Unit4语法(现在完成时态)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年沪教四五学制版英语七年级上册

该初中英语导学案以“Unit4 Smart home”为主题，聚焦现在完成时语法核心，通过“基本结构-过去分词变化-核心用法-时态对比-常用关键词”的递进式知识框架，构建从基础到应用的完整学习路径，助力学生系统掌握语法规则。 亮点在于结合智能家居主题设计多样化练习任务，如动词填空、句型改写及汉译英等，提升语言理解与表达能力，通过时态对比表格培养分析比较的思维品质，分层练习设计支持学习能力发展，为教师实施单元复习提供针对性强的教学资源。

Unit4 Smart home语法讲解与练习 语法：现在完成时Present perfect 一、基本结构 现在完成时：have /has +过去分词 (done) 主语 I /you/we /they → 助动词 have 主语 he /she/it 单数 → 助动词 has 1.肯定句 公式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have used a smart light. 我用过智能灯。 He has bought a new smartphone. 他买了一部新智能手机。 2.否定句 公式：主语+ have/has + not + 过去分词 缩写：have not = haven’t；has not = hasn’t They haven’t finished the test. 他们还没有完成测试。 She hasn’t visited the Tech Expo. 她还没参观科技博览会。 3.一般疑问句 公式：Have / Has +主语+过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has./ No, 主 + haven’t/hasn’t. —Have you used a smart light? 你用过智能灯吗？ —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. —Has he seen this robot? 他见过这个机器人吗？ —Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. 二、过去分词变化 规则动词：过去分词和过去式形式一致，直接+ ed likelikedliked；wantwantedwanted；changechangedchanged 例句：We have changed our old lights. 我们换掉了旧灯。 不规则动词：过去分词与过去式可能相同、也可能不同 readreadread；seesawseen；gowentgone 例句：I have seen this smart fridge. 我见过这款智能冰箱。 重点记忆高频不规则： gogone；seeseen；dodone；bebeen；havehad；makemade 三、现在完成时两大核心用法 过去不确定时间完成的动作，强调对现在的结果，不强调动作发生在哪一天。 时间不明确，看重现在的结果。 ✅ He has been to the Tech Expo. 他去过科技博览会。（ 现在知道博览会是什么样，不关心哪天去的） 动作始于过去，持续到现在，常用 for +一段时间 ✅ I have had a sore throat for two days. 我喉咙痛已经两天了。 （两天前开始，现在还痛） 四、现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 时态 核心区别 标志提示 例句 现在完成时 看重现在结果；时间模糊不明确；for +时间段 already, yet, for… He has been to the Tech Expo. 一般过去时 看重过去发生这件事本身；有明确过去时间(last week, …ago, yesterday) last week, …ago, yesterday He went to the Tech Expo last week. ⚠️只要句子出现明确过去时间（last week /two days ago /yesterday），不能用现在完成时，只能用一般过去时。 ✅I have had a sore throat for two days.（for +时间段，现在完成时，持续到现在） ✅I had a sore throat two days ago.(two days ago明确过去时间,一般过去时,现在好了） 五、常用关键词 现在完成时常搭配：already（已经），yet（还,用于疑问否定），for +一段时间 already 多用于肯定句；yet 多用于疑问句、否定句末尾。 She has already tried new devices. 她已经尝试过新设备。 Has he finished his work yet? 他完成工作了吗？ They haven’t arrived yet. 他们还没有到达。 【配套练习】 一、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1.I ____________ (use) this smart light already. It is very convenient. 2.He ____________ (visit) the Tech Expo last month. 3.We ____________ (not finish) our homework yet. 4.My mother ____________ (buy) a smart fridge. Now we don’t need to worry about food. 5.They ____________ (see) this robot before, so they know how it works. 6.She ____________ (change) her old TV two years ago. 7.____________ you ____________ (try) the new smart speaker? 8.Tom ____________ (have) this smart watch for three months. 9.I ____________ (be) to the science museum twice. 10.He ____________ (go) to the smarthome show yesterday. 11.The workers ____________ (build) many smart houses already. 12.____________ she ____________ (read) this book about technology yet? 13.We ____________ (not meet) him since last summer. 14.My father ____________ (make) a small smart box last week. 15.They ____________ (learn) a lot about smart homes up to now. 16.Lily ____________ (not try) the new device. She is afraid of it. 17.I ____________ (have) a headache for one day. I feel terrible now. 18.He ____________ (see) that film two days ago. 19.____________ they ____________ (finish) their project? Yes, they have. 20.The little boy ____________ (break) his smart watch. Now it cannot work. 21.She ____________ (live) in this smart flat for 2 years. 22.We ____________ (not go) to the Tech Expo. We hope to go one day. 23.He ____________ (do) his work and now he can rest. 24.My sister ____________ (get) a smart lamp as her birthday gift last year. 25.You ____________ (forget) your password. You cannot open the smart door now. 二、单项选择 1.—Have you ______ the new smart light? —Yes, I have. A. use B. used C. uses D. using 2.He ______ to the Tech Expo last week. A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has been 3.They haven’t finished their homework ______. A. already B. yet C. for D. since 4.My father ______ this smart TV for one year. A. has had B. had C. buys D. has bought 5.—______ she seen this robot? —No, she hasn’t. A. Do B. Does C. Have D. Has 6.I ______ a sore throat for two days. I still feel bad. A. had B. have had C. have D. am having 7.She ______ the new device yesterday afternoon. A. has tried B. tries C. tried D. will try 8.We ______ already ______ our old lights. A. have; changed B. has; changed C. did; change D. do; change 9.—When did you go to the science show? —I ______ there three days ______. A. go; ago B. went; ago C. have gone; before D. went; before 10.—I have been to the Tech Expo. —When ______ you ______ there? A. have; been B. did; go C. are; going D. do; go 11.He ______ not ______ the smart door password, so he can’t get in. A. has; remember B. have; remembered C. has; remembered D. is; remember 12.They ______ many smart houses since 2024. A. built B. build C. have built D. are building 13.Have you ______ read books about smart homes? A. ever B. already C. yet D. last 14.He went to the smarthome show, but I ______. A. haven’t B. haven’t been C. didn’t D. don’t 15.Which sentence is correct? A. He has bought the phone two weeks ago. B. He buy the phone two weeks ago. C. He has the phone for two weeks. D. He has had the phone for two weeks. 三、句型改写 1.I have used a smart light.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ a smart light. 2.She has visited the Tech Expo.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —________ she ________ the Tech Expo? —Yes, ________ ________. 3.They finished their work yesterday.（用 already 改写为现在完成时） They ________ already ________ their work. 4.He saw this robot two days ago.（划线提问） ________ ________ he ________ this robot? 5.We have lived here for two years.（划线提问） ________ ________ have you lived here? 6.Has he tried the new speaker?（否定回答） No, ________ ________. 7.She has already tried new devices.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ new devices ________. 8.I bought a smart fridge last month.（改为现在完成时,用 for one month） I ________ ________ a smart fridge for one month. 9.They have been to the science museum.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ ________ to the science museum? 10.The boy has broken his watch.（划线提问） ________ ________ the boy ________? 四、汉译英 1.我已经用过这款智能灯了。 _________________________________________________ 2.他还没有参观科技博览会。 _________________________________________________ 3.他们两天前去看了智能家居展。 _________________________________________________ 4.我的爸爸拥有这台智能冰箱三年了。 _________________________________________________ 5.— 你尝试过这个新设备吗？— 是的，我试过。 _________________________________________________ 6.她喉咙痛已经两天了，现在仍然不舒服。 _________________________________________________ 7.我们已经换掉旧电视机了。 _________________________________________________ 8.你曾经读过关于智能家居的书吗？ _________________________________________________ 9.汤姆上周买了一个智能音箱。 _________________________________________________ 10.他们还没有完成这个项目。 _________________________________________________ Keys 一、动词正确形式填空 1.have used 2.visited 3.haven’t finished 4.has bought 5.have seen 6.changed 7.Have; tried 8.has had 9.have been 10.went 11.have built 12.Has; read 13.haven’t met 14.made 15.have learned 16.hasn’t tried 17.have had 18.saw 19.Have; finished 20.has broken 21.has lived 22.haven’t gone 23.has done 24.got 25.have forgotten 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D 三、句型改写 1.haven’t used 2.Has; visited; she has 3.have; finished 4.When did; see 5.How long 6.he hasn’t 7.hasn’t tried; yet 8.have had 9.Have they been 10.What has; done 四、汉译英 1.I have already used this smart light. 2.He hasn’t visited the Tech Expo yet. 3.They went to the smarthome show two days ago. 4.My father has had this smart fridge for three years. 5.—Have you tried this new device? —Yes, I have. 6.She has had a sore throat for two days. She still feels bad. 7.We have already changed our old TV. 8.Have you ever read books about smart homes? 9.Tom bought a smart speaker last week. 10.They haven’t finished this project yet. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $