Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词-ing形式作主语这一核心语法点，系统梳理其直接作主语、it作形式主语、There is no结构等三种情况，明确谓语单复数规则及与不定式作主语的区别，通过“先感悟-会发现-善归纳-运用练”构建完整学习支架。 资料以“形式-意义-使用”三维动态语法观为指导，结合听力二次开发、词汇拓展及分层作业设计，助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质。课中实例讲解与互动练习增强教学效果，课后语法填空、语篇阅读等巩固知识，有效帮助学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Using language Part Ⅰ　Grammar 动词－ing形式作主语 Playing sports① is important to children．Children who compete in a sport will learn how to deal with failure， because even though they work hard to master the skills needed for a sport， there is no saying② whether they will always win．Sports also help children see that cheating is foolish．In sports， it’s no use pretending③ to fall down or be hurt， because in the end， the audience will see through it．Taking part in sports events④ is fun but not always easy， so it helps children learn how to deal with stress， something that everyone must learn to face in life． ①④是动词－ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数； ②是固定句式there is no saying，意为“很难说……，说不准……”； ③是it’s no use doing sth结构，意为“做某事没用”。其中，it作形式主语，动词－ing短语作真正的主语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、动词－ing形式作主语的几种情况 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）Knowing where the ball would go wasn’t easy． ②（教材典句）Shooting with great accuracy was another thing he learnt． ③It is a waste of time trying persuading such a person． ④It is no good eating too much sweet food． ⑤There was no knowing when he would leave． 【会发现】 以上句子均为动词－ing形式作主语。句③④中的it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语为动词－ing短语。句⑤中的There is no结构中，通常用动词－ing形式作主语，意为“不可能， 没有”。 【善归纳】 1.动词－ing形式作主语通常表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 2.动词－ing形式作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it 作形式主语。常见句式如下： It is/was 3.在There is no结构中，通常用动词－ing形式作主语，意为“不可能，没有”。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Cooperating （cooperate） with people from diverse cultures helps us view the world from different angles． ②It’s no use complaining （complain） that you don’t have an opportunity to get an ideal job． ③Collecting （collect） traditional folk stories from the elderly requires a great deal of patience and time． ④It’s no good taking （take） over the experience of foreign countries uncritically． ⑤There is no denying （deny） that everyone should be responsible for protecting our fragile environment． 二、动词－ing形式作主语时谓语动词的单复数 【先感悟】 ①To many parents， raising children means providing them with food and clothes．They are wrong as mental care is also important for kids． ②Running in the morning is a good habit that helps improve my physical health． ③Eating and dressing are still a big question in some African countries． 【会发现】 句①②中的谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，句③中的谓语动词为复数形式。 【善归纳】 动词－ing作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式；但两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词－ing作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 【运用练】　 完成句子 ①Reading books in the library is quite peaceful， and you must keep quiet all the time． 在图书馆读书是很安静的，而且你必须始终保持安静。 ②Being part of the winning team makes him feel extremely proud of his hard work． 成为获胜队伍的一员让他对自己的辛勤付出感到极其自豪。 ③Not having told the truth makes the boy feel very guilty whenever he meets his parents． 没说实话让那个男孩每当见到父母时都感到非常内疚。 ④Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out． 勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好方法。 ⑤Travelling through space， visiting a pirate ship， or meeting an adorable fairytale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland． 无论是遨游太空、参观海盗船，还是邂逅可爱的童话或卡通人物，这些在迪士尼乐园都能实现。 三、动词不定式与动词－ing形式作主语时的区别 【先感悟】 ①Playing with fire is dangerous． ②To swim in the ocean is my dream． 【会发现】 句①为动词－ing形式作主语；句②为动词不定式短语作主语。 【善归纳】 动词不定式作主语 往往表示具体的或一次性的动作 动词－ing形式作主语 表示一般或抽象的多次性行为 【运用练】　完成句子 ①For middle school students， asking questions is the easiest way to effectively promote active learning． 对中学生而言，问问题是有效促进主动学习最简单的方法。 ②Playing football ranks first in boys’ after－class activities．So to learn to play volleyball today seems quite unusual and surprising to the guys． 踢足球在男孩的课外活动中排第一，所以今天学打排球对于这些孩子来说很不寻常和令人惊讶。 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1.Psychology research suggests waiting （wait） for things actually makes us happier in the long run． 2.Taking responsibility for mistakes is （be） a positive step， but don’t beat yourself up about them． 3.Owning （own） a dog makes you spend more time outdoors， and time spent outdoors improves health． 4.It is a waste of energy arguing with people who refuse to listen to reason． 5.Being recognized （recognize） in the street by his fans made the singer feel somewhat uneasy． 6.The parents’ not supporting （support） his decision to study art made the young man very disappointed． 7.It is essential to provide （provide） the children with a safe environment where they can play freely． 8.Singing （sing） is my hobby， and to sing （sing） at my friend’s birthday party is my dream． 9.There is no denying （deny） that the driver was to blame for the accident． 10.Lacking （lack） confidence resulted in his failure in the job interview yesterday． Ⅱ．完成句子 1.It’s no good spending too much time chatting or playing online games． 花太多时间聊天或玩网络游戏没有好处。 2.Sharing your feelings with friends can have a positive effect on your mental health． 和朋友分享你的感受会对你的心理健康产生积极的影响。 3.Equipping yourself with professional skills will enable you to find a better job in the future． 用专业技能武装自己将使你能够在未来找到一份更好的工作。 4.Eating plenty of fresh vegetables does good to our digestive system and keeps us energetic． 多吃新鲜蔬菜有利于我们的消化系统并让我们保持精力充沛。 5.Since then， finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal． 从那时起，寻找方法种植更多的水稻是他的人生目标。 Part Ⅱ　Listening and speaking 一、听力清障 1.make him feel young让他感到年轻 2.go roller skating　　去滑旱冰 3.see the people there doing sports　　看到那里的人们正在做运动 4.at such advanced ages　　在如此高龄 5.ask for membership ［̍membəʃIp］　　申请会员资格 6.do us good　　对我们有益 7.win this award ［ə̍wɔːd］　　赢得这个奖项 8.hold the world record　　保持世界纪录 9.give a chance　　给一次机会 10.be based on　　基于，以……为根据 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Ⅰ．Listen to the voicemail in the textbook and choose the best answers． 1.Why does Todd make the phone call？（　　） A．To share first－day volunteering experience． B．To invite Ellen to join club activities． C．To seek advice on engaging with seniors． 2.What might Todd do this weekend？（　　） A．Go to do some exercise． B．Volunteer again in the club． C．Register for a membership． 3.What is the probable relationship between the two speakers？（　　） A．Sister and brother． B．Friends． C．Classmates． 答案：1－3　AAB Ⅱ．Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answers． 1.What are the two speakers talking about？（　　） A．Laureus World Team of the Year． B．Laureus World Sportsman of the Year． C．The history of the Laureus World Sports Awards． 2.How often is the Laureus World Sports Awards held？（　　） A．Each year． B．Every other year． C．Every two years． 3.How do the speakers sound at the coming show？（　　） A．Excited．　 B．Indifferent．　 　C．Ambiguous． 答案：1－3　BAA 听力材料： Ⅱ． Sam：Michelle， are you going to watch the Laureus World Sports Awards on TV this evening？ Michelle：Of course．I watch this show every year．Wouldn’t miss it! Sam：So， some of the names nominated for Sportsman of the Year are Usain Bolt the runner， LeBron James the basketball player and Andy Murray the tennis player．Who do you think should win？ Michelle：Well， I don’t think it should be Usain Bolt．He’s already won this award three times． Sam：Are you serious？!Lightning Bolt holds the world record for the 100 metres and the 200 metres．He also holds the world record for being part of the 4×100 metres relay．Of course he should win! Michelle：Well， I just think other people should be given a chance． Sam：So， who would be your choice？ Michelle：Personally， I hope Andy Murray wins．After all， he’s the only tennis player to have won two Olympic singles titles．Besides， he is a spokesperson for women players’ equality．He believes that women should have the same rights as men in sports．That’s why he has lots of fans． Sam：Yes， Andy Murray could have a good chance．But the winner shouldn’t be chosen based on their number of fans．I think LeBron James might have a better chance． Michelle：Well， it definitely shouldn’t be LeBron James．I mean， he is not that famous． Sam：What？! He is one of the biggest names in basketball．LeBron is world－famous! He has Olympic gold medals and National Basketball Association championships — in fact， he led his home town basketball team to win its first NBA Championship in 2016.You see， he’s also an excellent team leader as well as a great player． Michelle：OK， OK — I didn’t know that! Well， all of them seem to have a good chance of winning．Now I really can’t wait for the results! （二）听力填空 Listen to the voicemail in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear． 　　Hi Ellen， it’s Todd here．I’ve just finished my first day 1.volunteering at the Senior Citizens’ Sports Club! It’s made me see life as an older person 2.with fresh eyes! 　　Some members like to do yoga because it helps them keep their muscles toned， while others love to do aerobics — one elderly man says the energy of it makes him 3.feel young again! Ball games are also popular．Many enjoy playing table tennis or going bowling， while there were lots of people 4.playing badminton， and many like to play golf．I even encountered a man who， at the age of 68， was 5.brave enough to go roller skating! Not only did he have guts， he was much faster than me! 　　I must say， it was really 6.inspiring to see the people there doing sports， even at such advanced ages．It made me 7.think about going to the Central Stadium this Saturday．The sports club there doesn’t ask for membership．We can play tennis or go rock climbing．It would do us 8.a lot more good than playing computer games． ◇honour v．尊敬，敬重；给……以荣誉 n．［U］ 荣誉；荣幸 ［C］ 光荣的人或事 教材原句　In this spirit， the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable sportspeople．本着这种精神，劳伦斯世界体育奖是一个以表彰杰出运动员的年度颁奖典礼。 【用法】 （1）honour sb with sth 用……向某人表示敬意 honour sb with sth for sth　　因某事而给予某人荣誉 be/feel honoured to do sth 因做某事而感到荣幸 （2）in honour of/in one’s honour 　为了纪念……；为向……表示敬意 have the honour of doing/to do sth有幸做某事 It is an honour to do sth　很荣幸做某事 【佳句】　He has been honoured with a knighthood for his scientific work． 他因科研成就而获授爵士头衔。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Some were in memory of settlers’ former homes， others in honour of historic events． ②I am truly honoured to be invited （invite） to give a speech about the future of technology today． 【写美】　完成句子 ③It is a great honour to deliver a speech here to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera． 很荣幸能在这里发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。 维度一：基础题型练 单句语法填空 1.Running （run） in the morning is a good habit that helps improve my physical health． 2.It is a great challenge for a teenage girl to travel （travel） across the country alone． 3.It is quite meaningful for students to participate （participate） in social activities during summer vacations． 4.Tom’s arriving （arrive） late for the interview left a bad impression on the manager． 5.Learning （learn） a foreign language requires not only interest but also constant practice． 6.Living in a big city with so much noise and pollution is （be） stressful for many people． 7.In my opinion， it is a waste of time persuading （persuade） such a person to join us in the activity． 8.Being equipped （equip） with modern facilities is necessary for a school to provide a good learning environment． 9.Having （have） a good command of English is of help when looking for a job． 10.It is worthwhile having/to have （have） a try even if you may fail in the semi－final． 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.Loving nature can inspire children’s love for their family members． 热爱大自然能激起孩子对家庭成员的爱。 2.Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy． 每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。 3.Encouraging children to get close to the nature， I think， will benefit them in the long run． 鼓励孩子们亲近大自然，我认为，从长远来看，对他们是有益的。 4.It is a waste of time arguing with him about this matter． 同他争论这件事是浪费时间。 5.My son’s living up to my expectations really made me proud． 我儿子能达到我的期望真的让我很自豪。 6.Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old． 散步对年轻人和老年人都是一种很好的锻炼方式。 7.To every one of us， being admitted to Peking University is a great honor． 对我们每个人来说，被北京大学录取是一个很大的荣誉。 8.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good． 早晨大声朗读英文对你有很大的好处。 9.It is useless trying to argue with such a stubborn person． 试图和这样一个固执的人争论是没有用的。 10.It is natural for a mother to worry about her children． 一位母亲担心她的孩子是很正常的。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给动词的适当形式完成下面短文 　　For each class in our school， there are two to three periods of PE class every week， in which 1.playing （play） basketball and 2.running （run） are offered to students．Besides， the school sports 3.meeting （meet） is held annually，which students can take part in according to their interests．What I recommend you to learn is Chinese kung fu， a traditional sport in China．4.Practising （practise） it regularly will help you stay fit in a fantastic way． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•四川南充期中）When I signed up for a triathlon years ago， I had one goal．It wasn’t to win the race — or even to place in the top half．My goal was simple： not to finish in last place．Second to last？ OK．So long as I was not the last．I wanted to avoid the shame and mockery of a participation trophy．After all， my son， Zane， would join it．I didn’t want him to perceive his dad as a loser．I’m not much of an athlete．I find lung－burning aerobic exercise deeply unpleasant．But that summer my son came up with a drastic proposal： Let’s do a triathlon together! I felt I couldn’t say no． 　　When we got to the base camp， I found these folks were well－prepared with sharply defined muscles．Don’t panic， I told myself， there must be a few even less prepared than I was． 　　We lined up by the shore and dived into the bay．The icy water made me gasp．Zane pulled away with strong freestyle strokes．I resorted to the breaststroke．Eventually I made it back to land．I ran to my bike and started pedaling along the hilly course．After 12 miles， there were several racers behind me． 　　I wasn’t in last place．When I glanced back， I saw a woman maybe in her 70s．I can take her， I told myself．In the final mile， her sneaker－steps got louder and faster．I watched her pull away and disappear．There I was．Alone．I refused to walk although walking would probably have been faster than my foot dragging running．Worse， I was joined by a four－wheeled symbol of shame： the official ambulance behind me． 　　Finally， I crossed the finish line， 121st out of 121 racers．Zane hugged and congratulated me．I was embarrassed．I thought of an impressive number of excuses．But on our way back， the humiliation faded．My embarrassment was gradually replaced by pride．I had reframed my last－place finish as a victory． 　　I’m not a loser．I’m a triathlete and a role model for my son! Persistence and resilience are what I displayed．I was racing against myself instead of others．Plus， my son did great， placing somewhere in the middle．I love that．Also， there is something glorious about last place．I may not be a great athlete， but I am a champion at changing the narrative， which might be more useful than athletic ability． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和儿子参加铁人三项，虽然获得了最后一名，但他将此视为胜利，感悟到坚持和韧性比输赢更重要。 1.Why did the author mention his goal at the beginning of the article？（　　） A．To explain his motivation of avoiding personal shame． B．To show his strong desire to win the competition． C．To criticize the concept of participation trophies． D．To emphasize the significance of winning． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的I wanted to avoid ．．． trophy．可知，作者在文章开头提及目标是为了解释自己不想丢脸的参赛动机。 2.How did the author feel when he arrived at the base camp？（　　） A．Excited and confident． B．Nervous and unsure． C．Prepared and cocky． D．Indifferent and uninterested． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者看到其他参赛者状态良好时自我安慰，体现出他紧张又不确定的心情。 3.Why did the author say that he “reframed my last－place finish as a victory” in paragraph 5？（　　） A．To pretend to win despite actually losing． B．To emphasize his son’s good performance． C．To avoid humiliation and mockery． D．To show his change and personal growth． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段I’m not a loser ．．． instead of others．可知，作者将最后一名的结果重新定义为胜利，是为了体现自己的转变和个人成长。 4.What is the main message conveyed through the author’s experience？（　　） A．The humiliation of finishing in last place． B．The importance of family’s encouragement． C．The value of perseverance and determination． D．The joy of participating in athletic events with family． 解析：C　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段可知，作者的经历传递的核心思想是坚持和决心的价值。 B 　　Excessive behavior （过激行为） by some parents at youth sports events， such as shouting at referees （裁判员）， is causing concern．Although such incidents are not frequent， they are severe enough to significantly impact staff in high schools．A new study by the National Federation of State High School Associations revealed that 75% of high school referees quit due to this type of behavior in the United States． 　　“Sometimes parents are putting a lot of pressure on their children by shouting at referees．That can create a negative environment，” sports doctor Dr Soma explains．“Sometimes parents even go so far as to sign their children up for a sport that they don’t want to join．Such behaviors erode children’s enjoyment of a sport， eventually causing them to leave the sport they once loved．” 　　Sports doctor Dr Soma says most parents want to guide their children to happiness and success．But sometimes， they lose sight of what is truly important．Instead of focusing on their child’s interest and pleasure， they pay too much attention to the outcome of competitions．As a result， a child simply walks away from all the fun and physical， social， and mental health benefits that they can get from playing a sport．“Parents want the best for their children，” says Dr Soma， “but it is also not uncommon for parents to try to realize their dreams through their kids — not just in sports， but in many fields．” 　　Dr Max R．Trenerry from the Mayo Clinic suggests that parents should support their children in sports by being a safety net rather than pushing them too hard．This means helping kids build good sports habits， letting them talk about their games in their own way and choose when and how they compete， and making sure they feel part of a team．Parents should teach their kids that sports are not just about winning but also about teamwork and growth． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一些家长在青少年体育赛事中的过激行为造成的影响，建议父母多关注孩子对运动的热情和兴趣，而不是比赛的结果。 5.What does the new study focus on？（　　） A．The effect of parents’ excessive behavior． B．Reasons for parents shouting at referees． C．The significance of youth sports events． D．The causes of high school teachers quitting． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，研究显示75%的高中裁判因为一些家长在青少年体育赛事中的过激行为而辞职，所以这项研究关注的是父母过激行为的影响。 6.What does the underlined word “erode” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A．Reflect．　 B．Reduce． C．Protect．　 D．Improve． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可推知，画线词所在句意思是“这种行为削弱了孩子们对运动的享受，最终导致他们离开他们曾经热爱的运动”，所以画线词意思是“减少，削弱”，和Reduce同义。 7.According to Dr Soma， parents should pay attention to 　　　　．（　　） A．the outcome of important competitions B．the ways of building children’s sports habits C．children’s passion for sports D．children’s physical health 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Sports doctor Dr Soma ．．．outcome of competitions．可推知，Soma博士所说的意味着家长应该关注孩子对运动的热情，因为这关乎孩子是否真正享受运动、愿意参与运动。 8.What is Dr Max R．Trenerry’s suggestion for parents？（　　） A．Encouraging kids to attempt multiple sports． B．Teaching kids practical skills in person． C．Accompanying kids to join the competitions． D．Providing supportive guidance for kids． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Dr Max R． Trenerry ．．．feel part of a team．可知，Max R． Trenerry博士建议父母为孩子提供支持性指导。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　（2026•黑龙江大庆期中）The last thing Matthews remembered before waking up in the hospital was riding along a quiet street． 　　It was late last September and Matthews was 　9　 for the Ironman World Championship， due to take place in Hawaii 10 days later．“In fact， this particular street was my favourite， but that sounds 　10　 now，” the 31－year－old said． 　　Her teammates had to 　11　 her on what had happened．“Initially， you just got up straight away and started moving around， 　12　 us that you were fine to go on，” one teammate recalled．“I don’t 　13　 any of that，” Matthews smiled．“You’d actually hit the car so perfectly that it broke the thickest bone above your neck，” the teammate continued． 　　Many people would think twice about their choice of 　14　 after a disastrous episode like that．But Matthews is clearly not the 　15　 person．After just a few days in hospital， she 　16　 leaving hospital and flew to Hawaii anyway．Matthews 　17　 her fellow athlete who beat other competitors and claimed the gold， and dreamt it might be her obtaining the 　18　 soon． 　　Despite some issues， Matthews is 　19　 waiting for the coming intensive winter training．She makes it sound as if she is recovering from a（n） 　20　 wound．In fact， what she is attempting — her 　21　 is being made into a documentary by the Professional Triathletes Organization — impresses a large audience． 　　Any bystander may think the 　22　 is enough for her to 　23　 for a long time! But Matthews smiles， “I’m just going to keep doing what I’m doing．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了铁人三项运动员马修斯在铁人三项世界锦标赛赛前训练时遭遇车祸、颈部重伤，但她始终怀揣梦想，最终成功复出的经历，展现出坚韧不拔的体育精神。 9.A．shopping　 B．travelling C．volunteering　 D．training 解析：D　根据Ironman World Championship可知，这是体育赛事，参赛选手赛前会进行训练，由此可推出她当时在为赛事训练。 10.A．reasonable　 B．reliable C．laughable　 D．serious 解析：C　根据下文可知，她在自己喜爱的街上出了车祸，如今再提及这条街是自己的最爱，就显得很可笑。 11.A．acquire　 B．update C．congratulate　 D．distance 解析：B　根据下文You’d actually hit the car so perfectly that it broke the thickest bone above your neck可知，队友在向她描述她不记得的事故经过，这是在“告知最新情况”。 12.A．praising　 B．convincing C．recommending　 D．warning 解析：B　根据that you were fine to go on可知，她当时的行为是为了让队友相信自己身体无碍能继续训练。 13.A．secure　 B．believe C．predict　 D．remember 解析：D　根据文章首句可知，她对车祸后续的事情没有记忆，所以队友说的这些事她都不记得。 14.A．careers　 B．teammates C．hospitals　 D．words 解析：A　根据上文可知，马修斯的职业是铁人三项运动员，一场可能影响运动生涯的严重事故，会让普通人对自己的职业选择产生动摇。 15.A．average　 B．outstanding C．genuine　 D．modest 解析：A　根据上文Many people would think twice about their choice of 　14　 after a disastrous episode like that和下文After just a few days in hospital， she 　16　 leaving hospital and flew to Hawaii anyway．的行为对比可知，她和普通人态度不同，不是普通人。 16.A．lay aside　 B．gave in C．persevered in　 D．missed out 解析：C　根据leaving hospital and flew to Hawaii anyway可知，她不顾伤情坚持出院。 17.A．comforted　 B．cheered C．replaced　 D．instructed 解析：B　根据her fellow athlete who beat other competitors and claimed the gold可知，对于夺冠的同行，作为同项目运动员的她会表示喝彩。 18.A．approval　 B．support C．appointment　 D．title 解析：D　claimed the gold（夺得金牌）对应的是获得冠军头衔，此处指她也梦想自己能获得该头衔。 19.A．initially　 B．gratefully C．eagerly　 D．fortunately 解析：C　根据上文可知，她渴望早日夺得冠军头衔，所以是热切地期待集训。 20.A．insignificant　 B．sensitive C．severe　 D．unidentifiable 解析：A　根据上文队友描述她broke the thickest bone above your neck，这显然是重伤。但此处用as if表示她轻描淡写，将其说成是“轻微的”伤。 21.A．breakdown　 B．comeback C．motivation　 D．retirement 解析：B　根据上文可知，马修斯在重伤后没有放弃运动，反而积极备战，这属于运动生涯的复出。 22.A．mistake　 B．criticism C．conflict　 D．incident 解析：D　根据语境可知，此处指代上文马修斯训练时遭遇车祸的这件事故。 23.A．push forward　 B．back off C．stand out　 D．turn up 解析：B　结合常识可知，严重车祸容易让运动员产生畏惧心理从而退缩，而马修斯却没有这样做。 Ⅲ．语法填空 　　（2026•湖南长沙期中）The Olympics， 24.　　　　　　 extraordinary sporting event， was first celebrated about 3，000 years ago， bringing joy and excitement to people across the world．The Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE when only Greek men 25.　　　　　　 （permit） to participate， competing in a few events， such as boxing， running and the long jump．The modern Olympics were first held in 1896， in Athens．The Olympics were brought back to life by a Frenchman， Pierre de Coubertin， whose dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side 26.　　　　　　 peace． 　　Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster， Higher， Stronger”， many well－known athletes 27.　　　　　　 （devote） themselves to pushing the boundaries of human achievement ever since．Two such Olympians were Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis－Hill， both of 28.　　　　　　 gained remarkable achievements． 　　Though China’s Olympic history is 29.　　　　　　 （relative） short， it has already hosted two highly successful Games．During the 2008 Beijing Olympics， China achieved its 30.　　　　　　 （good） ever medal result， which was a proud moment for the nation．The 2022 Winter Olympics， held in Beijing during the 31.　　　　　　 （globe） pandemic， was thought to be another historic moment for China．These events clearly show how the Olympics can bring people together．The Games continue to inspire young people everywhere， 32.　　　　　　 （encourage） them to pursue their dreams with passion．As the Games continue to grow and change， their core message of unity remains constant．It is this powerful spirit of shared humanity and fair 33.　　　　　　 （compete） that makes the Olympics truly timeless and beloved worldwide． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥运会从古希腊起源到现代复兴的历史，重点讲述了其“更快、更高、更强”的传统格言、知名运动员的贡献以及中国成功举办两届奥运会的成就，强调了奥运会团结人类、促进公平竞争的核心精神。 24.an　考查冠词。sporting event在句中泛指“一项非凡的体育赛事”，且extraordinary的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词修饰。故填an。 25.were permitted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。permit在从句中作谓语，与主语only Greek men（复数）之间是被动关系，且讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were permitted。 26.in　考查介词。in peace是固定短语，意为“和平地”。故填in。 27.have devoted　考查时态和主谓一致。devote在句中作谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，应用现在完成时，且主语athletes是复数名词，谓语用复数形式。故填have devoted。 28.whom　考查定语从句。both of 28.　　　　　 gained remarkable achievements是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis－Hill，指人，关系词作介词of的宾语。故填whom。 29.relatively　考查副词。提示词修饰形容词short，应用副词作状语，意为“相对地”。故填relatively。 30.best　考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，表示与自身历史相比最好的成绩，应用形容词good的最高级作定语。故填best。 31.global　考查形容词。提示词修饰名词pandemic，应用形容词作定语，意为“全球的”。故填global。 32.encouraging　考查非谓语动词。空处作伴随状语，应用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语The Games之间是主谓关系，应用动词－ing形式。故填encouraging。 33.competition　考查名词。提示词作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式，competition作“竞争”之意时为不可数名词。故填competition。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $