Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 单元词汇 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了必修三Unit 4“改变世界的科学家”主题下的核心语言知识。从基础词汇短语（如make a difference, award）和核心句型（如prove sb to be, intend to do）出发，延伸至科学家及其贡献的文化背景知识，构建语言学习与文化认知的递进式支架。 知识链路以“语言知识-文化应用-思维训练”为主线，通过词汇短语对比（如treat/cure/heal）、句型功能分类及科学家事迹（如袁隆平“两个梦想”），强化语言能力，渗透文化意识，提升思维品质，为主题式教学提供丰富素材与方法支持。

高中英语必修三UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world 1. a desire for truth 对真理的渴望 2. Studying hard makes a big difference to your future. 努力学习对你的未来有很大影响。 3. the school Science Festival 学校科学节 a lecture transcript 演讲文字材料 a fact file 事实档案 4. One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。 5. make some/no difference (没)有影响/作用 make a difference 对……产生影响 6. the Medal of the Republic 共和国勋章 the Chinese Academy of Engineering 中国工程院 Father of hybrid rice 杂交水稻之父 Backbone of the country 国之脊梁 两个梦想 ①禾下乘凉梦 ②杂交水稻覆盖全球梦 7. South-west Agricultural College 西南农学院 the first hybrid rice varieties 第一代杂交水稻品种 the field of general relativity 广义相对论领域 A Brief History of Time 《时间简史》 bestseller list 畅销榜单 Hawking radiation 霍金辐射 The discovery of gravity 重力/地球引力 universal gravitation 万有引力 X-rays and DNA X射线和DNA heliocentric theory 日心说 Periodic law of elements 元素周期律 a life-saving medicine 挽救生命的药物 8. award sb sth = award a medal/a scholarship to sb 奖励某人某物；奖牌；奖学金 award sth to sb 给某物颁奖/授予 award sb for sth / receive an award for 因一事奖励 the first prize 一等奖 top 顶尖 9. in human history 在人类历史上 10. fight against 战斗；抗击 11. Thanks to 幸亏；由于 12. all over the world 在世界各地 13. graduate from 从……毕业 graduate school 研究生院 graduate with honors 以优异成绩毕业 graduate program 研究生项目 14. have a chance of survival 有一线生机 chance of survival 生存可能性 survival rate 存活率 15. between … and … 介于；和 from … to … 从…到 16. prove sb (to be)+名词/形容词 vt. 证明…是 17. cure sb of a disease 治好sb的病 a bad habit 一个坏习惯 seek a cure 寻求治疗 find a cure for … 找到治疗…方法 易混词辨析 treat, cure, heal 都可表示“治疗” ① treat 通常指通过医疗手段或药物来处理疾病或问题，以减轻症状或控制疾病的进展，强调对病情的管理和控制，而不一定能完全消除疾病。 例：She is being treated for cancer at the hospital. 她正在医院接受癌症治疗。 ② cure 通过药物、治疗或其他手段完全消除。 ③ heal 用于指身体的自我愈合过程，尤其是伤口愈合，强调身体自我修复能力。 18. die from（外因）因…死；死于 die of（内因） die out 灭绝 die off 先后死去；相继死去 die young 夭折 die at an early age 早逝 die for 渴望，切望；为了…而死 die away 逐渐减弱（至消失） die down 逐渐变弱/降低 19. intend doing/to do sth 打算做… intend sb to do sth 打算让sb做sth be intended to do sth 目的是 be intended for 为…储备/打算 intend for 希望有并接纳；打算成为 had intended to do sth 过去本打算做但没做成 with the intention of 怀有…的意图，打算做某事 have the/no intention of 有/没有 20. refer to a dictionary = consult a dictionary 查词典 refer to…as… 把…称作 be referred to as 被称作 look up a word in the dictionary 在字典中查单词 21. in/with reference to 关于 22. fail to do sth 没能做成 fail an exam/test 考试不及格 23. inspire sb to do sth 激励sb做… 24. in order not to 为了不 25. succeed in doing sth 成功地做sth be successful manage to do sth 设法做成sth fail 做sth失败 26. on trial 在审理中/试验中 27. Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit. 生命有限，知识无涯。 28. be limited to (doing) sth 局限于 set a limit to/on… 限制 limit to 把…限制在…内 29. give up + doing sth 放弃做… 30. speed up 加速 speed by (时间)飞逝 at a speed of 以…速度 31. make sure of 确保 32. without effort 毫不费力地 with an effort 努力地；艰难地 33. be well worth the effort 很值得努力 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做 34. through trial and error 反复试验 35. give a lecture 做演讲 36. pay a visit to 访问 37. benefit from 从…中获益 be of benefit to 有益于 beneficial to 有益于 for one’s benefit 为了sb的利益 for the benefit of sb 为sb 38. conduct oneself well 行为得体 Water conducts heat faster than air. 水的导热速度比空气更快。 39. make good use of 善用 40. conduct a survey 进行调查 41. show off 展示；炫耀 42. be popular with/among 在…中受欢迎 popular = pop 流行的 43. with great interest 饶有兴趣 44. get a taste of 体验 45. stand out 突出；显眼；引人注目；出类拔萃 46. involve doing sth 包括做；涉及做 involve in 参与；涉及；卷入；陷入 v.包括；涉及；需要；影响；使参加 47. make good things for 为…做好事 48. Put sb/sth at risk 使…处于危险之中 49. involve sb in (doing) sth 使…卷入/牵扯 50. Put another way 换句话说 51. (sb) be familiar with (sth/sb) 熟悉 (sth) be familiar to (sb) (某物)为sb所熟知 52. enable sb to do 使sb能做 lead sb to do 引导某人做 lead to 导致；通向 53. get the credit/blame 受表扬/批评(责备) on credit 赊账；记账 credit card 信用卡 credit an account 向账户存钱 credit sth to sb 把…归功于 credit sb with sth 54. apply to 适用于 apply for 申请，请求(a job) apply to sb for… 向…申请 apply … to … 把…应用于/涂到 apply oneself to … 专心致志于… 55. be concerned about 对…担心/关心 be concerned with 关心；与…有关 as far as I am concerned 就我而言 56. provide sb with sth 为sb提供sth supply provide sth for sb 向sb提供sth supply sth to sb 57. let sb down 使sb失望 let alone 更不用说；不打扰 let go (of) 放开；松手 58. turn over 移交给；翻阅；把…翻过来；发动 in turn 轮流，依次 turn off 关掉，关闭；拐弯；使转变方向 turn into 变成；进入 turn on 打开，发动 turn out 生产；结果是；关掉；出动；驱逐 turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转 turn around 转身；逆转 turn in 上交；归还；拐入；告发；上床睡觉 turn back 往回走；阻挡；翻回到 turn up 出现；发生；开大；卷起；使仰卧 turn out to be 结果是；原来是 turn down 拒绝；向下转折 turn from 对…感到厌恶 your turn 轮到你；该你了 turn away 避开；解雇；不准…入内；避开 turn round 转身，转向；归航；回旋；转变 by turns 轮流；交替 turn of the century 世纪之交 59. be born out of 诞生于；在…中产生 60. leave room for 给…留空间/余地 61. not be sure 不确定 62. permit sb to do sth 允许sb做sth = allow permit/allow doing sth 允许做 time/weather permitting 时间/天气允许的话 63. declare war on … 宣战 declare against/for … 声明/支持/反对 64. be adapted from 改编自 65. have a sense of responsibility 有责任感 have responsibility for (doing) sth 承担做某事责任 take on responsibility 承担责任 It’s one’s responsibility to do sth 某人有责任做sth 66. make a careful list of 仔细列出 = list carefully 67. get/be married (to sb) (与sb)结婚 marry sb 嫁娶 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $