专题 7 非谓语动词（用法+动词短语搭配）（讲义）2027年四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为非谓语动词（用法+动词短语搭配）。 【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题7非谓语动词（用法+动词短语搭配） 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 不定式 即时训练 考点2 动名词 即时训练 考点3 分词 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 基础用法辨析（非谓语分类、核心属性、句法功能）：熟练掌握 2. 易混考点辨析（to do/doing、分词差异、不定式用法区分）：重点突破 3. 句式搭配辨析（非谓语句型、主谓搭配、固定句式与搭配）：熟练辨析 4. 语境解题逻辑（句子主干、逻辑主语、时态语态语境判定）：重点掌握 5. 特殊规则与易错点（特殊结构、固定用法、高频易错题型）：熟练运用 动词以其特定的形式，在句中不作谓语，且不受句子主语的人称与数的限制的动词，称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词性质，又有非动词的性质，其动词性质表现在可以与宾语或状语连用，构成非谓语动词短语，有时态和语态的变化；非动词的性质表现在相当于名词时充当句子的主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语等，相当于形容词时充当句子的定语，相当于副词时充当句子的状语，其句法功能见下表。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 动词不定式 ✓ 动名词 x x 现在分词 X x ✓ 过去分词 x x 【考点1 不定式】 一、形式 形式 to do (sth.) 省to不定式：do(sth.） 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 to do to be done 完成时 to have done to have been done 否定 形式 not to do (sth.) She decided not to be late again.她决定不再迟到。 never to do (sth.)（表强调） He promises never to make such a stupid mistake. 他许诺不再犯如此蠢的错误。 二、用法 （1）动词不定式作主语 · 表示具体或一次性动作 e.g. To finish the job in three days is not easy. 三天内完成这项工作是不容易的。 · 谓语动词用单数 e.g. To be or not to be is a question. 生存与否是一个问题。 · it作形式主语： ① It + takes + sb.+ 时间 + to do（做······要花费某人······） ② It + be + n./adj.+ to do e.g. It will take us two hours____________(get) there. 到那儿要花费我们两个小时。 It is not easy to finish the job in three days. 三天内完成这项工作是不容易的。 It was a pity to miss the chance. 可惜的是错过了这次机会。 · 复合结构：It + be + n. / adj. + of / for sb. + to do ① It + be + n. / adj.+ of sb. to do sth.形容词表示人的性格、品德等特征，如：nice、kind、honest、clever、polite、brave、careful、selfish、careless、dishonest、foolish、intelligent、impolite、naughty、rude、silly、smart、stupid、thoughtful、thoughtless、wise、selfless、unwise等。 ② It + be + n. / adj.+ for sb. to do sth.形容词表示事物的特征、特点，如：difficult、important、necessary、hard等。 e.g. It is foolish________ you to give up studying knowledge. 不学习知识对你来说是愚蠢的。 It is very kind__________ him to offer me a job. 他给我一份工作真是太好了。 It's important__________ him to seize the opportunity. 对他来说，抓住这次机会很重要。 It's quite necessary_________ us ____________ English well. 我们很有必要学好英语。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 · 常接动词不定式作宾语的有：want、hope、plan、decide、expect、agree、attempt、care、 choose、dare、demand、 desire、determine、fail、manage、pretend、promise、refuse、wish等 e.g. I have decided to study engineering. 我已经决定学工程学。 They chose to cooperate with their opponents. 他们选择与他们的对手一起合作。 How I wish to have another day off! 我多么想再有一天假期！ · 疑问词＋动词不定式。常用的及物动词有ask、advise、decide、know、teach、tell e.g. Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么吗？ Can you tell me how to get to the museum? 你能告诉我怎样到达博物馆吗？ I haven't decided which one to buy. 我还没有决定买哪一个。 · it作形式宾语： 主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语 + (for / of sb.) to do 常见谓语动词有：think、consider、feel、find、believe、make e.g. Foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese well. 外国人认为学好中文很难。 We believe it their duty for students to work hard at all the lessons. 我们认为努力学习所有功课是学生们的职责。 I think it polite of her to smile to strangers. 我认为她对陌生人微笑是礼貌之举。 · be + 形容词／过去分词＋to do的短语有； be able to do 能够做某事 be careful to do小心做某事 be convinced to do 被说服做某事 be determined to do 决心做某事 be likely to do 很可能做某事 be ready to do 准备／乐意做某事 be willing to do 愿意做某事 be afraid to do 害怕做某事 be certain to do 肯定会做某事 be eager to do 渴望做某事 be fit to do 适合做某事 be prepared to do 准备好做某事 be sure to do一定／务必做某事 （3）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 与宾语存在主谓关系（宾语是不定式动作的执行者） e.g. My father does not allow us to play on the street.（宾语us是to play动作的执行者） 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 Please ask John to turn on the light.（宾语John是to turn on the light的执行者） 请叫约翰开灯。 · 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的高频动词和动词短语有advise、allow、ask、expect、force、 get、help、invite、leave、order、suppose、persuade、tell、want、warn、would like、wait for、call on等 e.g. Our teachers encouraged us to care more about our skills. 我们老师鼓励我们多关注自己的技能。 Most parents agree to forbid their children to play computer games. 大多数父母同意禁止自己的孩子玩电脑游戏。 We are waiting for Peter to finish his homework. 我们正在等彼得完成他的家庭作业。 We should call on people to protect our environment. 我们应该号召人们保护环境。 · 使役动词let、make、have和感官动词find、feel、look at、observe、notice、watch、see、 hear、listen to等接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但这些句子变成被动语态时，必须还原to e.g. The story made us laugh.（主动语态）= We were made to laugh by the story.（被动语态）这个故事把我们逗笑了。 （4）动词不定式作表语 · 主语和表语可互换，主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，形式须一致，如前后都是动词不定 式，或都是动名词 e.g. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 · 表明主语的内容 e.g. My work today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为医生。 · 表示具体的或一次性的动作 e.g. To lie to your parents is wrong. 对你父母撒谎是不对的。 （5）动词不定式作定语 · 放在被修饰词之后 1. 主谓关系（被修饰词是动词不定式动作的执行者） e.g. The next high-speed train to arrive in Zhuhai was from Shenzhen. (the next high-speed train 与to arrive 之间存在主谓关系，train执行arrive这个动作） 下一班到珠海的高铁是从深圳开来的。 2. 动宾关系（被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者） e.g. I have a lot of work to do. (work与to do之间存在动宾关系，work承受do这个动作） 我有很多工作要做。 3. 表示将来的动作 e.g. The sports meeting to take place next week is sure to be wonderful. 下周举行的运动会一定很精彩。 注意：当被修饰词与动词不定式是动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，后面应接必要的介词。 e.g. Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张写字的纸。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找住的房间。 I have nothing to worry about. 我没有事情担忧。 （6）动词不定式作状语 · 目的状语 to do、so as to do（不可用于句首）、in order to do e.g. He got up early to catch the first bus. = He got up early so as to catch the first bus. = He got up early in order to catch the first bus. = In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 他早起是为了赶上第一班车。 · 结果状语 only to do（表示出乎意料的结果）、so...as to do、such...as to do、enough...to do、too...to（表否定意义） e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜寻了房间，什么都没发现。 He is too young to do this voluntary job. 他太年轻了，不能做这份志愿工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄够大，可以上学了。 · 原因状语 用于表示情绪变化作谓语的动词之后，如：jump、tremble、weep等 e.g. The girl wept not to see her family around. 这个女孩看不到家人在身边就哭了。 · 用于表示情绪变化作表语的形容词之后，如：angry、anxious、ashamed、pleased、 astonished、excited、disappointed、frightened、grateful、happy、satisfied、shocked、sorry、surprised、unhappy、upset等 e.g. She is surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，她感到很意外。 The boy was happy to hear from his best friend. 男孩很高兴收到他最好的朋友的来信。 I'm sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病的消息我很难过。 （7）省略to的动词不定式 · why (not) do e.g. Why (not) ______________ the gas? 为什么（不）关掉煤气？ · 在使役动词let、have、make后作宾语补足语 e.g. He often makes his little sister cry.（主动语态）他经常将他妹妹弄哭。 His little sister is often made to cry by him.（被动语态）他妹妹经常被他弄哭。 · 在感官动词find、look at、observe、notice、watch、see、hear、listen to等后作宾语补足 语 e.g. We often hear her sing this song.（主动语态）我们经常听见她唱这首歌。 She was often heard to sing this song by us.（被动语态）她经常被我们听见唱这首歌。 · than后接不带to的不定式： prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.= would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做 某事 e.g. I prefer __________(read) novels rather than___________(play) computer games. =I would rather read novels than play computer games. 我宁愿看小说而不愿打电子游戏。 They would rather choose to die than give in. 他们宁死不屈。 · had better最好、can do nothing but=can't do anything but 不得不，只得 e.g. I can't do anything but read at home on rainy days. 雨天我只好在家看书。 We'd better__________ at home when a typhoon comes. 当台风来临时，我们最好待在家。 注意：介词but、except、besides前若有动词do，则其后常用省略to的不定式作介词宾语；若其前没有动词do，则接带to的不定式。 e.g. She had no choice but to quit her job in order to look after her child. 为了照顾她的孩子，除了辞职，她别无选择。 It has no effect except to make him angry. 这除了使他生气，别无效果。 What do you like to do besides swim？除了游泳，你还喜欢什么？ He did nothing else but laugh. 他只笑笑而已。 【即时训练】 1. It took a long time the economy after the disaster. A. to restore B. restoring C. restore D. restored 2. is difficult to reach the books on the top of the shelf. A. This; for me B. It; for I C. It; of me D. It; for me 3. across the river dangerous because it is raining heavily. A. To swim; is B. Swimming; is C. To swim; are D. Swimming; are 4. It's stupid such a mistake again. A. for me to make B. for me making C. of me to make D. of me making 5. -I haven't seen my grandma for a long time. -You miss your grandma, so why not home and see her? A. to go B. to going C. go D. gone 6. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable A. to sit B. to sit on C. sat D. sitting 7. My parents promised me a basketball as my birthday gift. A. giving B. to give C. give D. to be given 8. -Walking more is good for our health. -You're right. So I'd rather 50 minutes' walk to work than consider a car. A. take; drive B. take; driving C. taking; drive D. taking; driving 【考点2 动名词】 一、形式 动名词的形式：动词原形＋-ing 动名词具有动词特征与名词特征，动名词的具体时态和语态的变化形式见下表（以do为例）。 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 动名词的否定形式：not＋动名词 e.g. Not being punctual makes him unreliable.不准时使人觉得他不可靠。 二、用法 （1）动名词作主语 · 动名词表示一般或者抽象的多次性行为，谓语动词用单数形式 e.g. Making silk ___________(be) a protected secret in China for many years. 多年来，制造丝绸在中国一直是一个受保护的秘密。 It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year. 今年去北戴河旅行很有趣。 · it 作形式主语： ① It is / was no use / no good / no need / useless doing sth. ② It's a waste of time doing sth. e.g. It is no good/use_____________(complain) all the time. 一直抱怨是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing the gossip about it. 争论八卦很浪费时间。 · “No+doing”表示禁止的否定祈使句 e.g. No smoking！禁止吸烟！ No swimming！禁止游泳！ · 主语和表语的一致性 e.g. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）动名词作宾语 · 常接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、 deny、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、forbid、imagine、keep、mind、miss、permit、postpone、practise、risk、suggest等 e.g. He hasn't finished __________(read) the novel. 他还没有读完那部小说。 · 常接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：burst out、can't help、can't stand、feel like、give up、 put off、set off、believe in、insist on、dream of、agree on、persist in、apologize for、think of、succeed in、think about、worry about、have difficulty / trouble / problem (in)、keep / prevent / stop sb.(from)、spend...(in)、object to、according to、stick to、turn to、pay attention to、be used to、get down to、adjust to、devote oneself to、look forward to 等 e.g. The crowd burst out laughing. 人群放声大笑。 I look forward to __________(serve) you again. 期待再次为您服务。 Tu Youyou devoted herself to perfecting the drug she discovered. 屠呦呦致力于不断完善所发现的药物。 注意： ① advise / allow / forbid / permit / warn + doing e.g. We don't allow _____________(smoke) here. 我们不允许在这里抽烟。 ② advise / allow / forbid / permit / warn＋名词／代词＋to do e.g. We don't allow students ____________(smoke). 我们不允许学生抽烟。 ③ begin / start / continue / like / love / deserve / hate等词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式 e.g. He continued to read/reading after supper. 他晚饭后继续读书。 有些动词或动词短语后既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但其意义不同。 remember / forget to do sth. 记住／忘记要做某事（未做）； remember / forget doing sth. 记得／忘记做过某事（已做） e.g. Remember__________(take) a deep breath before the interview. 面试前记得深呼吸。 I still remember_________(meet) you at the airport. 我仍然记得在机场见到你的情景。 He forgot____________(turn) the light off.他忘记他已经关过灯了。 The light is still on. He forgot__________(turn) it off. 办公室的灯还亮着，他忘记关了。 regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）； regret doing sth. 后悔／抱歉做过某事（已做） e.g. I regret to tell you the bad news. 我很遗憾地通知你这个坏消息。 I regret disturbing you so long. 我很抱歉打扰了你这么久。 try to do sth. 努力做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事 e.g. He tried__________(prove) that his idea was practical. 他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。 Why not try ____________(go) by boat for a change? 为什么不尝试一下乘船呢？ mean to do sth. 打算，意欲做某事： mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 e.g. John didn't mean to hurt you. 约翰并不是故意伤害你。 Missing the plane means being late for the meeting. 错过飞机意味着开会迟到。 can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事； can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 e.g. He can't help to do your homework. 他不能帮着做你的家庭作业。 He can't help crying after hearing the bad news. 听了那个坏消息之后，他情不自禁地哭起来。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 e.g. After finishing his maths, he went on to do his physics. 做完数学题后，他接着做物理题。 She went on talking with the student. 她继续与这位学生交谈。 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事； stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情 e.g. I must stop_____________(smoke).（___________作宾语）我必须戒烟。 They stop_____________(have) a rest.（______________作目的状语）他们停下来休息。 need / require to do sth. 需要做某事； need / require / want doing ······需要······（主动表被动） e.g. She needs to buy a car. 她需要买辆车。 The flowers need / require / want_____________(water) today. 今天花需要浇一下水。 （3）动名词作表语 表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容，主语和表语可以互换 e.g. Her job is washing clothes. = Washing clothes is her job. 她的工作就是洗衣服。 注意：现在进行时强调主语执行的动作，动作正在进行。 e.g. She is washing clothes. 她正在洗衣服。 （4）动名词作定语 动名词可以置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：changing room（更衣室）、collecting tin（储蓄罐）、guessing game（猜谜游戏）、dining hall（餐厅）、hiding place（藏身处）、hunting dog（猎狗）、moving truck（搬家卡车）、sleeping car（卧铺车）、swimming pool（游泳池）、waiting room（候车室）、walking stick（手杖）、washing machine（洗衣机）。 （5）动名词的复合结构 当句子的主语不是动名词的执行者时，动名词前面就需要带上自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构主要有以下两种。 · 名词所有格／形容词性物主代词＋doing e.g. Mary's coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽的迟到使她的老师很生气。 His not being able to come is disappointing. 他不能来真令人失望。 · 名词原形／人称代词宾格＋doing（只能作宾语） e.g. I insisted on my husband paying the bill. 我坚持要我丈夫付账。 Do you mind me smoking here? 你介意我在这儿抽支烟吗？ 【即时训练】 1. I am looking forward you again. A. to serving B. served C. serve D. to serve 2. My washing machine doesn't work. It needs today. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 3. Yin Li didn't give up and passed the association constructor certificate exam. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 4. We couldn't help when we saw her strange dress. A. to laugh B. to be laughed C. laughing D. to laughing 5. I see the girl on the playground. She can't be in the library now. A. play basketball B. playing basketball C. to play basketball D. playing the basketball 6. We are looking forward the Science and Technology Museum. A. to visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visiting 7. The place is worth . A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visits 【考点3 分词】 英语中的分词有现在分词和过去分词，常在句中能找到其逻辑主语。 分 词 现在分词： doing 表示___________(进行/完成）或__________(主动/被动）意义或者表示主语的性质与特征 Studying hard, you can go to college. 努力学习，你就会上大学。 过去分词： done 表示___________（进行/完成）或___________（主动/被动）意义或者表示主语的特点与状态 The computers used in Jenny's school are made in China. 珍妮学校用的电脑是中国制造的。 一、形成 1. 现在分词的构成：动词原形＋-ing 现在分词具有动词性质，强调动作时可用“be＋现在分词”表示进行时态；作定语、表语是现在分词的形容词性质；作状语是其副词性质。现在分词的具体时态与语态形式见下表（以do 为例）。 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 2. 过去分词无时态与语态的变化形式，（以do为例）只有done这一种形式 过去分词具有动词、形容词与副词的特征。强调动作时，可用“be＋过去分词”表示被动语态；作定语、表语是其形容词性质；作状语是其副词性质。 e.g. The torch is lit. 火炬点燃着。 He is holding a lighted torch. 他手里拿着一个点燃的火炬。 The hall is very brightly lit. 大厅里灯火明亮。 3. 分词的否定形式有“not十现在分词”“not＋过去分词” e.g. Not knowing how to get to the bank, she asked a stranger for help. 不知道如何去银行，她向一个陌生人寻求帮助。 Not given any money, they still finished the work on time. 没有得到钱，他们也按时完成了工作。 二、用法 （1）分词作定语 · 单个分词作前置定语（放在被修饰词前面） e.g. Are there any living things on the moon？月球上有生物吗？ The lost time can't be found again. 失去的时间永不再来。 · 分词短语作后置定语（放在被修饰词后面） e.g. Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上星期举行的会议。 The man talking with our headmaster is an excellent graduate of our school. 与校长谈话的人是我们学校的一名优秀毕业生。 注意：现在分词作定语，与其被修饰的名词有着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示被修饰的名词发出的正在进行的行为或者所具有的性质与特征，现在分词的动作不能发生在谓语动词之前；而过去分词作定语，与其被修饰的名词有着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被修饰的名词所承受的已经发生的行为或者所处的状态。分词作定语常常可转换成一个定语从句修饰被修饰词。 a falling leaf一片正在飘零的树叶 a fallen leaf一片落叶 the weeping girl 哭泣着的女孩 the wept girl 哭过的女孩 running water 自来水 working people 劳动人民 a sleeping boy = boy who is sleeping 正在睡觉的男孩 a building facing to the sea = building which faces the sea 海景房 a repaired car = car which was repaired 一辆修理过的车 the teacher respected by us = the teacher who is respected by us 我们敬重的老师 （2）分词作表语 · 现在分词：表示主语的性质和特征 e.g. The news is encouraging. 这个消息鼓舞人心。 · 过去分词：表示主语的特点和状态，有被动意义。被动语态强调动作 e.g. She looked worried. 她看上去忧心忡忡。 The window was broken.（过去分词作表语，表示状态）窗户是破的。 The window has been broken by the little boy twice.（过去分词作谓语表被动，强调动作） 那扇窗户被小男孩打破了两次。 注意：be＋动词-ing形式有三种不同的句法功能和意义，其区别如下表所示。 ① 现在分词作表语：表示主语的性质与特征，其后不能带宾语，主语、表语不可互换 e.g. The movie is moving. 这部电影很感人。 What you say is really amazing. 你说的真是太神奇了。 ② 现在分词用于进行时态：表示一个具体动作正在进行中 e.g. She is seeing a movie. 她正在看电影。 They are discussing the 31st FISU Summer World University Games. 他们正在讨论第三十一届世界大学生夏季运动会。 ③ 动名词作表语：表示动作的抽象性、多次性，对主语内容的进一步说明与解释，可带宾语，主语、表语可以互换 e.g. His duty is helping the disabled. = Helping the disabled is his duty. 他的职责是帮助残疾人。 The problem was finding land for it. = Finding land for it was the problem. 问题是要为此找到土地。 （3）分词作宾语补足语 非谓语动词形式 宾语补足语的动作情况 宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系 现在分词 正在进行（或持续） 主动关系 现在分词被动式 正在进行（或持续） 被动关系 过去分词 完成、状态或动作全过程 被动关系 ① 分词作感官动词的宾语补足语 感官动词：look at、notice、observe、see、watch、hear、listen to、find · 感官动词＋宾语＋do（省略to的不定式）：表示动作的主动性、完整性、经常性 e.g. I often see the girl run on the playground. 我常看到这个女孩在操场上跑步。 · 感官动词＋宾语＋doing：表示动作的主动性、持续性、进行性 e.g. We heard him crying when we got home. 当我们到家时，听见他正在哭。 I saw the child being beaten by his father. 我看见那孩子正在被他父亲打。 · 感官动词＋宾语＋done：表示动作的被动性、完成性或使宾语处于某种状态 e.g. I was glad to see the child well taken care of. 我很高兴看到那个孩子被照顾得很好。 ② 分词作使役动词的宾语补足语 使役动词：have、let、make · 使役动词＋宾语＋do（省略to的不定式）：表示动作的主动性 e.g. I have my son do some housework on weekends. 周末我会让我儿子做一些家务。 · 使役动词＋宾语＋done：表示动作的被动性、完成性或者使宾语处于某种状态 e.g. I'll have my watch repaired tomorrow. 明天我会让人修一下手表。 · have / keep＋宾语＋doing：表示动作的主动性、持续性，意为“让某人／物一直做······” e.g. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让您久等了。 （4）分词作状语 分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式及结果等，可位于句首或者句末，相当于对应的状语从句，其中过去分词作状语常用逗号隔开。 · 时间状语 e.g. Hearing the noise, I turned round. ＝ When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听见响声，我转过身去。 Having done my shopping, I returned home. = When I have done my shopping, I returned home. （Having done my shopping与I存在主谓关系，先于returned home发生） 买完东西，我回家了。 · 原因状语 e.g. Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. = Because we were inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. （inspired与we存在动宾关系，先于are determined to study harder 发生） 在他的话语的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。 Seriously injured,he was sent to the hospital immediately. = Because he was seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately （injured转换成形容词，表示he所处的状态）由于受伤严重，他被立刻送往医院。 Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call. = As I haven't received any letter from him, I gave him a call. （not having received与I存在主谓关系，先于gave him a call发生） 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 · 条件状语 e.g. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. = If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. 如果多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 Working hard, you will surely succeed. = If you work hard,you will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 · 伴随状语 e.g. The boy sat in front of the farm-house cutting the branch. 男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。 The boys arrived home, talking and laughing. 男孩们有说有笑地回到家。 An old man entered, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走了进来。 · 结果状语 e.g. The child slipped and fell. hitting his head against the door. 那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 It hasn't rained for a month, causing the crops hard to grow.一个月没下雨了，庄稼很难生长。 注意：动词不定式也可以作结果状语，它常常表示出乎意料的结果；而现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。此外，充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。 e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆赶往火车站，发现火车已经走了。 A lot of good land has gone with them. leaving only sand. 许多好的地也随之流失了，留下来的只是沙漠。 三、分词作状语的用法区别 1. 逻辑关系 · 现在分词：表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系 e.g. He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后随手关上了门。 · 过去分词：表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系 e.g. Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 2. 动作的状态 · 现在分词：通常表示一个动作或状态正在进行，或者与主句动作同时进行 e.g. Walking in the park. he saw an old friend. 在公园散步时，他看见了一个老朋友。 · 过去分词：通常表示一个动作或状态已经完成，且与主句的动作或状态有一定的关系 e.g. Having finished his homework,he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 3. 用法 · 现在分词作状语：可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语 e.g. Feeling very nervous. he solved the problem. 感到非常紧张，他解决了问题。 · 过去分词：也可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语，但强调的是动作的 完成和被动性 e.g. Given more time, I could have done better. 如果给予更多的时间，我会做得更好。 非谓语动词的几种主要形式 1. 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在它之后发生，有时也可表示在它之前发生e.g. One day he saw a boy playing on the beach. 一天，他看见一个男孩在海滩上玩。 I remember meeting you before. 我记得以前见过你。 2. 进行式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生 e.g. He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生 e.g. Having finished his work, he went out for a walk. 完成工作后他出去散步了。 4. 主动式：当逻辑主语是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，或无逻辑主语而在意义上是主动关系 e.g. They began singing just now. 他们刚开始唱歌。 Hearing the bad news, he cried with sadness. 听到这个坏消息，他难过得哭了起来。 5. 被动式：当逻辑主语是非谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，或无逻辑主语而在意义上是被动关系 e.g. He made me respected by others. 他让我受到别人的尊敬。 Having been invited by the students, he gave them a talk on history. 受到学生的邀请后，他给学生做了一次历史报告。 6. 否定式：not/never＋非谓语动词 e.g. I must apologize for not telling you the truth. 没对你说实话，我必须道歉。 【即时训练】 1. the good news, he jumped with joy. A. Hearing B. Heard C. Hear D. To hear 2. why he was late, he went red. A. Asking B. Asked C. Ask D. To ask 3. The boys and girls sat on the stone, their favorite song happily. A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing 4. Greatly moved by her words, A. tears came to his eyes B. he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears 5. When I returned to my home, I found my money . A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal 6. , she burst into tears. A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving 7. which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Know not 8. Her mother is always the first and the last . A. to get up; to sleep B. getting up; sleep C. got up; slept D. get up; sleep （四川省2025年对口招生）How did you manage ______ to the airport in such a short time? A. get B. got C. to get D. getting （四川省2024年对口招生）You’d better ________ him with such things. He is very busy. A. not trouble B. not to trouble C. don’t trouble D. not troubling （四川省2024年对口招生）It’s no good ________. We should find ways to solve the problem. A. regretted B. regretting C. to regret D. to have regretted （四川省2023年对口招生）________ from the top of the tower, the whole city looks great. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. Having seen （四川省2022年对口招生）It’s no use ________ all the time. A. complaining B. complained C. to complain D. complain （四川省2021年对口招生） ______the news, she became more and more confident. A. Hearing B. Heard C. Hear D. To hear 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为非谓语动词（用法+动词短语搭配）。 【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题7非谓语动词（用法+动词短语搭配） 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 不定式 即时训练 考点2 动名词 即时训练 考点3 分词 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 基础用法辨析（非谓语分类、核心属性、句法功能）：熟练掌握 2. 易混考点辨析（to do/doing、分词差异、不定式用法区分）：重点突破 3. 句式搭配辨析（非谓语句型、主谓搭配、固定句式与搭配）：熟练辨析 4. 语境解题逻辑（句子主干、逻辑主语、时态语态语境判定）：重点掌握 5. 特殊规则与易错点（特殊结构、固定用法、高频易错题型）：熟练运用 动词以其特定的形式，在句中不作谓语，且不受句子主语的人称与数的限制的动词，称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词性质，又有非动词的性质，其动词性质表现在可以与宾语或状语连用，构成非谓语动词短语，有时态和语态的变化；非动词的性质表现在相当于名词时充当句子的主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语等，相当于形容词时充当句子的定语，相当于副词时充当句子的状语，其句法功能见下表。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 动词不定式 ✓ 动名词 x x 现在分词 X x ✓ 过去分词 x x 【考点1 不定式】 一、形式 形式 to do (sth.) 省to不定式：do(sth.） 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 to do to be done 完成时 to have done to have been done 否定 形式 not to do (sth.) She decided not to be late again.她决定不再迟到。 never to do (sth.)（表强调） He promises never to make such a stupid mistake. 他许诺不再犯如此蠢的错误。 二、用法 （1）动词不定式作主语 · 表示具体或一次性动作 e.g. To finish the job in three days is not easy. 三天内完成这项工作是不容易的。 · 谓语动词用单数 e.g. To be or not to be is a question. 生存与否是一个问题。 · it作形式主语： ① It + takes + sb.+ 时间 + to do（做······要花费某人······） ② It + be + n./adj.+ to do e.g. It will take us two hours to get (get) there. 到那儿要花费我们两个小时。 It is not easy to finish the job in three days. 三天内完成这项工作是不容易的。 It was a pity to miss the chance. 可惜的是错过了这次机会。 · 复合结构：It + be + n. / adj. + of / for sb. + to do ① It + be + n. / adj.+ of sb. to do sth.形容词表示人的性格、品德等特征，如：nice、kind、honest、clever、polite、brave、careful、selfish、careless、dishonest、foolish、intelligent、impolite、naughty、rude、silly、smart、stupid、thoughtful、thoughtless、wise、selfless、unwise等。 ② It + be + n. / adj.+ for sb. to do sth.形容词表示事物的特征、特点，如：difficult、important、necessary、hard等。 e.g. It is foolish of you to give up studying knowledge. 不学习知识对你来说是愚蠢的。 It is very kind of him to offer me a job. 他给我一份工作真是太好了。 It's important for him to seize the opportunity. 对他来说，抓住这次机会很重要。 It's quite necessary for us to learn English well. 我们很有必要学好英语。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 · 常接动词不定式作宾语的有：want、hope、plan、decide、expect、agree、attempt、care、 choose、dare、demand、 desire、determine、fail、manage、pretend、promise、refuse、wish等 e.g. I have decided to study engineering. 我已经决定学工程学。 They chose to cooperate with their opponents. 他们选择与他们的对手一起合作。 How I wish to have another day off! 我多么想再有一天假期！ · 疑问词＋动词不定式。常用的及物动词有ask、advise、decide、know、teach、tell e.g. Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么吗？ Can you tell me how to get to the museum? 你能告诉我怎样到达博物馆吗？ I haven't decided which one to buy. 我还没有决定买哪一个。 · it作形式宾语： 主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语 + (for / of sb.) to do 常见谓语动词有：think、consider、feel、find、believe、make e.g. Foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese well. 外国人认为学好中文很难。 We believe it their duty for students to work hard at all the lessons. 我们认为努力学习所有功课是学生们的职责。 I think it polite of her to smile to strangers. 我认为她对陌生人微笑是礼貌之举。 · be + 形容词／过去分词＋to do的短语有； be able to do 能够做某事 be careful to do小心做某事 be convinced to do 被说服做某事 be determined to do 决心做某事 be likely to do 很可能做某事 be ready to do 准备／乐意做某事 be willing to do 愿意做某事 be afraid to do 害怕做某事 be certain to do 肯定会做某事 be eager to do 渴望做某事 be fit to do 适合做某事 be prepared to do 准备好做某事 be sure to do一定／务必做某事 （3）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 与宾语存在主谓关系（宾语是不定式动作的执行者） e.g. My father does not allow us to play on the street.（宾语us是to play动作的执行者） 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 Please ask John to turn on the light.（宾语John是to turn on the light的执行者） 请叫约翰开灯。 · 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的高频动词和动词短语有advise、allow、ask、expect、force、 get、help、invite、leave、order、suppose、persuade、tell、want、warn、would like、wait for、call on等 e.g. Our teachers encouraged us to care more about our skills. 我们老师鼓励我们多关注自己的技能。 Most parents agree to forbid their children to play computer games. 大多数父母同意禁止自己的孩子玩电脑游戏。 We are waiting for Peter to finish his homework. 我们正在等彼得完成他的家庭作业。 We should call on people to protect our environment. 我们应该号召人们保护环境。 · 使役动词let、make、have和感官动词find、feel、look at、observe、notice、watch、see、 hear、listen to等接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但这些句子变成被动语态时，必须还原to e.g. The story made us laugh.（主动语态）= We were made to laugh by the story.（被动语态）这个故事把我们逗笑了。 （4）动词不定式作表语 · 主语和表语可互换，主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，形式须一致，如前后都是动词不定 式，或都是动名词 e.g. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 · 表明主语的内容 e.g. My work today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为医生。 · 表示具体的或一次性的动作 e.g. To lie to your parents is wrong. 对你父母撒谎是不对的。 （5）动词不定式作定语 · 放在被修饰词之后 1. 主谓关系（被修饰词是动词不定式动作的执行者） e.g. The next high-speed train to arrive in Zhuhai was from Shenzhen. (the next high-speed train 与to arrive 之间存在主谓关系，train执行arrive这个动作） 下一班到珠海的高铁是从深圳开来的。 2. 动宾关系（被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者） e.g. I have a lot of work to do. (work与to do之间存在动宾关系，work承受do这个动作） 我有很多工作要做。 3. 表示将来的动作 e.g. The sports meeting to take place next week is sure to be wonderful. 下周举行的运动会一定很精彩。 注意：当被修饰词与动词不定式是动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，后面应接必要的介词。 e.g. Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张写字的纸。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找住的房间。 I have nothing to worry about. 我没有事情担忧。 （6）动词不定式作状语 · 目的状语 to do、so as to do（不可用于句首）、in order to do e.g. He got up early to catch the first bus. = He got up early so as to catch the first bus. = He got up early in order to catch the first bus. = In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 他早起是为了赶上第一班车。 · 结果状语 only to do（表示出乎意料的结果）、so...as to do、such...as to do、enough...to do、too...to（表否定意义） e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜寻了房间，什么都没发现。 He is too young to do this voluntary job. 他太年轻了，不能做这份志愿工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄够大，可以上学了。 · 原因状语 用于表示情绪变化作谓语的动词之后，如：jump、tremble、weep等 e.g. The girl wept not to see her family around. 这个女孩看不到家人在身边就哭了。 · 用于表示情绪变化作表语的形容词之后，如：angry、anxious、ashamed、pleased、 astonished、excited、disappointed、frightened、grateful、happy、satisfied、shocked、sorry、surprised、unhappy、upset等 e.g. She is surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，她感到很意外。 The boy was happy to hear from his best friend. 男孩很高兴收到他最好的朋友的来信。 I'm sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病的消息我很难过。 （7）省略to的动词不定式 · why (not) do e.g. Why (not) turn off the gas? 为什么（不）关掉煤气？ · 在使役动词let、have、make后作宾语补足语 e.g. He often makes his little sister cry.（主动语态）他经常将他妹妹弄哭。 His little sister is often made to cry by him.（被动语态）他妹妹经常被他弄哭。 · 在感官动词find、look at、observe、notice、watch、see、hear、listen to等后作宾语补足 语 e.g. We often hear her sing this song.（主动语态）我们经常听见她唱这首歌。 She was often heard to sing this song by us.（被动语态）她经常被我们听见唱这首歌。 · than后接不带to的不定式： prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.= would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做 某事 e.g. I prefer to read (read) novels rather than play (play) computer games. =I would rather read novels than play computer games. 我宁愿看小说而不愿打电子游戏。 They would rather choose to die than give in. 他们宁死不屈。 · had better最好、can do nothing but=can't do anything but 不得不，只得 e.g. I can't do anything but read at home on rainy days. 雨天我只好在家看书。 We'd better stay at home when a typhoon comes. 当台风来临时，我们最好待在家。 注意：介词but、except、besides前若有动词do，则其后常用省略to的不定式作介词宾语；若其前没有动词do，则接带to的不定式。 e.g. She had no choice but to quit her job in order to look after her child. 为了照顾她的孩子，除了辞职，她别无选择。 It has no effect except to make him angry. 这除了使他生气，别无效果。 What do you like to do besides swim？除了游泳，你还喜欢什么？ He did nothing else but laugh. 他只笑笑而已。 【即时训练】 1. It took a long time the economy after the disaster. A. to restore B. restoring C. restore D. restored 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词不定式固定句型 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth（做某事花费某人多长时间）。分析：该句型中 it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 to do，因此要填 to restore。故选 A。 2. is difficult to reach the books on the top of the shelf. A. This; for me B. It; for I C. It; of me D. It; for me 【答案】D 【详解】考查不定式 it 作形式主语句型 It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth（对某人来说做某事……）。分析：it 为形式主语，排除 A；介词 for 后接人称代词宾格 me，排除 B；形容词 difficult 描述事物难度，不是人的品质，用 for 不用 of，排除 C。故选 D。 3. across the river dangerous because it is raining heavily. A. To swim; is B. Swimming; is C. To swim; are D. Swimming; are 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词作主语以及主谓一致。分析：不定式 / 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 is，排除 C、D；不定式 to swim 侧重具体一次性行为，本句指当下具体 “过河” 这件事，用 to swim。故选 A。 4. It's stupid such a mistake again. A. for me to make B. for me making C. of me to make D. of me making 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定式复合结构 It is +adj.+of sb. to do sth。分析：形容词 stupid 描述人的性格品质，介词用 of；本句型真正主语必须是不定式 to do，排除 B、D；for 用于描述事物特点，排除 A。故选 C。 5. -I haven't seen my grandma for a long time. -You miss your grandma, so why not home and see her? A. to go B. to going C. go D. gone 【答案】C 【详解】考查省略 to 的不定式固定结构 why not do sth（为什么不做某事）。分析：why not 后直接接动词原形。故选 C。 6. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable A. to sit B. to sit on C. sat D. sitting 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定式作定语，不及物动词要补出对应介词。分析：不定式修饰 chair，sit 是不及物动词，sit on the chair，介词 on 不可省略。故选 B。 7. My parents promised me a basketball as my birthday gift. A. giving B. to give C. give D. to be given 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词后接不定式作宾语：promise to do sth（承诺做某事）。分析：promise 后接 to do，不接 doing；主语 parents 和 give 是主动，不用被动 to be given。故选 B。 8. -Walking more is good for our health. -You're right. So I'd rather 50 minutes' walk to work than consider a car. A. take; drive B. take; driving C. taking; drive D. taking; driving 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型 would rather do than do 以及 consider 后接动名词作宾语。分析：would rather 后接动词原形 take；consider 后只能接 doing，故第二空填 driving。故选 B。 【考点2 动名词】 一、形式 动名词的形式：动词原形＋-ing 动名词具有动词特征与名词特征，动名词的具体时态和语态的变化形式见下表（以do为例）。 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 动名词的否定形式：not＋动名词 e.g. Not being punctual makes him unreliable.不准时使人觉得他不可靠。 二、用法 （1）动名词作主语 · 动名词表示一般或者抽象的多次性行为，谓语动词用单数形式 e.g. Making silk was (be) a protected secret in China for many years. 多年来，制造丝绸在中国一直是一个受保护的秘密。 It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year. 今年去北戴河旅行很有趣。 · it 作形式主语： ① It is / was no use / no good / no need / useless doing sth. ② It's a waste of time doing sth. e.g. It is no good/use complaining (complain) all the time. 一直抱怨是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing the gossip about it. 争论八卦很浪费时间。 · “No+doing”表示禁止的否定祈使句 e.g. No smoking！禁止吸烟！ No swimming！禁止游泳！ · 主语和表语的一致性 e.g. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）动名词作宾语 · 常接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、 deny、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、forbid、imagine、keep、mind、miss、permit、postpone、practise、risk、suggest等 e.g. He hasn't finished reading (read) the novel. 他还没有读完那部小说。 · 常接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：burst out、can't help、can't stand、feel like、give up、 put off、set off、believe in、insist on、dream of、agree on、persist in、apologize for、think of、succeed in、think about、worry about、have difficulty / trouble / problem (in)、keep / prevent / stop sb.(from)、spend...(in)、object to、according to、stick to、turn to、pay attention to、be used to、get down to、adjust to、devote oneself to、look forward to 等 e.g. The crowd burst out laughing. 人群放声大笑。 I look forward to serving (serve) you again. 期待再次为您服务。 Tu Youyou devoted herself to perfecting the drug she discovered. 屠呦呦致力于不断完善所发现的药物。 注意： ① advise / allow / forbid / permit / warn + doing e.g. We don't allow smoking (smoke) here. 我们不允许在这里抽烟。 ② advise / allow / forbid / permit / warn＋名词／代词＋to do e.g. We don't allow students to smoke (smoke). 我们不允许学生抽烟。 ③ begin / start / continue / like / love / deserve / hate等词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式 e.g. He continued to read/reading after supper. 他晚饭后继续读书。 有些动词或动词短语后既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但其意义不同。 remember / forget to do sth. 记住／忘记要做某事（未做）； remember / forget doing sth. 记得／忘记做过某事（已做） e.g. Remember to take (take) a deep breath before the interview. 面试前记得深呼吸。 I still remember meeting (meet) you at the airport.我仍然记得在机场见到你的情景。 He forgot turning (turn) the light off.他忘记他已经关过灯了。 The light is still on. He forgot to turn (turn) it off. 办公室的灯还亮着，他忘记关了。 regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）； regret doing sth. 后悔／抱歉做过某事（已做） e.g. I regret to tell you the bad news. 我很遗憾地通知你这个坏消息。 I regret disturbing you so long. 我很抱歉打扰了你这么久。 try to do sth. 努力做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事 e.g. He tried to prove (prove) that his idea was practical. 他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。 Why not try going (go) by boat for a change? 为什么不尝试一下乘船呢？ mean to do sth. 打算，意欲做某事： mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 e.g. John didn't mean to hurt you. 约翰并不是故意伤害你。 Missing the plane means being late for the meeting. 错过飞机意味着开会迟到。 can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事； can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 e.g. He can't help to do your homework. 他不能帮着做你的家庭作业。 He can't help crying after hearing the bad news. 听了那个坏消息之后，他情不自禁地哭起来。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 e.g. After finishing his maths, he went on to do his physics. 做完数学题后，他接着做物理题。 She went on talking with the student. 她继续与这位学生交谈。 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事； stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情 e.g. I must stop smoking (smoke).（ 动名词 作宾语）我必须戒烟。 They stop to have (have) a rest.（ 动词不定式 作目的状语）他们停下来休息。 need / require to do sth. 需要做某事； need / require / want doing ······需要······（主动表被动） e.g. She needs to buy a car. 她需要买辆车。 The flowers need / require / want watering (water) today. 今天花需要浇一下水。 （3）动名词作表语 表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容，主语和表语可以互换 e.g. Her job is washing clothes. = Washing clothes is her job. 她的工作就是洗衣服。 注意：现在进行时强调主语执行的动作，动作正在进行。 e.g. She is washing clothes. 她正在洗衣服。 （4）动名词作定语 动名词可以置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：changing room（更衣室）、collecting tin（储蓄罐）、guessing game（猜谜游戏）、dining hall（餐厅）、hiding place（藏身处）、hunting dog（猎狗）、moving truck（搬家卡车）、sleeping car（卧铺车）、swimming pool（游泳池）、waiting room（候车室）、walking stick（手杖）、washing machine（洗衣机）。 （5）动名词的复合结构 当句子的主语不是动名词的执行者时，动名词前面就需要带上自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构主要有以下两种。 · 名词所有格／形容词性物主代词＋doing e.g. Mary's coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽的迟到使她的老师很生气。 His not being able to come is disappointing. 他不能来真令人失望。 · 名词原形／人称代词宾格＋doing（只能作宾语） e.g. I insisted on my husband paying the bill. 我坚持要我丈夫付账。 Do you mind me smoking here? 你介意我在这儿抽支烟吗？ 【即时训练】 1. I am looking forward you again. A. to serving B. served C. serve D. to serve 【答案】A 【详解】考查 to 作介词的短语 look forward to，介词后接动名词 doing。分析：look forward to 中 to 是介词，后面动词要变为动名词 serving。故选 A。 2. My washing machine doesn't work. It needs today. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词主动表被动结构：sth needs doing（某物需要被……）。分析：物作主语，need doing=need to be done，表示被动含义，机器需要被修理，用 repairing。故选 B。 3. Yin Li didn't give up and passed the association constructor certificate exam. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语 give up 后接动名词作宾语。分析：give up（放弃）后面必须接 doing，故填 studying。故选 D。 4. We couldn't help when we saw her strange dress. A. to laugh B. to be laughed C. laughing D. to laughing 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配 can’t help doing sth（情不自禁做某事）。分析：句子语义 “看到奇怪裙子忍不住大笑”，can’t help doing 表情不自禁；can’t help to do 表示 “不能帮忙做” 不符合语境。故选 C。 5. I see the girl on the playground. She can't be in the library now. A. play basketball B. playing basketball C. to play basketball D. playing the basketball 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词作宾语补足语与冠词用法。分析：see sb doing 看见某人正在做，由后句 “她不可能在图书馆”，看见动作正在发生；球类运动前不加 the，排除 D；see sb do 表看见全过程，不符合语境。故选 B。 6. We are looking forward the Science and Technology Museum. A. to visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visiting 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语 look forward to 中 to 为介词，后接动名词。分析：look forward to 的 to 是介词，后面动词用 doing 形式 to visiting。故选 D。 7. The place is worth . A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visits 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定结构 be worth doing（值得做，主动表被动）。分析：be worth 后面只能接动名词 doing。故选 C。 【考点3 分词】 英语中的分词有现在分词和过去分词，常在句中能找到其逻辑主语。 分 词 现在分词： doing 表示 进行 (进行/完成） 或 主动 (主动/被动）意义或者表示主语的性质与特征 Studying hard, you can go to college. 努力学习，你就会上大学。 过去分词： done 表示 完成 （进行/完成）或 被动 （主动/被动）意义或者表示主语的特点与状态 The computers used in Jenny's school are made in China. 珍妮学校用的电脑是中国制造的。 一、形成 1. 现在分词的构成：动词原形＋-ing 现在分词具有动词性质，强调动作时可用“be＋现在分词”表示进行时态；作定语、表语是现在分词的形容词性质；作状语是其副词性质。现在分词的具体时态与语态形式见下表（以do 为例）。 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 2. 过去分词无时态与语态的变化形式，（以do为例）只有done这一种形式 过去分词具有动词、形容词与副词的特征。强调动作时，可用“be＋过去分词”表示被动语态；作定语、表语是其形容词性质；作状语是其副词性质。 e.g. The torch is lit. 火炬点燃着。 He is holding a lighted torch. 他手里拿着一个点燃的火炬。 The hall is very brightly lit. 大厅里灯火明亮。 3. 分词的否定形式有“not十现在分词”“not＋过去分词” e.g. Not knowing how to get to the bank, she asked a stranger for help. 不知道如何去银行，她向一个陌生人寻求帮助。 Not given any money, they still finished the work on time. 没有得到钱，他们也按时完成了工作。 二、用法 （1）分词作定语 · 单个分词作前置定语（放在被修饰词前面） e.g. Are there any living things on the moon？月球上有生物吗？ The lost time can't be found again. 失去的时间永不再来。 · 分词短语作后置定语（放在被修饰词后面） e.g. Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上星期举行的会议。 The man talking with our headmaster is an excellent graduate of our school. 与校长谈话的人是我们学校的一名优秀毕业生。 注意：现在分词作定语，与其被修饰的名词有着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示被修饰的名词发出的正在进行的行为或者所具有的性质与特征，现在分词的动作不能发生在谓语动词之前；而过去分词作定语，与其被修饰的名词有着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被修饰的名词所承受的已经发生的行为或者所处的状态。分词作定语常常可转换成一个定语从句修饰被修饰词。 a falling leaf一片正在飘零的树叶 a fallen leaf一片落叶 the weeping girl 哭泣着的女孩 the wept girl 哭过的女孩 running water 自来水 working people 劳动人民 a sleeping boy = boy who is sleeping 正在睡觉的男孩 a building facing to the sea = building which faces the sea 海景房 a repaired car = car which was repaired 一辆修理过的车 the teacher respected by us = the teacher who is respected by us 我们敬重的老师 （2）分词作表语 · 现在分词：表示主语的性质和特征 e.g. The news is encouraging. 这个消息鼓舞人心。 · 过去分词：表示主语的特点和状态，有被动意义。被动语态强调动作 e.g. She looked worried. 她看上去忧心忡忡。 The window was broken.（过去分词作表语，表示状态）窗户是破的。 The window has been broken by the little boy twice.（过去分词作谓语表被动，强调动作） 那扇窗户被小男孩打破了两次。 注意：be＋动词-ing形式有三种不同的句法功能和意义，其区别如下表所示。 ① 现在分词作表语：表示主语的性质与特征，其后不能带宾语，主语、表语不可互换 e.g. The movie is moving. 这部电影很感人。 What you say is really amazing. 你说的真是太神奇了。 ② 现在分词用于进行时态：表示一个具体动作正在进行中 e.g. She is seeing a movie. 她正在看电影。 They are discussing the 31st FISU Summer World University Games. 他们正在讨论第三十一届世界大学生夏季运动会。 ③ 动名词作表语：表示动作的抽象性、多次性，对主语内容的进一步说明与解释，可带宾语，主语、表语可以互换 e.g. His duty is helping the disabled. = Helping the disabled is his duty. 他的职责是帮助残疾人。 The problem was finding land for it. = Finding land for it was the problem. 问题是要为此找到土地。 （3）分词作宾语补足语 非谓语动词形式 宾语补足语的动作情况 宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系 现在分词 正在进行（或持续） 主动关系 现在分词被动式 正在进行（或持续） 被动关系 过去分词 完成、状态或动作全过程 被动关系 ① 分词作感官动词的宾语补足语 感官动词：look at、notice、observe、see、watch、hear、listen to、find · 感官动词＋宾语＋do（省略to的不定式）：表示动作的主动性、完整性、经常性 e.g. I often see the girl run on the playground. 我常看到这个女孩在操场上跑步。 · 感官动词＋宾语＋doing：表示动作的主动性、持续性、进行性 e.g. We heard him crying when we got home. 当我们到家时，听见他正在哭。 I saw the child being beaten by his father. 我看见那孩子正在被他父亲打。 · 感官动词＋宾语＋done：表示动作的被动性、完成性或使宾语处于某种状态 e.g. I was glad to see the child well taken care of. 我很高兴看到那个孩子被照顾得很好。 ② 分词作使役动词的宾语补足语 使役动词：have、let、make · 使役动词＋宾语＋do（省略to的不定式）：表示动作的主动性 e.g. I have my son do some housework on weekends. 周末我会让我儿子做一些家务。 · 使役动词＋宾语＋done：表示动作的被动性、完成性或者使宾语处于某种状态 e.g. I'll have my watch repaired tomorrow. 明天我会让人修一下手表。 · have / keep＋宾语＋doing：表示动作的主动性、持续性，意为“让某人／物一直做······” e.g. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让您久等了。 （4）分词作状语 分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式及结果等，可位于句首或者句末，相当于对应的状语从句，其中过去分词作状语常用逗号隔开。 · 时间状语 e.g. Hearing the noise, I turned round. ＝ When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听见响声，我转过身去。 Having done my shopping, I returned home. = When I have done my shopping, I returned home. （Having done my shopping与I存在主谓关系，先于returned home发生） 买完东西，我回家了。 · 原因状语 e.g. Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. = Because we were inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. （inspired与we存在动宾关系，先于are determined to study harder 发生） 在他的话语的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。 Seriously injured,he was sent to the hospital immediately. = Because he was seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately （injured转换成形容词，表示he所处的状态）由于受伤严重，他被立刻送往医院。 Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call. = As I haven't received any letter from him, I gave him a call. （not having received与I存在主谓关系，先于gave him a call发生） 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 · 条件状语 e.g. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. = If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. 如果多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 Working hard, you will surely succeed. = If you work hard,you will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 · 伴随状语 e.g. The boy sat in front of the farm-house cutting the branch. 男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。 The boys arrived home, talking and laughing. 男孩们有说有笑地回到家。 An old man entered, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走了进来。 · 结果状语 e.g. The child slipped and fell. hitting his head against the door. 那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 It hasn't rained for a month, causing the crops hard to grow.一个月没下雨了，庄稼很难生长。 注意：动词不定式也可以作结果状语，它常常表示出乎意料的结果；而现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。此外，充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。 e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆赶往火车站，发现火车已经走了。 A lot of good land has gone with them. leaving only sand. 许多好的地也随之流失了，留下来的只是沙漠。 三、分词作状语的用法区别 1. 逻辑关系 · 现在分词：表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系 e.g. He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后随手关上了门。 · 过去分词：表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系 e.g. Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 2. 动作的状态 · 现在分词：通常表示一个动作或状态正在进行，或者与主句动作同时进行 e.g. Walking in the park. he saw an old friend. 在公园散步时，他看见了一个老朋友。 · 过去分词：通常表示一个动作或状态已经完成，且与主句的动作或状态有一定的关系 e.g. Having finished his homework,he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 3. 用法 · 现在分词作状语：可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语 e.g. Feeling very nervous. he solved the problem. 感到非常紧张，他解决了问题。 · 过去分词：也可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语，但强调的是动作的 完成和被动性 e.g. Given more time, I could have done better. 如果给予更多的时间，我会做得更好。 非谓语动词的几种主要形式 1. 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在它之后发生，有时也可表示在它之前发生e.g. One day he saw a boy playing on the beach. 一天，他看见一个男孩在海滩上玩。 I remember meeting you before. 我记得以前见过你。 2. 进行式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生 e.g. He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生 e.g. Having finished his work, he went out for a walk. 完成工作后他出去散步了。 4. 主动式：当逻辑主语是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，或无逻辑主语而在意义上是主动关系 e.g. They began singing just now. 他们刚开始唱歌。 Hearing the bad news, he cried with sadness. 听到这个坏消息，他难过得哭了起来。 5. 被动式：当逻辑主语是非谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，或无逻辑主语而在意义上是被动关系 e.g. He made me respected by others. 他让我受到别人的尊敬。 Having been invited by the students, he gave them a talk on history. 受到学生的邀请后，他给学生做了一次历史报告。 6. 否定式：not/never＋非谓语动词 e.g. I must apologize for not telling you the truth. 没对你说实话，我必须道歉。 【即时训练】 1. the good news, he jumped with joy. A. Hearing B. Heard C. Hear D. To hear 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词作状语，判断逻辑主语的主动被动。分析：逻辑主语 he 和 hear 是主动关系，“听到消息”，用现在分词 Hearing 作原因 / 时间状语。故选 A。 2. why he was late, he went red. A. Asking B. Asked C. Ask D. To ask 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。分析：逻辑主语 he 和 ask 是被动关系，“他被问到为什么迟到”，用过去分词 Asked 表被动。故选 B。 3. The boys and girls sat on the stone, their favorite song happily. A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。分析：主语 boys and girls 与 sing 主动关系，坐着的同时伴随唱歌，用现在分词 singing。故选 B。 4. Greatly moved by her words, A. tears came to his eyes B. he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears 【答案】B 【详解】考查分词作状语逻辑主语一致原则。分析：分词 moved 的逻辑主语必须是人（he），只能是人被感动；A、C、D 主语是 tears/eyes，不能被 moved。故选 B。 5. When I returned to my home, I found my money . A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。分析：宾语 money 和 steal 是被动关系，钱 “被偷”，find sth done，用 stolen；miss 表示丢失无过去分词作宾格补足语用法。故选 C。 6. , she burst into tears. A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。分析：逻辑主语 she 和 move 是被动，“被深深打动” 用 deeply moved；moving 是 “令人感动的” 修饰事物，排除 B、D；C 选项从句缺少被动 be 动词。故选 A。 7. which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Know not 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词的否定形式。分析：主语 the girl 与 know 主动关系，否定非谓语要把 not 放在非谓语前，即 Not knowing。故选 A。 8. Her mother is always the first and the last . A. to get up; to sleep B. getting up; sleep C. got up; slept D. get up; sleep 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式作后置定语：the first/last to do sth。分析：序数词 the first、the last 后面用不定式作定语。故选 A。 （四川省2025年对口招生）How did you manage ______ to the airport in such a short time? A. get B. got C. to get D. getting 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配 manage to do sth（设法做成某事）。分析：manage 后接不定式 to do 作宾语。故选 C。 （四川省2024年对口招生）You’d better ________ him with such things. He is very busy. A. not trouble B. not to trouble C. don’t trouble D. not troubling 【答案】A 【详解】考查 had better 的否定用法。分析：had better (not) do sth，had better 后面直接接动词原形，否定直接加 not + 动词原形。故选 A。 （四川省2024年对口招生）It’s no good ________. We should find ways to solve the problem. A. regretted B. regretting C. to regret D. to have regretted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词固定句型 It’s no good doing sth（做某事没有用处）。分析：该句型 it 作形式主语，真正主语用动名词 doing。故选 B。 （四川省2023年对口招生）________ from the top of the tower, the whole city looks great. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. Having seen 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词作状语，逻辑主语判断。分析：句子主语 the whole city 和 see 是被动关系，“城市被从塔顶看”，用过去分词 Seen。故选 C。 （四川省2022年对口招生）It’s no use ________ all the time. A. complaining B. complained C. to complain D. complain 【答案】A 【详解】考查动名词句型 It’s no use doing sth（做某事没用）。分析：句型后接动名词作真正主语。故选 A。 （四川省2021年对口招生） ______the news, she became more and more confident. A. Hearing B. Heard C. Hear D. To hear 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词作时间状语。分析：主语 she 和 hear 为主动关系，“听到消息”，用现在分词 Hearing。故选 A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $