内容正文:
Unit 7 Feel the Rhythm单元必背知识(背诵版)
Ⅰ.必背单词 (黑体部分为重点词汇)
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1.rhythm n.节奏;韵律
2.folk adj.民间的n.民间音乐;(pl.folks)各位
3.classical adj.古典音乐的;古典的
4.pop n.流行音乐 v.蹦出
5.jazz n.爵士乐
6.rap n.说唱乐 v.表演说唱乐
7.traditional adj.传统的;习俗的
8.dance to 随着跳舞
9.sing along to 随着唱
10.lyric n.歌词 adj.抒情的
11.electric adj.电的;令人激动的
12.electric guitar 电吉他
13.keyboard n.电子琴;键盘
14.trumpet n. 小号;喇叭
15.style n.风格;方式
16.piece n.一首;一篇
17.performance n.演出;表演
18.golden adj.金色的
19.lover n.情人;爱好者
20.romantic adj.浪漫的;爱情的
21.performer n.演奏者;表演者
22.purple n.紫色adj.紫色的
23.gifted adj.有天赋的
24.poet n.诗人
25.policewoman n.(pl.policewomen)女警察
26.deaf adj.聋的
27.composer n.作曲家
28.electronic adj. 电子的
29.download v.下载n.已下载的数据资料
30.rating n.评分;等级
31.hats off(to sb)(向某人)表示敬佩
32.genius n.天才人物;天赋
33.pianist n.钢琴家;钢琴演奏者
34.outdo v.(outdid, outdone)胜过
35.widen v.拓宽;(使)扩展
36.soul n. 真挚情感;灵魂
37.look down on轻视;蔑视
38.Polish adj.波兰的n.波兰人;波兰语
39.characteristic n.特征;品质adj.典型的;独特的
40.proudly adv.自豪地;壮观地
41.funeral n. 葬礼
42.young and old 老老少少
43.profession n. 职业;行业
44.contribution n.贡献;捐款
45.cartoon n.动画片;漫画
46.fair adj.公平的;合理的n.露天游乐场;集市
47.fair and square 光明正大
48.tape n. 磁带;录像带
49.tap v.用(手指或脚)打节拍;轻敲 n.水龙头;轻拍
50.tap one's feet用脚打节拍
51.champion n.冠军 v.捍卫
52.flowing adj.流畅的;松散的
53.finger n.手指
54.schoolmate n.同学
55.nowadays adv.现在;目前
Ⅱ.必背短语
1.dance to 随着跳舞
2.sing along to随着唱
3.electric guitar电吉他
4.make a new style创造新风格
5.musical instrument乐器
6.musical piece乐曲
7.different kinds of不同种类的
8.make sb do sth让某人做某事
9.imagine sb/sth doing sth 想象某人/某物在做某事
10. Western instruments 西方乐器
11.play.together with与……一起演奏……
12.in purple穿紫色衣服的
13.a beautiful piece of music一曲优美的音乐
14.show an interest in doing sth
对做某事表现出兴趣
15.touch one's heart触动某人的心灵
16.no longer不再
17.hats off (to sb)(向某人)表示敬佩
18.in history在历史上
19.be celebrated as被歌颂为;被誉为
20.leave behind 留下
21.make one's way to前往;设法到达
22.not only... but also... 不仅……而且……
23.put.into.把……放到……里
24.look down on轻视;蔑视
25.cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事
26. be divided up 被分割
27.go through经历;经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期)
28.think of sth as... 把某物看作……
29.die from死于
30.thousands of数以千计的;成千上万的
31.around the world全世界
32.young and old老老少少
33. fair and square光明正大
34. tap one's feet 用脚打节拍
35.with all one's soul全身心投入
36.a piece of music一首曲子
37.remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
38.sound like听起来像
39.pass away 去世
40.so..that... 如此……以至于……
41.break sth into pieces把某物摔成碎片
42.spend time doing sth花时间做某事
43.become good at擅长……
44.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
45.share..with... 与……分享……
46.have fun doing sth做某事很开心
47. make good friends with sb 和某人成为好朋友
48.take part in参加
49.manage to do sth 设法做成某事
Ⅲ.必背句型
1.We want to find out what kind of music everyone likes.
我们想弄清楚每个人喜欢什么样的音乐。
2. I love traditional music that tells a story, for example, folk music.
我喜欢讲故事的传统音乐,比如民间音乐。
3.I like music that I can dance to.我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。
4.Then what kind of music do you like?那你喜欢什么样的音乐?
5.I prefer music that I can sing along to, so it's pop for me.
我更喜欢能跟着唱的音乐,所以对我来说是流行音乐。
6.Yes, it's amazing to hear the erhu and pipa being played together with the keyboard and electric guitar. 是的,听到二胡和琵琶与电子琴和电吉他一起演奏,真是太棒了。
7.It's a piece which everyone loves!这是一首人人都喜欢的曲子!
8.I could sign up for both.我可以两个都报名参加。
9.Everybody is so excited about Sports Day.每个人都对运动会感到非常兴奋。
10.You can get a closer look at every event.你可以更近距离地观看每一个项目。
11.The runners are at the starting line. 赛跑选手们在起跑线上。
12.The judges are reviewing the video to decide who the winner is.
裁判们正在回看录像以决定谁是获胜者。
13.Yes, but for me, I really like music which is full of joy and celebration, such as "Dance of the Golden Snake".
是的,但对我来说,我真的很喜欢充满欢乐和喜庆的音乐,比如《金蛇狂舞》。
14.Yeah, and it's interesting that the performers used both Chinese and Western instruments.
是的,有趣的是演奏者同时使用了中西方乐器。
15.I've never heard the erhu played together with the violin.我从未听过二胡和小提琴一起演奏。
16.I never realized that you could dance to it!我从来没有意识到你可以跟着它跳舞!
17.Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) is considered one of the greatest musicians in history.
弗雷德里克·肖邦(1810-1849)被认为是历史上最伟大的音乐家之一。
18.He was also a gifted composer who left behind more than 200 musical works.
他也是一位有天赋的作曲家,留下了200多首音乐作品。
19.He didn't attend music school until he was 16, but soon outdid his teachers.
他直到16岁才上音乐学校,但很快就超过了他的老师。
20.By 1832, he had made his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for the rest of his life.
到1832年,他已经前往巴黎,这座城市将成为他余生的归宿。
21.Chopin was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher.
肖邦不仅是一位伟大的钢琴家,还是一位受人尊敬的钢琴教师。
22.Polish folk music was a kind of music that some people looked down on at the time—it was seen as too simple and common.
波兰民间音乐在当时是一种被一些人轻视的音乐——它被认为过于简单和普通。
23.His music also helped build a nation which was divided up by other countries.
他的音乐也帮助建立了一个被其他国家分割的民族。
24.When Chopin died from ill health at 39, thousands of people travelled from faraway countries to attend his funeral.
肖邦39岁时因病去世,成千上万的人从遥远的国家赶来参加他的葬礼。
25.The present that changed my life was the guitar my father bought me for my eighth birthday.
改变我一生的礼物是我父亲在我八岁生日时给我买的吉他。
26.I often sat next to my father while he showed me how to play a song.
我经常坐在父亲旁边,看他教我如何弹奏一首曲子。
27.At first, I was too shy to play in front of people.起初,我太害羞了,不敢在人前演奏。
28.We had great fun playing music, and I made good friends with those in the band. Nowadays, our band is getting more and more popular.
我们玩音乐玩得很开心,我和乐队里的人成了好朋友。如今,我们的乐队越来越受欢迎。
29. We often take part in performances both inside and outside our school.
我们经常参加校内外的演出。
30.Although I have become busier this year, I still love playing the guitar and manage to find time for it.虽然今年我变得更忙了,但我仍然喜欢弹吉他,并设法挤出时间来弹。
Ⅳ.语法精萃
定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
①先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词等。
②关系词:引导定语从句的词。
③先行词与关系词的关系。
定语从句
先行词与关系词
①关系代词的用法:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等,指人或事物。
②关系副词的用法:在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或原因。
关系词的用法
①主谓一致问题。
②关系代词that和which.意的事项that和who的用法辨析。
定语从句中需要注意的事项
定语从句三要素即:
1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词(通常出现在定语从句前面)
2.关系词:连接先行词和定语从句的引导词(关系代词和关系副词)
3.做成分:关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当相应成分
关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
I. 定语从句引导词之关系代词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例 句
备 注
关系代 词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人或物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人或物
主语,宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语,宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人或物
主语,宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
As we all know,she is a kind-hearted girl.
as做宾语一般不省略
II. 定语从句中的重要考点
1. 只能用that的情况:
⑴ 先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything,etc。
⑵ 先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
⑶ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。
⑷ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。
⑸ 先行词同时指人和指物时。
⑹ 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。
2.只能用which,不能用that的情况
⑴ 介词后面不能用that ,指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which
⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中,即逗号后面不能用that ,指人,做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which
⑶ 指代前面整个句子,不能用that,只能用which,翻译成中文为“这”。
3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活,可放在主句前也可放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown
意思上
意为“这一点”
意为“正如……,正像……的那样”
注意:先行词被such, as many(much)和the same修饰,从句用 as 引导。
“the same…that表示同一个人或物,而 “the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物
I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.
4. the way 做先行词时 :the way 做先行词,在从句中做状语时,关系词可用in which, that, 或者省略。作主语或者宾语时,关系词用which/that.(作宾语时,可省略)
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
②You speak to her in the way which/ that I don't like.
关系副词when /where/why的用法
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
可用on which
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
可用in which
why
reason
原因状语
可用for which
例句:
①.I will never forget the day when (on which)I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天
②.Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
③.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
具体用法辨析
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2.关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3.关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常常为reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason(=for which)why you don't help him?
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗?
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据:
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera)
The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company)
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书,其中一半是莫言写的。
定语从句的分类及特殊用法
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
注意: that 和why 不能用于非限制定语从句中。
【注意】
1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
3、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
【注意】that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
$Unit 7 Feel the Rhythm单元必背知识(背诵版)
Ⅰ.必背单词 (黑体部分为重点词汇)
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1. _________________ n.节奏;韵律
2. _________________ adj.民间的 n.民间音乐;(pl.folks)各位
3. _________________ adj.古典音乐的;古典的
4. _________________ n.流行音乐 v.蹦出
5. _________________ n.爵士乐
6. _________________ n.说唱乐 v.表演说唱乐
7. _________________ adj.传统的;习俗的
8. _________________ 随着跳舞
9. _________________ 随着唱
10. _________________ n.歌词 adj.抒情的
11. _________________ adj.电的;令人激动的
12. _________________ 电吉他
13. _________________ n.电子琴;键盘
14. _________________ n.小号;喇叭
15. _________________ n.风格;方式
16. _________________ n.一首;一篇
17. _________________ n.演出;表演
18. _________________ adj.金色的
19. _________________ n.情人;爱好者
20. _________________ adj.浪漫的;爱情的
21. _________________ n.演奏者;表演者
22. _________________ n.紫色 adj.紫色的
23. _________________ adj.有天赋的
24. _________________ n.诗人
25. _________________ n.(pl.policewomen)女警察
26. _________________ adj.聋的
27. _________________ n.作曲家
28. _________________ adj.电子的
29. _________________ v.下载 n.已下载的数据资料
30. _________________ n.评分;等级
31. _________________ (向某人)表示敬佩
32. _________________ n.天才人物;天赋
33. _________________ n.钢琴家;钢琴演奏者
34. _________________ v.(outdid, outdone)胜过
35. _________________ v.拓宽;(使)扩展
36. _________________ n.真挚情感;灵魂
37. _________________ 轻视;蔑视
38. _________________ adj.波兰的 n.波兰人;波兰语
39. _________________ n.特征;品质 adj.典型的;独特的
40. _________________ adv.自豪地;壮观地
41. _________________ n.葬礼
42. _________________ 老老少少
43. _________________ n.职业;行业
44. _________________ n.贡献;捐款
45. _________________ n.动画片;漫画
46. _________________ adj.公平的;合理的 n.露天游乐场;集市
47. _________________ 光明正大
48. _________________ n.磁带;录像带
49. _________________ v.用(手指或脚)打节拍;轻敲 n.水龙头;轻拍
50. _________________ 用脚打节拍
51. _________________ n.冠军 v.捍卫
52. _________________ adj.流畅的;松散的
53. _________________ n.手指
54. _________________ n.同学
55. _________________ adv.现在;目前
Ⅱ.必背短语
1. _________________ 随着跳舞
2. _________________ 随着唱
3. _________________ 电吉他
4. _________________ 创造新风格
5. _________________ 乐器
6. _________________ 乐曲
7. _________________ 不同种类的
8. _________________ 让某人做某事
9. _________________ 想象某人/某物在做某事
10. _________________ 西方乐器
11. _________________ 与……一起演奏……
12. _________________ 穿紫色衣服的
13. _________________ 一曲优美的音乐
14. _________________ 对做某事表现出兴趣
15. _________________ 触动某人的心灵
16. _________________ 不再
17. _________________ (向某人)表示敬佩
18. _________________ 在历史上
19. _________________ 被歌颂为;被誉为
20. _________________ 留下
21. _________________ 前往;设法到达
22. _________________ 不仅……而且……
23. _________________ 把……放到……里
24. _________________ 轻视;蔑视
25. _________________ 导致某人做某事
26. _________________ 被分割
27. ___________ 经历;经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期)
28. _________________ 把某物看作……
29. _________________ 死于
30. _________________ 数以千计的;成千上万的
31. _________________ 全世界
32. _________________ 老老少少
33. _________________ 光明正大
34. _________________ 用脚打节拍
35. _________________ 全身心投入
36. _________________ 一首曲子
37. _________________ 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
38. _________________ 听起来像
39. _________________ 去世
40. _________________ 如此……以至于……
41. _________________ 把某物摔成碎片
42. _________________ 花时间做某事
43. _________________ 擅长……
44. _________________ 邀请某人做某事
45. _________________ 与……分享……
46. _________________ 做某事很开心
47. _________________ 和某人成为好朋友
48. _________________ 参加
49. _________________ 设法做成某事
Ⅲ.必背句型
1.We want to ______________what kind of music everyone likes.
我们想弄清楚每个人喜欢什么样的音乐。
2. I love ______________that tells a story, for example, folk music.
我喜欢讲故事的传统音乐,比如民间音乐。
3.I like music that I can ______________.我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。
4.Then ______________________________?那你喜欢什么样的音乐?
5.I prefer music that I can __________________, so it's pop for me.
我更喜欢能跟着唱的音乐,所以对我来说是流行音乐。
6.Yes, it's amazing to hear the erhu and pipa being ____________________ the keyboard and electric guitar. 是的,听到二胡和琵琶与电子琴和电吉他一起演奏,真是太棒了。
7._______________________________________这是一首人人都喜欢的曲子!
8.I could _______________ for both.我可以两个都报名参加。
9._______________________________________________.每个人都对运动会感到非常兴奋。
10.You can _________________ look at every event.你可以更近距离地观看每一个项目。
11.The runners are _________________. 赛跑选手们在起跑线上。
12.The judges are reviewing the video to decide _________________________________.
裁判们正在回看录像以决定谁是获胜者。
13.Yes, but for me, I really like music which ____________________ and celebration, such as "Dance of the Golden Snake".
是的,但对我来说,我真的很喜欢充满欢乐和喜庆的音乐,比如《金蛇狂舞》。
14.Yeah, and it's interesting that the performers used ______________________________________.
是的,有趣的是演奏者同时使用了中西方乐器。
15.I've never heard the erhu ____________________________.我从未听过二胡和小提琴一起演奏。
16.I never realized that you could dance to it!我从来没有意识到你可以跟着它跳舞!
17.Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) is considered ___________________________ in history.
弗雷德里克·肖邦(1810-1849)被认为是历史上最伟大的音乐家之一。
18.He was also ______________________who left behind more than 200 musical works.
他也是一位有天赋的作曲家,留下了200多首音乐作品。
19.He didn't ____________________ until he was 16, but soon outdid his teachers.
他直到16岁才上音乐学校,但很快就超过了他的老师。
20.By 1832, he had made his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for ___________________.
到1832年,他已经前往巴黎,这座城市将成为他余生的归宿。
21.Chopin was ___________ a great pianist, __________ a respected piano teacher.
肖邦不仅是一位伟大的钢琴家,还是一位受人尊敬的钢琴教师。
22.Polish ___________ was a kind of music that some people _________________ at the time—it was seen as too simple and common.
波兰民间音乐在当时是一种被一些人轻视的音乐——它被认为过于简单和普通。
23.His music also _____________________which was divided up by other countries.
他的音乐也帮助建立了一个被其他国家分割的民族。
24.When Chopin _____________ill health at 39, thousands of people travelled from faraway countries to attend his funeral.
肖邦39岁时因病去世,成千上万的人从遥远的国家赶来参加他的葬礼。
25.The present that ______________was the guitar my father bought me for my eighth birthday.
改变我一生的礼物是我父亲在我八岁生日时给我买的吉他。
26.I often sat next to my father while___________________________________.
我经常坐在父亲旁边,看他教我如何弹奏一首曲子。
27.____________, I was too shy to play in front of people.起初,我太害羞了,不敢在人前演奏。
28.We ____________________, and I made good friends with those in the band. Nowadays, our band is getting more and more popular.
我们玩音乐玩得很开心,我和乐队里的人成了好朋友。如今,我们的乐队越来越受欢迎。
29. We often ________________________ both inside and outside our school.
我们经常参加校内外的演出。
30.Although I have become busier this year, I still _________________ and manage to find time for it.虽然今年我变得更忙了,但我仍然喜欢弹吉他,并设法挤出时间来弹。
Ⅳ.语法精萃
定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
①先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词等。
②关系词:引导定语从句的词。
③先行词与关系词的关系。
定语从句
先行词与关系词
①关系代词的用法:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等,指人或事物。
②关系副词的用法:在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或原因。
关系词的用法
①主谓一致问题。
②关系代词that和which.意的事项that和who的用法辨析。
定语从句中需要注意的事项
定语从句三要素即:
1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词(通常出现在定语从句前面)
2.关系词:连接先行词和定语从句的引导词(关系代词和关系副词)
3.做成分:关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当相应成分
关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
I. 定语从句引导词之关系代词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例 句
备 注
关系代 词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人或物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人或物
主语,宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语,宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人或物
主语,宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
As we all know,she is a kind-hearted girl.
as做宾语一般不省略
II. 定语从句中的重要考点
1. 只能用that的情况:
⑴ 先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything,etc。
⑵ 先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
⑶ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。
⑷ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。
⑸ 先行词同时指人和指物时。
⑹ 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。
2.只能用which,不能用that的情况
⑴ 介词后面不能用that ,指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which
⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中,即逗号后面不能用that ,指人,做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which
⑶ 指代前面整个句子,不能用that,只能用which,翻译成中文为“这”。
3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活,可放在主句前也可放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown
意思上
意为“这一点”
意为“正如……,正像……的那样”
注意:先行词被such, as many(much)和the same修饰,从句用 as 引导。
“the same…that表示同一个人或物,而 “the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物
I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.
4. the way 做先行词时 :the way 做先行词,在从句中做状语时,关系词可用in which, that, 或者省略。作主语或者宾语时,关系词用which/that.(作宾语时,可省略)
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
②You speak to her in the way which/ that I don't like.
关系副词when /where/why的用法
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
可用on which
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
可用in which
why
reason
原因状语
可用for which
例句:
①.I will never forget the day when (on which)I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天
②.Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
③.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
具体用法辨析
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2.关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3.关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常常为reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason(=for which)why you don't help him?
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗?
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据:
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera)
The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company)
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书,其中一半是莫言写的。
定语从句的分类及特殊用法
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
注意: that 和why 不能用于非限制定语从句中。
【注意】
1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
3、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
【注意】that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
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