第3卷 词汇与语法（情态动词与助动词）-【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦情态动词与助动词专项，通过基础到提升的层级训练，构建从单一考点到综合应用的完整知识网络，提升语言运用与思维辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础篇（情态动词）|10题（含could/can、may/must等核心用法）|单选题，聚焦单一情态动词功能辨析|从基础请求、许可到推测用法，形成情态动词功能认知链| |基础篇（助动词）|10题（含反义疑问句、used to等）|单选题，侧重助动词语法规则应用|围绕反义疑问、强调、时态辅助等功能，构建助动词使用逻辑| |提升篇（综合选择）|10题（如must have done反义疑问句）|单选题，综合考查情态动词与助动词混合应用|整合基础考点，通过语境化题目提升知识迁移与问题解决能力|

编写说明：【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》，依据河北省对口招生考试历年英语考试真题与模拟试题分析编写。本专辑包括语音辨析、词汇语法单选、完形填空、短文填空、阅读理解、补全对话、书面表达7大高考题型。1-20卷为考点/题型专项训练卷，21-28卷为题型混合训练卷。 本试卷是【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第3卷，知识点词汇与语法（情态动词与助动词）。 【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第3卷 词汇与语法（情态动词与助动词） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 基础篇 （共50分） 一、词汇与语法 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 (1) 情态动词专项 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) ( ) 1. —Could I use your telephone? —Yes, of course you ____. A. could B. will C. can D. might ( ) 2. —____ I take the newspaper away? —No, you mustn't. You ____ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need. must D. Must. must ( ) 3. —Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter? —No, you ____. He has known about it already. A. oughtn't to B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't ( ) 4. —Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry, I ____. My brother is coming to see me. A. won't B. can't C. needn't D. mustn't ( ) 5. —Are you coming to Jeff's party? —I'm not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might ( ) 6. —Would you like to go boating with us? —Yes, ____. A. I'd like B. I want C.I'd like to D. I do ( ) 7. A computer ____ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A.can't B.mustn't C.may not D. might not ( ) 8. The poor man needs our help, ____ he? A.need B.needn't C. does D.doesn't ( ) 9. His arm is all right. He ____ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. don't have to C.haven't to D. doesn't have to ( )10. I didn't hear the phone. I ____ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C.should be D.should have been (2)助动词专项 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) ( ) 11. Your sister seldom goes to the cinema on weekends, ____? A. doesn’t she B. isn’t she C. does she D. is she ( ) 12. —____ I finish all the homework right now? —No, you ____. You may finish it tomorrow. A. Must; needn’t B. Must; mustn’t C. Need; mustn’t D. Should; can’t ( ) 13. He ____ to get up early every morning, for he lives far from school. A. have B. has C. does D. do ( ) 14. There is little water in the bottle, ____? A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it ( ) 15. —____ you please pass me the exercise book? —Sure, here you are. A. Do B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) 16. They had to stay at home because of the heavy rain, ____? A. hadn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. had they ( ) 17. She ____ watch TV too much, but now she likes reading books. A. didn’t used to B. used not to C. didn’t use to D. use not to ( ) 18. —____ your brother like playing basketball? —Yes, he does. A. Does B. Is C. Do D. Are ( ) 19. You’d better not talk loudly in the library, ____? A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. don’t you D. didn’t you ( )20. If you ____ not know the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the dictionary. A. are B. do C. will D. have 提升篇（共50 分） 二、综合选择题 (共 10小题；每小题 5 分，满分 50 分) ( ) 21. He must have finished the task last night, ____? A. mustn’t he B. haven’t he C. didn’t he D. hasn’t he ( ) 22. —Need I hand in the report before noon? —Yes, you ____. But you ____ copy it by hand; the printed one is also acceptable. A. must; needn’t B. need; mustn’t C. should; can’t D. have to; shouldn’t ( ) 23. You ____ take photos here. Look at the sign! However, you ____ use your notebook to write down something. A. mustn’t; can B. shouldn’t; must C. needn’t; may D. can’t; ought ( ) 24. They had to give up the outdoor activity because of the heavy snow, ____? A. hadn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. had they ( ) 25. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call yesterday evening? —I ____ asleep, for I was too tired after the long‑time work. A. should have been B. must have been C. could be D. might be ( )26. No one ____ enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission, ____? A. shall; can they B. can’t; can’t they C. may; may one D. must; mustn’t one ( ) 27. You ____ worry about him; he ____ take good care of himself, but he ____ be too careless sometimes. A. needn’t; is able to; may B. mustn’t; can; should C. don’t need; could; must D. shouldn’t; ought; can ( ) 28. —Could I have a word with you right now? —Sorry, you ____. I ____ attend an important meeting immediately. A. couldn’t; must B. can’t; have to C. can’t; mustn’t D. couldn’t; need ( ) 29. He used to stay up late to study, ____? A. didn’t he B. usedn’t he C. A or B D. isn’t he ( )30. If you ____ speak in public, you ____ practice a lot in advance, or you may feel nervous. A. shall; would B. must; should C. will; ought D. can; need 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》，依据河北省对口招生考试历年英语考试真题与模拟试题分析编写。本专辑包括语音辨析、词汇语法单选、完形填空、短文填空、阅读理解、补全对话、书面表达7大高考题型。1-20卷为考点/题型专项训练卷，21-28卷为题型混合训练卷。 本试卷是【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第3卷，知识点包括词汇与语法（情态动词与助动词）。 【2027版】河北省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第3卷 词汇与语法（情态动词与助动词） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 基础篇 （共50分） 一、词汇与语法 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 (1) 情态动词专项 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) ( ) 1. —Could I use your telephone?—Yes, of course you ____. A. could B. will C. can D. might 【答案】C 【核心考点】情态动词could表委婉请求的答语；问句用could表委婉，肯定回答使用can，不使用could。A.could：❌，could用于疑问句表示委婉请求，不用于肯定答句。例句：Could I open the window?我可以打开窗户吗？‑B.will：❌，will表将来、主观意愿，不符合许可语境。例句：I will help you.我会帮助你。‑C.can：✔，can表示许可，用于回应could引导的委婉请求。例句：—Could I borrow your pen?—Yes, you can.—我可以借你的钢笔吗？—当然可以。‑D.might：❌，might表可能性或极其委婉请求，不用于回答请求。例句：He might come tomorrow.他明天或许会来。【易错点】看到问句中的could，直接选择could；牢记：问句could表委婉，答语用can。【考点拓展例句】—Could I sit here?—Yes, you can.—我可以坐在这里吗？—可以。 ( ) 2. —____ I take the newspaper away?—No, you mustn't. You ____ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need. must D. Must. must 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词may用于请求许可；can表示客观上“可以、能够”。A.Must;can：❌，must意为“必须”，不能用来提出请求。例句：You must finish your homework.你必须完成你的作业。‑B.May;can：✔，May I…为请求许可固定句型；can表示只能够在此处阅读报纸。例句：—May I leave early?—No, you can’t.—我可以提早离开吗？—不可以。‑C.Need;must：❌，need表示需要，must表示必须，语义不符合请求语境。例句：You need to have a rest.你需要休息。‑D.Must;must：❌，must表命令、强制，不用于请求许可。例句：You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规【易错点】混淆may请求许可和must表强制命令的用法【考点拓展例句】—May I use your dictionary?—No, you mustn’t.—我可以用你的词典吗？—不可以。 ( ) 3. —Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter?—No, you ____. He has known about it already. A. oughtn't to B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词needn’t表“不必”；Shall I…用于征求对方意见。A.oughtn't to：❌，oughtn’t to侧重道义责任上“不应当”。例句：You oughtn’t to tell lies.你不应该说谎。‑B.needn't：✔，needn’t表示没有必要做某事，李明已经知情，没必要再告知。例句：—Shall I prepare dinner?—No, you needn’t.—要我准备晚饭吗？—不必。‑C.shouldn't：❌，shouldn’t表示劝告“不应该”。例句：You shouldn’t smoke in public.你不应该在公共场所吸烟。‑D.mustn't：❌，mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”，语气强硬。例句：You mustn’t park your car here.此处禁止停车。 【易错点】混淆needn’t“不必”与mustn’t“禁止”。 【考点拓展例句】—Shall I call him?—No, you needn’t, he has got the message.—要我给他打电话吗？—不必，他已经收到消息。 ( ) 4. —Will you stay for lunch?—Sorry, I ____. My brother is coming to see me. A. won't B. can't C. needn't D. mustn't 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词can’t，表客观条件造成“不能够”。A.won't：❌，won’t=will not，表主观意愿上不愿意。例句：I won’t go there alone.我不愿独自去那里。‑B.can't：✔，can’t表示客观原因无法留下吃午饭。例句：—Will you join us?—Sorry, I can’t, I have much work to do.—你来加入我们吗？—抱歉不行，我有很多工作要做。‑C.needn't：❌，needn’t意为“不必”。例句：You needn’t be in such a hurry.你不必如此匆忙。‑D.mustn't：❌，mustn’t表示禁止。例句：You mustn’t run in the hallway.不许在走廊奔跑。【易错点】won’t侧重主观不愿；can’t侧重客观情况导致不能。【考点拓展例句】—Will you attend the party?—Sorry, I can’t, I have to look after my little sister.—你要参加聚会吗？—抱歉不行，我得照看我的妹妹。 ( ) 5. —Are you coming to Jeff's party?—I'm not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 【答案】D 【核心考点】情态动词might表把握不大的推测，“也许，或许”。A.must：❌，must表十分肯定推测“一定”。例句：He must be at home.他一定在家。‑B.would：❌，would表过去习惯或者委婉请求。例句：He would walk after supper.他过去常常晚饭后散步。‑C.should：❌，should表示“应该”。例句：You should take more exercise.你应该多锻炼。‑D.might：✔，might表示可能性不大的推测，前文I’m not sure提示不确定。例句：It might rain this afternoon.今天下午或许会下雨。【易错点】must是肯定推测；might是可能性较小推测，看到not sure要选might。【考点拓展例句】I’m not sure. He might refuse our invitation.我不确定，他或许会拒绝我们的邀请。 ( ) 6. —Would you like to go boating with us?—Yes, ____. A. I'd like B. I want C.I'd like to D. I do 【答案】C 【核心考点】情景交际would you like to do的简略答语，to不能省略。A.I'd like：❌，like后面的不定式符号to不可省略。例句：I’d like to drink some water.我想要喝点水。‑B.I want：❌，I want语气生硬，不用于回答would you like问句。例句：I want to buy a book.我想买一本书。‑C.I'd like to：✔，固定简略回答，to保留，指代to go boating。例句：—Would you like to have a cup of tea?—Yes, I’d like to.—想喝杯茶吗？—好的，我愿意。‑D.I do：❌，I do用于回答Do引导一般疑问句。例句：—Do you like music?—Yes,I do.—你喜欢音乐吗？—是的。【易错点】回答would you like to do，容易漏掉末尾的to。【考点拓展例句】—Would you like to visit the museum?—Yes, I’d like to.—你想去参观博物馆吗？—是的，我想去。 ( ) 7. A computer ____ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A.can't B.mustn't C.may not D. might not 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词can’t表能力上“不能够”。A.can't：✔，can’t表示没有能力，电脑不能独立思考。例句：Fish can’t live without water.鱼离开水不能存活。‑B.mustn't：❌，mustn’t表示禁止，不是能力。例句：You mustn’t smoke here.这里禁止吸烟。‑C.may not：❌，may not表示“可能不；不可以”，表许可或推测。例句：He may not come today.他今天可能不来。‑D. might not：❌，might not表可能性推测“或许不”。例句：It might not be true.这或许不是真的。 【易错点】区分can’t（没有能力）和mustn’t（禁止）。【考点拓展例句】A dog can’t speak human words.狗不会说人类的语言。 ( ) 8. The poor man needs our help, ____ he? A.need B.needn't C. does D.doesn't 【答案】D 【核心考点】反意疑问句；此处need为实义动词，不是情态动词，反问使用助动词does。 A.need：❌，need作情态动词才直接用need反问；本句need是实义动词。例句：You needn’t go, need you?你不必去，是吗？‑B.needn't：❌，needn’t为情态动词否定形式，本句need是实义动词。例句：You needn’t worry.你不必担心。‑C.does：❌，前半句为肯定句，反问部分要用否定形式。例句：He likes reading, doesn’t he?他喜欢读书，不是吗？‑D.doesn't：✔，need此处是实义动词，主语the poor man为三单，前肯后否，用doesn’t he。例句：He needs some time, doesn’t he?他需要一点时间，不是吗？【易错点】分不清need是情态动词还是实义动词；后面接名词作宾语时need大多为实义动词，要借助助动词do/does。【考点拓展例句】She needs more rest, doesn’t she?她需要更多休息，不是吗？ ( ) 9. His arm is all right. He ____ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. don't have to C.haven't to D. doesn't have to 【答案】D 【核心考点】have to实义情态表达“不得不”；否定形式don’t/doesn’t have to；主语三单用doesn’t have to。A. has not to：❌，have to否定不能直接在has后加not。例句：He doesn’t have to get up early.他不必早起。‑B. don't have to：❌，don’t用于主语非三单。例句：You don’t have to wait for me.你不必等我。‑C.haven't to：❌，have to的否定不用haven’t to。例句：They don’t have to finish it today.他们不必今天完成。‑D. doesn't have to：✔，主语he是第三人称单数，doesn’t have to表示“不必”，他手臂没事，不必看医生。例句：It’s Sunday, he doesn’t have to go to work.今天周日，他不必上班。【易错点】have to的否定不能直接在have后加not，要借助助动词do/does；注意主语三单变化。考点拓展例句You don’t have to take part in the activity.你不必参加这项活动。 ( )10. I didn't hear the phone. I ____ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C.should be D.should have been 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词+have done，对过去发生事情的肯定推测：must have done过去一定做了。A. must be：❌，must be是对现在状态推测。例句：You must be tired now.你现在一定很累。‑B. must have been：✔，must have done对过去情况肯定推测，没听到电话，当时一定睡着了。例句：The ground is wet, it must have rained last night.地面湿了，昨晚一定下雨了。‑C.should be：❌，should be“应该是”，表劝告。例句：You should be polite.你应该有礼貌。‑D.should have been：❌，should have done本应该做（实际没做），含有责备。例句：You should have been here earlier.你本应该早点到这里。【易错点】must do推测现在；must have done推测过去；should have done表虚拟本应当。【考点拓展例句】He looks pale, he must have been ill.他面色苍白，他之前一定生病了。 (2)助动词专项 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) ( ) 11. Your sister seldom goes to the cinema on weekends, ____? A. doesn’t she B. isn’t she C. does she D. is she 【答案】C 【核心考点】反意疑问句；seldom为否定意义副词，前否后肯；谓语是实义动词goes，借助助动词does。A. doesn’t she：❌，seldom表否定含义，反问部分要用肯定。例句：She likes music, doesn’t she?她喜欢音乐，不是吗？‑B. isn’t she：❌，句子谓语为实义动词goes，不是be动词。例句：She is at home, isn’t she?她在家，不是吗？‑C. does she：✔，seldom属于否定副词，前否后肯；主语your sister三单，实义动词，用does she。例句：He seldom watches TV, does he?他很少看电视，是吗？‑D. is she：❌，句中没有be动词，不能用is反问。例句：She is happy, is she?她很开心，是吗？【易错点】seldom、little、few、never等属于否定词，反意疑问句后面用肯定；实义动词要借助do/does/did。【考点拓展例句】He seldom goes out at night, does he?他晚上很少外出，是吗？ ( ) 12. —____ I finish all the homework right now?—No, you ____. You may finish it tomorrow. A. Must; needn’t B. Must; mustn’t C. Need; mustn’t D. Should; can’t 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词must的疑问句回答；Must I…?否定回答用needn’t /don’t have to，不用mustn’t。A. Must; needn’t：✔，Must I…我必须……吗；否定回答needn’t“不必”。例句：—Must I hand it in today?—No,you needn’t.—我必须今天上交吗？—不必。‑B. Must; mustn’t：❌，mustn’t表示禁止，不能回答must问句。例句：You mustn’t smoke here.这里禁止吸烟。‑C. Need; mustn’t：❌，Need I…我需要……吗，但答句mustn’t语义错误。例句：—Need I go now?—No,you needn’t.—我需要现在走吗？—不必。‑D. Should; can’t：❌，should表应该，can’t表不能，不符合问答逻辑。例句：You should follow the rules.你应当遵守规则。 【易错点】Must I…否定回答用needn’t（不必），千万不要用mustn’t（禁止）。【考点拓展例句】—Must I clean the room now?—No, you needn’t.‑我必须现在打扫房间吗？‑不必。 ( ) 13. He ____ to get up early every morning, for he lives far from school. A. have B. has C. does D. do 【答案】B 【核心考点】have to“不得不”；一般现在时，主语第三人称单数用has to。A. have：❌，have用于第一、二人称及复数主语。例句：They have to work hard.他们不得不努力工作。‑B. has：✔，主语he三单，has to表示客观情况不得不早起。例句：He has to stay at home.他不得不待在家里。‑C. does：❌，does是助动词，后面不能接to do。例句：He does his homework every day.他每天做作业。‑D. do：❌，do为原形助动词，不搭配to get up。例句：They do sports every day.他们每天做运动。【易错点】have to有人称变化；三单变为has to，不要混淆助动词do/does。【考点拓展例句】She has to walk to school because her bike is broken.因为自行车坏了，她不得不步行上学。 ( ) 14. There is little water in the bottle, ____? A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it 【答案】B 【核心考点】there be句型反意疑问句；little否定含义，前否后肯；反问部分用be +there。 A. isn’t there：❌，little表否定，反问用肯定形式。例句：There is some milk, isn’t there?有一些牛奶，不是吗？‑B. is there：✔，little表示几乎没有，否定含义；there be反问仍用there。例句：There is little time left, is there?几乎没时间剩下了，是吗？‑C. isn’t it：❌，there be反问不能换成it。例句：It is cold, isn’t it?天很冷，不是吗？‑D. is it：❌，there be句型反疑疑问尾句用there，不用it。例句：It is late, is it?时间很晚了，是吗？【易错点】little/few表否定；there be反意疑问句尾句主语要用there，不用it。【考点拓展例句】There is little food in the fridge, is there?冰箱几乎没有食物了，是吗？ ( ) 15. —____ you please pass me the exercise book?—Sure, here you are. A. Do B. Could C. Must D. Should 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词could用于委婉礼貌请求。A. Do：❌，Do you…普通疑问句，语气生硬，不用于委婉请求。例句：Do you know him?你认识他吗？‑B. Could：✔，Could you please…固定委婉请求句型。例句：Could you please open the window?可以请你打开窗户吗？‑C. Must：❌，must表必须。例句：You must finish it on time.你必须按时完成。‑D. Should：❌，should表应该，劝告。例句：You should rest more.你应当多休息。【易错点】Could you please 为固定礼貌请求句式，不要误用do。【考点拓展例句】Could you please tell me the way to the station?能否请你告诉我去车站的路？ ( ) 16. They had to stay at home because of the heavy rain, ____? A. hadn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. had they 【答案】B 【核心考点】反意疑问句；had to是have to过去式，实义含义，反问借助助动词did。 A. hadn’t they：❌，have/had to表“不得不”时，不能直接用had反问。例句：They had a good time, didn’t they?他们玩得很开心，不是吗？‑B. didn’t they：✔，had to为have to过去式，实义，前肯后否，用didn’t they。例句：He had to give up the plan, didn’t he?他不得不放弃计划，不是吗？‑C. did they：❌，前半句为肯定，反问需要否定。例句：They didn’t go, did they?他们没去，是吗？‑D. had they：❌，既不能用had反问，同时形式为肯定，逻辑错误。例句：They had finished it, hadn’t they?他们已经完成了，不是吗？【易错点】have to/had to表不得不，反意疑问要用do/did，不能直接用have/had；只有have作助动词构成完成时态，才可用have反问。【考点拓展例句】She had to get up early, didn’t she?她不得不早起，不是吗？ ( ) 17. She ____ watch TV too much, but now she likes reading books. A. didn’t used to B. used not to C. didn’t use to D. use not to 【答案】C 【核心考点】used to do“过去常常做某事”；过去式否定形式：didn’t use to do。A. didn’t used to：❌，助动词did后面要接动词原形use。例句：She used to live here.她过去住在这里。‑B. used not to：❌，used not to为旧式书面用法，对口升学考试优先选择didn’t use to。例句：He used not to smoke.他过去不抽烟。‑C. didn’t use to：✔，didn’t+动词原形use，used to的标准否定。例句：He didn’t use to play basketball.他过去不常打篮球。‑D. use not to：❌，时态形式错误，缺少过去式变化。例句：I used to walk to school.我过去步行上学。【易错点】助动词did后面，used要变回原形use；否定式考试首选didn’t use to do。【考点拓展例句】He didn’t use to like English, but now he likes it very much.他过去不喜欢英语，但是现在很喜欢。 ( ) 18. —____ your brother like playing basketball?—Yes, he does. A. Does B. Is C. Do D. Are 【答案】A 【核心考点】一般现在时一般疑问句；实义动词like，主语三单，助动词Does置于句首。 A. Does：✔，主语your brother第三人称单数，实义动词like，疑问用Does。例句：Does he like music?他喜欢音乐吗？‑B. Is：❌，be动词后面不能直接接动词原形like。例句：He is playing basketball.他正在打篮球。‑C. Do：❌，Do用于第一、二人称和复数主语。例句：Do you like sports?你喜欢运动吗？‑D. Are：❌，are是be动词复数形式，不能搭配动词原形like。例句：They are playing football.他们正在踢足球。【易错点】实义动词的疑问句用助动词do/does；be动词后接doing/名词/形容词，不接动词原形。【考点拓展例句】Does your sister enjoy reading novels?你的姐姐喜欢读小说吗？ ( ) 19. You’d better not talk loudly in the library, ____? A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. don’t you D. didn’t you 【答案】A 【核心考点】had better反意疑问句；’d better=had better，反问用hadn’t you。A. hadn’t you：✔，had better的反意疑问句尾句用hadn’t+主语。例句：You’d better go now, hadn’t you?你最好现在走，不是吗？‑B. wouldn’t you：❌，wouldn’t对应would，和had better无关。例句：You would like it, wouldn’t you?你会喜欢它的，不是吗？‑C. don’t you：❌，don’t用于一般现在时实义动词反问。例句：You like it, don’t you?你喜欢它，不是吗？‑D. didn’t you：❌，didn’t用于一般过去时实义动词反问。例句：You went there, didn’t you?你去过那里，不是吗？【易错点】’d better是had better，不是would better；反意疑问用hadn’t you。【考点拓展例句】You’d better stay at home, hadn’t you?你最好待在家里，不是吗？ ( )20. If you ____ not know the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the dictionary. A. are B. do C. will D. have 【答案】B 【核心考点】一般现在时否定；实义动词know的否定需要助动词do。A. are：❌，be动词后面不能接动词原形know。例句：You are right.你是对的。‑B. do：✔，实义动词原形know，否定借助助动词do，do not know。例句：If you do not understand, ask me.如果你不懂，就问我。‑C. will：❌，will表将来，if条件状语从句不用will表将来。例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。‑D. have：❌，have作助动词接过去分词，不接动词原形know。例句：You have finished your work.你已经完成你的工作。【易错点】if条件从句用一般现在时表将来；实义动词否定要借助do/does，不能用be动词。【考点拓展例句】If you do not know the answer, you can ask your teacher.如果你不知道答案，可以问老师。 提升篇（共50 分） 二、情态动词与助动词综合选择题 (共 10 小题；每小题 5分，满分 50 分) ( )21. He must have finished the task last night, ____? A. mustn’t he B. haven’t he C. didn’t he D. hasn’t he 【答案】C 【核心考点】反意疑问句；must have done对过去的推测，句中有明确过去时间状语last night，反问用一般过去时didn’t。A. mustn’t he：❌，must表推测时，反疑疑问不使用mustn’t。例句：He must be at home, isn’t he?他一定在家，不是吗？‑B. haven’t he：❌，没有明确过去时间，才可用haven’t；本句有last night明确过去时间。例句：He must have arrived, haven’t he?他想必已经到了，不是吗？‑C. didn’t he：✔，有last night明确过去时间，把句子还原为he finished the task last night，反问用didn’t he。例句：He must have left yesterday, didn’t he?他想必昨天离开了，不是吗？‑D. hasn’t he：❌，hasn’t用于现在完成时，本句有明确过去时间状语，不用现在完成时反问。例句：He has finished it, hasn’t he?他已经完成了，不是吗？【易错点】must have done反意疑问：有过去时间状语，用一般过去时did/didn’t；无过去时间，用have/has。【考点拓展例句】He must have seen the film last week, didn’t he?他上周想必看过这部电影，不是吗？ ( ) 22. —Need I hand in the report before noon?—Yes, you ____. But you ____ copy it by hand; the printed one is also acceptable. A. must; needn’t B. need; mustn’t C. should; can’t D. have to; shouldn’t 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词Need I…的问答；need情态动词用法。A. must; needn’t：✔，Need I…的肯定回答用must；needn’t表示“不必手写，打印版也可以”。例句：—Need I go now?—Yes,you must.‑我需要现在走吗？‑是的，你必须。‑B. need; mustn’t：❌，Need I肯定回答不用need；mustn’t表示禁止，语义错误。例句：You mustn’t enter the room.禁止进入房间。‑C. should; can’t：❌，should表劝告，can’t表不能，问答逻辑不通。例句：You should be on time.你应当准时。‑D. have to; shouldn’t：❌，have to侧重客观不得不，不用于回答Need I问句；shouldn’t不应当，语义不符。例句：He has to work hard.他不得不努力工作。 【易错点】Need I…?肯定回答：Yes, you must；否定回答：No, you needn’t。【考点拓展例句】—Need I finish it today?—Yes,you must, but you needn’t do it yourself.—我需要今天做完吗？—是的必须，但不必你亲自做。 ( ) 23. You ____ take photos here. Look at the sign! However, you ____ use your notebook to write down something. A. mustn’t; can B. shouldn’t; must C. needn’t; may D. can’t; ought 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词mustn’t表禁止；can表示许可。A. mustn’t; can：✔，mustn’t表示标牌提示禁止拍照；can表示可以用笔记本记录。例句：You mustn’t smoke here, but you can drink water.这里禁止吸烟，但是可以喝水。‑B. shouldn’t; must：❌，shouldn’t“不应该”语气弱，标牌禁令要用mustn’t；must必须语义不通。例句：You shouldn’t stay up late.你不应该熬夜。‑C. needn’t; may：❌，needn’t不必，不是禁止含义。例句：You needn’t worry.你不必担心。‑D. can’t; ought：❌，can’t不能够；ought后面必须搭配to do，不能直接接动词原形。例句：You ought to obey rules.你应当遵守规则。【易错点】标牌、标识上的禁止，用mustn’t；ought后面必须加to。【考点拓展例句】You mustn’t park here, but you can stop for a short time.此处禁止停车，但是你可以短暂停靠。 ( ) 24. They had to give up the outdoor activity because of the heavy snow, ____? A. hadn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. had they 【答案】B 【核心考点】反意疑问句；had to为have to过去式，表“不得不”，反问借助助动词did。A. hadn’t they：❌，had to表不得不，不能直接用had反问。例句：They had finished the work, hadn’t they?他们已经完成工作，不是吗？‑B. didn’t they：✔，had to实义含义，过去式，前肯后否用didn’t they。例句：He had to walk home, didn’t he?他不得不步行回家，不是吗？‑C. did they：❌，前半句为肯定句，反问用否定形式。例句：They didn’t give up, did they?他们没有放弃，是吗？‑D. had they：❌，既不能用had反问，同时形式为肯定，逻辑错误。例句：They had lived there, had they?他们曾经住在那里，是吗？【易错点】have to/had to表不得不，反意疑问用do/did；只有have作完成时态助动词，才用have/had反问。【考点拓展例句】She had to change her plan, didn’t she?她不得不改变计划，不是吗？ ( ) 25. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call yesterday evening?—I ____ asleep, for I was too tired after the long‑time work. A. should have been B. must have been C. could be D. might be 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词+have done，对过去情况的肯定推测must have done过去一定做了。 A. should have been：❌，should have done本应该做（实际未做），带责备。例句：You should have been on time.你本应当准时。‑B. must have been：✔，对过去事情肯定推测，昨晚没接电话，当时一定睡着了。例句：You look so sleepy, you must have stayed up late last night.你看起来很困，昨晚一定熬夜了。‑C. could be：❌，could be推测现在或将来，不用于过去。例句：He could be at home now.他现在或许在家。‑D. might be：❌，might be推测现在，不能对过去动作推测。例句：It might rain tomorrow.明天或许会下雨。【易错点】对过去推测，使用“情态动词+have done”；must have done表过去十分肯定推测。【考点拓展例句】The room is so messy, he must have made a big mess.房间很乱，他当时一定搞得一团糟。 ( )26. No one ____ enter the laboratory without the teacher’s permission, ____? A. shall; can they B. can’t; can’t they C. may; may one D. must; mustn’t one 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词shall用于法律、规章制度表示规定警告；不定代词no one反意疑问句用they指代。A. shall; can they：✔，shall用于规章制度，表示规定“任何人不得”；no one反疑疑问用they。例句：No one shall break the rule, can they?任何人不得违反规定，是吗？‑B. can’t; can’t they：❌，no one本身带否定含义，再加can’t双重否定错误。例句：No one can finish it.没有人可以完成它。‑C. may; may one：❌，may表许可不适合规章制度；one不能用于反意疑问指代no one。例句：One should keep promise.人应当信守承诺。‑D. must; mustn’t one：❌，must表必须，语义不通；one不用于反疑疑问。例句：You must follow the rules.你必须遵守规则。【易错点】shall用于条文规定；no one/nobody反意疑问句用they指代，不用one。 【考点拓展例句】No one shall smoke in this building, can they?任何人不得在楼内吸烟，是吗？ ( ) 27. You ____ worry about him; he ____ take good care of himself, but he ____ be too careless sometimes. A. needn’t; is able to; may B. mustn’t; can; should C. don’t need; could; must D. shouldn’t; ought; can 【答案】A 【核心考点】情态动词needn’t不必；be able to表示能力；may表可能性推测。A. needn’t; is able to; may：✔，needn’t不必担心；is able to能够照顾自己；may表示有时候可能会粗心。例句：You needn’t worry, he is able to manage it, but he may make mistakes.你不必担心，他可以处理，但他有时可能犯错。‑B. mustn’t; can; should：❌，mustn’t禁止，语义错误；should应当，此处要表推测。例句：You mustn’t go out alone.你不许独自外出。‑C. don’t need; could; must：❌，don’t need后面要加to do；must表示一定，语义不符合sometimes。例句：You don’t need to go.你不必去。‑D. shouldn’t; ought; can：❌，ought后面缺少to；can表客观能力，不用于此处推测。例句：You ought to study hard.你应当努力学习。【易错点】needn’t情态动词直接加动词原形；don’t need实义动词后面接to do；ought后面必须搭配to。【考点拓展例句】You needn’t fear the difficulty; he is able to solve it, but he may need some help.你不必害怕困难，他能够解决，但他或许需要一点帮助。 ( ) 28. —Could I have a word with you right now?—Sorry, you ____. I ____ attend an important meeting immediately. A. couldn’t; must B. can’t; have to C. can’t; mustn’t D. couldn’t; need 【答案】B 【核心考点】could委婉请求的否定答语用can’t；have to表客观情况“不得不”。A. couldn’t; must：❌，回答could请求，否定不用couldn’t；must侧重主观必须。例句：—Could I use your bike?—Sorry you can’t.—我能用你的自行车吗？—抱歉不行。‑B. can’t; have to：✔，委婉请求否定回答用can’t；客观情况，不得不立刻参会。例句：—Could I talk with you?—Sorry you can’t, I have to leave now.—我可以和你谈谈吗？—抱歉不行，我现在不得不离开。‑C. can’t; mustn’t：❌，mustn’t禁止，语义错误。例句：You mustn’t run here.不许在这里跑。‑D. couldn’t; need：❌，答句不用couldn’t；need需要，语义不通。例句：I need some water.我需要一点水。【易错点】问句could表委婉，否定回答用can’t，不用couldn’t；have to客观不得不，must主观必须。【考点拓展例句】—Could I borrow your book?—Sorry, you can’t, I have to hand it in.‑我可以借你的书吗？‑抱歉不行，我得上交。 ( ) 29. He used to stay up late to study, ____? A. didn’t he B. usedn’t he C. A or B D. isn’t he 【答案】C 【核心考点】used to反意疑问句；两种正确形式didn’t he / usedn’t he，考试两种均成立。A. didn’t he：❌，形式正确，但不是唯一答案。例句：He used to swim, didn’t he?他过去常常游泳，不是吗？‑B. usedn’t he：❌，旧式书面正确形式，但也不是唯一答案。例句：He used to live here, usedn’t he?他过去住在这里，不是吗？‑C. A or B：✔，used to反意疑问句，didn’t he 和 usedn’t he两种都正确。例句：She used to dance, didn’t she / usedn’t she?她过去常常跳舞，不是吗？‑D. isn’t he：❌，和used to无关。例句：He is happy, isn’t he?他很开心，不是吗？ 【易错点】used to反意疑问两种表达方式：didn’t+主语 / usedn’t+主语，对口升学两种都认可。【考点拓展例句】They used to play football, didn’t they(=usedn’t they)?他们过去常常踢足球，不是吗？ ( )30. If you ____ speak in public, you ____ practice a lot in advance, or you may feel nervous. A. shall; would B. must; should C. will; ought D. can; need 【答案】B 【核心考点】情态动词must表示“非要、一定要”；should表劝告“应当”。A. shall; would：❌，shall用于一三人称请求警告；would表过去将来，语义不通。例句：Shall we start?我们可以开始吗？‑B. must; should：✔，must表示如果你非要当众发言；should劝告应当提前多多练习。例句：If you must go out, you should take an umbrella.如果你非要外出，你应当带上雨伞。‑C. will; ought：❌，if条件从句一般不用will；ought后面缺少to。例句：You ought to take exercise.你应当锻炼。‑D. can; need：❌，can能够，语义不符；need作情态动词多用于否定疑问。例句：You need to rest.你需要休息。【易错点】must可翻译“非要、偏偏”；ought后面要接to do；need作情态动词多用于否定疑问句。【考点拓展例句】If you must take part in the competition, you should prepare for it well.如果你非要参加比赛，你应当好好准备。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $