内容正文:
译林版(三起)五年级上册
Unit 1 Good habits 基础知识总结
一、重点词汇
1. habit 习惯
词性:名词(可数),复数:habits
常见搭配:good habits 好习惯 / bad habits 坏习惯 / develop a habit 养成习惯
例句:Yang Ling has many good habits.
2. listen 听
词性:动词(不及物动词,后接宾语须加介词to)
第三人称单数:listens
常用短语:listen to sb./sth. carefully
例句:In class, she listens to her teachers carefully.
3. exercise 锻炼
词性:动词短语 do exercise
注意:exercise 作"锻炼"讲时为不可数名词;作"练习;习题"讲时为可数名词,复数为exercises
例句:He does exercise every day.
4. carefully 仔细地
词性:副词(修饰动词,通常放动词后面作状语)
词性转换:careful(形容词,仔细的)/ careless(形容词,粗心的)/ care(名词,关心)
5. put…in order 把……整理好
用法:宾语为名词时,可放在put后面或in order后面;宾语为代词时,必须放在put和in order之间
例句:He puts his school things in order.
6. never 从不,绝不
词性:频度副词,位于实义动词前,be动词、助动词或情态动词后
例句:Bobby never keeps his room tidy.
7. tidy 整洁的;整理
词性:形容词 / 动词
常用搭配:keep sth. tidy / tidy up
例句:It's very clean and tidy.
8. take notes 记笔记
note常用复数形式notes
例句:He takes notes in class.
9. in class 在课堂上
固定搭配,不加定冠词the(in the class 表示"在教室里")
例句:In class, she listens to her teachers carefully.
10. do well 成功;做得好
后接宾语时需加介词in:do well in sth.(在某方面做得好,擅长某事)
二、重点短语
get up early 早起
go to bed late 晚睡
listen to the teacher carefully 认真听老师讲课
put school things in order 把学习用品整理好
do exercise 做运动
do chores at home 在家做家务
keep the room tidy 保持房间整洁
read in bed 躺在床上看书
brush one's teeth 刷牙
finish homework on time 按时完成作业
take notes in class 在课堂上记笔记
三、核心句型
1. 描述某人的习惯
主语 + have/has + (good/bad) habits.
例句:Yang Ling has many good habits.
例句:I have good habits.
2. 频率副词描述习惯
主语 + 频率副词 + 动词第三人称单数/原形 + ...
例句:She always does her homework on time.
例句:Bobby never keeps his room tidy.
3. 提出建议
You should + 动词原形 + ...
例句:You should eat slowly.
4. 评价某种行为
It is bad for + 名词/代词.
例句:Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.
四、重点语法
1. 一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。当主语是第三人称单数(he, she, it, 单个的人或物)时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
动词第三人称单数变化规则:
一般情况:直接在词尾加-s,如 listen→listens, keep→keeps, put→puts, read→reads
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾:加-es,如 do→does, go→goes, watch→watches, teach→teaches
以"辅音字母+y"结尾:变y为i,再加-es,如 study→studies, fly→flies, try→tries
不规则变化:特殊记忆,如 have→has
教材例句:
Bobby keeps his room tidy. (主语Bobby是第三人称单数)
She listens to her teachers carefully. (主语she是第三人称单数)
He puts his school things in order. (主语he是第三人称单数)
Wang Bing has many good habits. (主语Wang Bing是第三人称单数)
2. 频度副词的用法
常见频度副词(按频率由高到低):
always(总是,100%)→ usually(通常,80%)→ often(经常,60%-80%)→ sometimes(有时,20%-40%)→ never(从不,0%)
频度副词的位置:
实义动词前:She never keeps her room tidy.
be动词后:She is sometimes sleepy after lunch.
注意:
never本身已表示否定,句中不再用not
错误:She doesn't never tidy her room.
正确:She never tidies her room.
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