾后救助、野生动物保护等多个领域发挥助人作用。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 194 介绍了触觉地图。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 275 介绍墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的成长经历。 Passage 3 阅读还原 说明文 253 讲述了普通人如何成为发明家，以及将发明想法变为现实的具体步骤，包括发现问题、调研想法、制作原型等。 Passage 4 完形填空 说明文 278 介绍了上海学生发明汽车开门防撞装置，通过遥感技术检测行人车辆并报警，旨在降低事故率且价格亲民。 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution. 想象力比知识更重要。因为知识是有限的，而想象力涵盖整个世界，推动进步，催生进 化。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. 成就伟业的唯一途径是热爱你所做的事。若尚未找到，继续寻找，别将就。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果 公司联合创始人） · Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. 创新是领导者与追随者的分水岭。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果公司联合创始人） · Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。——托马斯·爱迪生（发明家） · I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. 我没有失败，我只是找到了一万种行不通的方法。——托马斯·爱迪生（发明家） · Creativity is intelligence having fun. 创造力是智力在“玩乐”时的体现。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. 预测未来的最佳方式是创造它。——艾伦·凯（计算机科学家） · Don't be trapped by dogma – which is living with the results of other people's thinking. 别被教条束缚——那意味着活在他人思考的结果里。——史蒂夫·乔布斯（苹果公司联合创始人） · Invention, my dear friends, is 93% perspiration, 6% electricity, 4% evaporation, and 2% buttermilk. 发明啊，亲爱的朋友们，是93%的汗水、6%的电力、4%的蒸发和2%的酪乳（比喻灵感）。——托马 斯·爱迪生（发明家） · The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination. 真正的智慧标志不是知识，而是想象力。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. 创造力用之不竭。你使用得越多，拥有的就越多。——玛雅·安吉罗（作家、诗人） · A new idea is delicate. It can be killed by a sneer or a yawn; it can be stabbed to death by a frown and the right man's brow. · 新想法很脆弱。一个冷笑或哈欠就能扼杀它；一个皱眉和合适的人的眉头就能将它刺死。——查尔斯·布朗（作家） · The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心有其存在的理由。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（物理学家） · Creativity takes courage. 创造力需要勇气。——亨利·马蒂斯（画家） · If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got. 如果你总是做你一直做的事，你将总是得到你一直得到的东西。（强调突破常规才能创新）——佚名 Passage A（水下跑步机） Have you ever heard of a treadmill that works underwater? It’s a special machine that lets you walk or run in water. Water is an excellent place to exercise. You can exercise at slower speeds because moving through water needs more effort. It helps to make your body stronger. At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. This makes it a safe way to exercise. For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. The idea for humans came from Dr. Paul Hetrick, who created a machine for his patients. His first patient was Anson Flake, a famous cyclist and runner. With the help of the doctor and the machine, he got better. From then on, these machines have been accepted by more and more people. There are some advantages of underwater treadmills. They are perfect for weight loss, better shape, and improving heart health. They are especially helpful for improvement after an injury, because the water allows for easier movement. It’s also a great choice for older people, as water reduces pressure on the body. ▲ They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars. The underwater treadmill is more than a machine. It connects sports science with water therapy (治疗). Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness. 1. What is the main advantage of exercising in water? A. It is more fun and less tiring. B. It increases stress on joints. C. It helps to build up the body. D. It allows faster speeds. 2. What does the writer want to tell by mentioning animals in paragraph 3? A. When the design for treating animals began. B. Where the idea for treating patients came from. C. Why underwater treadmills for humans came so late. D. How Dr. Hetrick invented a machine to treat his patients. 3. Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A. As a result, treadmills are designed for injured people. B. These treadmills are becoming popular in many families. C. However, these treadmills are not common for home use. D. For these advantages, patients should have such a treadmill. 4. Which is the best title for this passage? A. The Story of Dr. Hetrick. B. The Best Choice for Fitness. C. The Reasons for Exercise. D. A Way of Exercise in Water. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式，涵盖了它的运动优势、从用于动物治疗到面向人类使用的发展历程、适用人群以及当前的普及现状，向读者展示了这种结合运动科学与水疗的创新健身方式。 【解析】1. 第二段“It helps to make your body stronger.”可推知，水中锻炼的主要优势是帮助增强体质。 2. 第三段“For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans.”，作者提及动物使用水下跑步机的背景，是为了解释面向人类的水下跑步机出现得如此晚的原因。 3. 第五段“They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars.”，设空处内容应起到承上启下的转折作用，说明这类跑步机并不常见于家庭使用。 4. 通读全文，文章全程围绕水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式展开介绍，涵盖其原理、优势、发展历程和现状，“A Way of Exercise in Water”符合语境。 长难句解析 原句：(第二段第四句) At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. 译文：同时，它支撑着你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，能减轻膝盖的压力。 分析：本句包含一个现在分词短语作结果状语。主句是 “it supports your body weight”，逗号后面的 “putting less stress on your knees...” 是现在分词短语，表示主句动作带来的自然结果。其中还包含了一个比较级结构 “less ... than ...”，用来对比水下锻炼和陆地锻炼对膝盖压力的不同。 原句：(第三段第二句) It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. 译文：很奇怪的是，这么多年来，竟然没有人想到一种可以用于人类的设计。 分析：本句包含一个由 “It” 作形式主语的句型。真正的逻辑主语是后面的 “that” 引导的主语从句 “that for all these years, no one had thought of a design...”。在这个主语从句内部，又包含了一个由 “that” 引导的定语从句 “that could be used for humans”，用来修饰先行词design。 译文 你听说过可以在水下工作的跑步机吗? 这是一种特殊的机器，让你可以在水中行走或跑步。 水是锻炼的绝佳场所。你可以以较慢的速度锻炼，因为在水中移动需要更多的努力。这有助于让你的身体更强壮。同时，它支撑着你的体重，比在陆地上锻炼对膝盖的压力更小。这使它成为一种安全的锻炼方式。 几十年来，水下跑步机一直是治疗受伤（injured）动物（如狗、马和猫）的常用工具。奇怪的是，这么多年来，竟然没有人想到一种可以用于人类的设计。这个用于人类的想法来自保罗·赫特里克（Paul Hetrick）博士，他为他的病人创造了一台机器。他的第一位病人是著名的自行车手和跑步者安森·弗莱克（Anson Flake）。在医生和机器的帮助下，他康复了。从那时起，这些机器已经被越来越多的人所接受。 水下跑步机有一些优点。它们非常适合减肥、塑形和改善心脏健康。它们对受伤后的恢复特别有帮助，因为水使得运动更容易。对于老年人来说，这也是一个很好的选择，因为水可以减少对身体的压力。 然而，这些跑步机在家庭中并不常见。它们主要出现在体育中心或医院，因为它们可能非常昂贵，价格在1,500美元到几千美元不等。 水下跑步机不仅仅是一台机器。它将运动科学与水疗法（therapy）联系在一起。虽然现在还不是很普遍，但它向我们展示了一种保持健康和强壮的创造性且友好的方式，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 重难点词汇 treadmill / ˈtredmɪl / n. 跑步机 decade / ˈdekeɪd / n. 十年 injured / ˈɪndʒəd / adj. 受伤的 Passage B（仿生机器鱼） ①Water pollution is a serious problem around the world, and it is difficult to deal with. Traditional water sensors can only work in fixed places. As a result, they cannot cover large water bodies like rivers, lakes or oceans. To solve this problem, scientists created a bionic tool-a robotic fish. ②The robotic fish is a great example of bionics. It shows how scientists copy nature to solve problems. In fact, the idea of copying nature is not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. Modern scientists created robotic fish by studying the swimming skills of trout (鳟鱼). Trout are good at moving fast in water with very little energy. By “learning” the way of trout moving, robotic fish can work for ten hours after they get full power. ③According to scientists, the robotic fish has a special soft tail, so it can swim quietly and smoothly under water. It will not scare water animals or harm the underwater environment. Because of the small sensors inside its “body”, it can “taste” water to find harmful things. Once the robotic fish finds water pollution, it will send a warning message to a central computer at once. The robotic fish can even “eat” small pieces of plastic in water bodies and repair itself when it gets broken. Now more and more robotic fish are widely used in rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. They work together as a team to reduce water pollution. ④By copying nature, scientists have offered lots of possibilities for protecting the environment and improving people’s lives. As one scientist said, “Nature is our best teacher. This invention shows people’s creativity and the value of learning from nature.” 1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指)? A. Scientists. B. Fixed places. C. Robotic fish. D. Traditional water sensors. 2. What can a robotic fish do to protect the underwater environment? ①Check water quality and find harmful things. ②Collect information and send out warnings. ③Clean water and repair itself every ten hours. ④Cooperate with other robotic fish and form a water protection group. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 3. Which of the following shows the writer’s idea? A. The robotic fish may do harm to nature. B. The robotic fish can work for a short while. C. The robotic fish will take the place of real fish. D. The robotic fish is a clever and useful invention. 4. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文介绍了科学家为解决传统水传感器无法覆盖大面积水域的水污染监测难题，参考鳟鱼的游动特性研发出仿生机器鱼，这类机器鱼具备水质检测、污染预警、清理微塑料等功能，在全球水域广泛投入使用，文章借此说明向自然学习的仿生发明能够为环境保护和生活改善提供诸多可能性，彰显了人类的创造力。 【解析】1. “Traditional water sensors (传感器) can only work in fixed places. As a result, they cannot cover large water bodies like rivers, lakes or oceans.”可知，传统水传感器只能在固定地点工作，因此无法覆盖大面积水域，划线词they指代前文的Traditional water sensors。 2. 由第3段“it can ‘taste’ water to find harmful things”可知①正确，由“Once the robotic fish finds water pollution, it will send a warning message to a central computer at once”可知②正确，由“They work together as a team to reduce water pollution”可知④正确，因此选包含①②④的选项。 3. 由全文内容可知，机器鱼是科学家借鉴鳟鱼特性研发的仿生工具，可检测水污染、清理塑料、协同工作治理水体污染，是兼具巧思和实用价值的发明。其余选项均与原文表述相悖：第3段说明它不会伤害水下环境，A错误；充满电后可工作10小时并非工作时间短，B错误；文中从未提及它会取代真鱼，C错误。 4. 第1段总起，提出传统水传感器的缺陷，引出仿生工具机器鱼；第2段介绍机器鱼的仿生设计来源，第3段介绍机器鱼的各项实用功能，2、3段是并列的分述内容；第4段总结全文，点明仿生发明对环保和生活的意义，对应“1引出话题，2、3分述细节，4总结升华”的总-分-总结构。 长难句解析 原句：(第二段第五句) By “learning” the way of trout moving, robotic fish can work for ten hours after they get full power. 译文：通过“学习”鳟鱼的移动方式，机器鱼在充满电后可以工作十个小时。 分析：本句包含一个由“By”引导的方式状语和一个由 “after” 引导的时间状语从句。主句是 “robotic fish can work for ten hours”。句首的 “By ‘learning’ the way of trout moving” 是介词短语作方式状语，说明机器鱼是如何获得这种能力的，其中 “trout moving” 是动名词复合结构作 “way” 的定语。句末的 “after they get full power” 是时间状语从句，修饰主句的动作发生的时间条件。 原句：(第三段第六句) The robotic fish can even “eat” small pieces of plastic in water bodies and repair itself when it gets broken. 译文：机器鱼甚至可以“吃掉”水体中的小片塑料，并在损坏时进行自我修复。 分析：本句包含并列谓语结构和一个由 “when” 引导的时间状语从句。主语是 “The robotic fish”，谓语部分由 “and” 连接两个动词短语 “can even ‘eat’...” 和 “(can) repair itself” 构成并列谓语，说明了机器鱼的两个功能。句末的 “when it gets broken” 是时间状语从句，修饰第二个动作 “repair itself” 发生的时间条件。 译文 ① 水污染是全世界的一个严重问题，而且很难处理。传统的水传感器只能固定在特定地点工作。因此，它们无法覆盖像河流、湖泊或海洋这样的大型水体。为了解决这个问题，科学家们创造了一种仿生工具——机器鱼。 ② 机器鱼是仿生学的一个绝佳例子。它展示了科学家如何模仿自然来解决问题。事实上，模仿自然的想法并不新鲜。莱特兄弟通过研究鸟类的飞行创造了他们的第一架飞机。现代科学家通过研究鳟鱼的游泳技巧创造了机器鱼。鳟鱼擅长在水中快速移动，且消耗极少的能量。通过“学习”鳟鱼的移动方式，机器鱼在充满电后可以工作十个小时。 ③ 据科学家介绍，机器鱼有一条特殊的柔软尾巴，因此它可以在水下安静平稳地游动。它不会惊吓水生动物，也不会破坏水下环境。由于其“身体”内部装有小型传感器，它可以“品尝”水质以发现有害物质。一旦机器鱼发现水污染，它会立即向中央计算机发送警告信息。机器鱼甚至可以“吃掉”水体中的小片塑料，并在损坏时进行自我修复。现在，越来越多的机器鱼被广泛应用于世界各地的河流、湖泊和海洋中。它们作为一个团队协同工作，以减少水污染。 ④ 通过模仿自然，科学家为保护环境和改善人们的生活提供了许多可能性。正如一位科学家所说：“自然是我们最好的老师。这项发明展示了人类的创造力以及向自然学习的价值。” 重难点词汇 sensors / ˈsensə(r) / n. 传感器 bionic / baɪˈɒnɪk / adj. 仿生的 1. Inventions make our life more convenient and interesting. （发明让我们的生活更便捷、更有趣。） 2. Many great inventions come from people's curiosity about the world.（许多伟大的发明源于人们对世界的好奇心。） 3. The invention of the Internet has changed the way we communicate and learn. （互联网的发明改变了我们交流和学习的方式。） 4. Creative thinking is the key to making new inventions. （创造性思维是做出新发明的关键。） 5. We should learn from inventors and keep trying to solve problems. （我们应该向发明家学习，不断尝试解决问题。） 6. The smartphone is a great invention that helps us do many things easily. （智能手机是一项伟大的发明，它能帮我们轻松做很多事。） 7. Inventions like robots can help humans do dangerous or hard work. （像机器人这样的发明能帮助人类做危险或繁重的工作。） 8. Every small invention may bring big changes to our life. （每一个小发明都可能给我们的生活带来大改变。） 9. New inventions often start with a simple idea in someone's mind. （新发明通常始于某人脑海中的一个简单想法。） 10. Inventions not only solve problems but also create new needs. （发明不仅解决问题，还会创造新的需求。） 11. We can use our creativity to make small inventions to help others. （我们可以用自己的创造力做出小发明来帮助他人。） 12. Great inventions need both imagination and hard work. （伟大的发明既需要想象力，也需要努力工作。） Passage 1 （2026·甘肃天水中考真题） Teen Inventors Build A Robot To Replant Burned Forests Like many countries, Portugal has been experiencing increasingly hotter, drier weather. This has caused many big wildfires. Since 2000, the country has lost about half of its forest because of these big fires. More than 60% of these areas are dangerous, making replanting difficult. Two university students have come up with a creative solution—a tree-planting robot called Trovador. Marta Bernardino and Sebastião Mendonça, grew up near Portugal’s capital, Lisbon. They spent much of their childhood exploring the nearby woods. Sad to see them burned by fire again and again, they decided to act. In 2023, they began building Trovador, a tree-planting robot. The first robot, made from recycled parts and costing $17, could plant young trees 28% faster than humans, and 90% of the young trees survived. Their work quickly got international praise. In 2024, they received $10,000 to improve Trovador. Trovador now is a four-legged, AI-powered robot. It uses cameras to find its way across difficult ground. It can work up to 3 hours on one full power and plant up to 200 young trees per hour. It is expected to be ready for work by the end of 2026. Once ready, Trovador will provide more services to help plant more trees. Workers will use an app to choose planting areas, and the robot will do the rest. Marta and Sebastiāo hope it will help bring Portugal’s forests back. 1. Why is it difficult to replant trees in Portugal? A. Because the weather is getting hotter and wetter. B. Because much of the burned land is dangerous. C. Because the country has lost about half of its forest cover. D. Because there are too many big wildfires happening since 2000. 2. What are Marta Bernardino and Sebastião Mendonça? A. Scientists. B. Students. C. Firefighters. D. Explorers. 3. What do we know about the first Trovador robot? A. It was made of new expensive materials. B. It cost as much as 10,000 dollars. C. It worked faster than human planters. D. Half of the young trees that it planted lived. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about Trovador? A. It’s now a snake-shaped machine. B. It can work 4 hours after being powered. C. It has already been widely used across Portugal. D. It will do the planting work in the chosen areas. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To warn people of serious wildfires in Portugal. B. To introduce a tree-planting robot built by teens. C. To explain how wildfires do harm to local forests. D. To encourage students to take part in creative work. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文介绍葡萄牙频发山火，过火区域环境危险，人工复种难度大。两名大学生研发植树机器人Trovador，初代机器人效果出色，改良后的AI四足机器人效率更高，有望在2026年底投入山林修复工作。 【解析】1. 原文第一段“More than 60% of these areas are dangerous, making replanting difficult.”，葡萄牙火灾过后超六成土地环境危险，因此重新种树十分困难。 2. 原文第一段“Two university students have come up with a creative solution—a tree-planting robot called Trovador.”，Marta和Sebastiāo是两名大学生。 3. 原文第三段“The first robot, made from recycled parts and costing $17, could plant young trees 28% faster than humans, and 90% of the young trees survived.”，初代机器人由回收零件制成，造价仅17美元，栽种幼苗的速度比人工快28%，且种下的幼苗存活率达90%。 4. 原文第六段“Workers will use an app to choose planting areas, and the robot will do the rest.”，工作人员会通过一款应用选定种植区域，剩下的种植工作都由机器人完成。 5. 全文围绕两名青年学生研发植树机器人Trovador展开，介绍研发背景、初代性能、改良后的功能与使用前景，因此文章核心是介绍这款青年发明的植树机器人。 Passage 2 （2026·江西中考真题） HIGH-FLYING HELPERS Drones, created as tools of war at first, are now performing important tasks to help people around the world. Sending medical help to hard-to-reach places has been a problem for years. In Rwanda, some small hospitals don’t have enough medicine. As a result, many people die. A local company is trying to use drones to solve this problem. Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine. Drones also help after natural disasters. In 2015, a heavy storm hit Vanuatu, leaving many people homeless. Drones took pictures for the rescue (救援) teams. This helped the teams judge the situation quickly and offer help to the areas that were hardest hit. Drones are also helping environmental organizations. Every year, poachers (偷猎者) kill many endangered animals. To stop them, the WWF uses drones. “They help us see things that we can’t,” says Colby, who works for the WWF. Drones can easily identify (识别) poachers in the dark. As well as finding poachers, these tools can be used to follow and protect animals. Scientists at a university plan to use them for a project: recording wildlife and identifying animal groups. The project leader believes drones will become widely used. “I think we will have plenty of drones flying over forests,” he predicts. A tool made for war is now being used to save lives. “Drones can be good for both humans and animals. There’s nothing that can take the place of a good scientist. But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before,” says Kike, a man who cares about the environment. 1. What do drones do for the people in Rwanda? A. They take clear pictures. B. They help the homeless in time. C. They send medicine fast. D. They judge the situation carefully. 2. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The drones. B. The poachers. C. The animals. D. The organizations. 3. What are drones mainly used for in Paragraph 3? A. Starting a project. B. Finding lost people. C. Protecting animals. D. Recording daily life. 4. What can we infer from Kike’s words? A. Wars have brought many problems. B. New technologies need improvement. C. People should protect the environment. D. Drones can help scientists do more things. 5. In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A. Nature. B. Technology. C. Health. D. Travel. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了原本作为战争工具的无人机，如今在医疗救援、灾后救助、野生动物保护等多个领域发挥助人作用。 【解析】1. 第二段“Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine.”说明无人机快速向卢旺达各地医院运送药品。 2. 第三段“To stop them, the WWF uses drones. ‘They help us see things that we can’t,’”表明，划线词They承接前文内容，指代前文提到的无人机。 3. 第三段“Drones are also helping environmental organizations ... these tools can be used to follow and protect animals.”表明，本段围绕无人机帮助环保组织阻止偷猎、识别偷猎者、追踪保护濒危野生动物展开，核心用途是保护动物。 4. 最后一段“But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before”表明无人机可以帮助科学家完成更多以往难以实现的研究工作。 5. 文章围绕无人机这项科技产品的各类应用展开介绍，属于科技范畴。 Passage 1 （2025-2026·广东深圳期末考）Maps help most of us visit new places easily. But for people with eyesight problems, visiting new places can be really hard. That’s when tactile maps (触觉地图) come in. Unlike common maps, tactile maps have special raised marks and different patterns to show different places. Big triangles (△) stand for traffic lights, small squares (□) for bus stops. Dotted (·) areas are built-up areas, small triangle areas stand for forests, and wavy lines stand for water. Users can know about places and plan travel routes by touching the maps with fingers. Making tactile maps requires not only practical skills, but also psychology (心理学) knowledge and modern printing technology. Psychology helps designers control the amount of information shown on maps, so users won’t feel worried or tired. Besides, 3D printing helps cut down production costs. Both psychology and printing technology make tactile maps more accessible. Tactile maps do more than just show directions. They offer a sense of freedom and independence to those who once depended on others. Although there are still challenges, tools like tactile maps help build a world that welcomes everyone. 1. Who are tactile maps designed for? A. People with poor eyesight. B. People with hearing trouble. C. People who make travelling plans. D. People who are interested in maps. 2. Which part of the tactile map stands for water areas? A. A B. B C. C D. D 3. Why is psychology used to help create tactile maps? A. To reduce users’ stress. B. To add more information. C. To help designers learn better. D. To speed up finger movements. 4. What does the underlined word “accessible” probably mean? A. Rich in details. B. Simple to produce. C. Fun to look at. D. Easy to get and use. 5. How does the writer probably feel about tools like tactile maps? A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Curious. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了触觉地图。普通地图对视障人士不友好，触觉地图依靠凸起纹路方便他们触摸认路。其制作融合实操、心理学与3D打印，既减轻使用者负担又降低成本。它不只指引方向，更给予视障者独立自由，助力建设包容的社会。 【解析】1. 根据第一段“But for people with eyesight problems, visiting new places can be really hard. That’s when tactile maps（触觉地图）come in.”，有视力障碍者出行困难，触觉地图应运而生，因此触觉地图是为视力不佳人群设计的。 2. 根据第二段“wavy lines stand for water”可知，波浪线代表水域，对应图中C处。 3. 根据第三段“Psychology helps designers control the amount of information shown on maps, so users won’t feel worried or tired.”，心理学控制信息量，避免使用者焦虑疲惫，缓解压力。 4. 根据画线词所在句的前文“Psychology helps designers…so users won’t feel worried or tired. Besides, 3D printing helps cut down production costs.”，心理学优化使用体验，3D打印降低成本，这样就让触觉地图更容易获取、使用。accessible意为“易获得、易使用”，即“Easy to get and use.”。 5. 根据最后一段“Although there are still challenges, tools like tactile maps help build a world that welcomes everyone.”，虽有挑战，但像触觉地图这类工具，助力打造一个包容所有人的世界。体现作者乐观、满怀希望的态度（Hopeful）。 Passage 2 （2025-2026·广东广州期末考）Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering. He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world. Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems. González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images. The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less. By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico. González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today. Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors. 1. Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device? A. TVs were not perfect to send sound. B. TVs didn’t help educate children then. C. TVs were too expensive for people to own. D. TVs could only show black-and-white images. 2. What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Special programs. B. Weak points. C. Unclear images. D. Loud sounds. 3. What was González Camarena’s view on television? A. It should help create TV network. B. Rich people should make it cheaper. C. It should be widely used and educational. D. There was no need to improve its technology. 4. What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage? A. A creative and caring inventor. B. A clever and friendly educator. C. A grateful and curious inventor. D. A smart and successful educator. 5. Where can we probably find this article? A. Great Inventors in History B. How Network Works C. Television User Guide D. The History of Television 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的成长经历，讲述他不断钻研，发明色彩显示设备推动彩色电视发展，还助力打造墨西哥教育电视网络的故事。 【解析】1. 根据第三段“Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems.”以及第四段“González Camarena was one of the first with a solution.”可知，早期电视只能显示黑白图像，这是主要局限，Camarena发明三色装置是为了解决这个问题。 2. 根据第三段划线词后的句子“They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones.”可知，这是在说明早期电视的不足之处。因此“limitations”意为“局限性”或“缺点”，与Weak points意思相近。 3. 根据第五段“He wanted everyone to have color TV”可知他希望电视被广泛使用；根据第七段“González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children.”可知他认为电视应具有教育意义。综合可知他认为电视应被广泛使用且具有教育性。 4. 通读全文可知，Camarena发明了彩色电视装置，体现了他的创造性（creative）；他希望每个人都能拥有彩色电视并重视儿童教育，体现了他的关怀之心（caring）；文章最后提到他被视为伟大的发明家（inventor）。 5. 本文主要介绍了墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的生平、发明成就及其理念，属于人物传记类文章。因此最可能出现在“历史上的伟大发明家”（Great Inventors in History）这类栏目或书籍中。 Passage 3 （2025-2026·广东深圳期中考）The word “inventor” may make people think of something difficult. But in fact, anyone can be an inventor! 1 Here is how you can bring your idea to life. Find a problem to solve. 2 Will it make a daily task easier? Will it help people in a new way? Knowing this will help you guide your design. Then, start thinking of ideas that can solve the problem. 3 After you know the problem, it’s time to go online to check if anything like your idea already exists. If you find the same product online, you need a new idea. If not, you are lucky! You may have a great new idea for your invention. Make a prototype (原型) to see how it works. A prototype is a model of your final product. You can start by drawing a picture of your idea. 4 This helps you see if your idea really works. Sometimes, you may make a few different prototypes before you get it right. This is not always an easy job, but it is very interesting. 5 A. Do research to see if your idea is new. B. Remember, every great invention starts with a simple idea and a lot of hard work. C. You can also share your idea with your friends to get more new ideas. D. Then, you can try to make a simple model with things around your house. E. If you have a new idea for a product, you can make it real. F. Think about what problem your invention will work out. 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. A 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了普通人如何成为发明家，以及将发明想法变为现实的具体步骤，包括发现问题、调研想法、制作原型等。 【解析】1. 第一段提到“任何人都可以成为发明家”，后文说“Here is how you can bring your idea to life.”。选项E“If you have a new idea for a product, you can make it real.”承接前文“任何人都可以成为发明家”，进一步说明如果你有产品新想法，就可以将其实现，与后文“how to bring your idea to life”形成呼应，逻辑连贯。 2. 第二段小标题为“Find a problem to solve.”，后文问“Will it make a daily task easier? Will it help people in a new way?”。选项F“Think about what problem your invention will work out.”直接点出要思考发明要解决什么问题，与后文的具体提问（是否让日常任务更简单、是否以新方式帮助人们）形成递进关系。 3. 第三段内容为：知道问题后，上网查是否有类似想法存在，如果有则需新想法，如果没有则幸运。选项A“Do research to see if your idea is new.”作为本段小标题，准确概括了“上网查证新颖性”的核心内容，与后文“check if anything like your idea already exists”完全对应。 4. 第四段建议制作原型，先画图，后文说“这有助于你看想法是否真的可行”。选项D“Then, you can try to make a simple model with things around your house.”在画图之后，进一步建议用家中物品制作简单模型，与后文“原型测试”逻辑衔接自然。 5. 第五段说“这并不总是容易，但非常有趣”，后文应给出鼓励性总结。选项B“Remember, every great invention starts with a simple idea and a lot of hard work.”作为结尾句，既呼应了前文“不容易但有趣”，又总结了发明需要从简单想法和努力开始，与全文主题一致。 Passage 4 （2025-2026·广东广州天河期中） Have you ever almost bumped into (撞上) someone when opening the car door without looking 1 before getting out? Ju Wenxuan, an eighth-grade student from Shanghai Yangpu Bilingual School, invented a device that could help 2 such accidents. “I noticed that during busy hours when I was rushing to school and being seated in the back of a car, it was 3 to see if it was safe to open the car door,” Ju said. Ju found that there are devices that try to solve this 4 . But they usually come with the newest smart cars and can’t be added to older cars. Hoping to make a difference, Ju 5 a new device that can be used by any car. With remote-sensing image recognition (遥感图像识别) technology and a distance sensor, the device can find people or cars in the mirror as they get 6 . It will sound an alarm when the door handle is pulled if any people or cars are close. To make sure her invention would be affordable for most people, Ju made a questionnaire survey and 7 that most people wanted a device priced between 100 and 300 yuan. So she worked hard to bring down the 8 of her device, such as using as few parts as possible without lowering quality. “If my 9 can become a product used by more people, then it could reduce accidents. Besides, it could be changed for other uses, such as keeping children 10 by sending an alarm when a stranger moves towards them,” Ju added. 1. A. secretly B. politely C. carefully D. quickly 2. A. change B. increase C. improve D. reduce 3. A. hard B. normal C. wrong D. interesting 4. A. stress B. problem C. puzzle D. doubt 5. A. worked on B. turned on C. tried on D. lived on 6. A. farther B. longer C. closer D. shorter 7. A. discovered B. compared C. recorded D. believed 8. A. shape B. color C. size D. cost 9. A. survey B. invention C. chance D. ability 10. A. special B. lucky C. popular D. safe 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文介绍了上海学生发明汽车开门防撞装置，通过遥感技术检测行人车辆并报警，旨在降低事故率且价格亲民。 【解析】1. 句意：你有没有在没仔细看车外情况就开门下车时差点撞到人？ secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地；carefully仔细地；quickly快速地。根据“almost bumped into (撞上) someone”和“without looking”可知，下车时没有仔细观察会撞到别人。故选C。 2. 句意：来自上海杨浦双语学校的八年级学生居文轩(音译)发明了一种设备，可以帮助减少此类事故。 change改变；increase增加；improve改善；reduce减少。根据“invented a device”和“such accidents”以及“then it could reduce accidents”可知，此处指这种设备能减少此类碰撞事故。故选D。 3. 句意：居文轩说：“我注意到，在繁忙的时间里，当我赶去学校，坐在汽车后座时，很难看到打开车门是否安全。” hard困难的；normal正常的；wrong错误的；interesting有趣的。根据“when I was rushing to school”可知，高峰期，坐在后座，着急去上学时，很难发现打开车门是否安全。故选A。 4. 句意：居文轩发现，有一些设备试图解决这个问题。 stress压力；problem问题；puzzle谜题；doubt怀疑。根据“try to solve this”可知，此处指解决前面提到的下车撞到人的问题。故选B。 5. 句意：为了引起变化，居文轩研发了一种可以被任何汽车使用的新设备。 worked on从事；turned on打开；tried on试穿；lived on靠……生活。根据“invented a device”和“a new device”可知，此处指致力于或从事研发设备。故选A。 6. 句意：通过遥感图像识别技术和距离传感器，该设备可以在人或车靠近时发现镜中的人或车。 farther更远的；longer更长的；closer更近的；shorter更短的。根据“ It will sound an alarm when the door handle is pulled if any people or cars are close.”可知，该设备能检测接近的物体。故选C。 7. 句意：为了确保大多数人都能买得起她的发明，居文轩做了一份问卷调查，发现大多数人想要价格在100到300元之间的设备。 discovered发现；compared比较；recorded记录；believed相信。根据“Ju made a questionnaire survey”可知，此处指通过问卷调查发现人们心中的理想价格。故选A。 8. 句意：因此，她努力降低设备的成本，比如在不降低质量的情况下尽可能少使用零部件。 shape形状；color颜色；size尺寸；cost成本。根据“To make sure her invention would be affordable for most people”和“using as few parts as possible”可知，此处指通过减少零部件来降低成本，让人们买得起。故选D。 9. 句意：如果我的发明可以成为更多人使用的产品，那么它可以减少事故。 survey调查；invention发明；chance机会；ability能力。根据“invented a device”和“then it could reduce accidents”可知，此处指居文轩的发明被更多的人使用，就能减少事故。故选B。 10. 句意：居文轩补充道：“此外，它还可以被改变为其他用途，比如当陌生人走近孩子们时，通过发送警报来保护孩子们的安全。” special特殊的；lucky幸运的；popular流行的；safe安全的。根据“by sending an alarm when a stranger moves towards them”可知，此处指通过发送警报来保护孩子的安全。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $