Unit 2 Getting along单元语法精讲精练-2026-2027 学年外研版八年级上册英语

**基本信息** 本练习针对外研版八年级上册Unit 2现在完成时（2），以“基础巩固-能力进阶-综合应用”分层设计，题量20:15:10，覆盖核心语法点，助力语言能力提升与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层（单项选择）|基础句式、for/since用法、瞬间动词转换|聚焦语法公式应用，如第2题考join→be a member of转换| |进阶层（单词填空）|动词时态变化、since从句|强化语境中时态运用，如第2题结合since+一般过去时| |综合层（句型转换）|同义转换、特殊疑问句|提升句式转换能力，如第3题buy→have的同义句改写|

答案解析 一、单项选择（共20小题） 1.答案：C。解析：since 1980（自从1980年）是现在完成时标志词，结构have/has+过去分词。主语she是第三人称单数，用has written。A一般现在时；B一般过去时；D一般将来时，均不符合。 2.答案：A。解析：in 2014是过去时间点，第一空用一般过去时joined；第二空for over 3 years表时间段，瞬间动词join不能接时间段，要变为延续性be a member of。join是瞬间动词，不能和for连用，排除B、C、D。 3.答案：C。解析：for 6 years为时间段，buy是瞬间动词，不能接时间段，要替换为延续性have；现在完成时have had。A一般过去时；B时态错误；D中bought是buy过去分词，瞬间动词，不能搭配for，排除。 4.答案：A。解析：第一空人不在家，去了公园还没回来，用have gone to；第二空ten minutes ago是一般过去时标志，动词用went。have been to表示去过已经回来，与语境矛盾，排除C、D；B第二空go时态错误。 5.答案：D。解析：for two weeks时间段，borrow是瞬间动词，改为延续性keep；现在完成时have kept。A原形；Bborrowed是瞬间动词，不能接时间段；C一般过去时，时态不对。 6.答案：B。解析：How long提问时长。since+一段时间ago可以用于现在完成时；A错误，since后接时间点，不能接时间段；CFive years ago用于一般过去时；D表达错误，for后接时间段，不能加ago。 7.答案：D。解析：for over two years时间段，leave瞬间动词，变为延续be away from；本句是现在完成时，主语they，have been away from。A一般过去时；Bleft瞬间动词，不能接for；C一般过去时，时态错误。 8.答案：D。解析：since1992现在完成时标志；句子主语是The life；we were used to是定语从句修饰life。主语life单数，助动词用has，changed过去分词。A一般现在时；B主语是life单数不能用have；Cchanging是非谓语，不能作谓语。 9.答案：B。解析：since last May自从去年五月，现在完成时。die瞬间动词，不能接since/for，改为延续be dead。Adied瞬间动词；Chave died中died是瞬间动词；Dfor后面要接时间段，last May是时间点要用since。 10.答案：D。解析：第一空for a week时间段，open动词“开业”是瞬间动词，延续状态be open；现在完成has been open；第二空doesn’t后接动词原形open。A、Copened瞬间动词，不能搭配for a week；Bhas been opened被动语态，此处表达店铺开业状态不用被动。 11.答案：B。解析：第一空找不到史密斯先生，人去广州没回来，用has gone to；第二空for a week时间段，there是地点副词省略to，has been there。have been to表示去过已经回来，不符合语境，排除A、C、D。 12.答案：D。解析：since+一般过去时从句，意为“自从……”，用于现在完成时。Aafter在……之后；Bfor后接时间段，不能接从句；Cuntil直到，语义不通。 13.答案：D。解析：when引导一般现在时从句“当他到达车站的时候”，他到达是过去动作，公交车在他到之前就已经开走20分钟，是过去的过去，用过去完成时had been away；leave瞬间动词，改为延续be away。A现在完成，left瞬间；Bleft瞬间动词不能接时间段；Chas been away时态不匹配。 14.答案：C。解析：for ten years时间段，make friends中make是瞬间动词，要改为延续be friends；现在完成have been。Amade一般过去时；Bmade瞬间动词；D现在进行时，不接时间段。 15.答案：D。解析：for twenty minutes时间段，begin瞬间动词，改为延续be on；现在完成has been on。Abegun瞬间动词不能接时间段；B一般过去时；C一般将来时，均错。 16.答案：A。解析：后句they will be back next week他们下周才回来，说明去英国还没回来，用have gone to。Bhave been to去过已经回来；Chave gone in搭配错误；Dhas been on主语不匹配，语义错误。 17.答案：A。解析：there是地点副词，前面省略to；have been there many times去过那里很多次。B多to；Chave been in待在某地；Dhave gone to去了没回来，语义不对。 18.答案：A。解析：neither…nor…谓语就近原则，靠近I，助动词用have；语境“我和杰克都没去过那里”，there副词省略to，用have been。B过去完成时态错误；Chave gone去了没回来语义错误；Dhas主谓不一致，语义错误。 19.答案：B。解析：李磊不在教室，去办公室还没回来，用has gone。A现在进行；Chas been去过已经回来；D一般将来，语境不对。 20.答案：D。解析：for eight years时间段，现在完成时has lived。A过去进行；B一般现在；C一般将来，时态不匹配。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共15小题） 1.答案：has taught。解析：for about 20 years现在完成时标志；主语Mr.Zhang三单，teach过去分词taught。 2.答案：has set；took。解析：since引导从句，主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时；主语Janet三单set过去分词set；take过去式took。 3.答案：haven’t been。解析：for a while一段时间，现在完成时否定；be过去分词been。 4.答案：has rung。解析：since I entered this room现在完成时标志；the telephone单数；ring过去分词rung。 5.答案：lost。解析：since引导从句，从句用一般过去时；lose过去式lost。 6.答案：have watched。解析：for hours时间段，现在完成时；主语you，watch过去分词watched。 7.答案：has sent。解析：since引导从句现在完成时；one of+名词复数作主语谓语三单；send过去分词sent。 8.答案：hasn’t come。解析：since then自从那时起，现在完成时否定；主语he，come过去分词come。 9.答案：has played。解析：for three years时间段，现在完成时；主语Bill’s cousin三单，play过去分词played。 10.答案：were introduced。解析：since引导从句，schools和introduce是被动关系“被引入校园”，一般过去时被动语态。 11.答案：have been married。解析：for over 40 years时间段；marry瞬间动词，延续表达be married；主语the old couple复数，现在完成have been married。 12.答案：have had。解析：since this term began现在完成时标志；have过去分词had。 13.答案：has grown。解析：since引导从句，现在完成时；Wuxi单数，grow过去分词grown。 14.答案：has missed。解析：since he was ill现在完成时；主语he三单，miss过去分词missed。 15.答案：started。解析：since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时；start过去式started。 三、句型转换（共10小题） 1.答案：Where has；gone。解析：划线the high‑speed train station地点，用where提问；has gone to结构，where是副词省略to；疑问句has提前。 2.答案：How long has；lived。解析：划线for about15 years是时长，用How long提问；现在完成时疑问句has提前。 3.答案：has had。解析：five years ago改为for five years；bought（buy瞬间动词）替换延续have；主语my uncle三单，现在完成has had。 4.答案：been in。解析：a year ago改成for a year；move瞬间动词，延续be in+地点；have后接been。 5.答案：been over。解析：ended（end瞬间动词），for5分钟时间段；end延续be over；has后接been。 6.答案：kept；since。解析：borrow瞬间动词改为延续keep；two days ago是时间起点，用since；has后接kept。 7.答案：have been。解析：join瞬间动词改为延续be in the Party；for three years现在完成，主语I，have been。 8.答案：has been。解析：arrive瞬间动词，for two hours时间段；arrive延续be here；主语the train三单，has been。 9.答案：hasn’t lived。解析：现在完成时变否定，助动词has后加not，动词用过去分词lived。 10.答案：has gone。解析：人不在家，去乡下未回；用have/has gone to；主语Mike三单，has gone。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版（新教材）八年级上册Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心语法精讲精练 核心语法：现在完成时（2） 知识点1 核心语法讲解（现在完成时·持续用法） 1. 定义：表示动作或状态从过去发生，持续到现在，现在依然存在。 2. 基础句式公式 句式类型 基础公式 例句+翻译 肯定句 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 I have lived here for five years. 我已经在这里住了五年。 否定句 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词 She hasn’t talked to him for a long time. 她已经很久没有和他联系了。 一般疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you known each other for a long time? 你们认识很久了吗？ 特殊疑问句 （询问时长） How long + have / has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long have you been friends? 你们成为朋友多久了？ 注意：How long 用于询问持续时长，句中谓语必须为延续性动词，不能使用瞬间动词。 知识点2 for / since 必考用法详解 两者均用于现在完成时表持续，必须搭配延续性动词使用 介词 核心功能 可用结构 例句 for 接时间段，表持续时长 for + 一段时间 We have been friends for five years. 我们做朋友五年了。 since 接时间起点，表起始时间 ① since + 时间点 ② since + 一般过去时从句 ③ since + 一段时间+ago We have been friends since Grade 3. We have lived here since five years ago. 补充： 1.同义转换： `since + 一段时间+ago = for + 对应时间段` 例：We have lived here since five years ago. = We have lived here for five years. 2.中考必考句型： It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 例：It has been five years since we became friends. 知识点3 重难点：瞬间动词→延续性动词转换 瞬间动词动作一次性完成，不能与 for / since / How long 连用，必须替换为延续性动词 瞬间动词 （不可接时间段） 延续性动词 （可接时间段） 错误例句 正确例句 buy 买 have ❌ I have bought this bike for two years. ✅ I have had this bike for two years. borrow 借入 keep ❌ I have borrowed the book for a week. ✅ I have kept the book for a week. die 死亡 be dead ❌ His grandpa has died for 3 years. ✅ His grandpa has been dead for 3 years. leave 离开 be away ❌ He has left for a month. ✅ He has been away for a month. join 加入 be in / be a member of ❌ He has joined the club for a year. ✅ He has been in the club for a year. begin/start 开始 be on ❌ The movie has begun for 10 minutes. ✅ The movie has been on for 10 minutes. 知识点4 How long 情景问答运用 How long 提问时长，回答只用 for+时间段 或 since+时间起点 1. —How long have you lived here? 你在这里住多久了？ —I have lived here for three years. 我已经在这里住了三年。 2. —How long have you known your best friend? 你认识好朋友多久了？ —I have known her since Grade 3. 我从三年级就认识她了。 知识点5 高频辨析：have been to / have gone to / have been in 短语 核心含义 使用必考要点 例句 have been to 去过某地 （现已返回） 常搭配 once / twice 等次数 I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过两次上海。 have gone to 去了某地 （尚未返回） 不用于第一、二人称 I/we He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了（人不在现场）。 have been in 在某地停留 （延续状态） 后接时间段，多用于大地点 She has been in Beijing for 3 months. 她在北京待了三个月。 易错提醒：地点副词 home / here / there 前省略介词 to ✅ I have been home. ❌ I have been to home. 知识点6 万能记忆口诀 for看时长，since看起点； since接从句，过去时优先； How long来提问，短暂动词不能用； been to去过已回，gone to去了未归； been in表驻守，地点副词不带to。 考点精练 一、单项选择（共20小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ( )1．My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．will write ( )2．My uncle ________ the club in 2014. He ________ the club for over 3 years. A．joined; has been a member of B．joined; has joined C．has joined; has joined D．has joined; has been in ( )3．—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it? —On my 18th birthday. I ________ it for 6 years. A．bought B．will have C．have had D．have bought ( )4．—Are your parents at home now? —No. They ________ the park. They ________ there ten minutes ago. A．have gone to; went B．have gone to; go C．have been to; went D．have been to; go ( )5．I ________ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the school library. A．borrow B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept ( )6．—How long have you worked here? — ___________. A．Since five years B．Since five years ago C．Five years ago D．For five years ago ( )7．—Do you miss your parents far away? —Yes, very much. They ________ the hometown for over two years. A．left B．have left C．were away from D．have been away from ( )8．The life we were used to ________ greatly since 1992. A．change B．have changed C．changing D．has changed ( )9．More than 20 people ________ in traffic accidents ________ last May. A．died; for B．have been dead; since C．have died; since D．have been dead; for ( )10．—A new shop ________ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there. —Good idea. But it doesn’t ________ on Mondays. A．opened; opened B．has been opened; open C．has opened; opened D．has been open; open ( )11．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ Guangzhou. He ________ there for a week. A．has gone to; has been to B．has gone to; has been C．has been to; has gone to D．has been in; has gone to ( )12．My uncle has taught in this school ________ he was twenty years old. A．after B．for C．until D．since ( )13．When he arrives at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．had been away ( )14．—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making ( )15．You are late. The film ________ for twenty minutes. A．has begun B．began C．will begin D．has been on ( )16．They ________ England and they will be back next week. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have gone in D．has been on ( )17．—Why don’t you go to visit the Great Wall with us? —Because I ________ there many times. A．have been B．have been to C．have been in D．have gone to ( )18．—I’d like you to tell me something about Shennongjia. —I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ________ there. A．have been B．had been C．have gone D．has gone ( )19．— Li Lei isn’t in the classroom. Where is he? —He ________ to the teacher’s office. A．is going B．has gone C．has been D．will go ( )20．Rose came to Beijing in 2002. she ________ here for eight years. A．was living B．live C．will live D．has lived 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共15小题） 1．Mr.Zhang ________ (teach) in our school for about 20 years. 2．Janet ________ (set) a number of world records since she ________ (take) up the sport. 3．How about going to the restaurant tomorrow? We ________ (not be) there for a while. 4．The telephone _________ (ring) four times since I entered this room. 5．Since we ________ (lose) the game, it’s no use turning on him and saying it’s his fault. 6．Tom, you ________ (watch) TV for hours. Why not turn it off and have a rest? 7．One of my classmates _________ (send) me several letters since he moved to another city. 8．The boy last came to school in January, and he ________ (not come) since then. 9．Bill’s cousin ________ (play) the violin for three years. 10．Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ (introduce) into schools. 11．The old couple ________ (marry) for over 40 years. 12．We ________ (have) plenty of valuable experience in voluntary work since this term began. 13．Since the 2026 Spring Festival Gala, Wuxi ________ (grow) into a popular city mixing technology and culture. 14．He ________(miss) three lessons since he was ill. 15．There has been less air pollution in Wuxi since the project ________ (start). 三、句型转换（共10小题） 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1．My father has gone to the high-speed train station.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ your father ________? 2．Our English teacher has lived in Nanjing for about 15 years. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ your English teacher ________ in Nanjing? 3．My uncle bought this car five years ago. （改为同义句） My uncle ________ ________ this car for five years. 4．They moved to China a year ago. （改为同义句） They have ________  ________China for a year. 5．The film ended 5 minutes ago.（改为同义句） The film has ________ ________ for 5 minutes. 6．He borrowed the comic books two days ago.（改为同义句） He has ________ the comic books ________ two days ago. 7．I joined the Party three years ago. (保持句意不变) I _________ _________ in the Party for three years. 8．The train has arrived here. It arrived here two hours ago. (合成一句) The train ________  ________ here for two hours. 9．My father has lived here for thirty years. (改为否定句) My father ________ ________ here for thirty years. 10．Mike isn’t at home now. He went to the countryside. (合并为一个简单句) Mike ________ ________ to the countryside. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $