Unit 4 The Earth（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版七年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了"地球"主题的核心内容，涵盖分类词汇（地球之美、环境危机等四大主题）、短语（动词、名词等四类）、语法（There be句型）及写作（保护地球文章）等知识范畴，搭建了从词汇积累到语法应用再到语篇输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类分级呈现知识体系，如词汇按主题场景细分，语法分时态、句型详解，写作提供"总—分—总"框架。特色设计包括易错点口诀（如"有数无s无of，无数有s有of"）、知识点标注考查次数，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师能据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 4 The Earth 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、地球之美： 1. ___________ (令人大为惊奇的) __________________________________________________________________（从山顶看到的景色令人惊叹。） 2. ___________ (行星) __________________________________________________________________（地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星。） 3. ___________ (北；北方) __________________________________________________________________（许多鸟类在夏天飞往北方。） 4. ___________ ((行星的)极；地极) __________________________________________________________________（北极熊生活在北极附近。） 5. ___________ (宽的；宽阔的) __________________________________________________________________（这条河非常宽阔且深邃。） 6. ___________ (鲸) __________________________________________________________________（我们在海洋里看到了一只巨大的蓝鲸。） 7. ___________ (蝴蝶) __________________________________________________________________（花园里到处都是色彩斑斓的蝴蝶。） 8. ___________ (探索) __________________________________________________________________（我们应该仔细探索大自然的美丽。） 二、环境危机与污染： 1. ___________ (塑料) __________________________________________________________________（海洋中过多的塑料会伤害海洋动物。） 2.___________ (污染) __________________________________________________________________（空气污染是大城市的一个严重问题。） 3.___________ (化学制品) __________________________________________________________________（工厂不应该向河流排放化学制品。） 4. ___________ (燃烧，烧) __________________________________________________________________（燃烧煤炭会产生大量烟雾。） 5. ___________ (石油，原油) __________________________________________________________________（石油泄漏会破坏海滩生态系统。） 6. ___________ (天然气) __________________________________________________________________（我们使用天然气做饭和取暖。） 7. ___________ (有害的) __________________________________________________________________（吸烟对你的健康和空气都有害。） 8. ___________ (沙暴) __________________________________________________________________（沙尘暴用黄色的尘土覆盖了整座城市。） 9. ___________ (消失；不见) __________________________________________________________________（人们砍伐了许多森林，动物们开始消失。） 10. ___________ (沙漠；荒漠) __________________________________________________________________（这片土地变成了沙漠。） 11. ___________ (极冷的) __________________________________________________________________（极冷的天气让植物很难生长。） 三、保护行动与解决方案： 1.___________ (保护) __________________________________________________________________（我们必须为了后代保护环境。） 2. ___________ (支持；维持) __________________________________________________________________（树木通过提供氧气来维持生命。） 3. ___________ (提供；供应) __________________________________________________________________（太阳为我们提供光和热。） 4. ___________ (解决办法) __________________________________________________________________（回收利用是解决垃圾问题的办法之一。） 5. ___________ (地下水) __________________________________________________________________（我们需要保持地下水清洁。） 6. ___________ (盖；覆盖) __________________________________________________________________（植物有助于覆盖土壤并防止侵蚀。） 7. ___________ (地区；地域) __________________________________________________________________（这是一个野生动物的保护区。） 8. ___________ (足够达到) __________________________________________________________________（夏天的气温可以达到40度。） 9. ___________ (自己的；本人的) __________________________________________________________________（每个人都应该为自己的行为负责。） 10. ___________ (然而；不过) __________________________________________________________________（问题很严重。然而，我们仍然可以解决它。） 11. ___________ ((统称)一代人) __________________________________________________________________（我们想把一个美丽的地球留给下一代。） 四、人类历史与社会活动 1.___________ (系统) __________________________________________________________________（太阳系包括太阳和八大行星。） 2. ___________ (档案) __________________________________________________________________(我们保存了一份关于濒危动物的档案。） 3. ___________ (十亿) __________________________________________________________________（地球上大约有80亿人口。） 4. ___________ (谷粒) __________________________________________________________________（农民种植谷物来养活人们。） 5. ___________ (米) __________________________________________________________________（水位上升了一米。） 6. ___________ (网站) __________________________________________________________________（你可以在这个网站上了解大自然。） 7. ___________ (皇帝) __________________________________________________________________（很久以前，皇帝命令人们多种树。） 8. ___________ (打猎) __________________________________________________________________（人们过去为了食物和皮毛而猎杀动物。） 9. ___________ (战争) __________________________________________________________________（战争摧毁城市并破坏环境。） 10. ___________ (刮；吹) __________________________________________________________________（暴风雨来临前风开始猛烈地刮。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. ______________________（被……覆盖） __________________________________________________________________（冬天这座山被雪覆盖着。） 2. ______________________（提供；供应；给予） __________________________________________________________________（树木为我们提供新鲜空气。） 3. ______________________（照顾；照料） __________________________________________________________________（我们应该照顾动物园里的动物。） 4. ______________________（砍倒） __________________________________________________________________（人们不应该砍伐太多的树木。） 5. ______________________（吹走） __________________________________________________________________（大风可能会把树叶吹走。） 二、名词短语 1. ______________________（太阳系） __________________________________________________________________（地球在太阳系中绕着太阳转。） 2. ______________________（事实档案） __________________________________________________________________（我为我的课题制作了一份关于熊猫的事实档案。） 3. ______________________（海平面） __________________________________________________________________（因为天气炎热，海平面正在上升。） 4. ______________________（塑料污染） __________________________________________________________________（塑料污染对海洋动物有害。） 三、介词/数量短语 1. ______________________（数以百计） __________________________________________________________________（夜晚天空中有数以百计的星星。） 四、连接词与插入语 1. ______________________（据我们所知） __________________________________________________________________（据我们所知，地球是我们唯一的家园。） 2. ______________________（更重要的是；而且） __________________________________________________________________（回收利用很好。而且，它还能省钱。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问地球的污染问题和保护措施： 1. What problem is the Earth facing?（地球正在面临什么问题？） 2. What do you know about the sea?（你知道关于海洋的什么呢？） 3. What can we do to protect the Earth?（我们可以做什么去保护地球？） 二、描述污染问题和保护措施： 1. The Earth is facing water pollution.（地球正面临着水污染问题。） 2. Sea animals are dying because of ....（因为……，海洋动物正在死亡。） 3. Factories pollute....（工厂污染……。） 4. We should bring our own shopping bags... （我们应该带自己的购物袋……。） 5. Factories should stop...（工厂应该停止……。） 语法 There be 写作 写关于保护地球的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 amazing 主语通常是物（比如电影、风景、消息），或者是某个人（指这个人很厉害，让人佩服）。 The game is amazing. 这个游戏很精彩。 amazed adj. 感到惊奇的，形容人 【短语】 ① be amazed at / by... 对……感到吃惊 I was amazed at the news. 听到这个消息我很吃惊。 （2024-2026年考查2次）2. reach 【含义】 ① 表示“足够达到”。后面接数字、年龄、温度、速度等，表示“达到了某个具体的标准或数值”。 The temperature will reach 30℃ today. 今天气温将达到30摄氏度。 He is old enough to reach the top shelf. 他长得足够高，能够够到最上面的架子了。 ② 表示“达到”，后面直接接地点名词。 We will reach London tomorrow. 我们明天会到达伦敦。 （2024-2026年考查3次）3. as ... as... 像……一样…… 【短语】 ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 像……一样…… David is as careful as Tom. David像Tom一样认真。 ② as + 副词原级 + as 像……一样…… David writes as carefully as Tom. David写得像Tom一样认真。 （2024-2026年考查3次）4. millions of 数以百万 【短语】 ① millions of 数以百万 People plant millions of trees every year. 每年人们种了数以百万的树。 （2024-2026年考查3次）5. other 【辨析】 other 别的、其他的。后面必须接名词（通常是复数名词，也可以接不可数名词）。 Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？ others 别的人/物。后面不能接名词。常构成 “some ..., others ...”（一些……，另一些……）。 Some students like math, others like English. 一些学生喜欢数学，另一些（学生）喜欢英语。 the other （两个里的）另外一个。 I have two apples. One is red, the other is green. 我有两个苹果。一个是红的，另一个是绿的。 another 再一个、又一个。后面通常接单数名词。 Can I have another apple? 我能再吃一个苹果吗？ （2024-2026年考查1次）6. provide 提供 【短语】 provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 The Earth provides us with all the things we need. 地球给我们提供我们所需的东西。 （2024-2026年考查2次）7. pollution 污染 【短语】 ① water pollution 水污染 Water pollution is a serious problem in many cities. 水污染在许多城市是一个严重的问题。 ② air pollution 空气污染 Air pollution makes the sky grey. 空气污染使天空变得灰蒙蒙的。 【辨析】 pollution 污染（指污染这种现象或结果）。不可数名词， Air pollution is a big problem. 空气污染是个大问题。 pollute 污染（指去弄脏、破坏环境这个动作）。动词。 Factories often pollute the river. 工厂经常污染这条河。 二、核心语法精讲 There be 概念 表示“（某地）存在某人/物” 时态 一般现在时 There is/are 一般过去时 There was/were 一般将来时 There will be / There is going to be 句型 肯定句 ① There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语 There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两张椅子。 ② There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两张椅子和一张桌子。 否定句 There be not + 名词 + 地点状语 There isn’t a desk in the room. 房间里没有一张桌子。 There aren’t two desks in the room. 房间里没有两张桌子。 一般疑问句 Be there + 名词 + 地点状语？ Is there a desk in the room? 房间里有一张桌子吗？ Are there two desks in the room? 房间里有两张桌子吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be there +其他成分？ What’s there in the room? 房间里有什么？ How many desks are there in the room? 房间里有多少张桌子？ 使用原则 就近原则 There is a computer room and two music rooms in our school. There are two music rooms and a computer room in our school. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 “保护地球”这个话题的核心是描述地球的美丽现状，指出面临的环境问题，并提出具体的保护措施。内容通常涵盖自然景观（山川河流）、环境危机（污染、动物灭绝）以及人类的行动（减少污染、绿色生活）。 在语言方面，主要使用一般现在时来描述客观事实和普遍真理。句式上，除了简单的陈述句外，建议多使用 because 引导的原因状语从句来解释为什么要保护环境，以及使用 should / have to / can 等情态动词来提出建议。 2. 写作框架 整体写作采用“总—分—总”结构，清晰分层： 1）开头（总）： 赞美地球的美丽，点明它是我们要保护的家园。 参考句型：The Earth is a beautiful planet. / There are high mountains and blue seas on Earth. 2）中间（分）： 从“问题”和“对策”两个角度具体展开，建议分 2 个层次： · 面临的问题： 描述环境污染（水污染、塑料污染）及其后果（动物死亡）。 关键词：water pollution, plastic pollution, sea animals are dying. · 采取的行动： 描述我们可以做的具体事情（工厂减排、个人习惯）。 关键词：stop polluting, bring our own shopping bags, take care of. 3）结尾（总）： 总结全文，发出呼吁，强调保护地球的重要性。 参考句型：We only have one Earth. / Let's work together to protect our home. 3. 写作素材 1) 核心词汇 · 地球与自然类：planet (行星), solar system (太阳系), high mountains (高山), blue seas (蓝海), sea level (海平面). · 环境问题类：pollution (污染), plastic pollution (塑料污染), harmful (有害的), disappear (消失), sandstorm (沙尘暴). · 行动与措施类：protect (保护), provide ... with ... (提供...给...), take care of (照顾), cut down (砍倒), blow away (吹走). · 连接与逻辑类：however (然而 - 表示转折), what's more (更重要的是 - 表示递进), as far as we know (据我们所知). 2) 实用句型 · 描述美丽地球：The Earth is a beautiful planet. There are high mountains and beautiful rivers. · 描述面临的问题 (转折)：However, we are harming the Earth in many ways. For example, sea animals are dying because of plastic pollution. · 提出建议/措施：Factories should stop polluting rivers and lakes. / We should bring our own shopping bags to the supermarket. · 总结呼吁：We only have one Earth, so we have to protect it. 4. 范文背诵 The Earth is a beautiful planet. There are high mountains, blue seas and beautiful rivers. It provides us with everything we need to live. However, we are harming the Earth in many ways. For example, there is serious water pollution. Many sea animals are dying because of plastic pollution. The air is also getting dirty. We only have one Earth, so we have to protect it. Factories should stop polluting rivers and lakes. We can bring our own shopping bags to the supermarket instead of using plastic ones. We should also plant more trees to make the air fresh. Let’s take action now to make our home better! 易错点01 million和millions of 【助记口诀】有数无s无of，无数有s有of 【错因辨析】 1. 核心规则混淆具体与模糊：在判断使用 million 还是 millions of 时，核心在于区分“具体数字”与“模糊概数”。 · 具体数字：当前面有具体数字（如 two, three）时，million 不加 s，也不加 of，直接接名词复数（如 two million people）。 · 模糊概数：当表示“成千上万、数以百万计”这种不确定的数量时，必须用复数 millions 并搭配 of（如 millions of stars）。 2. 结构搭配错误：在句子结构中，需严格对应修饰语的性质。 · 若前面有基数词（one, five...），million 视为量词单位，保持单数且后直接加名词。 · 若前面没有数字，而是想表达“很多”，则必须构成 millions of + 名词复数 的短语结构。 【对点训练】 1. There are________ visitors in the museum during the holiday. A. two millions B. two million of C. million of D. millions of 2. More than ________ people died in the war between the two countries two years ago. A. two millions B. two million C. million of D. two million of 3. There are ________ teachers in this middle school. My aunt is one of them. A. four hundred B. four hundreds C. four hundred of D. four hundreds of 一、根据所给提示填空 1. What an ________ (令人大为惊奇的) movie it is! I want to watch it again. 2. The Earth ________ (提供) us with air, water and food. 3. Would you like to ________ (探索) the new park with us? 4. In Shanghai you can find food from all over the world, but the city also has its ________ (自己的) food, such as qingtuan. 5. Does the hotel have a non-smoking ________ (地区，部分)? 6. Wearing gloves can ________ (保护) your hands from the cold. 7. This bottle is made of ________ (塑料). 8. The rabbit ran away and ________ (消失). 9. My friend Li Hua says, “We can ________ (覆盖) the T-shirt’s back with a big, modern drawing of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.” 10. Girls in a junior school need to run 800 ________ (米) in about four minutes. 二、单项选择 1. There ________ a computer and some chairs in the library. They are for students. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)There ________ a pen and three books on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 3. Some people throw away rubbish everywhere, so ________ a lot of ________ around us. A. there are; pollution B. there are; pollutions C. there is; pollution D. there is; pollutions 4. —________ a yellow bike and two green bikes here. Choose one. —OK. I will ride this one. I like yellow better. A. There is B. There are C. This is D. Those are 5. (2024-2025·广东广州·期中)________ there ________ money and several coins in my bag? A. Are, some B. Is, any C. Have, any D. Are, any 6. (2024-2025·广东广州·期中)There ________ some milk and five eggs in the fridge. A. has B. is C. are D. have 7. There ________ still some apple juice in the bottle. You can drink it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. The school provides students ________ clean drinking water. A. with B. for C. to D. of 9. As far as we ________, whales are large animals. A. know B. knew C. knowing D. known 10. The area is ________ by snow in winter. A. covered B. provided C. explored D. blown 三、句型转换 1. There was a small village near the mountain ten years ago.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ near the mountain ten years ago? 2. There are three people waiting for the bus. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ people ________ ________ waiting for the bus? 3. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)事实上，湖边总是有很多瓶子、塑料袋和其他垃圾。‌ ________ ________‌, ________ ________ always many bottles, plastic bags and other‌ rubbish by the lake. 4. 如果我们现在不采取行动，一些动物可能会永远消失。 If we don’t do something now, some animals may ________ ________. 5. 即使在夏天，这座山的山顶也被雪覆盖着。 Even in summer, the top of the mountain ________ ________ ________ snow. 6. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)在不同的季节里，我们学校有不同的活动。 ________ ________ different activities in our school in different seasons. 7. 沙滩上有很多塑料垃圾和许多瓶子。 ________ ________ a lot of plastic rubbish and many bottles on the beach. 四、阅读理解 A (2025-2026·广东深圳·期中） Since 2012, China has achieved something amazing: it has added more than 1 million hectares (公顷) of wetlands. This means it restored an area as large as London every two years. Now, the country has over 56 million hectares of wetlands in total. To protect these areas, China has set up more than 2,200 wetland nature reserves, and the environment there has improved greatly. Wetlands are very important. Although they cover only 6% of the Earth’s land, they are home to 40% of all plant and animal species. They also provide us with clean water, control floods, and help store carbon. Among China’s actions, mangrove (红树林) protection stands out. In the past five years, the country has planted over 8,800 hectares of mangroves and restored another 8,200 hectares. Thanks to this, China’s mangrove area has increased by about 40% since the early 2000s, making it one of the few countries with a net gain. An expert said, “Restoring mangroves is one of the most cost-effective ways to fight climate change.” To encourage global cooperation, China set up the International Mangrove Center in Shenzhen in December. Another key step is dealing with an invasive (侵略性的) plant called Spartina alterniflora (互花米草). This plant harms coastal ecosystems by slowing water flow and killing native species, which leaves birds with less food. Since a special action plan started in 2022, about 90% of the affected areas have been treated, successfully stopping its spread. Besides, China has 903 national wetland parks. These parks not only protect 2.4 million hectares of wetlands but have also created more than 50 billion yuan for local economies. About 90% of them are free for everyone to visit. These parks show how China is successfully protecting nature while bringing benefits to people. Looking ahead, China will continue to carry out its Wetland Protection Law and develop new models like “wetland culture-tourism”. 1. How much wetland area has China added since 2012 according to the passage? A. Over 56 million hectares. B. Over 1 million hectares. C. An area the size of London. D. 2.4 million hectares. 2. What is one of the key actions China has taken to protect mangroves? A. Setting up more than 2,200 nature reserves. B. Controlling the spread of Spartina alterniflora. C. Planting and restoring thousands of hectares of mangroves. D. Building 903 national wetland parks. 3. Which of the following is TRUE about China’s national wetland parks? A. Most of them require expensive tickets. B. They have created economic value for the region. C. They were all established in the last five years. D. They mainly focus on fighting climate change. 4. What does the word “cost-effective” mean in the passage? A. Very expensive. B. Giving a good result for the amount of money spent. C. Needing a lot of time. D. Popular around the world. 5. Where is this passage most probably taken from? A. A science fiction novel. B. A personal travel blog. C. A news report on environmental protection. D. A history textbook about London. B (2024-2025·广东广州·期中） There were once lots of sunflower sea stars along the Pacific Coast of North America. But it is said that about 90 percent of them have died in the last 10 years. Scientists at the University of Washington are researching to understand why the sea stars died. To do so, they are growing them in a lab. They have nearly 150 sea stars between the ages of one and three, and around 5,000 baby sea stars. They also have 16 adult sea stars from ocean waters. The result shows the illness that killed them is known as sea star wasting syndrome (消耗综合征). Jason Hodin, the top researcher at the lab, said that the illness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate (气候) change. Another group from the university is also working on the study. They are trying to find out if warmer water changes the way the sea stars move. The group is using special cameras to see how the sea stars move and to create 3D pictures. The pictures would show differences even with small changes to their environment—such as a small water temperature change. So far, the researchers think the sea stars are able to live in warmer water. Hodin said, “If sunflower sea stars are going to recover (恢复) in the ocean with or without the help of humans, they’re going to be doing so when climate changes.” 1. Why are the scientists doing the research? A. To see how many sunflower sea stars are left. B. To find out the reason for the death of the sea stars. C. To grow more baby sunflower sea stars in the lab. D. To study temperature changes in the Pacific Ocean. 2. What can we know from the research result? A. The sea stars got an illness called sea star wasting syndrome. B. The sea stars died because the sea water was polluted. C. The sea stars were killed by people in large numbers. D. The sea stars died because the sea water got colder. 3. What is another group in the university trying to find out? A. Why the water temperature changes. B. How the sea stars change the water temperature. C. Whether warmer water makes the sea stars move differently. D. What the sea stars look like when moving under cold water. 4. What are the special cameras used to do? A. See how the sea moves. B. Create some 3D pictures that show differences. C. See how the water temperature changes. D. See more sea stars clearly. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The researchers have more than 6,000 sea stars in their lab. B. The sea stars once appeared along the coast of South America. C. The researchers think the sea stars can’t live in warmer water. D. Jason Hodin thinks the illness has something to do with climate change. 五、完形填空 (2025-2026·广东深圳·期中） Tree-Planting Day is very important for our environment. In China, March 12th is the day for people to 1 trees. This event calls on (号召) people to protect the environment. Schools and local areas have new ways to celebrate it. Some schools 2 tree-planting activities. Students show their skills and talk about how to plant trees well. These activities let people know it’s important to keep the environment 3 . On this day, people go to parks, schoolyards or village areas. They 4 things like spades (铲子) and watering tools. First, they dig a right-sized hole. Then, put in the young tree and cover it with soil. After that, 5 the tree. Tree-Planting Day is not just about planting. It makes us 6 close to nature. We learn that we have a 7 to care for it. Many people say planting trees is a 8 way to help the Earth. Each small tree we plant can grow into a big one, 9 fresh air for us. It’s never too late to start. Let’s 10 tree-planting activities and make our planet greener! 1. A. cut B. water C. plant D. pick 2. A. start B. cancel C. avoid D. dislike 3. A. heavy B. clean C. strange D. old 4. A. carry B. break C. draw D. buy 5. A. climb B. shake C. water D. touch 6. A. feel B. smell C. grow D. taste 7. A. gift B. tool C. rule D. duty 8. A. fun B. slow C. strange D. cheap 9. A. cutting B. providing C. finding D. taking 10. A. take part in B. look after C. check in D. get to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Earth 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、地球之美： 1. amazing (令人大为惊奇的) The view from the top of the mountain is amazing.（从山顶看到的景色令人惊叹。） 2. planet (行星) Earth is the only planet known to support life.（地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星。） 3. north (北；北方) Many birds fly to the north in summer.（许多鸟类在夏天飞往北方。） 4. North ((行星的)极；地极) Polar bears live near the North Pole.（北极熊生活在北极附近。） 5. wide (宽的；宽阔的) The river is very wide and deep.（这条河非常宽阔且深邃。） 6. whale (鲸) We saw a huge blue whale in the ocean.（我们在海洋里看到了一只巨大的蓝鲸。） 7. butterfly (蝴蝶) The garden is full of colorful butterflies.（花园里到处都是色彩斑斓的蝴蝶。） 8. explore (探索) We should explore the beauty of nature carefully.（我们应该仔细探索大自然的美丽。） 二、环境危机与污染： 1. plastic (塑料) Too much plastic in the ocean harms sea animals.（海洋中过多的塑料会伤害海洋动物。） 2. pollution (污染) Air pollution is a serious problem in big cities.（空气污染是大城市的一个严重问题。） 3. chemical (化学制品) Factories should not pour chemicals into the river.（工厂不应该向河流排放化学制品。） 4. burn (燃烧，烧) Burning coal creates a lot of smoke.（燃烧煤炭会产生大量烟雾。） 5. oil (石油，原油) Oil spills can destroy the beach ecosystem.（石油泄漏会破坏海滩生态系统。） 6. gas (天然气) We use natural gas for cooking and heating.（我们使用天然气做饭和取暖。） 7. harmful (有害的) Smoking is harmful to your health and the air.（吸烟对你的健康和空气都有害。） 8. sandstorm (沙暴) The sandstorm covered the whole city in yellow dust.（沙尘暴用黄色的尘土覆盖了整座城市。） 9. disappear (消失；不见) People are cutting down many forests, and animals are starting to disappear.（人们砍伐了许多森林，动物们开始消失。） 10. desert (沙漠；荒漠) The land turned into a desert.（这片土地变成了沙漠。） 11. freezing (极冷的) The freezing weather makes it hard for plants to grow.（极冷的天气让植物很难生长。） 三、保护行动与解决方案： 1. protect (保护) We must protect the environment for future generations.（我们必须为了后代保护环境。） 2. support (支持；维持) Trees support life by providing oxygen.（树木通过提供氧气来维持生命。） 3. provide (提供；供应) The sun provides us with light and heat.（太阳为我们提供光和热。） 4. solution (解决办法) Recycling is one solution to the garbage problem.（回收利用是解决垃圾问题的办法之一。） 5. groundwater (地下水) We need to keep the groundwater clean.（我们需要保持地下水清洁。） 6. cover (盖；覆盖) Plants help cover the soil and prevent erosion.（植物有助于覆盖土壤并防止侵蚀。） 7. area (地区；地域) This is a protected area for wild animals.（这是一个野生动物的保护区。） 8. reach (足够达到) The temperature can reach 40 degrees in summer.（夏天的气温可以达到40度。） 9. own (自己的；本人的) Everyone should take responsibility for their own actions.（每个人都应该为自己的行为负责。） 10. however (然而；不过) The problem is serious. However, we can still fix it.（问题很严重。然而，我们仍然可以解决它。） 11. generation ((统称)一代人) We want to leave a beautiful earth to the next generation.（我们想把一个美丽的地球留给下一代。） 四、人类历史与社会活动 1. system (系统) The solar system includes the sun and eight planets.（太阳系包括太阳和八大行星。） 2. file (档案) We keep a file on endangered animals.(我们保存了一份关于濒危动物的档案。） 3. billion (十亿) There are about 8 billion people on Earth.（地球上大约有80亿人口。） 4. grain (谷粒) Farmers grow grain to feed people.（农民种植谷物来养活人们。） 5. metre (米) The water level rose by one metre.（水位上升了一米。） 6. website (网站) You can learn about nature on this website.（你可以在这个网站上了解大自然。） 7. emperor (皇帝) The emperor ordered people to plant more trees long ago.（很久以前，皇帝命令人们多种树。） 8. hunt (打猎) People used to hunt animals for food and fur.（人们过去为了食物和皮毛而猎杀动物。） 9. war (战争) War destroys cities and hurts the environment.（战争摧毁城市并破坏环境。） 10. blow (刮；吹) The wind began to blow strongly before the storm.（暴风雨来临前风开始猛烈地刮。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. be covered by（被……覆盖） The mountain is covered by snow in winter.（冬天这座山被雪覆盖着。） 2. provide ... with ...（提供；供应；给予） Trees provide us with fresh air.（树木为我们提供新鲜空气。） 3. take care of（照顾；照料） We should take care of the animals in the zoo.（我们应该照顾动物园里的动物。） 4. cut down（砍倒） People shouldn’t cut down too many trees.（人们不应该砍伐太多的树木。） 5. blow away（吹走） The strong wind may blow away the leaves.（大风可能会把树叶吹走。） 二、名词短语 1. solar system（太阳系） _The earth goes around the sun in the solar system.（地球在太阳系中绕着太阳转。） 2. fact file（事实档案） I made a fact file about pandas for my project.（我为我的课题制作了一份关于熊猫的事实档案。） 3. sea level（海平面） The sea level is rising because of the heat.（因为天气炎热，海平面正在上升。） 4. plastic pollution（塑料污染） Plastic pollution is harmful to sea animals.（塑料污染对海洋动物有害。） 三、介词/数量短语 1. hundreds of（数以百计） There are hundreds of stars in the sky at night.（夜晚天空中有数以百计的星星。） 四、连接词与插入语 1. as far as we know（据我们所知） As far as we know, the earth is the only home for us.（据我们所知，地球是我们唯一的家园。） 2. what’s more（更重要的是；而且） Recycling is good. What’s more, it saves money.（回收利用很好。而且，它还能省钱。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问地球的污染问题和保护措施： 1. What problem is the Earth facing?（地球正在面临什么问题？） 2. What do you know about the sea?（你知道关于海洋的什么呢？） 3. What can we do to protect the Earth?（我们可以做什么去保护地球？） 二、描述污染问题和保护措施： 1. The Earth is facing water pollution.（地球正面临着水污染问题。） 2. Sea animals are dying because of ....（因为……，海洋动物正在死亡。） 3. Factories pollute....（工厂污染……。） 4. We should bring our own shopping bags... （我们应该带自己的购物袋……。） 5. Factories should stop...（工厂应该停止……。） 语法 There be 写作 写关于保护地球的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 amazing 主语通常是物（比如电影、风景、消息），或者是某个人（指这个人很厉害，让人佩服）。 The game is amazing. 这个游戏很精彩。 amazed adj. 感到惊奇的，形容人 【短语】 ① be amazed at / by... 对……感到吃惊 I was amazed at the news. 听到这个消息我很吃惊。 （2024-2026年考查2次）2. reach 【含义】 ① 表示“足够达到”。后面接数字、年龄、温度、速度等，表示“达到了某个具体的标准或数值”。 The temperature will reach 30℃ today. 今天气温将达到30摄氏度。 He is old enough to reach the top shelf. 他长得足够高，能够够到最上面的架子了。 ② 表示“达到”，后面直接接地点名词。 We will reach London tomorrow. 我们明天会到达伦敦。 （2024-2026年考查3次）3. as ... as... 像……一样…… 【短语】 ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 像……一样…… David is as careful as Tom. David像Tom一样认真。 ② as + 副词原级 + as 像……一样…… David writes as carefully as Tom. David写得像Tom一样认真。 （2024-2026年考查3次）4. millions of 数以百万 【短语】 ① millions of 数以百万 People plant millions of trees every year. 每年人们种了数以百万的树。 （2024-2026年考查3次）5. other 【辨析】 other 别的、其他的。后面必须接名词（通常是复数名词，也可以接不可数名词）。 Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？ others 别的人/物。后面不能接名词。常构成 “some ..., others ...”（一些……，另一些……）。 Some students like math, others like English. 一些学生喜欢数学，另一些（学生）喜欢英语。 the other （两个里的）另外一个。 I have two apples. One is red, the other is green. 我有两个苹果。一个是红的，另一个是绿的。 another 再一个、又一个。后面通常接单数名词。 Can I have another apple? 我能再吃一个苹果吗？ （2024-2026年考查1次）6. provide 提供 【短语】 provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 The Earth provides us with all the things we need. 地球给我们提供我们所需的东西。 （2024-2026年考查2次）7. pollution 污染 【短语】 ① water pollution 水污染 Water pollution is a serious problem in many cities. 水污染在许多城市是一个严重的问题。 ② air pollution 空气污染 Air pollution makes the sky grey. 空气污染使天空变得灰蒙蒙的。 【辨析】 pollution 污染（指污染这种现象或结果）。不可数名词， Air pollution is a big problem. 空气污染是个大问题。 pollute 污染（指去弄脏、破坏环境这个动作）。动词。 Factories often pollute the river. 工厂经常污染这条河。 二、核心语法精讲 There be 概念 表示“（某地）存在某人/物” 时态 一般现在时 There is/are 一般过去时 There was/were 一般将来时 There will be / There is going to be 句型 肯定句 ① There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语 There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两张椅子。 ② There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两张椅子和一张桌子。 否定句 There be not + 名词 + 地点状语 There isn’t a desk in the room. 房间里没有一张桌子。 There aren’t two desks in the room. 房间里没有两张桌子。 一般疑问句 Be there + 名词 + 地点状语？ Is there a desk in the room? 房间里有一张桌子吗？ Are there two desks in the room? 房间里有两张桌子吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be there +其他成分？ What’s there in the room? 房间里有什么？ How many desks are there in the room? 房间里有多少张桌子？ 使用原则 就近原则 There is a computer room and two music rooms in our school. There are two music rooms and a computer room in our school. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 “保护地球”这个话题的核心是描述地球的美丽现状，指出面临的环境问题，并提出具体的保护措施。内容通常涵盖自然景观（山川河流）、环境危机（污染、动物灭绝）以及人类的行动（减少污染、绿色生活）。 在语言方面，主要使用一般现在时来描述客观事实和普遍真理。句式上，除了简单的陈述句外，建议多使用 because 引导的原因状语从句来解释为什么要保护环境，以及使用 should / have to / can 等情态动词来提出建议。 2. 写作框架 整体写作采用“总—分—总”结构，清晰分层： 1）开头（总）： 赞美地球的美丽，点明它是我们要保护的家园。 参考句型：The Earth is a beautiful planet. / There are high mountains and blue seas on Earth. 2）中间（分）： 从“问题”和“对策”两个角度具体展开，建议分 2 个层次： · 面临的问题： 描述环境污染（水污染、塑料污染）及其后果（动物死亡）。 关键词：water pollution, plastic pollution, sea animals are dying. · 采取的行动： 描述我们可以做的具体事情（工厂减排、个人习惯）。 关键词：stop polluting, bring our own shopping bags, take care of. 3）结尾（总）： 总结全文，发出呼吁，强调保护地球的重要性。 参考句型：We only have one Earth. / Let's work together to protect our home. 3. 写作素材 1) 核心词汇 · 地球与自然类：planet (行星), solar system (太阳系), high mountains (高山), blue seas (蓝海), sea level (海平面). · 环境问题类：pollution (污染), plastic pollution (塑料污染), harmful (有害的), disappear (消失), sandstorm (沙尘暴). · 行动与措施类：protect (保护), provide ... with ... (提供...给...), take care of (照顾), cut down (砍倒), blow away (吹走). · 连接与逻辑类：however (然而 - 表示转折), what's more (更重要的是 - 表示递进), as far as we know (据我们所知). 2) 实用句型 · 描述美丽地球：The Earth is a beautiful planet. There are high mountains and beautiful rivers. · 描述面临的问题 (转折)：However, we are harming the Earth in many ways. For example, sea animals are dying because of plastic pollution. · 提出建议/措施：Factories should stop polluting rivers and lakes. / We should bring our own shopping bags to the supermarket. · 总结呼吁：We only have one Earth, so we have to protect it. 4. 范文背诵 The Earth is a beautiful planet. There are high mountains, blue seas and beautiful rivers. It provides us with everything we need to live. However, we are harming the Earth in many ways. For example, there is serious water pollution. Many sea animals are dying because of plastic pollution. The air is also getting dirty. We only have one Earth, so we have to protect it. Factories should stop polluting rivers and lakes. We can bring our own shopping bags to the supermarket instead of using plastic ones. We should also plant more trees to make the air fresh. Let’s take action now to make our home better! 易错点01 million和millions of 【助记口诀】有数无s无of，无数有s有of 【错因辨析】 1. 核心规则混淆具体与模糊：在判断使用 million 还是 millions of 时，核心在于区分“具体数字”与“模糊概数”。 · 具体数字：当前面有具体数字（如 two, three）时，million 不加 s，也不加 of，直接接名词复数（如 two million people）。 · 模糊概数：当表示“成千上万、数以百万计”这种不确定的数量时，必须用复数 millions 并搭配 of（如 millions of stars）。 2. 结构搭配错误：在句子结构中，需严格对应修饰语的性质。 · 若前面有基数词（one, five...），million 视为量词单位，保持单数且后直接加名词。 · 若前面没有数字，而是想表达“很多”，则必须构成 millions of + 名词复数 的短语结构。 【对点训练】 1. There are________ visitors in the museum during the holiday. A. two millions B. two million of C. million of D. millions of 【答案】D 【解析】句意：节日期间博物馆里有数百万游客。 million“百万”，它前面有具体数字时用单数形式，不加of；它前面无具体数字时用复数形式加of，表示“数百万的”。空格前无具体数字，排除A、B选项；C选项形式错误。应填millions of。 2. More than ________ people died in the war between the two countries two years ago. A. two millions B. two million C. million of D. two million of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：两年前，在这两个国家的战争中，超过两百万人死亡。 考查数词用法。two millions错误表达；two million两百万；million of错误表达；two million of 错误表达。根据“More than…people died in the war between the two countries two years ago.”可知，million前有具体数字时，用单数形式，且不加of。故选B。 3. There are ________ teachers in this middle school. My aunt is one of them. A. four hundred B. four hundreds C. four hundred of D. four hundreds of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这所中学有四百名教师。我阿姨是其中之一。 four hundred四百 (具体数字+hundred，不加s)；four hundreds四百 (错误，hundred不加s)；four hundred of四百的 (错误，of多余)；four hundreds of错误 (具体数字不加s且of前不加s)。具体数字后hundred不加s，应填“four hundred”。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. What an ________ (令人大为惊奇的) movie it is! I want to watch it again. 【答案】amazing 【解析】句意：这是一部多么精彩的电影啊！我想再看一遍。根据括号内的中文提示，amazing令人大为惊奇的, 形容词作定语修饰名词movie。故填amazing。 2. The Earth ________ (提供) us with air, water and food. 【答案】provides 【解析】句意：地球给我们提供空气、水和食物。根据汉语提示及“us with air...”可知，空处需动词“provide”，provide sb. with sth.意为“提供某人某物”，因是陈述事实，故时态为一般现在时，主语为The Earth，谓语动词需单三形式。故填provides。 3. Would you like to ________ (探索) the new park with us? 【答案】explore 【解析】句意：你想要和我们一起探索新公园吗？根据汉语提示可知，explore“探索”，动词；“would like to do sth.”是固定结构，表示询问对方是否想做某事，此处应用动词原形。故填explore。 4. In Shanghai you can find food from all over the world, but the city also has its ________ (自己的) food, such as qingtuan. 【答案】 own 【解析】句意：在上海你可以找到来自世界各地的食物，但这个城市也有它自己的食物，比如青团。根据汉语提示可知，own“自己的”，形容词作定语修饰名词food。故填own。 5. Does the hotel have a non-smoking ________ (地区，部分)? 【答案】area 【解析】句意：这家酒店有非吸烟区吗？根据中文提示，“地区，部分”常见英文表达有“area”；在本句中，“a non-smoking area”意思是“一个非吸烟区”，符合语境。故填area。 6. Wearing gloves can ________ (保护) your hands from the cold. 【答案】protect 【解析】句意：戴手套能保护你的手不受冻。“保护”的英文表达是“protect”，情态动词“can”后接动词原形，此处应填“protect”。 7. This bottle is made of ________ (塑料). 【答案】plastic 【解析】句意：这个瓶子是由塑料制成的。plastic“塑料”，不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。故填plastic。 8. The rabbit ran away and ________ (消失). 【答案】disappeared 【解析】句意：兔子跑开并消失了。“消失”的英文表达是“disappear”，根据“ran”可知句子是一般过去时态，“disappear”的过去式是“disappeared”。故填disappeared。 9. My friend Li Hua says, “We can ________ (覆盖) the T-shirt’s back with a big, modern drawing of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.” 【答案】cover 【解析】句意：我的朋友李华说：“我们可以在这件T恤的背面画上一幅大型现代风格的南京长江大桥图案。”空处在情态动词can后，需用动词原形。“覆盖”译为cover，符合句意。故填cover。 10. Girls in a junior school need to run 800 ________ (米) in about four minutes. 【答案】meters/metres 【解析】句意：初中女生需要在四分钟内跑完800米。800后面需接名词复数，meter/metre“米”，名词，其复数形式为meters/metres。故填meters/metres。 二、单项选择 1. There ________ a computer and some chairs in the library. They are for students. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：图书馆里有一台电脑和一些椅子。它们是给学生用的。 根据后句“They are for students.”可知时态为一般现在时；there be句型遵循就近原则，离空格最近的主语是“a computer”，为单数，所以be动词用is。 2. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)There ________ a pen and three books on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】句意：桌子上有一支钢笔和三本书。 考查there be句型的主谓一致。is系动词单数；are系动词复数；have有，动词原形；has有，动词三单形式。本句是there be句型，表示“有”，不与have连用，遵循就近原则，即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词的单复数决定。此处离be动词最近的是a pen，be动词用is。故选A。 3. Some people throw away rubbish everywhere, so ________ a lot of ________ around us. A. there are; pollution B. there are; pollutions C. there is; pollution D. there is; pollutions 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：有些人到处扔垃圾，所以我们周围有很多污染。 考查there be句型以及不可数名词。pollution“污染”，不可数名词，无复数形式，be动词用is，故选C。 4. —________ a yellow bike and two green bikes here. Choose one. —OK. I will ride this one. I like yellow better. A. There is B. There are C. This is D. Those are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这里有一辆黄色自行车和两辆绿色自行车。选择一辆。——好的。我会骑这辆。我更喜欢黄色。 考查there be结构。There is有；There are有；This is这是；Those are那些是。根据“a yellow bike and two green bikes here.”可知此处表示“有”，用there be结构，遵循就近原则，根据“a yellow bike”可知此处be动词用is。故选A。 5. (2024-2025·广东广州·期中)________ there ________ money and several coins in my bag? A. Are, some B. Is, any C. Have, any D. Are, any 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的包里有一些钱和几个硬币吗？ 考查there be句型和普通不定代词。句子为there be疑问句，主语是“money and several coins”，由and连接并列结构。在there be句型中，be动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。money为不可数名词，要求单数动词，故be动词应用is。在疑问句中，表示“一些”时应用any。故选B。 6. (2024-2025·广东广州·期中)There ________ some milk and five eggs in the fridge. A. has B. is C. are D. have 【答案】B 【解析】句意：冰箱里有一些牛奶和五个鸡蛋。 考查There be句型。根据“There”可知，此句是There be句型，不和have/has连用，排除AD选项；There be句型遵循“就近原则”，离be动词最近的主语是不可数名词milk，be动词用is。故选B。 7. There ________ still some apple juice in the bottle. You can drink it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：瓶子里还有一些苹果汁。你可以喝它。 考查be动词。is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；was是，is的过去式；were是，are的过去式。句子表达的是现在的状态，属于一般现在时；根据主语some apple juice是不可数名词可知，应用is，故选A。 8. The school provides students ________ clean drinking water. A. with B. for C. to D. of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学校为学生提供干净的饮用水。 with和，带有；for为了；to到；of……的。本题题干结构是“provide+对象(students)+提供物(clean drinking water)”，符合provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”的结构，因此选介词with。 9. As far as we ________, whales are large animals. A. know B. knew C. knowing D. known 【答案】A 【解析】句意：据我们所知，鲸鱼是大型动物。 固定短语as far as we know意为“据我们所知”，此处用来表述普遍客观认知，用一般现在时，主语“we”是第一人称复数，谓语用动词原形know。 10. The area is ________ by snow in winter. A. covered B. provided C. explored D. blown 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个地区冬天被大雪覆盖。 covered覆盖；provided提供；explored探索；blown吹。固定搭配be covered by表示“被……覆盖”，符合雪地场景。 三、句型转换 1. There was a small village near the mountain ten years ago.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ near the mountain ten years ago? 【答案】 What was 【解析】句意：十年前山附近有一个小村庄。划线部分“a small village”在There be句型中作主语，提问主语时直接用疑问词What代替主语，后接谓语was。应填What；was。 2. There are three people waiting for the bus. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ people ________ ________ waiting for the bus? 【答案】How many are there 【解析】句意：有三个人在等公共汽车。画线部分“three”表示可数名词“people”的数量，对可数名词的数量提问要用疑问词组how many。原句是There be句型，变为疑问句时将be动词“are”提到there之前。故填How；many；are；there。 3. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)事实上，湖边总是有很多瓶子、塑料袋和其他垃圾。‌ ________ ________‌, ________ ________ always many bottles, plastic bags and other‌ rubbish by the lake. 【答案】In fact there are 【解析】与原句对比可知，横线处为“事实上，有……”。事实上表示为In fact，句首首字母大写。“有”用there be句型表示，后文为可数名词复数，be动词用are。 4. 如果我们现在不采取行动，一些动物可能会永远消失。 If we don’t do something now, some animals may ________ ________. 【答案】 disappear forever 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“永远消失”的英文，disappear“消失”为动词；forever“永远”为副词修饰动词，情态动词may后跟动词原形。故填disappear；forever。 5. 即使在夏天，这座山的山顶也被雪覆盖着。 Even in summer, the top of the mountain ________ ________ ________ snow. 【答案】 is covered with 【解析】中英对照可知，空处意为“被……所覆盖”，be covered with“被……所覆盖”符合语境，根据“the top of the mountain”可知，主语是单数。故填is；covered；with。 6. (2025-2026·广东广州·期中)在不同的季节里，我们学校有不同的活动。 ________ ________ different activities in our school in different seasons. 【答案】 There are 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“有”，应用“there be”句型表示；句子陈述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是different activities，所以be动词用are；位于句首，there的首字母要大写。故填There；are。 7. 沙滩上有很多塑料垃圾和许多瓶子。 ________ ________ a lot of plastic rubbish and many bottles on the beach. 【答案】 There is 【解析】根据“有……”可知，此处使用there be句型，be动词的选择满足“就近原则”，离最近的主语是a lot of plastic rubbish，不可数名词，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故填There；is。 四、阅读理解 A (2025-2026·广东深圳·期中） Since 2012, China has achieved something amazing: it has added more than 1 million hectares (公顷) of wetlands. This means it restored an area as large as London every two years. Now, the country has over 56 million hectares of wetlands in total. To protect these areas, China has set up more than 2,200 wetland nature reserves, and the environment there has improved greatly. Wetlands are very important. Although they cover only 6% of the Earth’s land, they are home to 40% of all plant and animal species. They also provide us with clean water, control floods, and help store carbon. Among China’s actions, mangrove (红树林) protection stands out. In the past five years, the country has planted over 8,800 hectares of mangroves and restored another 8,200 hectares. Thanks to this, China’s mangrove area has increased by about 40% since the early 2000s, making it one of the few countries with a net gain. An expert said, “Restoring mangroves is one of the most cost-effective ways to fight climate change.” To encourage global cooperation, China set up the International Mangrove Center in Shenzhen in December. Another key step is dealing with an invasive (侵略性的) plant called Spartina alterniflora (互花米草). This plant harms coastal ecosystems by slowing water flow and killing native species, which leaves birds with less food. Since a special action plan started in 2022, about 90% of the affected areas have been treated, successfully stopping its spread. Besides, China has 903 national wetland parks. These parks not only protect 2.4 million hectares of wetlands but have also created more than 50 billion yuan for local economies. About 90% of them are free for everyone to visit. These parks show how China is successfully protecting nature while bringing benefits to people. Looking ahead, China will continue to carry out its Wetland Protection Law and develop new models like “wetland culture-tourism”. 1. How much wetland area has China added since 2012 according to the passage? A. Over 56 million hectares. B. Over 1 million hectares. C. An area the size of London. D. 2.4 million hectares. 2. What is one of the key actions China has taken to protect mangroves? A. Setting up more than 2,200 nature reserves. B. Controlling the spread of Spartina alterniflora. C. Planting and restoring thousands of hectares of mangroves. D. Building 903 national wetland parks. 3. Which of the following is TRUE about China’s national wetland parks? A. Most of them require expensive tickets. B. They have created economic value for the region. C. They were all established in the last five years. D. They mainly focus on fighting climate change. 4. What does the word “cost-effective” mean in the passage? A. Very expensive. B. Giving a good result for the amount of money spent. C. Needing a lot of time. D. Popular around the world. 5. Where is this passage most probably taken from? A. A science fiction novel. B. A personal travel blog. C. A news report on environmental protection. D. A history textbook about London. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2012年以来中国湿地面积的增长情况，阐述了湿地的重要生态价值，还详细列举了中国在红树林保护、治理互花米草、建设国家湿地公园等方面的具体举措及成效，展现了中国在保护自然的同时兼顾民生效益的发展模式。 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据“Since 2012, China has achieved something amazing: it has added more than 1 million hectares of wetlands”可知，2012年以来中国新增湿地面积超100万公顷。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Among China’s actions, mangrove protection stands out. In the past five years, the country has planted over 8,800 hectares of mangroves and restored another 8,200 hectares”可知，种植和修复数千公顷红树林是中国保护红树林的关键行动之一。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“These parks not only protect 2.4 million hectares of wetlands but have also created more than 50 billion yuan for local economies”可知，国家湿地公园为当地创造了500多亿元的经济价值，即具备区域经济价值。故选B。 4. 词句猜测题。根据“Restoring mangroves is one of the most cost-effective ways to fight climate change”及上下文逻辑可知，前文提到中国过去五年种植和修复红树林超1.7万公顷，红树林面积自21世纪初增长约40%，成为少数实现红树林面积净增长的国家，说明修复红树林的行动取得了显著生态成效。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。文章围绕中国湿地保护、红树林修复等环保主题展开，内容客观且具有事实性，属于环保相关的资讯内容。故选C。 B (2024-2025·广东广州·期中） There were once lots of sunflower sea stars along the Pacific Coast of North America. But it is said that about 90 percent of them have died in the last 10 years. Scientists at the University of Washington are researching to understand why the sea stars died. To do so, they are growing them in a lab. They have nearly 150 sea stars between the ages of one and three, and around 5,000 baby sea stars. They also have 16 adult sea stars from ocean waters. The result shows the illness that killed them is known as sea star wasting syndrome (消耗综合征). Jason Hodin, the top researcher at the lab, said that the illness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate (气候) change. Another group from the university is also working on the study. They are trying to find out if warmer water changes the way the sea stars move. The group is using special cameras to see how the sea stars move and to create 3D pictures. The pictures would show differences even with small changes to their environment—such as a small water temperature change. So far, the researchers think the sea stars are able to live in warmer water. Hodin said, “If sunflower sea stars are going to recover (恢复) in the ocean with or without the help of humans, they’re going to be doing so when climate changes.” 1. Why are the scientists doing the research? A. To see how many sunflower sea stars are left. B. To find out the reason for the death of the sea stars. C. To grow more baby sunflower sea stars in the lab. D. To study temperature changes in the Pacific Ocean. 2. What can we know from the research result? A. The sea stars got an illness called sea star wasting syndrome. B. The sea stars died because the sea water was polluted. C. The sea stars were killed by people in large numbers. D. The sea stars died because the sea water got colder. 3. What is another group in the university trying to find out? A. Why the water temperature changes. B. How the sea stars change the water temperature. C. Whether warmer water makes the sea stars move differently. D. What the sea stars look like when moving under cold water. 4. What are the special cameras used to do? A. See how the sea moves. B. Create some 3D pictures that show differences. C. See how the water temperature changes. D. See more sea stars clearly. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The researchers have more than 6,000 sea stars in their lab. B. The sea stars once appeared along the coast of South America. C. The researchers think the sea stars can’t live in warmer water. D. Jason Hodin thinks the illness has something to do with climate change. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了北美太平洋沿岸的向日葵海星数量急剧减少，华盛顿大学的科学家们正在研究其死亡原因，并发现可能与气候变化引起的水温升高有关，同时另一组科学家正研究水温变化对海星活动方式的影响。 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists at the University of Washington are researching to understand why the sea stars died.”可知，科学家们做这项研究是为了弄清楚海星死亡的原因。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The result shows the illness that killed them is known as sea star wasting syndrome (消耗综合征).”可知，研究结果显示，导致海星死亡的疾病是海星消耗综合征。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They are trying to find out if warmer water changes the way the sea stars move.”可知，大学的另一组科学家正在试图找出水温升高是否会改变海星的移动方式。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The group is using special cameras to see how the sea stars move and to create 3D pictures. The pictures would show differences even with small changes to their environments”可知，特殊相机被用来观察海星移动并创建能显示差异的3D图片。故选B。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Jason Hodin, the top researcher at the lab, said that the illness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate (气候) change.”可知，Jason Hodin认为这种疾病可能与气候变化引起的水温升高有关。故选D。 五、完形填空 (2025-2026·广东深圳·期中） Tree-Planting Day is very important for our environment. In China, March 12th is the day for people to 1 trees. This event calls on (号召) people to protect the environment. Schools and local areas have new ways to celebrate it. Some schools 2 tree-planting activities. Students show their skills and talk about how to plant trees well. These activities let people know it’s important to keep the environment 3 . On this day, people go to parks, schoolyards or village areas. They 4 things like spades (铲子) and watering tools. First, they dig a right-sized hole. Then, put in the young tree and cover it with soil. After that, 5 the tree. Tree-Planting Day is not just about planting. It makes us 6 close to nature. We learn that we have a 7 to care for it. Many people say planting trees is a 8 way to help the Earth. Each small tree we plant can grow into a big one, 9 fresh air for us. It’s never too late to start. Let’s 10 tree-planting activities and make our planet greener! 1. A. cut B. water C. plant D. pick 2. A. start B. cancel C. avoid D. dislike 3. A. heavy B. clean C. strange D. old 4. A. carry B. break C. draw D. buy 5. A. climb B. shake C. water D. touch 6. A. feel B. smell C. grow D. taste 7. A. gift B. tool C. rule D. duty 8. A. fun B. slow C. strange D. cheap 9. A. cutting B. providing C. finding D. taking 10. A. take part in B. look after C. check in D. get to 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了植树节对于环境的重要性，介绍了人们庆祝植树节的方式、植树的步骤以及植树节的意义，呼吁大家参与植树活动，让地球更绿。 【解析】1. 句意：在中国，3月12日是人们种树的日子。 cut砍；water浇水；plant种植；pick采摘。根据“March 12th is the day for people to…trees”可知，3月12日是植树节，是人们种树的日子，故选C。 2. 句意：一些学校开始植树活动。 start开始；cancel取消；avoid避免；dislike不喜欢。根据“Some schools…tree-planting activities”可知，学校开始植树活动，故选A。 3. 句意：这些活动让人们知道保持环境清洁很重要。 heavy重的；clean干净的；strange奇怪的；old老的。根据“These activities let people know it’s important to keep the environment…”可知，这些活动让人们知道保持环境清洁很重要，故选B。 4. 句意：他们带着铲子和浇水工具之类的东西。 carry携带；break打破；draw画画；buy买。根据“They…things like spades (铲子) and watering tools”可知，他们带着铲子和浇水工具等东西，故选A。 5. 句意：在那之后，给树浇水。 climb爬；shake摇晃；water浇水；touch触摸。根据“Then, put in the young tree and cover it with soil.”可知，种完树后要浇水，故选C。 6. 句意：它让我们感觉亲近自然。 feel感觉；smell闻起来；grow成长；taste尝起来。根据“It makes us…close to nature”可知，植树节让我们感觉亲近自然，故选A。 7. 句意：我们了解到我们有责任照顾它。 gift礼物；tool工具；rule规则；duty责任。根据“We learn that we have a…to care for it”可知，我们有责任照顾自然，故选D。 8. 句意：许多人说种树是帮助地球的一种有趣的方式。 fun有趣的；slow慢的；strange奇怪的；cheap便宜的。根据“Many people say planting trees is a…way to help the Earth”可知，植树是帮助地球的一种有趣的方式，fun符合对活动的积极评价，故选A。 9. 句意：我们种的每一棵小树都能长成大树，为我们提供新鲜空气。 cutting切割；providing提供；finding找到；taking拿走。根据“Each small tree we plant can grow into a big one,…fresh air for us”可知，小树长大后能为我们提供新鲜空气，故选B。 10. 句意：让我们参加植树活动，让我们的星球更绿！ take part in参加；look after照顾；check in登记入住；get to到达。根据“Let’s…tree-planting activities and make our planet greener!”可知，呼吁大家参加植树活动，故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $