Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语非限制性定语从句核心知识点，先通过对比限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别引入，再系统梳理关系词（who, whom, whose, which, when, where）及as的用法，结合词汇拓展（conclusion, circumstance），以“先感悟-会发现-善归纳-运用练”为学习支架，衔接教材典句与高考真题。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为设计亮点，通过“感悟实例-发现规律-归纳用法-实践运用”培养学生思维品质，结合2025全国卷等真题及教材原句提升语言能力。随堂检测与课时作业（语法与语篇、写作）助力课中教学实施，课后可帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句 　　Nat， who① was ten years old， lived in a small town in England．He always stayed in England for his holidays， but one day he decided to go to Spain， where② all his friends liked to go for their holidays．First he went to Madrid， which③ is the capital of Spain， and stayed in a small hotel．On the first morning， he wanted to go out for a walk．As④ we all know， in England， people drive on the left．But in Spain， they drive on the right， which⑤ he forgot．He put off the outing until the next Sunday， when⑥ his friend wouldn’t be so busy． ①处who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Nat； ②处where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Spain； ③处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Madrid； ④处As 引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话的内容； ⑤处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容； ⑥处when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the next Sunday。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）In the beginning， Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients． ②（2025•全国一卷）Secondly， the guessing process itself is a joyful experience， which will promote closer relationships between classmates． ③（教材典句）Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom recovered． ④（北师大必修一）This soon caught the attention of local youths， who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours． ⑤（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）I am grateful to my teacher， whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential． ⑥The day when we met for the first time is unforgettable． ⑦Running is a high－impact activity which can be really hard on your body． ⑧（外研必修一）If this works， there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again． 【会发现】 （1）句①②③④⑤为非限制性定语从句，从句与主句之间用逗号隔开； （2）句⑥⑦⑧为限制性定语从句。 【善归纳】 1.非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 2.非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中的一部分，且常译成与主句并列的句子。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①（2025•全国一卷） With the biscuits that/which my wife had made， I arrived at my brother’s door．He opened it with a surprised smile， and for a moment， neither of us spoke． ②Last summer， I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting， which turned out to be a fulfilling journey． ③（2024•新课标Ⅰ卷）We met at the bus station， where he had dropped me off four days before． ④World Oceans Day falls on June 8， whose aim is to raise awareness of ocean conservation． ⑤Recently， Emma had started seeing me as a true hero who could solve any problem fairly． ⑥发现治愈这种疾病的科学家激励了数百万人。 The scientist who/that discovered the cure for the disease became an inspiration to millions of people． ⑦我的祖母总是讲述最精彩的故事，她教会了我很多关于生活的知识。 My grandmother， who always tells the most amazing stories， has taught me so much about life． 二、关系词在非限制性定语从句中的使用 【先感悟】 ①These industries， in turn， give jobs to the local population， whose welfare depends on tourism． ②I have two foreign teachers， both of whom are from America． ③The library， where I spent most of my free time， was a quiet place filled with books． ④He became famous in the 1910s， when films were silent and in black and white． 【会发现】 （1）句①中whose作定语，先行词是人，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of which”； （2）句②中先行词two foreign teachers指人，且关系代词在介词of后作宾语，只能用whom，不能用who； （3）句③④中的关系副词where、when可用“介词＋which”代替。 【善归纳】 1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有who、whom、whose、which、when、where等。 2.关系副词when、where可用“介词＋which”代替。 3.介词后用whom，不用who。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①（2025•1月浙江卷）At the police station， they explained the situation to the officers， who were surprised but understanding． ②The Mid－Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month in the Chinese lunar calendar， when families get together and enjoy dinner． ③（2024•新课标Ⅰ卷）I painted a small pond， where a flock of ducks were swimming． ④我的老师教书已经超过二十年了，她对每个学生都非常有耐心。 My teacher， who has been teaching for over twenty years， is very patient with every student． ⑤那个报告得到老师称赞的学生是其他人的好榜样。 The student， whose report was praised by the teacher， was a great example for others． ⑥我从图书馆借来的这本书非常有趣。 The book， which I borrowed from the library， is really interesting． 三、as引导定语从句时的用法 【先感悟】 ①I want the same shirt as my friend has． ②Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China． ③As I expected， he got the first place again in this midterm examination． ④He made a long speech， as we expected． ⑤He made a long speech， which was unexpected． 【会发现】 （1）句①②中， as引导定语从句，用于固定搭配：the same ．．．as ．．．；such ．．．as ．．．； （2）句③④中， as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容； （3）句⑤中，which指代整个主句的内容。 【善归纳】 1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于such ．．．as ．．．、 as ．．．as ．．．、 so ．．．as ．．．、 the same ．．．as ．．．结构中。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别： （1）位置上的区别 which只能置于先行词的后面，可修饰整个句子；as位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于主句后。 （2）搭配上的区别 which可作实义动词的主语；as多用于固定搭配中： as is often the case这是常有的事 as was expected　　正如所预料的那样 as often happens　　正如经常发生的那样 as is known to all　　众所周知 as has been said before　　如前所述 as is mentioned above　　正如上面所提到的 （3）意思上的区别 which意为“这一点、这件事”；as意为“正如……、正像……的那样”。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①I don’t know whether he is such a great scholar as people say． ②Here is so big a stone as no man can lift． ③Dorothy was always showing off her clothes， which ， of course， made us a little annoyed． ④There is no simple answer， as is often the case in science． ⑤As is mentioned in your report， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great power in epidemic prevention． ⑥To introduce traditional Chinese culture， our school will hold a theme class meeting， which will be posted on the English website． 1.conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude v．结束；终止；推断出 教材原句　Did you come to any conclusions？你得出什么结论了吗？ 【用法】 （1）come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion　　总之；最后 （2）conclude from ．．．　　从……中推断出 conclude sth with sth/by doing sth 以某事/通过做某事结束某事 【佳句】　In conclusion， China’s 75 years of progress have been remarkable．From the early years of reconstruction to the modern era of innovation， China has transformed into a global leader．（现象介绍） 总的来说，中国75年的进步是显著的。从早期的重建年代到现代的创新时代，中国已经转变为一个全球领导者。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In conclusion （conclude）， only with joint efforts can we protect our ocean better． ②He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will， there is a way．” 【写美】　一句多译 ③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。 →I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands．（conclude） →I came to/reached/drew the conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands．（conclusion） 2.circumstance n．［usually pl．］ 条件；环境；状况 教材原句　Her circumstances are beyond our control．我们无法掌控她的状况。 【用法】 in/under no circumstances决不（置于句首时，用倒装语序） in/under the circumstances　　在这种情况下 in/under any circumstances　　在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit　　如果条件允许的话 【佳句】　Given the unusual circumstance of heavy rain， the school decided to postpone the outdoor event until the weather improved．（天气描写） 鉴于下大雨的特殊情况，学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Even in/under the circumstances， he still spared no effort to improve himself． 【写美】　完成句子 ②如果条件允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现梦想。 If circumstances allow/permit， I will take immediate action to achieve my dream． ③我无论如何都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。 In/Under no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which is vital for my future development． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1.Nowadays parents attach great importance to the education of their children， which does good to their development over the long term． 2.Not only will we appreciate calligraphy works， but we will also attend a lecture， through which we can have a better understanding of Chinese calligraphy． 3.Tu Youyou’s research reached a point where traditional Chinese medicine showed great potential in curing global diseases． 4.（2026•1月浙江卷）Even those who didn’t share that interest with me seemed more engaged once I showed a different side of myself． 5.Tu Youyou has a team of researchers， without whom the discovery of artemisinin would not have been possible． 6.This is a moment when the wisdom of ancient China shines brightly in modern science． 7.I recommend my friend Wang Ming， who is one of the most suitable friends to take my place next week． 8.A movie is being shown these days， whose theme is to save the Earth and protect our common home． 9.（外研选必一）I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension． 10.Local festivals and customs， which may have deep meaning in a particular culture， can simply become entertainment for tourists． Ⅱ．语法与语篇 用适当的关系词完成下面语段。 　　When Li Hua was young， he worked on an old farm，1.where there were few young people． He felt very lonely． He often walked near the village in his free time， hoping to talk to some villagers． One day， he came across an old man，2.who used to be a brave soldier when he was young． Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him． Once， the old man told him his experiences in the battles， most of 3.which were very interesting． Li Hua was moved by the old man’s story and he decided to write a novel． As a result， the novel attracted so many people， among 4.whom was a young woman． The woman，5.whose husband was a famous director， was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.As we all know， a clever director won’t give up an interesting story． One year later， the film，7.which was adapted from that novel， became a big hit． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1.（2025•1月浙江卷）He smiled weakly at Kevin， who felt a mix of embarrassment and relief． 2.Mr Smith， whose native language is English， can speak Chinese fluently． 3.You have a full preparation before this event， which is the most important reason why you show up here． 4.As you know， we have the summer and winter vacations， when we can do whatever we like， such as traveling， writing and so on． 5.There are many interesting clubs， where they can do what they want most． 6.We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line． 7.When the freezing cold night fell， the visitors sat around the stage where the fire show was performed． 8.Don’t forget to show up at 5 p．m．， when we gather to go back to school together at the entrance to the Cherry Blossom Garden． 9.Just as the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides．” 10.There are two buildings， the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high． 11.The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building， most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month． 12.As is often the case， we have worked out the learning plan for next term． Ⅱ．语法与写作 1.在节日期间，我对爱尔兰文化有了更深入的了解，这对促进中爱两国的文化交流具有重要意义。 I gained a better understanding of Irish culture during the festival， which has great significance for the cultural exchanges between China and Ireland． 2.我精通英语，这使我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。 I have a good command of English， which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely． 3.我们应该尽一切努力对抗全球变暖，这已经成为海洋生物的巨大威胁。 We should try every means to fight against global warming， which has become a great threat to sea creatures． 4.任何想要观看电影的人要求在下午两点之前到达。 Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon． 5.我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。 I suggest that you apply for Peking University， which is one of the best universities in China． 6.我想向你推荐京剧俱乐部，我相信你可以从中学到很多。 I’d like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you， from which I believe you will learn a lot． 7.我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁，他们把一切都奉献给了我们。 The teachers of our school， most of whom are in their thirties， have devoted themselves to us． 8.比赛定于本周六下午在市体育场举办，它旨在帮助我们增进友谊。 The match is due to be held this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium， whose aim is to help us enhance our friendship． Ⅲ．句型转换 用定语从句改写下列句子。 1.The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried． →The novelist got hurt in the accident， which made his wife so worried． 2.I have a friend and his son was admitted to Peking University last year． →I have a friend whose son was admitted to Peking University last year． 3.It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month． →As has been announced， we shall have our final exam next month． 4.We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there． →We walked down the village street， where people were having a market day． 5.The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty． →The little boys were cleaning the windows， most of which were dirty． Ⅰ．阅读理解 　　Under the gaze of the world’s media， the city of Venice launched a pilot program Thursday to charge day－trippers a 5－euro （around $5.35） entry fee that authorities hope will discourage visitors from arriving on peak days and make the city more livable for its dwindling residents． 　　“We need to find a new balance between the tourists and residents，” said Simone Venturini， the city’s top tourism official．“Venice is strained when the number of day－trippers reaches 30，000 to 40，000．On peak days， local police set up one－way traffic for pedestrians to keep the crowds moving．We need to safeguard the spaces of the residents， of course， and we need to discourage the arrival of day－trippers on some particular days．” 　　Not all residents， however， are persuaded of the efficacy of the new system in dissuading mass tourism．Hundreds of Venetians protested against the program， marching festively through the city’s main bus terminal behind banners reading “No to Tickets， Yes to Services and Housing”． 　　Residents opposing the day－tripper tax insist that the solution to Venice’s woes is to boost the resident population and the services they need， limiting short－term rentals to make more available housing and attract families back from the mainland． 　　Last year， Venice passed a telling milestone when the number of tourist beds exceeded for the first time the number of official residents， which is now below 50，000 in the historic center with its picturesque canals．Neighboring apartments in many residential buildings near the famed Rialto Bridge once inhabited by families are now short－term apartment rentals． 　　Elena Gastaldello， president of Arci （Italian recreational and cultural association） of Veneto， said that the entrance fee will get nowhere．“The ticket will not impose limits on tourist access to Venice as no maximum number of visitors has been established， but it will further transform the city into an amusement park，” she told CNN by phone． 　　Venturini， the tourist official， said that interest in Venice’s pilot program has been keen from other places suffering from mass tourism， including other Italian art cities， and municipalities abroad such as Barcelona， Spain， and Amsterdam． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了控制旅游高峰期的游客人数，威尼斯开始向一日游游客收取 5 欧元的 “进城费”。这一做法引起人们的广泛关注和讨论。 1.What did Simone Venturini try to stress in paragraph 2？（　　） A．The poor living conditions in Venice． B．The terrible traffic conditions in Venice． C．The necessity of limiting visitors to Venice． D．The popularity of tourist attractions in Venice． 解析：C　推理判断题。第一段说明威尼斯开始向一日游游客收取 5 欧元的 “进城费”，第二段Simone Venturini作为威尼斯市旅游部门的官员，他表面是说威尼斯市目前游客太多和交通糟糕的现状，其实他作为新政策的推行者，是想强调收取“进城费”以及限制游客数量的必要性。 2.What can we learn from paragraph 5？（　　） A．The residents in Venice are losing． B．Day－trippers to Venice are declining． C．Residential buildings are increasing in Venice． D．The apartments for rent are decreasing in Venice． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，在著名的里亚托桥附近，许多住宅楼的相邻公寓曾经是家庭居住的，现在成为短期出租公寓。由此可知，在威尼斯市居住的家庭常住人口在流失，他们搬出去后公寓用来出租。 3.What was Elena Gastaldello’s attitude towards the entrance fee？（　　） A．Negative．　 B．Confused． C．Supportive．　 D．Ambiguous． 解析：A　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Elena Gastaldello认为，由于没有设定游客人数上限，收取“进城费”将进一步把威尼斯变成一个游乐园。也就是说，收取“进城费”不会起到限制游客人数的作用。再结合the entrance fee will get nowhere可知，她对这一新政策持否定态度。 4.What would be the most suitable title for the text？（　　） A．Overtourism Has Negative Effects on Venice B．A 5－Euro Fee Prevents Visitors Entering Venice C．Venice’s Pilot Program Attracted Media Attention D．Venice Begins Charging Entry Fee for Day－trippers 解析：D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文简要介绍了威尼斯开始向一日游游客收取 5 欧元的“进城费”一事，重点说明人们对这一举措的看法。因此，D项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　Li Hao is an inheritor of Luban lock－making techniques in Tengzhou， Shandong Province．While 　5　 how to disassemble and reassemble （拆卸和重组） a Luban lock， he 　6　 the history of this traditional Chinese folk educational puzzle and the ancient 　7　 in its structure． 　　The Luban lock is 　8　 to have been created by Lu Ban who is known as the “father of carpentry” in China． 　　After 　9　 10 years to developing the Luban lock by blending tradition with innovation， Li has transformed it into a（n） 　10　 cultural product that has contributed to the local cultural and tourism industry． 　　His company has created over 100 variations of the toy and has 　11　 employment for more than 100 villagers in Jisuo town， with 　12　 coming in from overseas as well．　13　， they have transformed the puzzle into a trendy cultural product． 　　Li’s 　14　 to establish his company began in 2009， when he started working as a village official in Jisuo with a 　15　 to enhance the lives of the residents．The inspiration to develop the Luban lock as an educational toy 　16　 him in 2010 when he saw a large one at the Shanghai World Expo． 　　“Tengzhou is the birthplace of Lu Ban， so why don’t we 　17　 the Luban lock as a toy that will not only educate villagers， but also serve as a way to 　18　 the wisdom of our ancestors？” he thought at the time． 　　His company 　19　 to be a great success．Last year the sales reached 30 million yuan． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自山东滕州的李浩，是我国非物质文化遗产鲁班锁制作技艺传承人。他通过创办制作鲁班锁的公司，不但传承了古老的智慧，而且推动了当地经济的发展。 5.A．proving　 B．exposing C．indicating　 D．showing 解析：D　根据how to disassemble and reassemble可知，这里是李浩在向人们展示如何拆卸和重新组装鲁班锁。 6.A．shared　 B．understood C．knew　 D．discovered 解析：A　李浩在演示如何拆卸和重新组装鲁班锁的同时，他还分享了这个中国传统民间益智游戏的历史和其结构中的古老智慧。 7.A．belief　 B．faith C．wisdom　 D．concept 解析：C　参见上题解析。 8.A．believed　 B．suggested C．assumed　 D．proposed 解析：A　这里的The Luban lock is believed to have ．．．相当于It is believed that ．．． 9.A．spending　 B．devoting C．costing　 D．extending 解析：B　李浩花费了10年时间研发鲁班锁。devote some time to doing sth是固定表达，表示“花费时间做某事”。 10.A．flexible　 B．abstract C．practical　 D．creative 解析：D　李浩将鲁班锁变成了一种创造性的文化产品，为当地的文化和旅游业作出了贡献。 11.A．demanded　 B．affected C．changed　 D．provided 解析：D　李浩的公司已经制作了100多种不同的玩具，为级索镇的100多名村民提供了就业机会。 12.A．orders　 B．invitations C．presents　 D．greetings 解析：A　李浩的公司也有来自海外的订单。 13.A．Hopefully　 B．Eventually C．Actually　 D．Basically 解析：C　事实上，他们已经把鲁班锁变成了一种时尚的文化产品。 14.A．project　 B．journey C．dream　 D．adventure 解析：B　李浩创办公司的历程始于2009年。这里作者将李浩的创业经历比作一次旅程。 15.A．method　 B．mission C．solution　 D．theme 解析：B　李浩当时在级索镇担任村官，肩负着改善村民生活的使命。 16.A．crossed　 B．impressed C．struck　 D．influenced 解析：C　2010年，当他在上海世博会上看到一个大型的鲁班锁时，他产生了将鲁班锁开发为教育玩具的灵感。an inspiration struck sb表示“某人产生灵感”。 17.A．develop　 B．invent C．design　 D．discover 解析：A　李浩当时的想法是：滕州是鲁班的诞生地，我们为什么不把鲁班锁开发成一种玩具呢？ 18.A．contain　 B．preserve C．acquire　 D．reflect 解析：B　李浩认为鲁班锁是一种既能帮助村民益智，又能保存我们祖先智慧的玩具。 19.A．worked out　 B．made out C．came out　 D．turned out 解析：D　李浩的公司结果取得了巨大的成功，去年的销售额达到了3，000万元。turn out结果是。 Ⅲ．语法填空 　　（2026•福州六校高二上期中） Chen Ning Yang：A Great Physicist 　　Chen Ning Yang， one of the most influential theoretical 20.　　　　　　 （physicist） of the 20th century， made remarkable contributions to modern physics．He was best known for co－developing the Yang－Mills theory， 21.　　　　　　 later became the foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics． 　　Born in Hefei， China， in 1922， Yang 22.　　　　　　 （raise） in an academic family where his father inspired his early love 23.　　　　　　 science．After receiving his bachelor’s degree and his master’s in China， he went to America， earning his Ph．D．from the University of Chicago in 1948. 　　In 1956， Yang and Tsung－Dao Lee proposed the theory of parity non－conservation in weak interactions， 24.　　　　　　 breakthrough that overturned traditional ideas in physics．The theory， later confirmed by Chien－Shiung Wu’s experiment， 25.　　　　　　 （win） them the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics． 　　Yang believed that scientific 26.　　　　　　 （curious） and independent thinking are the soul of innovation．He encouraged young scientists 27.　　　　　　 （think） independently and combine scientific research with 28.　　　　　　 （culture） understanding． 　　Having also made achievements in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics， Yang returned to China after retiring in 1999.He passed away in Beijing in 2025 at 103， 29.　　　　　　 （leave） a lasting scientific legacy． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了20世纪最具影响力的理论物理学家之一杨振宁的生平、成就以及他对科学创新的看法。 20.physicists　考查名词复数。“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”是固定用法，意为“最……之一”。故填physicists。 21.which　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Yang－Mills theory，指物，故填which。 22.was raised　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。raise是主句谓语动词，与主语Yang之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情。故填was raised。 23.for　考查介词。love for是固定搭配，意为“对……的热爱”。故填for。 24.a　考查冠词。breakthrough为可数名词单数，在句中表示“一个突破”，泛指。故填a。 25.won　考查时态。win是谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1957可知，描述过去发生的事情。故填won。 26.curiosity　考查名词。提示词与名词短语independent thinking是并列关系，共同作宾语从句的主语，应用名词。故填curiosity。 27.to think　考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to think。 28.cultural　考查形容词。提示词修饰名词understanding，应用形容词作定语。故填cultural。 29.leaving　考查非谓语动词。此处作结果状语， leave与逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，应用动词－ing形式表主动，故填leaving。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $