Unit 2 语法(基数词和序数词)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦基数词与序数词的系统讲解，涵盖构成规则、核心用法及易混对比。课堂导入从Unit2“Amazing numbers”主题切入，通过回顾基础数字搭建学习支架，先独立数字、整十数，再过渡到几十几、大数表达，逐步深入，衔接前后知识。 资料特色在于以口诀记忆、易错清单强化思维品质，通过填空、单选、句型改写等多样练习提升语言能力，对比辨析环节培养学生分析比较能力，配套答案便于自主学习，助力学习能力发展，整体设计贴合初中语法学习规律，提升教学效率。

Unit2 Amazing numbers语法讲解与练习 基数词&序数词详细讲解 一、基数词(表示数量:多少) 定义:用来描述人或事物的数量、个数、数值,翻译为“几、多少”。 1. 基础基数词构成(必背) 1–12:独立特殊,无规律,必须熟记 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 13–19:后缀 -teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 易错:13(thirteen)、15(fifteen)、18(eighteen 只一个t) 20–90整十数:后缀 -ty twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 超级易错:40 forty(无u)、14 fourteen(有u);50 fifty、15 fifteen 几十几:十位-个位,中间加连字符 21 twenty-one 35 thirty-five 99 ninety-nine 2. 百、千、万大数规则 100 = one hundred ️ hundred/thousand/million 前面有具体数字,永远不加s,不加of two hundred students(正确) two hundreds/two hundred of(错误) ️ 模糊数量:hundreds of 数以百计的(必须加s+of) hundreds of numbers 大量的数字(模糊、不具体) 同理:thousands of 数以千计的;millions of 数百万的 3. 基数词核心用法 ① 表示数量、年龄、金额、页码、年份、数字 He is fifteen years old.他15岁。 Page twenty 第二十页 ② 编号表达:名词+基数词(首字母大写) Room 102 = Room one hundred and two Lesson Five 第五课 ③ 百分数表达: 数字+ per cent sixty per cent 百分之六十(per cent 永远单数) 二、序数词(表示顺序:第几) 定义:表示事物先后顺序、排位,翻译为“第几”,缩写:1st、2nd、3rd、4th…… 1. 序数词变化口诀(必考) 基变序,有规律,词尾大多 th; 一二三,特殊记,1st、2nd、3rd; 八去t,九去e,ve结尾变f; 整十变y为ie,后面再加th; 几十几,只变个位,前面不变。 2. 详细变化规则+易错清单 ① 特殊变化(1、2、3) one first(1st) two second(2nd) three third(3rd) ② 常规变化4–19:+th fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth 特例:five fifth(ve变f);nine ninth(去e);eight eighth(去t) ③ 整十数 20/30/40…90:y变ie+th twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth ④ 几十几:只变个位,十位不变,加连字符 21 twenty-first 32 thirty-second 99 ninety-ninth 3. 序数词核心考点 ① 序数词前必须加 the(表特指) the first day 第一天 the twentieth number 第二十个数字 ② 序数词可修饰名词,表顺序排位 This is the third question. ③ 年月日表达: May 1st, 2026 2026年5月1日 ④ 分数表达(八上重点):分子基数,分母序数,分子大于1,分母加s 1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds 三、基数词VS序数词易混对比 1. five students 五个学生(基数,数量) 2. the fifth student 第五个学生(序数,顺序) 3. forty (40) VS fourteen (14) 4. fourth (第四) VS fourteen (十四) VS forty (四十) 5. hundred:具体数字无s无of;模糊数量s+of 第二部分 配套专项练习 一、用所给数词的正确形式填空 根据句意,用基数词或序数词正确形式填空 1. Today is the (five) day of our new term. 2. There are (forty) students in our class. 3. December is the (twelve) month of a year. 4. He lives on the (twenty) floor. 5. This is my (three) time to visit the science museum. 6. There are two (hundred) books about numbers in the library. 7. (hundred) of people take part in the maths competition. 8. I have finished the (nine) exercise in the workbook. 9. The boy is (eight) years old and he is in Grade Two. 10. June the (one) is Children’s Day. 11. This story happened in the (nineteen) century. 12. He is the (forty-two) player in the team. 13. About sixty (per cent) of the students like maths. 14. There are (thirty) days in April. 15. The (two) chapter is about amazing numbers. 16. Thousands of (tourist) visit the province every year. 17. This is the (five) time he has challenged me. 18. We have learned (four) units this term. 19. The (eight) month of a year is August. 20. There are one (thousand) students in our school. 二、单项选择 1. There are days in a leap year(闰年). A. three hundreds and sixty-six B. three hundred and sixty-six C. three hundred sixty six D. three hundreds sixty-six 2. He became famous in his . A. twenty B. twentieth C. twenties D. the twentieth 3. of students take part in the number game. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Two hundred D. Two hundreds 4. My birthday is on . A. July five B. July fifth C. five July D. fifth July 5. This is the question, and it’s the easiest one. A. three B. third C. thirteen D. thirty 6. About of the water is clean. A. two third B. two thirds C. second three D. seconds three 7. There are teachers in our school. A. ninety and eight B. ninety-eight C. ninty-eight D. ninety eight 8. He is the person to join the chess competition. A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. twelves 9. people attended the international meeting. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Two thousands D. Two thousand of 10. The day of a week is Sunday in Western countries. A. one B. first C. once D. firstly 11. Sixty of the traffic is heavy during rush hours. A. per cent B. per cents C. percent D. cents 12. He lives on the floor, so he takes the lift every day. A. fifteen B. fiveteenth C. fifteenth D. fifteen’s 13. We will have a trip next week. A. five-day B. five days C. five-days D. five day’s 14. The boy won the prize in the maths challenge. A. one B. first C. two D. twice 15. There is only chance for us to win the game. A. one B. first C. the first D. once 三、句型改写 按要求改写句子,每空一词,句意不变 1. He has five books. (用序数词改写,表“第五本”) This is his book. 2. Today is June 2. (改为序数词完整形式) Today is June . 3. There are over 200 students in Grade Eight. (改为模糊数量) of students are in Grade Eight. 4. He is eight years old. (对划线部分提问) is he? 5. This is the third time I take the trip. (对划线部分提问) time is this that you take the trip? 6. Fifty percent of the water is clean. (同义句转换) of the water is clean. 7. Hundreds of people joined the activity. (改为具体数字) hundred people joined the activity. 8. He lives on the twentieth floor. (对划线部分提问) does he live on? 9. We learn Unit Two today. (改为序数词) We learn the unit today. 四、汉译英句子翻译 要求:正确使用基数词、序数词、百分数、大数表达 1. 这是我第三次参加数学挑战赛。 2. 我们学校有八百名学生。 3. 每年有成百上千的人研究数字奥秘。 4. 一年的第十二个月份是十二月。 5. 百分之五十的学生对奇妙的数字感兴趣。 6. 他住在第二十层楼。 7. 三分之二的水是干净的。 8. 这是二十一世纪的一项重大突破。 9. 我九岁,这是我第九个书包。 10. 数百种交通工具在城市里运行。 Keys 一、单词正确形式填空 1. fifth 2. forty 3. twelfth 4. twentieth 5. third 6. hundred 7. Hundreds 8. ninth 9. eight 10. first 11. nineteenth 12. forty-second 13. per cent 14. thirty 15. second 16. tourists 17. fifth 18. four 19. eighth 20. thousand 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 三、句型改写 1. fifth 2. the second 3. Hundreds 4. How old 5. Which 6. Half 7. Two(数字合理即可)8. Which floor 9.second 四、汉译英 1. This is my third time to take part in the maths challenge. 2. There are eight hundred students in our school. 3. Hundreds of people study the secrets of numbers every year. 4. The twelfth month of a year is December. 5. Fifty per cent of the students are interested in amazing numbers. 6. He lives on the twentieth floor. 7. Two thirds of the water is clean. 8. It is a major breakthrough in the twenty-first century. 9. I am nine years old and this is my ninth schoolbag. 10. Hundreds of kinds of vehicles run in the city. 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $