Unit 6 Writers and their masterpieces 同步【语法】-have to, had better等-复习和练习-2025-2026学年沪外教版七年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦have to等四组情态动词短语，通过“含义-句式-辨析-易错”四维方法体系，结合分层训练实现知识迁移与语言能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识点讲解|4核心知识点+5类课本习题|含义对比（如have to客观vs must主观）、句式变化表、易错提醒（如had better不加to）|从功能含义到句式变形，通过易混辨析（如used to do三兄弟）建立联系| |基础层|6单选+6填空|情境匹配法（规则/建议/过去习惯）|识别情态动词基本用法，强化人称及时态变化| |提升层|6判断+6中译英|错误类型归纳（否定结构/时态混用）|纠正典型错误，提升语境应用准确性| |拓展层|1语法填空+1书面表达|篇章整合技巧（多结构综合运用）|从单句到语篇，培养逻辑思维与综合语言运用能力|

Unit 6 Writers and their masterpieces 同步【语法】 have to, had better, needn’t, used to 【同步语法复习】 1、 重点知识点 (1) have to 1. 含义 表示事情客观上必要、被要求、不得不（外因：规则、环境、责任迫使） 区分：must 侧重说话人主观认为必须；have to 侧重客观条件要求。 2. 句式变化表 句式 例句 要点说明 肯定句 I have to leave now. She has to leave now. · 随主语人称变化：have to /has to； · 过去式 had to 否定句 I don’t have to leave now. She doesn’t have to leave now. · don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to = needn’t（不必） 一般疑问句 Do you have to leave now? Does she have to leave now? · 借助助动词 do/does/did · have to 变回原形 · 易错提醒 1) have to 是实义动词短语，不能直接加 not 提问； 2) 过去时态统一使用 had to，否定：didn’t have to； 3) don’t have to ≠ mustn’t （正确） don’t have to = needn’t 不必（可做可不做） （错误）mustn’t 禁止、不准（绝对不能做） (2) had better (缩写 ’d better) 1. 含义 表达强烈劝告、中肯警示：最好（做 / 不做） 语气比 should 更强，多用于给对方善意提醒。 2. 句式变化表 句式 例句 要点说明 肯定句 I had better stay here. · had better + 动词原形 否定句 I had better not stay here. · had better not + 动词原形 · not 放在 better 后 一般疑 问句 Had I better stay here? · 课本标准句式 · 日常口语更常用：Hadn’t you better…? · 高频陷阱 1) (错误) had better to do（错误！严禁加 to） 2) (错误) had not better（错误！否定只能是 had better not） (正确)无人称、时态变化，任何人称一律用 had better，不会变成 has better /have better (3) used to do 1. 含义 描述过去存在的状态 / 过去经常性动作，现在已经不再如此。 2. 句式变形 句式 例句 肯定 I used to live in a small town. 否定 I didn’t use to live in a small town. 疑问 Did you use to live in a small town? · 易混三组辨析（极易混淆） 1) used to do 过去常常做（现在不做） 2) be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 是介词 + 动名词） 3) be used to do 被用来做某事（被动语态） 例句： · I used to swim. 我过去常常游泳。 · I am used to swimming. 我习惯游泳。 · Wood is used to make paper. 木头被用来造纸。 (4) needn’t do 1. 含义 不必做某事，没有做这件事的必要。 2. 结构：needn’t + 动词原形 例句：We needn’t look up every new word. 我们不必查阅每一个生词。 3. 关键搭配考点 · 问句：Must I …? · 肯定回答：Yes, you must. · 否定回答：No, you needn’t / No, you don’t have to. · （禁止使用 No, you mustn’t，含义变成 “禁止”） (5) 重点辨析 1. had better vs. used to 结构 用法 例句 had better 提建议，“最好做某事” You had better read every day. used to 过去习惯，“过去常常” I used to read every day. 2. needn’t vs. mustn’t 结构 含义 重点 needn’t 不必 不需要做某事 mustn’t 禁止 不允许做某事 例句： · You needn’t come if you are busy. 如果你忙，就不必来了。 · You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. 你不可以在图书馆里大声说话。 2、 课本习题 (1) 课本习题C1 1. Twain used to live in a small town on the Mississippi River. 2. We had better read more classics. 3. I needn’t think about such things now. Q1 Did Twain live in the small town all his life? 答案：No, he didn’t. 答案：No, he didn’t. 句意：吐温并不是一辈子住在这个小镇。 解析：used to do sth. 表示过去曾经做某事，如今不再如此，说明他仅过去居住在此，并非终生。 Q2 Is it necessary for everyone to read classics? 答案：No, it isn’t absolutely necessary, but it is helpful. 句意：阅读经典并不是每个人都必须做的事，但它很有帮助。 解析：had better（最好） 提出建设性建议，倡导大家多阅读经典著作，needn’t 表示 “不必”，说明不是强制要求，符合描述的内容。 Q3 Is it necessary for Charlotte to live all by herself or does she have other choices? 答案：She has to live all by herself. She has no other choices. 句意：夏洛特不得不独自生活，她没有别的选择。 解析：have to do sth. 表示 “不得不做某事”，侧重受客观条件约束，没有其他可选方案；选择疑问句不能使用 Yes/No 作答，要直接陈述答案。 (2) 课本习题C2 1. In Journey to the West, the Monkey King ______ go through 81 difficulties before he gets the fruit. 答案：has to 句意：在《西游记》中，孙悟空必须经历八十一难才能取得正果。 解析：表示客观上必须经历的困难，用 have to；主语单数，用 has to。 2. To get the main idea of The Secret Garden, you ______ read from word to word.答案：needn’t 句意：要理解《秘密花园》的主旨，你不必逐字阅读。 解析：needn’t 表示 “不必”。 3. —Does Peter ______ reading all Men Are Brothers? —No, he needn’t. He can finish it in parts. 答案：have to 句意：—— 彼得必须读完《水浒传》吗？—— 不，他不必。他可以分部分完成。 解析：have to 表示 “必须”。 4. He ______ stay up late when he was a student, but now he goes to bed early. 答案：used to 句意：他过去学生时常熬夜，但现在他早睡了。 解析：used to 表示过去习惯，现在不这样了。 (3) 课本习题C3 词库： try rush give up 1. You had better not give up on classics so easily. Start with books that interest you. 句意：你最好不要如此轻易放弃经典著作，可以从你感兴趣的书籍开始读。解析：语境劝对方不要轻易放弃；give up 意为 “放弃”，用否定形式 had better not do。 2. We had better not rush. It’s better to read the book a bit each day to understand it well. 句意：我们最好不要仓促赶进度，最好每天读一点这本书，才能读懂。 解析：rush 表示 “仓促行事、赶进度”，根据后文建议每日少量阅读，使用否定结构 had better not rush。 3. He had better try some books with more words. It will help him grow as a reader. 句意：他最好尝试一些文字更多的书籍，这有助于提升他的阅读能力。 解析：try 意为 “尝试”，提出正向建议，使用 had better try。 (4) 课本习题C4 要求：使用 used to 或 didn’t use to 1 I used to read adventure stories, but now I prefer history books. 句意：我过去常常读冒险故事，但现在我更喜欢历史书籍。 解析：used to + 动词原形，描述过去的阅读喜好，用 but 对比现在的变化。 2 I used to read comic books, but now I enjoy reading classics. 句意：我过去常常看漫画书，但现在我喜欢阅读经典作品。 解析：肯定形式 used to do，体现过去和当下阅读爱好的转变。 3 I didn’t use to read every night before bedtime, but I do now. 句意：我以前不会每晚睡前阅读，但我现在会。 解析：否定结构 didn’t use to + 动词原形，说明过去没有这个阅读习惯，现在养成了习惯。 4 I didn’t use to take notes while reading, but I do now. 句意：我过去阅读时不做笔记，但现在我会。 解析：使用 didn’t use to 否定句式，对比过去和现在的阅读方式。 (5) 课本习题C5 Interviewer: Hello, Mr Lu Xun! I’m so excited to talk to you. Do you think kids 1. ________ read a lot of books? Lu Xun: Hello, young friend! I believe reading is important for learning about the world, but you 2. ________ feel pressured to read a lot. It’s more important to enjoy what you read. Interviewer: That’s good to know! What kind of books did you like when you were young? Lu Xun: Well, I 3. ________ enjoy stories about ancient heroes when I was a child. They had a big influence on my writing later in life. Interviewer: That’s interesting! Do you have any advice for young readers like me? Lu Xun: My advice is that you 4. ________ read widely, not just books but essays, too. Stay open-minded and curious. Also, keep a reading notebook. Interviewer: I will, Mr Lu Xun! Your advice is really helpful! 答案： 1. have to 2. needn’t 3. used to 4. had better 解析： 1. have to 句意：你认为孩子们必须大量读书吗？ 解析：问句探讨读书是否为硬性要求，have to 表示客观层面 “必须、不得不”，贴合语境。 2. needn’t 句意：读书有助于认识世界，但你不必为大量阅读感到压力。 解析：后文强调享受阅读更加重要，说明大量阅读不是强制任务；needn’t 意为 “不必”。 3. used to 句意：我小时候常常喜欢古代英雄故事。 解析：时间状语 when I was a child 指向过去的喜好，暗含现在状态已经改变，匹配 used to（过去常常）用法。 4. had better 句意：我的建议是你最好广泛阅读，不光读书籍，也要读散文。 解析：本句是鲁迅给出阅读建议；had better 专门用于提出劝告、建议。 【同步语法练习】 ——基础层—— 1、 单项选择 1. —Must I hand in my reading report before noon? —No, you ______. You can give it to me tomorrow morning. A. have to B. must C. needn’t D. had better 2. —I want to improve my writing skills. What’s your advice? —You ______ keep a diary and write down your ideas every day. A. had better B. had better not C. needn’t D. have to 3. —Does Lily ______ practise spoken English every evening? —Yes. Her mum asks her to do so. A. used to B. have to C. needn’t D. had better 4. —______ you ______ play outdoor games after school years ago? —Yes. But now I spend most free time reading indoors. A. Did; use to B. Did; used to C. Do; use to D. Do; used to 5. —We ______ stay inside during the heavy storm. It’s too dangerous outside. —OK. I won’t go out. A. needn’t B. had better not C. had better D. didn’t use to 6. —Why does your brother wear glasses now? —He ______ wear glasses, but his eyesight becomes poor these days. A. used to B. didn’t use to C. has to D. needn’t 2、 选词填空（从方框选择正确短语，可重复使用） have to, had better, needn’t, used to, didn’t use to 1. The sign says visitors ________ keep off the grass. It’s the rule of the garden. 2. My uncle ________ collect stamps, but now he loves collecting old books. 3. You ________ buy new notebooks. I still have two extra ones for you. 4. It is going to rain soon. We ________ head home right now. 5. She ________ get up early last term, but this term her school starts later. 6. Tom ________ enjoy poems, yet he finds many short poems wonderful now. ——提升层—— 1、 判断正 (T) 误 (F) 并改正 1. You had better to take a warm coat with you. 2. Did your sister used to enjoy science fiction? 3. He doesn’t have to finish the task before Friday. He can finish it next week. 4. I use to share interesting stories with my classmates during breaks. 5. You had better not stay up late to read online novels. 6. My cousin has to practise music yesterday because of the competition. 2、 中译英 1. ——我需要记下书中所有生词吗？ ——不必，你只需要记录高频词汇。 2. 你最好每周留出一点空闲时间阅读。 3. 我过去不喜欢散文，但是现在我经常阅读名家散文。 4. 由于交通拥堵，他们不得不提早出发。 5. 你最好不要一边吃饭一边看书，这不利于健康。 6. 她小时候常常在傍晚去图书馆看书。 ——拓展层—— 1、 语法填空 阅读短文，从每小题后的两个短语中圈出合适短语，并用正确形式填空。 Reading is very important in our life. My brother 1.___________ (used to/had better) hate reading, but now he falls in love with books. I told him he 2.___________ (had better/needn’t) change his reading habit. He 3.___________ (have to/used to) finish his homework first every evening, so he had little time for books. I said he 4.___________ (needn’t/have to) read for a long time; 15 minutes a day is enough. You 5.___________ (had better/used to) choose interesting books to start with. You 6.___________ (needn’t/have to) understand every word when you read. You 7.___________ (have to/had better) not give up when you meet difficult passages. I 8.___________ (used to/needn’t) look up all new words, but now I know I 9.___________ (needn’t/had better) do that. Sometimes we 10.___________ (have to/used to) read again to get the main idea. 2、 书面表达 题目：Changes in my reading habits 要求： 1. 词数：60–80 词 2. 介绍阅读习惯的变化； 3. 至少使用 3 个目标结构：have to /had better /needn’t /used to 参考答案和解析 ——基础层—— 一、 单项选择 1. 答案：C 句意：—— 我必须中午之前上交阅读报告吗？—— 不必。你可以明天早上交给我。 解析：以 Must I…? 提问，否定回答固定用 needn’t / don’t have to，表示 “不必”；mustn’t 含义为 “禁止”，不能用于此处。 2. 答案：A 句意：—— 我想提升写作能力，你有什么建议？—— 你最好坚持写日记，每天记录想法。 解析：说话人在主动给出学习建议，had better 用于提出善意劝告；have to 侧重客观强制要求，不符合建议语境。 3. 答案：B 句意：—— 莉莉每晚都必须练习英语口语吗？—— 是的，她妈妈要求她这么做。 解析：助动词 Does 后接动词原形；have to 表示受他人要求，客观上不得不做；used to 疑问句结构为 Did … use to。 4. 答案：A 句意：—— 多年前你放学后常常去户外玩耍吗？—— 是的。但是现在我大部分空闲时间都在室内看书。 解析：years ago 标志过去；used to 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to do；did 后面必须还原 use 原形。 5. 答案：C 句意：暴风雨期间我们最好待在室内，外面太危险了。—— 好的，我不会外出。 解析：依据危险情况给出劝告，had better + 动词原形；had better not 意为最好不要，逻辑相反。 6. 答案：B 句意：—— 你弟弟现在为什么戴眼镜？—— 他以前不戴眼镜，但是最近视力变差了。 解析：前后形成对比，说明过去不戴、现在佩戴；didn’t use to do 表示过去不常做某事。 二、 选词填空（从方框选择正确短语，变形填空，可重复使用） 1. 答案：have to 句意：标识写着游客不得践踏草坪，这是园区规定。 解析：规章制度属于客观强制要求，主语 visitors 复数，选用 have to。 2. 答案：used to 句意：我叔叔过去常常集邮，但现在他喜爱收藏旧书籍。 解析：前后对比今昔爱好变化，used to do 描述过去习惯。 3. 答案：needn’t 句意：你不必买新笔记本，我还有两本多余的可以给你。 解析：后文说明可以提供笔记本，因此购买不是必要行为，needn’t 不必。 4. 答案：had better 句意：马上要下雨了，我们最好立刻回家。 解析：根据天气情况给出劝告，使用 had better + 动词原形。 5. 答案：had to 句意：上个学期她不得不早起，但这学期上学时间推迟了。 解析：last term 为过去时间；have to 过去式 had to，表示过去客观要求。 6. 答案：didn’t use to 句意：汤姆以前不喜欢诗歌，但如今他觉得很多小诗十分优美。 解析：今昔喜好对比，过去不喜欢，didn’t use to do。 ——提升层—— 一、 判断正 (T) 误 (F) 并改正 1. F 改正：You had better take a warm coat with you. 句意：你最好随身带上一件厚外套。 解析：had better 后面只能接动词原形，严禁加 to。 2. F 改正：Did your sister use to enjoy science fiction? 句意：你的姐姐过去常常喜欢科幻小说吗？ 解析：助动词 did 已经体现过去时态，后面 use 必须使用原形。 3. T 句意：他不必周五前完成任务，可以下周完成。 解析：doesn’t have to = needn’t，结构与时态全部正确。 4. F 改正：I used to share interesting stories with my classmates during breaks. 句意：我以前课间常常和同学们分享有趣的故事。 解析：描述过去习惯，固定结构 used to do，不能漏掉 d。 5. T 句意：你最好不要熬夜看网络小说。 解析：had better not + 动词原形，否定结构规范无误。 6. F 改正：My cousin had to practise music yesterday because of the competition. 句意：昨天我的表弟因为比赛不得不练习乐曲。 解析：yesterday 是过去时间状语，have to 需要变为过去形式 had to。 二、 中译英 1. —Do I have to write down all the new words in the book? —You needn’t. You only need to note down high-frequency words. 解析：询问是否为硬性要求用 have to；回答 “不必” 使用 needn’t。 2. You had better set aside some free time for reading every week. 解析：向他人提出合理建议，选用 had better。 3. I didn’t use to like essays, but now I often read essays written by famous writers. 解析：对比过去与现在喜好，使用 didn’t use to。 4. They have to set off early because of heavy traffic. 解析：客观外部条件造成被迫行动，选用 have to。 5. You had better not read books while you are having meals. It is bad for your health. 解析：提出劝阻类建议，had better not。 6. She used to go to the library to read books in the evening when she was young. 解析：描述孩童时期习惯性行为，现在情况改变，用 used to。 ——拓展层—— 一、 语法填空 1. used to 句意：我弟弟过去讨厌阅读，但现在他爱上了书籍。 解析：used to do 表示过去常常，现在发生改变，后接动词原形 hate，后文 but now 提示今昔对比。 2. had better 句意：我告诉他最好改变他的阅读习惯。 解析：had better do sth 最好做某事，用于给出劝告建议，无人称变化，后接动词原形 change。 3. had to 句意：过去他每天晚上不得不先完成作业，所以几乎没有时间看书。 解析：have to 客观上不得不；全文讲述过去的情况，使用过去式 had to，体现客观条件带来的约束。 4. needn’t 句意：我说他不必阅读很长时间，每天 15 分钟就足够。 解析：needn’t + 动词原形 意为 “不必做某事”，后文 “15 分钟足够” 说明不需要长时间阅读。 5. had better 句意：你最好选有趣的书作为阅读的开端。 解析：had better do 提出善意建议，后接动词原形 choose。 6. needn’t 句意：阅读的时候，你不必弄懂每一个单词。 解析：needn’t do 不必做某事，阅读场景，不需要弄懂全部生词。 7. had better 句意：遇到难懂的段落，你最好不要放弃。 解析：had better not do 最好不要做某事，否定 not 放在 better 之后，后接动词原形 give up。 8. used to 句意：我过去常常查阅所有生词，但是现在我知道不必那样做。 解析：used to do 过去常常做，现在不再这样，后文 but now 提示对比。 9. needn’t 句意：但是现在我知道我不必那样做。 解析：needn’t do 不必做某事，表达没有必要查全部生词。 10. have to 句意：有时候我们不得不重读一遍来获取主旨大意。 解析：have to do 客观条件迫使 “不得不”，sometimes 为一般现在时，主语 we，用原形 have to。 二、 书面表达 参考范文 Changes in my reading habits I used to read nothing but cartoons in the past. Now I try different kinds of books. My English teacher says I had better read some literary works. She tells me I needn’t finish a whole book in a short time, but I have to keep reading every day. Reading helps me know more about the world. I will keep this good habit. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $