必修2 Unit 5 第1课时 盘点·基础性知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕主题语境，系统梳理阅读单词、核心单词、变形单词及重点短语等高考核心考点，按“基础认知—变形辨析—语境应用”逻辑构建词汇网络，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如同族词汇巧积累）、真题训练（阅读理解、语法填空）等环节，帮助学生突破词汇难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料采用分层设计，基础词汇自查自纠（单词拼写、语法填空）与重点词汇深化学习（如shock、escape的系统归纳及多维训练）结合，通过语境辨义、归纳对比培养语言能力和思维品质。设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

|主|题|语|境|建|构| 第1课时　盘点·基础性知识 (说明：黑体字为该词的生僻义) 一、阅读单词(明其义) 1．disaster n．　　　　　 灾难；灾祸 2．drought n. 旱灾，干旱 3．hurricane n. 飓风 4．landscape n. 风景，景色 5．jungle n. (热带)丛林 6．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 7．million n. 百万 8．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 9．float vi. 浮；漂 vt. 提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 10．file n. 档案，卷宗 vt. 把……归档，存档 11．soul n. 灵魂 12．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 13．sphere n. 球体 14．cylinder n. 圆柱体 15．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 16．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 17．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 18．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 19．gear n. 成套服装；排挡，齿轮 20．brochure n. 小册子 21．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 22．metal n. 金属 二、核心单词(书写准) 1．flood n．　　　　　 洪水，水灾 vi. (使)淹没；大量涌来， (感觉或回忆)涌上心头 2．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 3．comment n. 评论；意见 4．living adj. 活的，活着的 5．climate n. 气候 6．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 vt. 训斥；告诫 7．title n. 题目，标题；冠军；称号 8．wave n. 海浪；波涛；(活动或感情的)风潮， 浪潮 v. 挥手；挥手示意 9．escape vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避；不自觉地说出； 被遗忘，被忽略； (气体、液体等)泄露 10．edge n. 边缘；优势 v. 缓慢地移动；给……加边 11．rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援 12．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 n. 陷阱；困境 13．attempt n．&vt. 努力，尝试，企图 14．damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害 15．site n. 场所，地点；现场 16．process n. 过程，进程 vt. 加工(食品等)，处理；冲洗(照片) 17．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 18．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 19．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行；传导 vi.&vt. 指挥 20．nearby adv. 附近 21．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 22．base n. 基地，大本营；基础 vt. 以……为基地 23．solid adj. 连续的，不间断的； 固体的，坚硬的 24．prove vt. 证明；证实 25．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 26．dissuade vt. 劝阻 27．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽；避难所 vt. 提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难 28．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 29．harmless adj. 无害的 三、变形单词(辨析清) 1．volcano n．　　　 　 火山 volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 2．erupt v. 爆发 eruption n. 爆发 3．crowd n. 人群 v. 挤满；涌上 crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的 4．ecology n. 生态；生态学 ecologist n. 生态学家 ecological adj. 生态的 5．shock vt. 使震惊；使难以置信 n. 震惊；休克 shocked adj. 震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 6．survive vi.& vt. 活下来；幸存； 艰难度过；比……活得长 survival n. 幸存，生存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 7．poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗 poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 8．mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物 mysterious adj. 神秘的 9．fright n. 恐怖；惊恐 frighten vt. (使)惊恐 frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的 10．horror n. 恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事 horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 horribly adv. 可怕地；非常地 11．curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 curiosity n. 好奇心 12．observe vt. 观察，注意；庆祝(节日)；遵守 observation n. 观察；观察结果 observer n. 观察者 13．equal adj. 相等的；相同的；能胜任的 equally adv. 平等地 equality n. 相等；平等 14．interrupt vi.&vt. 打断讲话 interruption n. 打断 15．lose vt. 失去，丧失 loss n. 丧失；死亡 16．measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量 n. 措施，办法；尺度 measurement n. 测量；尺寸 17．operate v. 使用，操作；经营；(使)运作； 动手术；起作用，奏效 operation n. 行动，活动；手术；操作 operator n. 操作人员 18．suffer v. 遭受；忍受；经历 suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 19．protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护；防护 20．breath n. 呼吸 breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 21．dust n. 灰尘；尘埃 dusty adj. 布满灰尘的 22．prepare vt. 准备，预备；配制，调制 preparation n. 预备，准备 prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的 23．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；渴望的 anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑 24．ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿；野心 ambitious adj. 有志向的，有抱负的 25．cheer v. 欢呼；(使)高兴起来 cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheerfully adv. 高高兴兴地 26．distant adj. 久远的；遥远的； 疏远的，冷淡的；远亲的 distance n. 距离 27．honest adj. 诚实的 honesty n. 坦诚；诚实，正直 honestly adv. 诚实地 28．scare vt. 使恐惧，惊吓 scary adj. 可怕的，恐怖的 scared adj. 惊慌的，害怕的，担忧的 29．appear vi. 出现；似乎，显得 appearance n. 外貌，外观；露面，出场 disappear vi. 消失 disappearance n. 消亡；消失 四、同“族”词汇(巧积累) 1．“恐惧”来袭　 ①frighten vt.　　　　　 使惊吓，使惊恐 ②fear vt. 害怕；畏惧 ③dread vt. 畏惧，担心 ④scare vt. 使惊恐，吓唬 ⑤horrify vt. 使害怕；令人恐惧 ⑥terrify vt. 使害怕，使恐惧 2．－less后缀表否定　 ①harmless adj.　　　　 无害的 ②careless adj. 粗心的 ③homeless adj. 无家可归的 ④hopeless adj. 无望的 ⑤powerless adj. 无力的 ⑥endless adj. 无休止的 3．dis－否定表“相反”　 ①disappear vi. 消失 ②disadvantage n. 不利；劣势 ③disagree v. 不同意；不一致；不适合 ④dislike v. 不喜欢；厌恶 ⑤dishonest adj. 不诚实的 ⑥disarm vt. 解除武装 五、重点短语(表达高) 1．turn one's back (on sb./sth.) 对……置之不理， 对……撒手不管 2．suffer from　　　　 　 忍受，遭受 3．make use of 使用，利用 4．get hurt 受伤 5．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生 6．all at once 突然 7．pick up 营救，搭救；用车接某人； (偶然)学会 8．breathe in 吸气 9．run out 用完；耗尽 10．break down 停止运转，出故障 11．on the way 在途中；正在走向……； 即将到来 12．have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth. 在(做)某事上有困难 13．at one time 曾经，一度 14．carry on 继续(行进) 15．hold on to 坚持；紧握 16．be home to 是……的家园 17．be native to 原产于 一、默写核心单词 1．a flood season　　　　　　　 洪水季节 2．protect the wildlife 保护野生动植物 3．make positive comments 给予积极的评论 4．all living people 所有活着的人 5．climate change 气候变化 6．a lecture on Italian art 关于意大利艺术的讲座 7．the title of this play 这部戏剧的标题 8．the ocean waves 海浪 9．escape from the big fire 逃离大火 10．the edge of the table 桌子的边缘 11．the rescue party 救援队 12．get trapped in the lift 被困在电梯里 13．attempt to escape 企图逃跑 14．cause serious damage 造成严重的伤害 15．the site of the accident 事故地点 16．the learning process 学习过程 17．an ancient battle 一场古代的战役 18．a sense of duty 责任感 19．conduct an experiment 进行实验 20．a policeman standing nearby 站在附近的一名警察 21．serve as the captain 担任队长 22．economic base 经济基础 23．a solid object 坚硬的物体 24．prove his point 证明他的观点 25．the North American continent 北美大陆 26．dissuade patients from smoking 劝病人不要吸烟 27．look for a shelter 寻找避难所 28．a varied diet 多样的饮食 29．harmless actions 无害的行为 二、默写变形单词 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 三、默写重点短语 1．turn_one's_back_(on_sb./sth.) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．suffer_from　　　　　 忍受，遭受 3．make_use_of 使用，利用 4．get_hurt 受伤 5．on_the_edge_of 在……边缘；某事快要发生 6．all_at_once 突然 7．pick_up 营救，搭救；用车接某人； (偶然)学会 8．breathe_in 吸气 9．run_out 用完；耗尽 10．break_down 停止运转，出故障 11．on_the_way 在途中；正在走向……； 即将到来 12．have_difficulty/trouble_with/(in)_doing_sth. 在(做)某事上有困难 13．at_one_time 曾经，一度 14．carry_on 继续(行进) 15．hold_on_to 坚持；紧握 16．be_home_to 是……的家园 17．be_native_to 原产于 一、基础词汇·自查自纠　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I'm good at communicating with others in English and have taken part in many national English contests, which also proved (证明) my ability. 2．The whole playground was full of cheers and laughter. Colorful flags waved (挥舞) everywhere, students shouted encouragement for their classmates. 3．It offers a variety of activities, ranging from training courses and lectures (讲座) to competitions and exhibitions. 4．The contest ended with the judges' comments (评论) on the significance of cultural heritage. 5．We all know that climate (气候) change is one of the significant challenges facing our planet today. 6．As the moment of truth arrived, I stood on the edge (边缘) of the jumping platform, heart pounding and legs trembling. 7．In terms of personal strengths, I have a solid (稳固的) background in computer science and a passion for linguistics. 8．I participated in a volunteer activity at an animal shelter (庇护所), which turned out to be an unforgettable and meaningful experience. 9．I'm writing to express my sincere apology for the accidental damage (损坏) to the English classic Gone with the Wind you kindly lent me. 10．I now understand that a successful career requires not only personal ambition but also a sense of duty (责任)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The disappearance (disappear)of his former shyness, which once held him back, marked the beginning of a confident new chapter. 2．Just at that moment the shark, which had got very close to the dog, turned on his back and opened his frightening (frighten) mouth! 3．We explored the principles of chemical reactions by mixing baking soda and vinegar to create a volcanic (volcano) eruption (erupt)． 4．The activity will take place in our school dining hall where there are various tools prepared (prepare) for you. 5．If possible, please explore the fantastic place during workdays, because it is not crowded (crowd) in that period. 6．Animals are part of our ecosystem and maintain ecological (ecology) balance, and they are also our friends, bringing us joy and companionship. 7．Space has always fascinated me — the vast stars, mysterious (mystery) planets, and the challenge of exploring the unknown. 8．Honesty (honest) is always the best policy, and your teacher will appreciate your courage to admit your mistake. 9．Being worried about my pronunciation also adds to my anxiety (anxious), which sometimes makes me unsure if I'm saying words correctly. 10．The Olympics have motivated me to set ambitious (ambition) goals, encouraging me to persevere through challenges. 易错微点　 1．prove除了作及物动词之外，还可以作系动词，意为“证明是”，后常跟形容词作表语，且无被动形式。 2．prepare作动词时，常见用法为 prepare sth.(准备某物)或prepare for sth.(为某事做准备)，其被动形式be prepared表示“被准备好”。此外，prepare还有“配制，调制”等义，如prepare a meal (做饭)、prepare medicine (配药)，需结合具体宾语区分含义。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．conduct　 A．v.指挥 　　　　　　　 B．v.举止；表现 C．v.实施；组织 D．v.传导(生义) ①Knowing that the school newspaper is conducting a discussion on “To be a civilized tourist”， I'd like to express my own views.__C__ ②He took the time to tell us how to conduct ourselves in an office environment and how to stay focused. __B__ ③He will conduct the Los Angeles Philharmonic in the final concert of the season.__A__ ④Scientists designed a device that conducts heat rapidly, as shown in the experiment where the metal plate melts ice instantly.__D__ 2．flood　 A．v.淹没　　　　　　 B．v.涌上心头(生义) C．v.充斥；充满 D．n.洪水，水灾 ①For an instant, I was flooded with so much joy that I could not utter a single word.__C__ ②Grandpa opened the door to find their front steps underwater, because faraway earthquake had shaken the lake and flooded the village.__A__ ③Memories flooded in. I remembered my daughter, Laura, my son, Glenn, and me dancing around the living room.__B__ ④The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.__D__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．shock |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be shocked by/at sth. 被……震惊 be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊 (2)in shock 震惊地 be numb with shock 震惊地目瞪口呆 (3)shocked adj. 惊愕的，(感到)震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；令人气愤的 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Shocked (shock) and proud, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids. I really appreciate what you have done for me！” ②It was shocking (shock) to see how much trash people had left behind, but it felt good to help clean up. ③(2025·浙江1月高考) When Mr Green revealed that the man was indeed his younger brother, who had come to retrieve a watch their father had left behind, Kevin's_eyes_widened_in_shock. 当格林先生透露这名男子确实是他的弟弟，他是来取回父亲留下的一块手表时，凯文震惊地睁大了眼睛。 ④(心理描写)I was_shocked_by/at_the_news that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile, I was_shocked_to_find_that I had no option but to finish our project on my own. 听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能独自完成我们的项目。 2．escape |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)escape from ...　　　　　 从……中逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事 escape one's notice 逃过某人的注意 (2)have a narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难 名师指津：(1)表示“勉强逃脱”时，用narrowly修饰动词escape。 (2)表示“某人忘记……”时，用sth.escape(s) sb.。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The flying bird was lucky enough to escape being_caught (catch) by the hidden nets the farmers spread over the fields. ②(心理描写)Yesterday, I came across my former classmate, but his_name_escaped_me,_which made me embarrassed. 昨天，我遇到了我以前的同学，但我忘了他的名字，这让我很尴尬。 ③(场景描写)I had_a_narrow_escape from a burning building last night.As the fire spread to the upper floors, I managed to find a small window and climbed out with the help of a passer－by.It was a terrifying experience, but thankfully, I escaped_from_the_danger. 昨晚我从一座着火的建筑中侥幸逃脱。当大火蔓延到上层楼时，我设法找到一个小窗户，并在路人的帮助下爬了出来。那是一次可怕的经历，但值得庆幸的是，我逃离了危险。 3．survive |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)survive sth.　　　　　 在……之后仍然幸存 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……) survive on 靠……存活下来 (2)survival n. 幸存 (3)survivor n. 幸存者 名师指津：survive表示“比……活得长，经历灾难活下来”时是及物动词，后面直接跟表示人或灾难的词。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Wild animals play a crucial role in the balance of our ecosystem, which is closely related to human survival (survive)． ②The video of a quake survivor (survive) searching for the army officer who saved his life 10 years ago has attracted much attention on China's social media. ③(活动介绍)In order to let students know how_to_survive_in_the_wild,_our school organized an adventure in the forest. 为了让同学们知道如何在野外生存，我们学校组织了一次森林探险活动。 ④(升华主旨句)In the face of danger and despair, the rescuers and the rescued alike showed that the_will_to_survive and the power of helping others can shine through even the darkest of times. 面对危险和绝望，救援者和被救者都表明，生存的意志和帮助他人的力量即使在最黑暗的时刻也能闪耀光芒。 4．curious |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be curious about ... 　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇心 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 　　　 满足某人的好奇心 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地(＝with curiosity) 名师指津：表示情感的形容词如curious、 happy、 excited、 embarrassed、 surprised等后面常接动词不定式。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①(2025·北京高考写作)Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity (curious)． ②(2024·天津高考书面表达)Now that you_are_curious_about_how_technology_affects_Chinese_people's_daily_lives,_I sincerely invite you to visit China and experience them in person. 既然你对科技如何影响中国人的日常生活感到好奇，我真诚地邀请你访问中国， 亲身体验它们。 ③(场景描写)Walking through the museum, Emily was_curious_to_explore the ancient artifacts.Out_of_curiosity,_she carefully examined the intricate patterns. 艾米丽走在博物馆中，好奇地想探索一下这些古代文物。出于好奇，她仔细地研究错综复杂的图案。 5．equal |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 (2)be equal to (doing) sth.　 等于/胜任(做)某事 be equal in 在……方面比得上 (3)without equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地 |多|维|训|练|　 ①It not only fosters a more inclusive society but also promotes equality (equal) and understanding among all members. ②What's equally (equal) important is to review and summarize my notes regularly. ③(“申请信”范句)Firstly, nobody can equal_me_in_oral_English.Equally_attractive is that I am without_equal in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that I am_equal_to_the_job as a volunteer for the fair. 首先，没人能在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 6．attempt |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in an attempt to do sth.　　　　　 为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (2)attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 名师指津：attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.或seek to do sth.，意为“试图做某事”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Though ultimately charged with attempted (attempt) robbery, Eduardo felt a change in his inner self. ②(心理描写)In_an_attempt_to_hide her embarrassment, she dropped her head, hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was.(attempt n．) 为了掩饰尴尬，她低下头，希望没人注意到自己多么尴尬。 ③(场景描写)“Wait！” Marty jumped in front of me. With lips trembling, he attempted_to/made_an_attempt_to say something but in vain and tears were rolling in his eyes. “等等！”马蒂跳到我面前。他的嘴唇颤抖着，想说点什么，却说不出来，眼泪在眼眶里打转。 7．measure |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be measured by/in ...　　　 用……来计算/衡量 (2)make ...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做…… take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事) 名师指津：(1)measure作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。 (2)take measures (to do sth.)的被动语态形式经常作为考查点。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The area, measuring (measure) 5 kilometres by 3 kilometres, has been purchased by the army. ②(升华主旨句)Success is_not_measured_by achievements alone, but by the obstacles overcome along the way. 成功不仅仅是通过成就来衡量，更是通过一路上克服的障碍来衡量。 ③(2025·浙江1月高考写作)I suggest that we_should_take_effective_measures_to instruct students to focus on their studies instead of being addicted to filming short videos on campus. 我建议我们应该采取有效措施指导学生专注于学习，而不是沉迷于在校园里拍摄短视频。 ④(写作话题：环境保护)Measures_should_be_taken to protect the endangered species or they will die out. 应该采取措施保护濒危物种，否则它们将会灭绝。 8．observe |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事 observe sth.done 看到某事被做 observe a rule 遵守规则 observe a festival 庆祝节日 (2)observation n. 观察；观察结果 under observation 在观察中，在监视下 名师指津：observe sb.do sth.中的 observe用于被动语态时，要变成sb./sth.be observed to do sth.的形式。类似用法的词还有：see、 hear、 notice等。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea of clouds. →On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising from the sea of clouds.(改写为简单句) ②(2024·浙江高考1月写作)One day, during gym class, she observed_a_unique_way_to find her way — following the shadows of trees. 有一天，在体育课上，她发现了一种独特的寻路方法——跟着树的影子走。 ③(场景描写)My friend and I arrived in London at the Carnival.We found that most people in Europe observe_the_festival.The roads were crowded with all kinds of people wearing different costumes and masks.Some didn't observe_rules so the police had to observe_closely.A policeman even kept me under_observation. 我和我的朋友在狂欢节期间到达了伦敦。我们发现大多数欧洲人都庆祝这个节日。道路上挤满了各种各样的人，他们穿着不同的服装，戴着不同的面具。有些人不遵守规则，所以警察不得不密切观察，一名警察甚至监视我。 9．make use of |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)　　　 充分利用 (2)come into use 开始使用 put into use 投入使用 be of (great) use (很)有用的 It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的 名师指津：(1)make use of的变形：把use作为先行词变成定语从句的形式考查。注意of不能省略。 (2)It is no use/useless doing sth.句型可以转变成find/think/consider＋it＋no use/useless doing sth.句型。 |多|维|训|练| (补全语段)　 (写作话题：网络科技)Computers ①first_came_into_use/were_first_put_into_use in the early 1950s.Now they ②are_of_great_use in a wide range of fields.However, some students are addicted to computer games and even neglect their studies, which has led to many parents and teachers complaining of the disadvantages of computers.③It's_no_use_complaining.What we should do is take measures to let the students know how to ④make_good/full_use_of_them. 计算机在20世纪50年代初首次投入使用。现在它们在很多领域都非常有用。然而，一些学生沉迷于电脑游戏甚至忽略了他们的学习，这导致许多家长和老师抱怨电脑的弊端。抱怨是没有用的。我们应该做的是采取措施让学生们知道如何充分利用它们。 10．pick up |系|统|归|纳|　 pick oneself up　　　　 跌倒后站起来 pick up speed 加速 pick on 故意刁难挑剔，闹别扭 pick out 挑出；辨别出 |多|维|训|练|　 ①(比赛场景)David picked_himself_up and started again until he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause.大卫站起来重新开始，直到他在热烈的欢呼和掌声中越过终点线。 ②(活动介绍)Not only did I pick_up_some_useful_life_skills through this activity, but I grew to appreciate and admire the wisdom and industry of working people. 通过这次活动，我不仅学会了一些有用的生活技能，而且对劳动人民的智慧和勤劳也越来越欣赏和钦佩。 ③(场景描写)Her best friend would still pick_on_me_occasionally,_but Sabrina would shake her head and quietly say, “Leave her alone.” 她最好的朋友偶尔还会找我的茬，但塞布丽娜会摇着头，轻声说：“别管她。” ④(动作描写)He quickly picked_out_the_biggest,_ roundest, reddest apple, took it out to Kitty, and said, “Would you like this？” Kitty was so pleased and thanked the kind storekeeper. 他迅速地挑出一个最大、最圆、最红的苹果，拿给基蒂，说：“你喜欢这个吗？”基蒂非常高兴，她向好心的店主道谢。 11．run out |系|统|归|纳|　 run out of　　　　　　　 用完；用尽；用光 run into 撞上；遭遇；达到 run across 偶然遇到；穿过 run after 追求；追赶，追逐 run away 逃离；突然离开 辨析比较： run out of 表示“用完，耗尽”时，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，相当于短语 use up，可以用于被动语态。 run out 表示“用完，耗尽；文件到期”时，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱、文件等名词，不能用于被动语态。 |多|维|训|练| (补全语段)　 (场景描写)Yesterday when ①running_after the naughty boy in the yard, I ②ran_into a tree and injured my head.My patience ③ran_out so I lost temper.Finding that I was really mad, he ④ran_away.However, I was still extremely angry.Just then I ⑤ran_across something shiny under the tree.I picked it up and found it was the ring I had lost many years before, which made me overjoyed. 昨天我在院子里追赶那个调皮的男孩时，撞到了一棵树上，把头弄伤了。我的耐心耗尽了，所以我发了脾气。发现我真生气了，他跑了。然而，我还是极度愤怒。就在这时，我在树下偶然发现了一个发亮的东西。我把它捡起来，发现这是我多年前丢失的戒指，这让我喜出望外。 12．break down |系|统|归|纳|　 break up　　　　　 打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；驱散； 分手；(关系)破裂；结束；放假 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发； 发生(无被动语态) break away from 脱离；挣脱 辨析比较：break in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；break into中的into是介词，后面接宾语。 |多|维|训|练|(补全语段)　 ①(“求助信”范句)Due to a terrible quarrel, we broke_up and he even broke_away_from our organization.I don't know how to break_down our conflict, so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals? 由于一场激烈的争吵，我们的关系破裂了，他甚至脱离了我们的组织。我不知道如何消除我们的冲突，所以你可以好心地给我一些建议吗？ ②(场景描写)We were discussing anxiously when he broke_in，“Perhaps someone had broken_into the room and set a fire to it, so the fire broke_out.” 我们正在焦急地讨论，这时他闯了进来，“也许有人闯进房间放火了，所以着火了。” [课时作业评价] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (关注课标新增主题：生命安全) A couple of years ago, Brian Floca was on an island off the coast of Maine when a storm rolled in. “There was this kind of electric charge in the air，” he remembers.“Just the sensory feeling of the storm coming.The wind, the waves, all of these elemental forces unloading themselves on the island.” But also the feeling of — “Is this safe? Should I really be doing this？” That memory stuck with Floca — and gave him a great idea.His new children's book, Island Storm, is about two kids who feel a storm coming, pull on their boots and head to the sea.As the waves crash and the rain starts to fall harder and harder, they ask each other, “Is this enough? Or do we try for more？” They decide to go on.Storms accompany children through every stage of their growth, allowing them to push the boundaries, feel fear, and learn from their adventures. “It's a little bit about the urge that we all have sometimes in life，” says Brian Floca.However, he laughs, the book is not to encourage kids to chase (追逐) storms.It's to encourage them to be kids by risk－taking.Floca invited Sydney Smith for illustrations.“I don't think there's anyone who handles water and weather the way Sydney does and with the depth of feeling，” Floca explains.“The illustrations can even be a little bit fearsome, as they communicate that feeling of genuine fear you get when you're in the presence of something frightening, like a summer storm.” “I think about childhood a lot in the sense that it's discovering the line by crossing it，” says illustrator Sydney Smith.“This book acknowledges that this is what childhood is about — going too far and going back and discovering it on your own.You're allowed that freedom.That's a childhood in an ideal world.” And in the end, it's also a book about safety.The pair are there for each other, their mom is waiting for them at home, and the skies will clear. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了Brian Floca的新书Island Storm如何通过两个孩子在风暴中探险的故事来诠释童年的本质——在保障安全的情况下，通过突破界线、勇于冒险来自主探索世界。 1．What inspired Floca to write Island Storm? A．His love for adventures. B．His encounter with a storm. C．His curiosity about nature. D．His memory of chasing storms. 解析：选B　细节理解题。第一段描述了Floca在缅因州海岸的一个岛屿遭遇风暴的经历和感受，第二段第一句“That memory stuck with Floca — and gave him a great idea.”表明，正是这次遭遇风暴的经历，为他创作Island Storm提供了灵感。 2．What does the storm symbolize in the book? A．The power of nature. B．Parental authority and rules. C．The risk of growing up. D．Irresponsible childhood behavior. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Storms accompany children through every stage of their growth, allowing them to push the boundaries, feel fear, and learn from their adventures.”可推断，风暴象征着孩子成长过程中可能面临的风险。 3．What does Floca imply about the illustrations? A．They outperform the plots. B．They show multiple techniques. C．They express emotion vividly. D．They display real－life situations. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I don't think there's anyone who handles water and weather the way Sydney does and with the depth of feeling ... The illustrations can even be a little bit fearsome ... you're in the presence of something frightening”可知，Floca认为插图能生动地表达情感。 4．What is an ideal childhood like in Sydney's eyes? A．It values exploration and discovery. B．It encourages continuous travel. C．It provides complete freedom. D．It combines adventure and safety. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it's discovering the line by crossing it ... going too far and going back and discovering it on your own.You're allowed that freedom.That's a childhood in an ideal world.”可知，理想童年的核心是通过越过界限、拥有自主尝试突破(going too far)和自主探索后回归(going back)的自由，与“尊重探索”相符。 B (关注课标新增主题：生态环境) (2026·信阳模拟)Seabird colony (群体) survey data collected over 55 years was used to estimate the number of birds nesting on the 280 atolls in the Indo－Pacific. The study, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, also measures the nutrient contribution of the birds to the ecosystem. Atolls are ring－shaped coral reef islands that enclose a lagoon (环礁湖). They form when a dead volcano sinks lower, leaving behind the coral reef that has grown around its edge. Of the about 440 atolls in the world, most are in the Pacific Ocean. Their combined surface area only makes up about 0.02% of the total island area in the Indo－Pacific region. However, the new study shows that their importance to seabirds far outweighs their relatively small total area. “We calculate that over 31 million seabirds — about 25% of the world's tropical seabirds — are nesting on atolls，” says first author Sebastian Steibl from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. “At least 14 seabird species have more than half of their global populations nesting on atolls.” This is also just a small part of historical populations using the atolls for breeding and nesting. The authors also note the importance of seabirds and, by extension, the atolls they rely on for the broader ecosystem. “Seabirds are globally important mediators (媒介) of ecological connectivity between land and sea，” they write. “They transport nutrients in the form of bird droppings from marine feeding grounds to their nesting sites.” The research highlights the importance of conserving seabird colonies and the atolls amid growing environmental challenges such as warming oceans and rising sea levels. “Protecting atolls is therefore not only important for seabird conservation — in turn, seabirds on atolls are also supporting the functioning of the atolls themselves, which might be key to building resilience (适应力) against climate change，” Steibl says. “Many atoll islands that bear legacies of colonial exploitation are today uninhabited，” says Steibl. “Building on the here－established global importance of atolls for seabird conservation, these uninhabited atoll islands offer themselves as main target sites for future seabird conservation and restoration plans.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。印度洋和太平洋地区的环礁岛虽然面积不大，但却在海鸟保护和海洋生态链中起着重要作用。 5．What does the new study show? A．Atolls are formed by volcano eruption. B．Atolls are important for seabirds. C．The ecosystems of the Indo－Pacific are threatened. D．Seabirds in the Pacific are facing extinction. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the new study shows that their importance to seabirds far outweighs their relatively small total area.”可知，新的研究表明环礁岛对海洋鸟类生存很重要。 6．What can we know about seabirds from paragraph 4? A．They transport nutrients from the sea to land. B．They act as mediators for plants on atolls. C．They protect coral reefs from warming up. D．They control fish populations near atolls. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“They transport nutrients in the form of bird droppings from marine feeding grounds to their nesting sites.”可知，海鸟通过将海洋觅食地的营养物质(鸟粪形式)运送到它们的筑巢地，连接了海洋和陆地生态系统。 7．What probably poses the biggest threat to the atolls at present? A．Ocean pollution.　　　 B．Fishing ships. C．Volcanic activities. D．Climate change. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第五段中“The research highlights the importance of conserving seabird colonies and the atolls amid growing environmental challenges such as warming oceans and rising sea levels.”可推断，当前气候变化(海水变暖)可能是这些作为鸟类理想栖息地的环礁岛存在的最大威胁。 8. Why are the atoll islands suitable for seabird conservation? A．They serve as many colonial habitats for animals. B．They have no sea animals threatening seabirds. C．They are unaffected by human activities. D．They have larger lagoons for nesting. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，许多未开发的环礁岛屿至今无人居住，因此这些岛屿成为未来海鸟保护和恢复计划的理想目标地点，主要是因为无人居住减少了人类活动的干扰。 Ⅱ.语法填空(关注课标新增主题：乡村振兴) (2026·信阳模拟)Launched in 2021, the United Nations World Tourism Organisation's Best Tourism Villages program honors destinations using tourism as a vehicle to preserve landscapes and cultural practices. In 2024, seven villages in China __9__ (recognise) among the Best Tourism Villages 2024. This significant recognition highlights the remarkable achievements of these villages in combining cultural 　10　 (preserve) with sustainable tourism practices. The villages are: Azheke in Yunnan Province, with its unique ethnic (民族的) charm; Guanyang in Fujian Province, rich __11__ historical and cultural heritage; Shibadong in Hunan Province, __12__ (know) for its inspiring development story; Taoping in Sichuan Province, famous for its traditional architecture; Xiaogang in Anhui Province, __13__ (carry) the memory of rural reform; Xitou in Zhejiang Province, a beautiful place with natural and cultural attractions; and Yandunjiao in Shandong Province, showing 　14　 (coast) village characteristics. They cover different communities including the Hakka, Miao and Hani people, __15__ each presents a distinct aspect of China's diverse identity. These ethnic groups have their own unique languages, customs, and traditions, __16__ are vividly displayed in the daily life and tourism activities of these villages. China now, with the additions, __17__ (have) 19 villages on the list, reflecting the country's commitment to preserving rural heritage during modernization. This not only helps protect the unique cultural and natural resources but also __18__ (substantial) provides a constant development path for local communities. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2024年中国有七个村庄入选联合国世界旅游组织的最佳旅游村庄。 9．were recognised　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语“in 2024”可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时态；recognise(认可，评为)是谓语动词，与主语seven villages之间是被动关系，且主语是复数名词，故填were recognised。 10．preservation　考查名词。此处作宾语，应用名词preservation，意为“保护”，是不可数名词。 11．in　考查介词。be rich in是固定短语，意为“富含，拥有丰富的……”。故填in。 12．known　考查非谓语动词。“________ (know) for its inspiring development story”作后置定语，know是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Shibadong之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填known。 13．carrying　考查非谓语动词。“________ (carry) the memory of rural reform”作后置定语，carry(承载)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Xiaogang之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填carrying。 14．coastal　考查形容词。此处修饰名词词组village characteristics，应用形容词coastal作定语，意为“沿海的”。 15．and　考查连词。前后两个分句是并列关系，应用连词and连接。 16．which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词languages, customs, and traditions，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 17．has/has had　考查时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的状态，用一般现在时态，也可强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态；主语是专有名词China，故填has/has had。 18．substantially　考查副词。此处修饰动词provides，应用副词substantially作状语，意为“实质上，大体上”。 72 / 142 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $